281 lines
26 KiB
XML
281 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6022" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9f247f88-ffa8-4738-a3b6-9a695a900c17" ID-PMC="PMC4714377" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-541-57" ID-PubMed="26798280" ID-ZBK="79A4FD772F2848D7A4F6BDD3C5AB53DA" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-541-57" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 541" ModsDocTitle="A remarkable new genus and a new species of chewing louse (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae) from Brazil" checkinTime="1451243661591" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Valim, Michel P. & Cicchino, Armando C." docDate="2015" docId="0FC09CDB0734B67C29E1650934D45B8F" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 541: 57-70" docOrigin="ZooKeys 541" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6022" docTitle="Bobdalgleishia stephanophallus Valim & Cicchino, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="E28B4C23-47CD-437D-AC57-D97ECB650CFB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="64" masterDocId="0E4DFFAA22389A61DE62FFDE6A6F5553" masterDocTitle="A remarkable new genus and a new species of chewing louse (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae) from Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1668162274468" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A remarkable new genus and a new species of chewing louse (Phthiraptera, Ischnocera, Philopteridae) from Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Valim, Michel P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cicchino, Armando C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>541</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>57</mods:start>
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<mods:end>70</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6022</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.541.6022</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-541-57</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">79A4FD772F2848D7A4F6BDD3C5AB53DA</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">79A4FD772F2848D7A4F6BDD3C5AB53DA</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127870344" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E28B4C23-47CD-437D-AC57-D97ECB650CFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0FC09CDB0734B67C29E1650934D45B8F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Taxon classification Animalia Phthiraptera Philopteridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/E28B4C23-47CD-437D-AC57-D97ECB650CFB" authority="Valim & Cicchino" genus="Bobdalgleishia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bobdalgleishia stephanophallus" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="stephanophallus">Bobdalgleishia stephanophallus Valim & Cicchino</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="60">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1, 2, 3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="type host">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Type host.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Galbulidae" genus="Jacamerops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jacamerops aureus" order="Piciformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="subspecies" species="aureus" subspecies="ridgwayi">Jacamerops aureus ridgwayi</taxonomicName>
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Todd, 1943 - great jacamar [
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" genus="Ischnocera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ischnocera ridgwayi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ridgwayi">ridgwayi</taxonomicName>
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] (
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<taxonomicName family="Galbulidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="family">Galbulidae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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Alto Rio Cururu,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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, Brazil.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="3" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName genus="Bobdalgleishia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bobdalgleishia stephanophallus" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" rank="species" species="stephanophallus">Bobdalgleishia stephanophallus</taxonomicName>
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can be easily separated from the four species of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Motmotnirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Motmotnirmus" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Motmotnirmus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Motmotnirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Motmotnirmus marginellus" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginellus">Motmotnirmus marginellus</taxonomicName>
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(Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866) the type species;
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Motmotnirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Motmotnirmus xilitla" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xilitla">Motmotnirmus xilitla</taxonomicName>
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(Carriker, 1954);
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Motmotnirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Motmotnirmus guatemalensis" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="60" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">Motmotnirmus guatemalensis</taxonomicName>
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(Dalgleish, 1971), and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Motmotnirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Motmotnirmus humphreyi" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="humphreyi">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="61" start="start">Motmotnirmus</pageBreakToken>
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humphreyi
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</taxonomicName>
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(Oniki & Emerson, 1982)) by the generic characters discussed above, i.e. head chaetotaxy (compare Figs 3A and 3D), male genitalia (compare Figs 3B and 3E), and female gonapophysis (compare Figs 3C and 3F). In addition, tergites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VII–VIII">VII-VIII</normalizedToken>
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in species of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Motmotnirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Motmotnirmus" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Motmotnirmus</taxonomicName>
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have more than four posterior tergal setae on each segment (Fig. 3F), in
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<taxonomicName genus="Bobdalgleishia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bobdalgleishia stephanophallus" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" rank="species" species="stephanophallus">Bobdalgleishia stephanophallus</taxonomicName>
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these same segments have fewer setae (males sometimes with 1+1 on VII only) (Fig. 3C).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="4" pageNumber="61" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="61">Male. Habitus as in Figs 1A and 2A. Body pigmentation light-yellow, except for the head marginal carina and pre-antennal nodi strongly brownish (Fig. 1A).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="4" pageNumber="61">
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Headas in Figs 1A, 2A and 3A, slightly shorter than wide, with cephalic index (HL/TW) 0.9. Coni well developed and subequal in length with scape. Preantennal
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="62" start="start">region</pageBreakToken>
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tapered, preantennal margins slightly convex, and marginal temporal margins rounded. Small and nearly convex hyaline margin between tips of the pre-marginal carina each side (Fig. 3A). Preantennal region with internal margins of carinae distinctly thick and irregular (Figs 1A and 3A). Frontoclypeal suture light and distinct, its nodal area (preantennal nodus) roughly circular in shape and very well sclerotized. Gular plate roughly rhomboid and uniformly pigmented. Temples rounded; marginal temporal carina darker pigmented and medium thick, with its inner margin nearly uniform up to the level of mts4 (Fig. 3A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="5" pageNumber="62">
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Thoraxas in Figs 1A and 2A. Pterothorax with 7 marginal setae on each side (rarely 6 in one or both sides); pterothoracic apodeme (metepisternum) not well pigmented,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="63" start="start">reaching</pageBreakToken>
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the lateral margins of the segment. Meso- and metasternal plates not fused, both grossly rounded and bearing a pair of long setae each.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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Abdomenas in Figs 1A and 2A. Tergites uniformly pigmented, except for a small area around spiracles (Fig. 1A). Tergal chaetotaxy: postspiracular long on
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VII">II-VII</normalizedToken>
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; accessory setae absent; and one medium long sutural seta on
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VII">II-VII</normalizedToken>
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. Tergite VIII: trichoid lateral setae thin and medium long, and five setae subequal in length to trichoid setae. Tergite IX+X medially divided, with 2 medium long and 3-4 short setae. Paratergal chaetotaxy:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–III">II-III</normalizedToken>
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0;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–V">IV-V</normalizedToken>
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2;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–VIII">VI-VIII</normalizedToken>
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3. Paratergites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VIII">II-VIII</normalizedToken>
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with internal incrassation forming an inverted-L on each side of the abdominal segments. Sterna
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VI">II-VI</normalizedToken>
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lacking sclerotized plates, each with four long setae (rarely 2 setae on II, or 6 on VI) set on the soft tegument, one unpaired small and anterior setae on segment II in the holotype. Subgenital plate present and sclerotized, the only sternite visible, but outline completely indistinct (Fig. 2A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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Genitalia as in Fig. 3B. Basal plate proximally wide, narrowing distally, with enlarged thickened lateral margins; parameres allantoid (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“sausage-shaped”">"sausage-shaped"</normalizedToken>
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), their bases without defined head, but completely articulated with basal plate, each bearing one subapical sensillum and one apical microseta; mesosomal complex tube-shape, with 2 ventral pairs of sensilla each side, and distally reaching the mid-length of parameres; gonopore is also a large tube, but narrower than the mesosomal tube, and with a distinct crown bordered with indentations, more conspicuous ventrally (Fig. 3A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Measurements (n = 2): ANW 0.10; PAW 0.39-0.40; TW 0.51-0.53; HL 0.45-0.47; PW 0.24-0.25; PL 0.13-0.14; PEW 0.35-0.36; PEL 0.13-0.15; AWV 0.51-0.54; AL 0.98-1.07; BAW 0.07-0.09; BPW 0.05-0.07; MEW 0.05; PRW 0.02-0.03; PAW 0.02; BAL 0.16; MEL 0.08-0.09; PAL 0.11-0.12; BAMEL 0.24-0.25; GL 0.26-0.28; TL 1.64-1.70.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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Female. Habitus and coloration similar to males (Figs 1B and 2B), except for size and details of terminal segments. Head short, with cephalic index (HL/TW) 0.8. Abdominal tergites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VII">II-VII</normalizedToken>
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and sternites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VI">II-VI</normalizedToken>
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as in male for coloration, incrassation, and chaetotaxy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
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Pterothorax with 6+5 (11 in total) marginal setae on each side. Tergites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–VIII">II-VIII</normalizedToken>
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divided medially, with internal end nearly rounded. Paratergal chaetotaxy:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–III">II-III</normalizedToken>
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0;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="IV–V">IV-V</normalizedToken>
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2;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="VI–VIII">VI-VIII</normalizedToken>
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3. Sternal plates as in males (Fig. 2B); number of sternal setae on II 5, III 8, IV 4, V 4, VI 5. Tergite VIII: each side with one thin trichoid lateral seta, one innermost seta and one sutural seta (Fig. 3C). Tergites XI fused with those of IX+X (Figs 1B, 2B, and 3C). Morphology and chaetotaxy of terminalia as in Fig. 3C.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Subgenital plate indistinct in the single female studied, with 2-3 small setae on each side (Fig. 3C). Gonapophyses bear one spine-like setae each, both directed medio-posteriorly and arising from a distinct tubercle. Vulva with only two submarginal short spiniform setae on each side, and 10 medium-long thin setae on its posterior margin (Fig. 3C). Area of the subgenital plate with one pair of long medial seta, plus two pairs of medium long setae each side, all along sternum VIII (Fig. 3C).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Measurements (n = 1): ANW 0.10; PAW 0.45; TW 0.59; HL 0.50; PW 0.27; PL 0.15; PEW 0.40; PEL 0.15; AWV 0.62; AL 1.26; TL 1.94.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="64" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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The species epithet is a composite of the Greek words
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Στέφανο">Στέφανο</normalizedToken>
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(stephano-) and
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<normalizedToken originalValue="φαλλός">φαλλός</normalizedToken>
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(-phallus), which mean 'a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="crown’">crown'</normalizedToken>
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and 'the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="penis’">penis'</normalizedToken>
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. It makes allusion to the crowned structure on the opening of the male gonopore. It is an adjective in the nominative singular.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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Holotype ♂ (MZUSP #6363), ex
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Galbulidae" genus="Jacamerops" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Jacamerops aureus" order="Piciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="subspecies" species="aureus" subspecies="ridgwayi">Jacamerops aureus ridgwayi</taxonomicName>
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Todd, 1943 (#A.2880, voucher at MNRJ); BRAZIL:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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, Alto Rio Cururu (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-7.2">07°12'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-58.066666">58°04'W</geoCoordinate>
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; 50m), 6.VI.1957, H. Sick coll. Paratypes: 1♂, 1♀ (MZUSP #6363-6364), same data as holotype.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Additional material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Motmotnirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Motmotnirmus marginellus" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginellus">Motmotnirmus marginellus</taxonomicName>
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(Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866): 3♂, 3♀ (MZUSP #6342-6348), ex
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" family="Momotidae" genus="Momotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Momotus momota" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="momota">Momotus momota</taxonomicName>
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(Linnaeus, 1766) (
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<taxonomicName class="Aves" lsidName="Ischnocera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="class">Aves</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ischnocera" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="order">Coraciiformes</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName family="Momotidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="family">Momotidae</taxonomicName>
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) (voucher at MZUSP #98878), BRAZIL:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
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, Fazenda Fartura (
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-9.634472">09°38'04.1"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-50.47711">50°28'37.6"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 160m), Santana do Araguaia,. VIII.2014, A. Gouvea coll.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="64" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
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The morphological differences between the single species of
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<taxonomicName genus="Bobdalgleishia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bobdalgleishia" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="genus">Bobdalgleishia</taxonomicName>
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and those of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Motmotnirmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Motmotnirmus" order="Phthiraptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Motmotnirmus</taxonomicName>
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are congruent with the evolutionary history of their host groups:
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ischnocera" order="Galbuliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="order">Galbuliformes</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="Ischnocera" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="order">Coraciiformes</taxonomicName>
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, respectively (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation author="Livezey, BC" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 95" title="Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x" volume="149" year="2007">Livezey and Zusi 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Hackett, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Science" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="1763 - 1768" title="A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history." url="10.1126/science.1157704" volume="320" year="2008">Hackett et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yuri, T" journalOrPublisher="Biology" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" pagination="419 - 444" title="Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic." url="10.3390/biology2010419" volume="2" year="2013">Yuri et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, it is surprising to find that the shape of the mesosomal plate and the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="“crowned”">"crowned"</normalizedToken>
|
||
gonopore in the male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Bobdalgleishia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bobdalgleishia stephanophallus" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="species" species="stephanophallus">Bobdalgleishia stephanophallus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unique features among all the species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brueelia" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brueelia</taxonomicName>
|
||
-complex. Some unrelated genera of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Philopteridae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="family">Philopteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Rallicola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rallicola (Aptericola)" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Aptericola">Rallicola (Aptericola)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Harrison, 1915 (
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Rallicola" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rallicola" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Rallicola</taxonomicName>
|
||
-complex) as an example - have mesosomes with similar shape (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Clay, T" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Science" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" pagination="70 - 76" title="The species of Rallicola (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) parasitic on kiwis (Apteryx)." volume="15" year="1972">Clay 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 13-15), whereas the mesosome and crowned gonopore are similar to those of some members of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Heptapsogasteridae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="family">Heptapsogasteridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
-
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Rhopaloceras" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhopaloceras almeidai" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="almeidai">Rhopaloceras almeidai</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guimarães">Guimaraes</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1946: fig 5, as an example. We believe these similarities are the result of evolutionary convergence, and have no phylogenetic implications.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Considering that the
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ischnocera" order="Piciformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="order">Piciformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
are also included in the same large group as
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ischnocera" order="Galbuliformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="order">Galbuliformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="Ischnocera" order="Coraciiformes" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="order">Coraciiformes</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Livezey, BC" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="1 - 95" title="Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x" volume="149" year="2007">Livezey and Zusi 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hackett, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Science" pageId="10" pageNumber="67" pagination="1763 - 1768" title="A phylogenomic study of birds reveals their evolutionary history." url="10.1126/science.1157704" volume="320" year="2008">Hackett et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Yuri, T" journalOrPublisher="Biology" pageId="11" pageNumber="68" pagination="419 - 444" title="Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic." url="10.3390/biology2010419" volume="2" year="2013">Yuri et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), this new genus needs to be compared with lice of the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brueelia" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brueelia</taxonomicName>
|
||
-complex found on those hosts. Species from both
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Picidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="family">Picidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Dalgleish, RC" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the New York Entomological Society" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" pagination="139 - 146" title="The Brueelia (Mallophaga: Ischnocera) of the Picidae (Aves: Piciformes)." volume="79" year="1971">Dalgleish 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Ramphastidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="family">Ramphastidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cicchino, AC" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="9" pageNumber="66" pagination="283 - 303" title="Especies nuevas o poco conocidas del genero Brueelia Keler, 1936 (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) parasitas de Passeriformes, Piciformes y Trogoniformes (Aves) americanos." volume="42" year="1983">Cicchino 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) only have the mts3 very long (against os, mts1-3 very long in
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Bobdalgleishia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bobdalgleishia" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" rank="genus">Bobdalgleishia</taxonomicName>
|
||
). In addition, species from woodpeckers belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Brueelia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brueelia" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Brueelia</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kéler">Keler</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1936 (sensu stricto), whereas those found on toucans to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Philopteridae" genus="Traihoriella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Traihoriella" order="Psocodea" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Traihoriella</taxonomicName>
|
||
Ansari, 1947 (D.R. Gustafsson pers. comm. 2015).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |