289 lines
28 KiB
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289 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A099F6888B77F4F7DB0F9F2701F3ADE6">Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ACCA7F4DB7CE3690AF0E4D5B5180FBC7">Crosskey, Roger W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="2308E2EE473E17F4270C3D74EF0A8D6A">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="363187A3FFF46F38A1FBA4024C8AB306" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093579" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119632380" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6093579" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:363187A3FFF46F38A1FBA4024C8AB306" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/363187A3FFF46F38A1FBA4024C8AB306" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="F682653EFFF46F38A1FBA4024C05B74B" box="[151,618,548,574]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1FBA4024C05B74B" blockId="22.[151,618,548,574]" box="[151,618,548,574]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="E56F81D9FFF46F38A1FBA4024C05B74B" bold="true" box="[151,618,548,574]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A1FBA4024C05B74B" bold="true" box="[151,618,548,574]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A182A4024C05B74B" ID-CoL="83YF" ID-ENA="61070" authority="Stone & Jamnback" authorityName="Stone & Jamnback" box="[238,618,548,574]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Twinnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">TWINNIA Stone & Jamnback</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F682653EFFF46F38A1FBA44C4C8AB306" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="checklist">
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1FBA44C4FAAB7F6" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[151,453,618,643]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A1FBA44C4FAAB7F6" authority="Wood" authorityName="Wood" box="[151,453,618,643]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Twinnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hirticornis">
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A1FBA44C4F12B7F6" bold="true" box="[151,381,618,643]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Twinnia hirticornis</emphasis>
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Wood
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA4A84CFBB79A" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA4A84C5BB79A" author="Rothfels" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] & Freeman, [D.] M. (1966) The salivary gland chromosomes of three North American species of Twinnia (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44, 937 - 945. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 66 - 095" type="journal article" year="1966">
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Rothfels & Freeman (
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<number id="08502492FFF46F38A0A8A4A84C6FB7D2" box="[452,512,654,679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1966.0">1966</number>
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, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; photos of IS partial,
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<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFF46F38A469A4A94B55B7D2" box="[1285,1338,655,679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CIIS</collectionCode>
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+
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<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFF46F38A432A4A94BF3B7D2" box="[1374,1436,655,679]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CIIIS</collectionCode>
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region, and polymorphisms; resolution relative to
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<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A257A4944DA4B7BE" box="[827,971,690,715]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A257A4944DA4B7BE" box="[827,971,690,715]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Prosimulium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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standard; whole-arm interchange [IIL +
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<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFF46F38A195A4F14F46B79B" box="[249,297,727,750]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">IIIL</collectionCode>
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, IIS +
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<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFF46F38A018A4F14FCAB79A" box="[372,421,727,751]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">IIIS</collectionCode>
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]; as
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<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A0BAA4F14C48B79B" box="[470,551,727,750]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Twinnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nova">
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A0BAA4F14C48B79B" box="[470,551,727,750]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">T. nova</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A32CA4F04CFBB79A" box="[576,660,726,751]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA4DC4C8AB666" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[199,741,762,787]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA4DC4C2DB666" author="Rothfels" box="[199,578,762,787]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
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Rothfels (
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<number id="08502492FFF46F38A059A4DD4F1EB666" box="[309,369,763,787]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1979.0">1979</number>
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, cytodendrogram)
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A320A4DC4CCCB666" box="[588,675,762,787]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A3C1A4DD4C8AB666" box="[685,741,763,787]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">USA</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA5384A07B642" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[199,1128,798,823]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA5384D99B642" author="Rothfels" box="[199,1014,798,823]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1980) Chromosomal variability and speciation in blackflies. In: Blackman, R. L., Hewitt, G. M. & Ashburner, M. (Eds.), Insect Cytogenetics. Symposium of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, United Kingdom. 10, pp. 207 - 224." type="journal article" year="1980">
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Rothfels (
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<number id="08502492FFF46F38A059A5394F1EB642" box="[309,369,799,823]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1980.0">1980</number>
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, photo of
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A08DA5384C56B643" box="[481,569,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">de novo</emphasis>
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interchange in polytenes of single cell)
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</bibRefCitation>
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: [
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<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A564A5384A0DB642" box="[1032,1122,798,823]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA5644A13B62E" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[199,1148,834,859]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA5644C63B62E" author="Adler" box="[199,524,834,859]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. & Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
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Adler,
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A078A5644C63B62E" author="Currie" box="[276,524,834,859]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. & Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
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Currie & Wood (
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<number id="08502492FFF46F38A0BCA5654C63B62E" box="[464,524,835,859]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2004.0">2004</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, chromosomal characters in larval key): North
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<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A570A5644A13B62E" box="[1052,1148,834,859]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1FBA5404FA9B60A" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[151,454,870,895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A1FBA5404FA9B60A" authority="Novak" authorityName="Novak" box="[151,454,870,895]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Twinnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hydroides">
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A1FBA5404F1AB60A" bold="true" box="[151,373,870,895]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Twinnia hydroides</emphasis>
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Novák
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA5AC4DDEB6D6" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[199,945,906,931]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA5AC4FF8B6D6" author="Chubareva" box="[199,407,906,931]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 a) Karyotypical characters of the subfamilies Gymnopaidinae Rubz. and Prosimuliinae End. (Simuliidae) and their taxonomic value. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Sistematika i Evolyutsiya Dvukrylykh Nasekomye [Systematics and Evolution of Dipterous Insects.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 105 - 111. [In Russian with English title only: latter excludes word ' subfamilies' present in Russian title.]" type="book chapter" year="1977" yearSuffix="a">
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Chubareva (
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<number id="08502492FFF46F38A023A5AD4FE5B6D6" box="[335,394,907,931]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1977.0">1977</number>
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a
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A0CFA5AC4F83B6D6" author="Chubareva" box="[419,492,906,931]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 d) Characteristics of karyotypical features of plesiomorphic species of blackflies and probable pathways in the evolution of karyotypes in the family Simuliidae. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 56, 1492 - 1502. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="d">
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<number id="08502492FFF46F38A0CFA5AC4FB2B6D6" box="[419,477,906,931]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1977.0">1977</number>
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d
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</bibRefCitation>
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, description, idiogram):
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<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A393A5AC4DDEB6D6" box="[767,945,906,931]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA5884CC4B69E" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA5884F80B69E" author="Chubareva" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 b) Karyotypical features and phylogenetic connections of the relict species of blackflies in the subfamily Gymnopaidinae (Simuliidae, Diptera). Tsitologiya, 19, 198 - 209. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="b">
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Chubareva (
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<number id="08502492FFF46F38A037A5884FF9B6B2" box="[347,406,942,967]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1977.0">1977</number>
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b, description, idiogram, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A095A5F44CC4B69E" box="[505,683,978,1003]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA5D04F30B146" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA5D04C67B17A" author="Chubareva" box="[199,520,1014,1039]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
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Chubareva & Petrova (
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<number id="08502492FFF46F38A0A0A5D14C67B17A" box="[460,520,1015,1039]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1979.2003">1979</number>
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</bibRefCitation>
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, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths):
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<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A43AA5D04F30B146" name="Czech Republic" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA2184C91B122" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[199,766,1086,1111]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA2184C2DB122" author="Rothfels" box="[199,578,1086,1111]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
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Rothfels (
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<number id="08502492FFF46F38A059A2194F1EB122" box="[309,369,1087,1111]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1979.0">1979</number>
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, cytodendrogram)
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</bibRefCitation>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A320A2184C91B122" box="[588,766,1086,1111]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA2444B58B10E" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[199,1335,1122,1147]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Chubareva (
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<number id="08502492FFF46F38A023A2454FE4B10E" box="[335,395,1123,1147]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1984.0">1984</number>
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, photos of metaphase and low-resolution polytene complements): [
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<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A515A2444B5EB10E" box="[1145,1329,1122,1147]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
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]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA2A04C64B1B6" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA2A04F3AB1B6" author="Chubareva" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Chubareva, L. A. & Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
|
|
Chubareva & Petrova (
|
|
<number id="08502492FFF46F38A0ACA2A14F95B1EA" box="[448,506,1159,1183]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2008.0">2008</number>
|
|
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A032A28C4C64B1B6" box="[350,523,1194,1219]" name="Czech Republic" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Czech Republic</collectingCountry>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1FBA2E84F81B192" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[151,494,1230,1255]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A1FBA2E84F81B192" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,494,1230,1255]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Twinnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magadensis">
|
|
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A1FBA2E84FE6B192" bold="true" box="[151,393,1230,1255]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Twinnia magadensis</emphasis>
|
|
Rubtsov
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA2D44AE2B07E" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[199,1165,1266,1291]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA2D44A57B07E" author="Adler" box="[199,1080,1266,1291]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Adler, P. H. & McCreadie, J. W. (2002) Black flies (Simuliidae). In: Mullen, G. & Durden, L. (Eds.), Medical and Veterinary Entomology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 185 - 202. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / B 978 - 012510451 - 7 / 50013 - X" type="book chapter" year="2002">
|
|
Adler & McCreadie (
|
|
<number id="08502492FFF46F38A0DAA2D54F9DB07E" box="[438,498,1267,1291]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2002.0">2002</number>
|
|
, low-magnification photo of polytene complement)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A52EA2D44AE2B07E" box="[1090,1165,1266,1291]" name="Russia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Russia</collectingCountry>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1FBA3304C7EB05A" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[151,529,1302,1327]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A1FBA3304C7EB05A" authority="Dyar & Shannon" authorityName="Dyar & Shannon" box="[151,529,1302,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Twinnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nova">
|
|
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A1FBA3304F56B05A" bold="true" box="[151,313,1302,1327]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Twinnia nova</emphasis>
|
|
(Dyar & Shannon)
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA31C4C22B0EE" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA31C4FC8B0EE" author="Rothfels" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] & Freeman, [D.] M. (1966) The salivary gland chromosomes of three North American species of Twinnia (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44, 937 - 945. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 66 - 095" type="journal article" year="1966">
|
|
Rothfels & Freeman (
|
|
<number id="08502492FFF46F38A0D3A31C4F94B026" box="[447,507,1338,1363]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1966.0">1966</number>
|
|
, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; photos of IS partial,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A59FA31D4B7FB027" box="[1267,1296,1339,1362]" name="Iceland" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">IL</collectingCountry>
|
|
, and
|
|
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFF46F38A421A31D4BECB026" box="[1357,1411,1339,1363]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CIIL</collectionCode>
|
|
+
|
|
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFF46F38A195A3794F56B002" box="[249,313,1375,1399]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">CIIIL</collectionCode>
|
|
region; resolution relative to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A3EBA3784D79B002" box="[647,790,1374,1399]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A3EBA3784D79B002" box="[647,790,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Prosimulium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
standard; whole-arm interchange [IIL +
|
|
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFF46F38A58FA3794B7CB003" box="[1251,1299,1375,1398]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">IIIL</collectionCode>
|
|
, IIS +
|
|
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFF46F38A433A3794BFFB002" box="[1375,1424,1375,1399]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">IIIS</collectionCode>
|
|
]; as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A07BA3A24FF4B0EE" box="[279,411,1410,1435]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Twinnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biclavata">
|
|
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A07BA3A24FF4B0EE" box="[279,411,1410,1435]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">T. biclavata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A0DFA3A44C65B0EE" box="[435,522,1410,1435]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A379A3A54C22B0EE" box="[533,589,1411,1435]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">USA</collectingCountry>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA3804C8AB0CA" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[199,741,1446,1471]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA3804C2DB0CA" author="Rothfels" box="[199,578,1446,1471]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
|
|
Rothfels (
|
|
<number id="08502492FFF46F38A059A3814F1EB0CA" box="[309,369,1447,1471]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1979.0">1979</number>
|
|
, cytodendrogram)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A320A3804CCCB0CA" box="[588,675,1446,1471]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A3C1A3814C8AB0CA" box="[685,741,1447,1471]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">USA</collectingCountry>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA3EC4A13B096" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[199,1148,1482,1507]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA3EC4C63B096" author="Adler" box="[199,524,1482,1507]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. & Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
|
|
Adler,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A078A3EC4C63B096" author="Currie" box="[276,524,1482,1507]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. & Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
|
|
Currie & Wood (
|
|
<number id="08502492FFF46F38A0BCA3ED4C63B096" box="[464,524,1483,1507]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="2004.0">2004</number>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, chromosomal characters in larval key): North
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A570A3EC4A13B096" box="[1052,1148,1482,1507]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">America</collectingCountry>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1FBA3C84C5FB372" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[151,560,1518,1543]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A1FBA3C84C5FB372" authority="Stone & Jamnback" authorityName="Stone & Jamnback" box="[151,560,1518,1543]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Twinnia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibblesi">
|
|
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A1FBA3C84F39B372" bold="true" box="[151,342,1518,1543]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Twinnia tibblesi</emphasis>
|
|
Stone & Jamnback
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA0344CD2B33A" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA0344C76B33A" author="Rothfels" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] & Freeman, [D.] M. (1966) The salivary gland chromosomes of three North American species of Twinnia (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 44, 937 - 945. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 66 - 095" type="journal article" year="1966">
|
|
Rothfels & Freeman (
|
|
<number id="08502492FFF46F38A0D6A0344F99B35E" box="[442,502,1554,1579]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1966.0">1966</number>
|
|
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, photos of all arms, resolution relative to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFF46F38A079A0104FCAB33A" box="[277,421,1590,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Prosimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFF46F38A079A0104FCAB33A" box="[277,421,1590,1615]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Prosimulium</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
standard)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A34FA0104C15B33A" box="[547,634,1590,1615]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A3E9A0114CD2B33A" box="[645,701,1591,1615]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">USA</collectingCountry>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFF46F38A1ABA07C4C8AB306" blockId="22.[151,1436,618,1651]" box="[199,741,1626,1651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFF46F38A1ABA07C4C2DB306" author="Rothfels" box="[199,578,1626,1651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
|
|
Rothfels (
|
|
<number id="08502492FFF46F38A059A07D4F1EB306" box="[309,369,1627,1651]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" value="1979.0">1979</number>
|
|
, cytodendrogram)
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
:
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A320A07C4CCCB306" box="[588,675,1626,1651]" name="Canada" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
|
,
|
|
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFF46F38A3C1A07D4C8AB306" box="[685,741,1627,1651]" name="United States of America" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">USA</collectingCountry>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |