treatments-xml/data/36/31/87/363187A3FFD26F1AA1FBA41C4B53B481.xml

<document id="0E03EA576BE5EF12915C3643987860A9" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3975.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f6b9d620-532d-41b6-ba53-47440a18831c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="192364" ID-ZooBank="711879C2-8A69-4F47-B637-2FA1852C23B8" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" IM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" checkinTime="1461222857359" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Adler, Peter H. &amp; Crosskey, Roger W." docDate="2015" docId="363187A3FFD26F1AA1FBA41C4B53B481" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03975p139.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3975 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStylede.uka.ipd.idaho.easyIO.settings.Settings@6281326f" docStyleName="zootaxa.2013.monograph" docTitle="Eusimulium Roubaud" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="CA08FFDBFFE26F2EA16CA6264E6FB575" masterDocTitle="Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus" masterLastPageNumber="139" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1694902352078" updateUser="admin">
<mods:mods id="9699505AEBA5A792D815AA7903347B09" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="1358C78B2AF59DF87ED5F74FD02577D0">
<mods:title id="31F6DA9D9E21B1A3A454C67799AEA451">Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="8443D82BEF0910AE4E870AD62067A8E4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C2466BF47AB4D1FE647FCA9CD5A5D909">
<mods:roleTerm id="46A5E0C896B1B79B93A108E6246FBB2E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8EF97122A5B5B0CBA1EE5A81458E0E3D">Adler, Peter H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5BEF11A9BF295ACE6564CAA3AB7B6E5F" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E7578E11B19A0E32D6B8B5C31B3BBD9C">
<mods:roleTerm id="8889A613743FFE1B7BEA29D45788A044">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="09B7157FB0008DF5B5722C98DBCCB048">Crosskey, Roger W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="E31C1797E4BC49704F1401C684C485EF">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="8B1B033AD3B3D9BC13892C3D2CE45795" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="0CC112834451EA5C08986E8332C2BD50">
<mods:title id="203645F6ECC22F1667458039982218BE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="13169858440AA3C65A35875EE8763C46">
<mods:date id="E8C965B8478FAE2A0A70A56E5DDD3094">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3D33FD65CA4200DE890F11CECBF66223" type="volume">
<mods:number id="9E74D3CBB7E8FE24B29E4C04B0231412">3975</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="4485AE65D31FE03C3F24E9A866F8B09E" type="issue">
<mods:number id="47DF7153D9251C4ED0206525EF0172F6">1</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="BA8DEB3BA28B4C3DF3F41B9DD11DF148" unit="page">
<mods:start id="514A1976CC426AE2C48F5990BF0A4143">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="9C87E3C4B0BB5585FD3FEF1D38F6CC61">139</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="2B873C09FD08548D220845FB13206CBA">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="55EAE3B3FA31E4C398EF5C7F04DB1633" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3975.1.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D24CD5E6B73119A764035A4C828C234A" type="GBIF-Dataset">f6b9d620-532d-41b6-ba53-47440a18831c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B2D97A8A9C47B8A28125AC87047457D5" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="DAF853C694959C23D2D2B8A8844CCF6E" type="Zenodo-Dep">192364</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8371CCA1E73B04EEDB6A3E3F6C175868" type="ZooBank">711879C2-8A69-4F47-B637-2FA1852C23B8</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="363187A3FFD26F1AA1FBA41C4B53B481" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093619" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119631901" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6093619" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:363187A3FFD26F1AA1FBA41C4B53B481" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/363187A3FFD26F1AA1FBA41C4B53B481" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<subSubSection id="F682653EFFD26F1EA1FBA41C4C38B721" box="[151,599,570,596]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1FBA41C4C38B721" blockId="48.[151,599,570,596]" box="[151,599,570,596]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<heading id="E56F81D9FFD26F1EA1FBA41C4C38B721" bold="true" box="[151,599,570,596]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA1FBA41C4C38B721" bold="true" box="[151,599,570,596]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Subgenus 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA07BA41C4C38B721" authority="Roubaud" authorityName="Roubaud" box="[279,599,570,596]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">EUSIMULIUM Roubaud</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F682653EFFD26F1AA1FBA4A74B53B481" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" type="checklist">
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1FBA4A74F96B7EF" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[151,505,641,666]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA1FBA4A74F96B7EF" authority="Edwards" authorityName="Edwards" box="[151,505,641,666]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA1FBA4A74FFEB7EF" bold="true" box="[151,401,641,666]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Simulium angustipes</emphasis>
Edwards
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA4834D48B797" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA4834F1DB7CB" author="Dunbar" box="[199,370,677,702]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1958 a) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 53 pp." type="book" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA046A4834F0AB7CB" box="[298,357,677,702]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1958.0">1958</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA011A4834FD7B7CB" author="Dunbar" box="[381,440,677,702]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 495 - 525. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 058" type="journal article" year="1959">
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA011A4834FD7B7CB" box="[381,440,677,702]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1959.0">1959</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA4EBA4804F21B794" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA4EBA4804F21B794" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA345A4EC4CF6B794" box="[553,665,714,737]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA345A4EC4CF6B794" box="[553,665,714,737]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘E’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA3B0A4EF4D48B797" box="[732,807,713,738]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA4CB4B70B673" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[199,1311,749,774]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA4CB4ADAB673" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1205,749,774]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Shcherbakov, E. S. (1963 a) Some karyotypic data on polyploid populations in the family Simuliidae. In: Vtoroe Sovetshchanie po Poliploidii [Second Conference on Polyploidy], 14 - 18 Yanvarya [January] 1963 g. Tezisy Dokladov [Abstracts,] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 66 - 67. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1963" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Shcherbakov (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA369A4CB4C2FB673" box="[517,576,749,774]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1963.0">1963</number>
a, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA568A4C84AC6B673" box="[1028,1193,750,774]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA568A4C84AC6B673" box="[1028,1193,750,774]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA5A4A4CB4B77B673" box="[1224,1304,749,774]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA5374AC5B63B" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA5374A3CB63B" author="Chubareva" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Shcherbakov, E. S. (1963 b) Study of karyotypes of some blackfly species (fam. Simuliidae). Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 153, 1183 - 1185. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1963" yearSuffix="b">
Chubareva &amp; Shcherbakov (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA371A5374C38B65F" box="[541,599,785,810]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1963.0">1963</number>
b, notes on general polytene features, photos of metaphase and lowmagnification polytene complements and ectopic pairing; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA2CFA5104A28B63B" box="[931,1095,822,846]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA2CFA5104A28B63B" box="[931,1095,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA533A5134AC5B63B" box="[1119,1194,821,846]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA57F4D05B607" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[199,874,857,882]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA57F4D6EB607" author="Dunbar" box="[199,769,857,882]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1965) Chromosome inversions as blocks to genetic exchange leading to sympatric speciation in black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology, 1964. London, United Kingdom, pp. 268 - 269." type="proceedings paper" year="1965">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA046A57F4F0AB607" box="[298,357,857,882]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1965.0">1965</number>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA339A57C4CA6B604" box="[597,713,858,881]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA339A57C4CA6B604" box="[597,713,858,881]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘E’)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA27FA57F4D0CB607" box="[787,867,857,882]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA55B4A07B6E3" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[199,1128,893,918]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA55B4A7EB6E3" author="Shcherbakov" box="[199,1041,893,918]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Shcherbakov, E. S. (1965 a) Seasonal dynamics of blackfly larvae (Simuliidae, Diptera) with different karyotypes and genome polymorphism. Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii, 26, 653 - 666. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1965" yearSuffix="a">
Shcherbakov (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA004A55B4FCCB6E3" box="[360,419,893,918]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1965.0">1965</number>
a, photos of metaphase complement; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA20CA5584A6AB6E3" box="[864,1029,894,918]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA20CA5584A6AB6E3" box="[864,1029,894,918]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA571A55B4A07B6E3" box="[1053,1128,893,918]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA5874D97B6CF" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[199,1016,929,954]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA5874DF0B6CF" author="Dunbar" box="[199,927,929,954]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1966 b) Cytotaxonomic studies in black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). In: Darlington, C. D. &amp; Lewis, K. R. (Eds.), Chromosomes Today, Volume 1. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 179 - 181." type="book" year="1966" yearSuffix="b">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA046A5874F0AB6CF" box="[298,357,929,954]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1966.0">1966</number>
b, chromosomal key; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA318A5844C87B6CC" box="[628,744,930,953]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA318A5844C87B6CC" box="[628,744,930,953]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group [in part])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA2C6A5874D97B6CF" box="[938,1016,929,954]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Britain</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA5E34B7DB177" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA5E34AD4B177" author="Simonenko" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Simonenko, V. D. (1966) Variation of the karyotype in Eusimulium securiforme from a natural population. Genetika, 4, 83 - 88. [In Russian with English summary; the work is Volume 4 of Genetika but only No. 11 applying to the particular part appears on the title page.]" type="book chapter" year="1966">
Simonenko (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA030A5E34FF7B6AB" box="[348,408,965,990]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1966.0">1966</number>
, description; inversions mapped; photos of polytene complement [low magnification], ectopic pairing of chromosome ends, and selected polymorphisms; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA566A5CC4AC0B177" box="[1034,1199,1002,1026]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA566A5CC4AC0B177" box="[1034,1199,1002,1026]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA5ABA5CF4B7DB177" box="[1223,1298,1001,1026]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA22B4B4CB153" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[199,1315,1037,1062]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA22B4AA3B153" author="Shcherbakov" box="[199,1228,1037,1062]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Shcherbakov, E. S. (1969 a) The heteropyknosis of supernumerary (B) chromosomes in simuliids (order Diptera) and genome homeostatis. Issledovaniia po Genetike, 3, 96 - 103. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="1969" yearSuffix="a">
Shcherbakov (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA004A22B4FCCB153" box="[360,419,1037,1062]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1969.0">1969</number>
a, photos of metaphase and interphase chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA577A2284AAFB153" box="[1051,1216,1038,1062]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA577A2284AAFB153" box="[1051,1216,1038,1062]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA5B4A22B4B4CB153" box="[1240,1315,1037,1062]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA2174A38B13F" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[199,1111,1073,1098]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA2174D90B13F" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1023,1073,1098]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1979 a) Karyotypical characters of black-flies of the genus Eusimulium Roub. in relation to other genera of Eusimuliini Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Ekologicheskie i Morfologicheskie Osnovy Sistematiki Dvukrylykh Nasekomykh [Ecological and Morphological Principles of Diptera Systematics (Insecta).] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 111 - 113. [In Russian; full English translation In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.) (1985) Systematics of Diptera (Insecta): Ecological and Morphological Principles. Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, pp. 176 - 179. There are trivial differences in the title wording from the English title given in the original.]" type="book chapter" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA023A2144FE5B13F" box="[335,394,1074,1098]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1979.0">1979</number>
a, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA222A2144D9CB13F" box="[846,1011,1074,1098]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA222A2144D9CB13F" box="[846,1011,1074,1098]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA560A2174A38B13F" box="[1036,1111,1073,1098]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA2734F96B1E7" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA2734FE5B1E7" author="Chubareva" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA08DA2704C72B11B" box="[481,541,1110,1134]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA4E8A2704F10B1E7" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA4E8A2704F10B1E7" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA0FBA25F4F96B1E7" box="[407,505,1145,1170]" name="Armenia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA2BB4B38B1C3" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[199,1367,1181,1206]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA2BB4B6FB1C3" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1280,1181,1206]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1980 a) Karyotypical features and taxonomic position of the genus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae). Genetica, 52 / 53, 57 - 61." type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA023A2B84FE5B1C3" box="[335,394,1182,1206]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1980.0">1980</number>
a, description, idiogram, partial comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA2DDA2B84A4EB1C0" box="[945,1057,1182,1205]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reginae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA2DDA2B84A4EB1C0" box="[945,1057,1182,1205]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. reginae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA523A2B84A9CB1C3" box="[1103,1267,1182,1206]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA523A2B84A9CB1C3" box="[1103,1267,1182,1206]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA460A2BB4B38B1C3" box="[1292,1367,1181,1206]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA2E74A8AB1AF" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[199,1253,1217,1242]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA023A2E44FE4B1AF" box="[335,395,1218,1242]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, photos of metaphase and polytene complements; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA2B1A2E44AEDB1AF" box="[989,1154,1218,1242]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA2B1A2E44AEDB1AF" box="[989,1154,1218,1242]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA5F6A2E74A8AB1AF" box="[1178,1253,1217,1242]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA2C34F85B033" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA2C34FEBB18B" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,388,1253,1278]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA025A2C34FEBB18B" box="[329,388,1253,1278]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA0E3A2C04FA5B18B" author="Leonhardt" box="[399,458,1254,1278]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photos of all arms, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA31FA32C4C8AB054" box="[627,741,1290,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA31FA32C4C8AB054" box="[627,741,1290,1313]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA2AFA32C4A57B054" box="[963,1080,1290,1313]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA2AFA32C4A57B054" box="[963,1080,1290,1313]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘E’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA510A32F4AA5B057" box="[1148,1226,1289,1314]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA5B6A32F4B53B057" box="[1242,1340,1289,1314]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA424A32F4BFFB057" box="[1352,1424,1289,1314]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Wales</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA195A30B4F42B033" box="[249,301,1325,1350]" name="Italy" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA054A3084FFCB033" box="[312,403,1326,1350]" name="Norway" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA0F3A30B4F85B033" box="[415,490,1325,1350]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA3774F8DB0FB" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA08DA3744C72B01F" box="[481,541,1362,1386]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA4E8A3744F10B0FB" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA4E8A3744F10B0FB" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA0FBA3534F8DB0FB" box="[407,482,1397,1422]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA3BF4D79B0A3" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA3BF4CD0B0A3" author="Chubareva" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA08AA3BC4C4DB0C7" box="[486,546,1434,1458]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA362A3984CDCB0A3" box="[526,691,1470,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA362A3984CDCB0A3" box="[526,691,1470,1494]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA3A7A39B4D79B0A3" box="[715,790,1469,1494]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA3C44F86B36B" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA3C44C7EB08F" author="Day" box="[199,529,1505,1530]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Day, J. C., Mustapha, M. &amp; Post, R. J. (2010) The subgenus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium) in Britain. Aquatic Insects, 32, 281 - 292." type="journal article" year="2010">
Day, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA06EA3C74C7EB08F" author="Mustapha" box="[258,529,1505,1530]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Day, J. C., Mustapha, M. &amp; Post, R. J. (2010) The subgenus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium) in Britain. Aquatic Insects, 32, 281 - 292." type="journal article" year="2010">
Mustapha &amp; Post (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA0B9A3C44C7EB08F" box="[469,529,1506,1530]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="2010.0">2010</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, diagnostic inversions mapped, low-magnification photos of chromosomes I and II): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA048A0234F1DB36B" box="[292,370,1541,1566]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA0ECA0234F8EB36B" box="[384,481,1541,1566]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1FBA00F4FC1B337" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[151,430,1577,1602]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA1FBA00F4FC1B337" authority="Fries" authorityName="Fries" box="[151,430,1577,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA1FBA00F4F1FB337" bold="true" box="[151,368,1577,1602]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Simulium aureum</emphasis>
Fries
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA06B4B1CB3FF" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA06B4F1BB313" author="Dunbar" box="[199,372,1613,1638]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1958 a) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 53 pp." type="book" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA040A06B4F08B313" box="[300,359,1613,1638]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1958.0">1958</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA0EFA06B4FD2B313" author="Dunbar" box="[387,445,1613,1638]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 495 - 525. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 058" type="journal article" year="1959">
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA0EFA06B4FD2B313" box="[387,445,1613,1638]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1959.0">1959</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of IS and 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA417A0684BF7B310" box="[1403,1432,1614,1637]" name="Iceland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">IL</collectingCountry>
, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA08BA0544C36B3FC" box="[487,601,1650,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA08BA0544C36B3FC" box="[487,601,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA25FA0544DCBB3FC" box="[819,932,1650,1673]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA25FA0544DCBB3FC" box="[819,932,1650,1673]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘F’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA289A0574A5CB3FF" box="[997,1075,1649,1674]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA52EA0574ACCB3FF" box="[1090,1187,1649,1674]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA5C2A0574B7BB3FF" box="[1198,1300,1649,1674]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Scotland</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA444A0574B1CB3FF" box="[1320,1395,1649,1674]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA0B34DA9B3DB" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[199,966,1685,1710]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA0B34C90B3DB" author="Dunbar" box="[199,767,1685,1710]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1965) Chromosome inversions as blocks to genetic exchange leading to sympatric speciation in black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology, 1964. London, United Kingdom, pp. 268 - 269." type="proceedings paper" year="1965">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA046A0B34F0AB3DB" box="[298,357,1685,1710]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1965.0">1965</number>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA339A0B04CA6B3D8" box="[597,713,1686,1709]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA339A0B04CA6B3D8" box="[597,713,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘F’)
</bibRefCitation>
: [Europe, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA21FA0B34DAEB3DB" box="[883,961,1685,1710]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA09F4D97B3A7" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" box="[199,1016,1721,1746]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA09F4DF0B3A7" author="Dunbar" box="[199,927,1721,1746]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1966 b) Cytotaxonomic studies in black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). In: Darlington, C. D. &amp; Lewis, K. R. (Eds.), Chromosomes Today, Volume 1. Plenum Press, New York, pp. 179 - 181." type="book" year="1966" yearSuffix="b">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA046A09F4F0AB3A7" box="[298,357,1721,1746]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1966.0">1966</number>
b, chromosomal key; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA318A09C4C87B3A4" box="[628,744,1722,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA318A09C4C87B3A4" box="[628,744,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group [in part])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA2C6A09F4D97B3A7" box="[938,1016,1721,1746]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Britain</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA0FB4FC5B24B" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA0FB4DE2B26F" author="Leonhardt" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA021A0FB4FE7B383" box="[333,392,1757,1782]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1985.0">1985</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA015A1244F80B26C" box="[377,495,1794,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA015A1244F80B26C" box="[377,495,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA3B7A1244D3CB26C" box="[731,851,1794,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA3B7A1244D3CB26C" box="[731,851,1794,1817]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘F’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA2F1A1274D84B26F" box="[925,1003,1793,1818]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA292A1274A0FB26F" box="[1022,1120,1793,1818]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA503A1274ABBB26F" box="[1135,1236,1793,1818]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Scotland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA58FA1274B44B26F" box="[1251,1323,1793,1818]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Wales</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA42FA1274BF7B26F" box="[1347,1432,1793,1818]" name="Iceland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Iceland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA195A1004F3BB24B" box="[249,340,1830,1854]" name="Norway" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA033A1034FC5B24B" box="[351,426,1829,1854]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA16F4C07B2DF" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD26F1EA1ABA16F4D10B2F3" author="Leonhardt" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA020A16C4FE8B217" box="[332,391,1866,1890]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1987.0">1987</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA01AA1484F85B2F0" box="[374,490,1902,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA01AA1484F85B2F0" box="[374,490,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA3BCA1484D28B2F0" box="[720,839,1902,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA3BCA1484D28B2F0" box="[720,839,1902,1925]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘F’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA2E1A14B4DB4B2F3" box="[909,987,1901,1926]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA281A14B4A21B2F3" box="[1005,1102,1901,1926]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA530A14B4AAEB2F3" box="[1116,1217,1901,1926]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Scotland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA5A3A14B4B78B2F3" box="[1231,1303,1901,1926]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Wales</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA441A14B4BF7B2F3" box="[1325,1432,1901,1926]" name="Denmark" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Denmark</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA195A1B74F21B2DF" box="[249,334,1937,1962]" name="Iceland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Iceland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA035A1B74FC4B2DF" box="[345,427,1937,1962]" name="Ireland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ireland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA0DAA1B44C7EB2DF" box="[438,529,1938,1962]" name="Norway" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA371A1B74C07B2DF" box="[541,616,1937,1962]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD26F1EA1ABA1934A71B287" blockId="48.[151,1437,641,2034]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">
Leonhardt &amp; Feraday (
<number id="08502492FFD26F1EA0A6A1904C69B2BB" box="[458,518,1974,1998]" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, idiogram, male chiasmate meiosis, sex chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD26F1EA5FBA1904B63B2B8" box="[1175,1292,1974,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="48" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD26F1EA5FBA1904B63B2B8" box="[1175,1292,1974,1997]" italics="true" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘F’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA422A1934BF3B2BB" box="[1358,1436,1973,1998]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA06CA1FF4F0DB287" box="[256,354,2009,2034]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA001A1FF4FBDB287" box="[365,466,2009,2034]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Scotland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA0B1A1FF4C4AB287" box="[477,549,2009,2034]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Wales</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA354A1FF4CCCB287" box="[568,675,2009,2034]" name="Denmark" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Denmark</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA3C3A1FF4D6BB287" box="[687,772,2009,2034]" name="Iceland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Iceland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA263A1FF4D0EB287" box="[783,865,2009,2034]" name="Ireland" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Ireland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA200A1FC4DA8B287" box="[876,967,2010,2034]" name="Norway" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD26F1EA2BFA1FF4A71B287" box="[979,1054,2009,2034]" name="Russia" pageId="48" pageNumber="49">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA6B14D9BB5C5" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1012,151,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA6B14DCFB5C5" author="Chubareva" box="[199,928,151,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2000 b) Karyotypes of 17 species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) of the Murmansk region. In: Sokhranenie Biologicheskogo Raznoobraziya Fennoskandii [Conservation of Biological Diversity of Fennoscandia.] Mezhdunarodnaya Konferentsiya, 30 Marta - 2 Aprelya 2000 g. [International Conference, 30 March - 2 April 2000], Tezisy Dokladov [Abstracts]. Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, Petrozavodsk, Russia, p. 104. [In Russian.]" type="journal article" year="2000" yearSuffix="b">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0A4A6B14C6BB5C5" box="[456,516,151,176]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2000.0">2000</number>
b, note on general polytene features)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA2C5A6B14D9BB5C5" box="[937,1012,151,176]" name="Russia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA69A4B20B5A0" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1359,188,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA69A4A95B5A0" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1274,188,213]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2004">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0A4A69A4C6BB5A1" box="[456,516,188,212]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA468A69A4B20B5A0" box="[1284,1359,188,213]" name="Russia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA6F94A50B58D" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1087,223,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA6F94D83B58D" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1004,223,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0ADA6C64F94B58D" box="[449,507,224,248]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA29AA6F94A50B58D" box="[1014,1087,223,248]" name="Russia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1FBA7224F99B468" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,502,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA1FBA7224F99B468" authority="Carlsson" authorityName="Carlsson" box="[151,502,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="azorense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA1FBA7224F14B468" bold="true" box="[151,379,260,285]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Simulium azorense</emphasis>
(Carlsson)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA7014AFBB411" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA7014FE2B435" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,397,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA03EA7014FE2B435" box="[338,397,295,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA0CEA70E4FB3B435" author="Leonhardt" box="[418,476,296,320]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA08BA76B4C36B411" box="[487,601,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA08BA76B4C36B411" box="[487,601,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA25FA76B4DC8B411" box="[819,935,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA25FA76B4DC8B411" box="[819,935,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘J’ [in part]): Azores
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA7494AD4B4FD" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1211,367,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Leonhardt in 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA032A7494A0DB4FD" author="Crosskey" box="[350,1122,367,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Crosskey, R. W. (1986) The blackflies of the Azores archipelago (Diptera: Simuliidae). Entomologist's Gazette, 37, 101 - 115." type="journal article" year="1986">
Crosskey (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0B9A7494C7EB4FD" box="[469,529,367,392]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement)
</bibRefCitation>
: Azores
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1FBA7B24C2FB4D8" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,576,404,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA1FBA7B24C2FB4D8" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,576,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyantherum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA1FBA7B24FB2B4D8" bold="true" box="[151,477,404,429]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Simulium brachyantherum</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA7914C64B480" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA7914FF3B4A5" author="Chubareva" box="[199,412,439,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1977 c) Karyotypical characters of blackflies of the genus Chelocnetha End. bloodsucking on birds. Tsitologiya, 19, 1042 - 1047. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="1977" yearSuffix="c">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA038A79E4FE0B4A5" box="[340,399,440,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1977.0">1977</number>
c
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, notes on general polytene features and evolution of dichromosomic [
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA43CA79F4B31B4A5" box="[1360,1374,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">n</emphasis>
= 
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA4E8A79E4BFBB4A5" box="[1412,1428,440,464]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2.0">2</number>
] condition): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA0EDA7FA4C6AB480" box="[385,517,476,501]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA7D94A8CB76D" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1251,511,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA7D94A36B76D" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1113,511,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1979 a) Karyotypical characters of black-flies of the genus Eusimulium Roub. in relation to other genera of Eusimuliini Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Ekologicheskie i Morfologicheskie Osnovy Sistematiki Dvukrylykh Nasekomykh [Ecological and Morphological Principles of Diptera Systematics (Insecta).] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 111 - 113. [In Russian; full English translation In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.) (1985) Systematics of Diptera (Insecta): Ecological and Morphological Principles. Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, pp. 176 - 179. There are trivial differences in the title wording from the English title given in the original.]" type="book chapter" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA023A4264FE5B76D" box="[335,394,512,536]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1979.0">1979</number>
a, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA222A4274A7CB76D" box="[846,1043,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachianterum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA222A4274A7CB76D" box="[846,1043,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. brachianterum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA548A4274A2CB76D" box="[1060,1091,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">sic</emphasis>
])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA509A7D94A8CB76D" box="[1125,1251,511,536]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA4024B57B748" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1336,548,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA4024AA5B749" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1226,548,573]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0A5A4024C6AB749" box="[457,517,548,572]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, notes on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA2D7A4034AEAB748" box="[955,1157,548,573]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyanterum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA2D7A4034AEAB748" box="[955,1157,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. brachyanterum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA5FAA4034ADAB749" box="[1174,1205,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">sic</emphasis>
])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA5BAA4024B57B748" box="[1238,1336,548,573]" name="Armenia" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Armenia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA4614C4BB7F0" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA4614FF3B7F0" author="Chubareva" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1980 a) Karyotypical features and taxonomic position of the genus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae). Genetica, 52 / 53, 57 - 61." type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA034A46E4FFCB715" box="[344,403,584,608]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1980.0">1980</number>
a, description, partial comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA203A46E4D87B715" box="[879,1000,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reginae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA203A46E4D87B715" box="[879,1000,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. reginae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photos of metaphase and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA0CAA44A4C4BB7F0" box="[422,548,620,645]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA4A94A4AB7DD" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1061,655,680]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0A4A4B64C6BB7DD" box="[456,516,656,680]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA2CBA4A94A4AB7DD" box="[935,1061,655,680]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA4924B5AB7B8" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1333,692,717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA4924AC0B7B8" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1199,692,717]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0ADA4924F94B7B9" box="[449,507,692,716]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA5D6A4924B5AB7B8" box="[1210,1333,692,717]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1FBA4F14C7BB785" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,532,727,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA1FBA4F14C7BB785" authority="Coquillett" authorityName="Coquillett" box="[151,532,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bracteatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA1FBA4F14FF2B785" bold="true" box="[151,413,727,752]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Simulium bracteatum</emphasis>
Coquillett
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA4DA4F10B6F5" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA4DA4F1DB660" author="Dunbar" box="[199,370,764,789]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1958 a) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 53 pp." type="book" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA046A4DA4F0AB660" box="[298,357,764,789]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1958.0">1958</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA012A4DA4FA8B660" author="Dunbar" box="[382,455,764,789]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1958 b) The salivary gland chromosomes of two sibling species of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 36, 23 - 44." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="b">
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA012A4DA4FD7B660" box="[382,440,764,789]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1958.0">1958</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; chosen as standard banding sequence for 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA50AA4DB4AB8B661" box="[1126,1239,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA50AA4DB4AB8B661" box="[1126,1239,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group; idiogram; inversions mapped; origin of dichromosomic [
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA27AA5074D4BB64D" box="[790,804,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">n</emphasis>
= 
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA226A5064D35B64D" box="[842,858,800,824]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2.0">2</number>
] condition; photos of metaphase complement, all arms, and selected polymorphisms; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA212A5634D9FB629" box="[894,1008,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA212A5634D9FB629" box="[894,1008,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA5A1A5634B50B629" box="[1229,1343,837,860]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA5A1A5634B50B629" box="[1229,1343,837,860]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sibling A’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA047A5414F10B6F5" box="[299,383,871,896]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA5AA4A54B6BD" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA5AA4DB3B6BD" author="Dunbar" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 495 - 525. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 058" type="journal article" year="1959">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA058A5AA4F1FB6D0" box="[308,368,908,933]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1959.0">1959</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of partial IIS, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA08BA5964C36B6BD" box="[487,601,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA08BA5964C36B6BD" box="[487,601,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA25FA5964DCBB6BD" box="[819,932,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA25FA5964DCBB6BD" box="[819,932,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA28BA5894A54B6BD" box="[999,1083,943,968]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA5F24F21B165" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA5F24BF7B699" author="Dunbar" box="[199,1432,980,1005]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA041A5F24F06B698" box="[301,361,980,1005]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1962.0">1962</number>
, chromosomal key, description, idiogram, photo of polytene complement; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA58AA5F34B32B699" box="[1254,1373,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA58AA5F34B32B699" box="[1254,1373,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA195A5D14F21B165" box="[249,334,1015,1040]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA23A4D1DB140" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,882,1052,1077]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA23A4D6EB141" author="Dunbar" box="[199,769,1052,1077]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1965) Chromosome inversions as blocks to genetic exchange leading to sympatric speciation in black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology, 1964. London, United Kingdom, pp. 268 - 269." type="proceedings paper" year="1965">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA046A23A4F0AB140" box="[298,357,1052,1077]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1965.0">1965</number>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA339A23B4CA6B141" box="[597,713,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA339A23B4CA6B141" box="[597,713,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A’)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA27FA23A4D03B140" box="[787,876,1052,1077]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA2194A55B12D" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1082,1087,1112]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA2194DB4B12D" author="Rothfels" box="[199,987,1087,1112]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Mason, G. F. (1975) Achiasmate meiosis and centromere shift in Eusimulium aureum (Diptera-Simuliidae). Chromosoma, 51, 111 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00319829" type="journal article" year="1975">
Rothfels &amp; Mason (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0C9A2194F8FB12D" box="[421,480,1087,1112]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1975.0">1975</number>
, male achiasmate meiosis; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA243A2674DCCB12D" box="[815,931,1089,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA243A2674DCCB12D" box="[815,931,1089,1112]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA28AA2194A55B12D" box="[998,1082,1087,1112]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA2424AEBB1D5" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA2424FE4B108" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,395,1124,1149]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA03CA2424FE4B108" box="[336,395,1124,1149]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA0F1A2424FB8B109" author="Leonhardt" box="[413,471,1124,1148]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male achiasmate meioisis, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA08BA2AE4C36B1D5" box="[487,601,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA08BA2AE4C36B1D5" box="[487,601,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA25FA2AF4DC8B1D5" box="[819,935,1161,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA25FA2AF4DC8B1D5" box="[819,935,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA286A2A14A2EB1D5" box="[1002,1089,1159,1184]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA520A2AE4AEBB1D5" box="[1100,1156,1160,1184]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA28A4A00B1B1" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1135,1196,1221]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA28A4A43B1B1" author="Adler" box="[199,1068,1196,1221]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler &amp; Kim (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA007A28A4FC8B1B0" box="[363,423,1196,1221]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, chromosomal characters in larval key; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA2EFA28B4D9BB1B1" box="[899,1012,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA2EFA28B4D9BB1B1" box="[899,1012,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA55BA28A4A00B1B1" box="[1079,1135,1196,1220]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA2E94FFCB079" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Leonhardt &amp; Feraday (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0BEA2F64C61B19D" box="[466,526,1232,1256]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, notes on male achiasmate meiosis and sex chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA589A2F74B32B19D" box="[1253,1373,1233,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA589A2F74B32B19D" box="[1253,1373,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA195A2D24F3FB078" box="[249,336,1268,1293]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA037A2D24FFCB079" box="[347,403,1268,1292]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA3314A13B045" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1148,1303,1328]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA3314C63B045" author="Adler" box="[199,524,1303,1328]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA078A3314C63B045" author="Currie" box="[276,524,1303,1328]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0BCA33E4C63B045" box="[464,524,1304,1328]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA570A3314A13B045" box="[1052,1148,1303,1328]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1FBA31A4B56B0E9" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA1FBA31A4FBFB020" authority="Varg" authorityName="Varg" box="[151,464,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donovani">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA1FBA31A4FEEB020" bold="true" box="[151,385,1340,1365]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Simulium donovani</emphasis>
Vargas
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA3794F1BB00D" author="Dunbar" box="[199,372,1375,1400]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1958 a) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 53 pp." type="book" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA047A3794F09B00D" box="[299,358,1375,1400]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1958.0">1958</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA0ECA3794FD4B00D" author="Dunbar" box="[384,443,1375,1400]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 495 - 525. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 058" type="journal article" year="1959">
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0ECA3794FD4B00D" box="[384,443,1375,1400]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1959.0">1959</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI, IS, and 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA195A3A34F7BB0E9" box="[249,276,1413,1436]" name="Iceland" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">IL</collectingCountry>
with polymorphisms; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA393A3A34D1FB0E9" box="[767,880,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA393A3A34D1FB0E9" box="[767,880,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA527A3A34AD4B0E9" box="[1099,1211,1413,1436]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA527A3A34AD4B0E9" box="[1099,1211,1413,1436]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘G’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA46DA3A24B56B0E9" box="[1281,1337,1412,1436]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA3814D35B0B5" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,858,1447,1472]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA3814D6BB0B5" author="Dunbar" box="[199,772,1447,1472]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1965) Chromosome inversions as blocks to genetic exchange leading to sympatric speciation in black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology, 1964. London, United Kingdom, pp. 268 - 269." type="proceedings paper" year="1965">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA046A3814F0AB0B5" box="[298,357,1447,1472]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1965.0">1965</number>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA339A38F4CA6B0B5" box="[597,713,1449,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA339A38F4CA6B0B5" box="[597,713,1449,1472]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘G’)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA27AA38E4D3CB0B5" box="[790,851,1448,1472]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA3EA4C92B359" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA3EA4FE9B090" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,390,1484,1509]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA027A3EA4FE9B090" box="[331,390,1484,1509]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA0FFA3EA4FA1B091" author="Leonhardt" box="[403,462,1484,1508]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawing of sex chromosomes, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photos of partial IS and sex chromosomes, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA58FA3D64B3BB37D" box="[1251,1364,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA58FA3D64B3BB37D" box="[1251,1364,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA0E9A0334F96B359" box="[389,505,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA0E9A0334F96B359" box="[389,505,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘G’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA352A0324CD5B358" box="[574,698,1556,1581]" name="Guatemala" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA3A9A0324C92B359" box="[709,765,1556,1580]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA0114FD7B301" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
Leonhardt &amp; Feraday (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0B0A01E4C77B325" box="[476,536,1592,1616]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, idiogram, male chiasmate meiosis, sex chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA5B7A01F4B39B325" box="[1243,1366,1593,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA5B7A01F4B39B325" box="[1243,1366,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘G’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA195A07A4F1AB300" box="[249,373,1628,1653]" name="Guatemala" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA0ECA07A4FD7B301" box="[384,440,1628,1652]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA0594A13B3ED" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1148,1663,1688]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA0594C63B3ED" author="Adler" box="[199,524,1663,1688]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA078A0594C63B3ED" author="Currie" box="[276,524,1663,1688]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0BCA0A64C63B3ED" box="[464,524,1664,1688]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA570A0594A13B3ED" box="[1052,1148,1663,1688]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1FBA0824CACB3C9" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,707,1700,1725]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA1FBA0824CACB3C9" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood 2004" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,707,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exulatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA1FBA0824FECB3C8" bold="true" box="[151,387,1700,1725]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Simulium exulatum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA0E6A0824CACB3C9" author="Adler" box="[394,707,1700,1725]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood 
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA3E7A0824CACB3C9" box="[651,707,1700,1724]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA0E14B31B270" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA0E14F1BB395" author="Dunbar" box="[199,372,1735,1760]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1958 a) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 53 pp." type="book" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA040A0E14F08B395" box="[300,359,1735,1760]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1958.0">1958</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA0EEA0E14FD2B395" author="Dunbar" box="[386,445,1735,1760]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 495 - 525. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 058" type="journal article" year="1959">
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0EEA0E14FD2B395" box="[386,445,1735,1760]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1959.0">1959</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI, IS, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA417A0EE4BF7B3AA" box="[1403,1432,1736,1759]" name="Iceland" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">IL</collectingCountry>
, and secondary nucleolus; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA266A0CB4D15B271" box="[778,890,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA266A0CB4D15B271" box="[778,890,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA539A0CB4AA9B271" box="[1109,1222,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA539A0CB4AA9B271" box="[1109,1222,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘C’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA466A0CA4B31B270" box="[1290,1374,1772,1797]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA1294FFCB239" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA1294BF7B25D" author="Dunbar" box="[199,1432,1807,1832]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA041A1294F06B25D" box="[301,361,1807,1832]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1962.0">1962</number>
, chromosomal key, description, idiogram, photo of polytene complement, as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA589A1374B33B25D" box="[1253,1372,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA589A1374B33B25D" box="[1253,1372,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘C’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA195A1124F3FB238" box="[249,336,1844,1869]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA037A1124FFCB239" box="[347,403,1844,1868]" name="United States of America" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA1714D1BB205" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,884,1879,1904]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA1714D6DB205" author="Dunbar" box="[199,770,1879,1904]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1965) Chromosome inversions as blocks to genetic exchange leading to sympatric speciation in black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology, 1964. London, United Kingdom, pp. 268 - 269." type="proceedings paper" year="1965">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA046A1714F0AB205" box="[298,357,1879,1904]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1965.0">1965</number>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA339A17F4CA6B205" box="[597,713,1881,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA339A17F4CA6B205" box="[597,713,1881,1904]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘C’)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA278A1714D02B205" box="[788,877,1879,1904]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD36F1FA1ABA15A4F8AB2A8" blockId="49.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD36F1FA1ABA15A4FE9B2A9" author="Rothfels" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Mason, G. F. (1975) Achiasmate meiosis and centromere shift in Eusimulium aureum (Diptera-Simuliidae). Chromosoma, 51, 111 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00319829" type="journal article" year="1975">
Rothfels &amp; Mason (
<number id="08502492FFD36F1FA0C3A15A4F85B2E0" box="[431,490,1916,1941]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="1975.0">1975</number>
, centromere shift; drawing of centromere shift; idiogram; linked inversions; male achiasmate meiosis; photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA33FA1874C02B2CD" box="[595,621,1953,1976]" name="Iceland" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">IL</collectingCountry>
end, IIS arm and centromere region, and selected polymorphisms; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD36F1FA4E8A1874F21B2A9" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD36F1FA4E8A1874F21B2A9" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘C’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD36F1FA0FDA1E24F8AB2A8" box="[401,485,1988,2013]" name="Canada" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA6B14D70B5A1" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA6B14FEBB5C5" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,388,151,176]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA025A6B14FEBB5C5" box="[329,388,151,176]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA0FCA6BE4FA4B5C5" author="Leonhardt" box="[400,459,152,176]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA440A6BE4BF3B5C5" box="[1324,1436,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA440A6BE4BF3B5C5" box="[1324,1436,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA0A1A69B4C2EB5A1" box="[461,577,189,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA0A1A69B4C2EB5A1" box="[461,577,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘C’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA3E9A69A4CB3B5A0" box="[645,732,188,213]" name="Canada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA38BA69A4D70B5A1" box="[743,799,188,212]" name="United States of America" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA6F94A13B58D" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1148,223,248]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA6F94C63B58D" author="Adler" box="[199,524,223,248]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA078A6F94C63B58D" author="Currie" box="[276,524,223,248]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0BCA6C64C63B58D" box="[464,524,224,248]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA570A6F94A13B58D" box="[1052,1148,223,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1FBA7224FA8B468" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,455,260,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA1FBA7224FA8B468" authority="Becker" authorityName="Becker" box="[151,455,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guimari">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA1FBA7224F1DB468" bold="true" box="[151,370,260,285]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Simulium guimari</emphasis>
Becker
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA7014AF7B410" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA7014FE2B435" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,397,295,320]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA03EA7014FE2B435" box="[338,397,295,320]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA0CEA70E4FB3B435" author="Leonhardt" box="[418,476,296,320]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA08BA76B4C36B411" box="[487,601,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA08BA76B4C36B411" box="[487,601,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA25FA76B4DC8B411" box="[819,935,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA25FA76B4DC8B411" box="[819,935,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘M’): Canary Islands
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA7494F26B4D8" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Adler in 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA058A7494B52B4FD" author="Crosskey" box="[308,1341,367,392]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Crosskey, R. W. &amp; Baez, M. (2004) A synopsis of present knowledge of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Canary Islands, including keys to the larval and pupal stages. Journal of Natural History, 38, 2085 - 2117. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293032000140958" type="journal article" year="2004">
Crosskey &amp; Báez (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA378A7564C3FB4FD" box="[532,592,368,392]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, diagnostic inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement)
</bibRefCitation>
: Canary Islands
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1FBA7914C51B4A5" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,574,439,464]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA1FBA7914C51B4A5" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,574,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kazahstanicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA1FBA7914FA8B4A5" bold="true" box="[151,455,439,464]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Simulium kazahstanicum</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA7FA4AE5B480" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1162,476,501]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Ismagulov (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA025A7FA4FECB481" box="[329,387,476,500]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1993.0">1993</number>
, notes on general polytene features [only abstract seen]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA56BA7FA4AE5B480" box="[1031,1162,476,501]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA7D94A45B76D" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1066,511,536]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0A4A4264C6BB76D" box="[456,516,512,536]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA2CBA7D94A45B76D" box="[935,1066,511,536]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA4024B34B748" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1371,548,573]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA4024AA1B748" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1230,548,573]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0A4A4024C6BB749" box="[456,516,548,572]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA5B4A4024B34B748" box="[1240,1371,548,573]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA4614F17B7F0" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA4614BF6B715" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1433,583,608]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2009 b) Karyotypes of rare and little-known species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae). Acta Zoologica Lituanica, 19, 244 - 246." type="journal article" year="2009" yearSuffix="b">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0BEA4614C63B715" box="[466,524,583,608]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2009.0">2009</number>
b, description, low-magnification photos of mitotic and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA195A44A4F17B7F0" box="[249,376,620,645]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1FBA4A94F98B7DD" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,503,655,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA1FBA4A94F98B7DD" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,503,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="krymense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA1FBA4A94FE9B7DD" bold="true" box="[151,390,655,680]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Simulium krymense</emphasis>
(Rubtsov)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA4924BF2B7B8" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1437,692,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA4924AA3B7B8" author="Chubareva" box="[199,1228,692,717]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0A4A4924C6BB7B9" box="[456,516,692,716]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA5BAA4924B5FB7B8" box="[1238,1328,692,717]" name="Ukraine" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Ukraine</collectingCountry>
(Crimea)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1FBA4F14C38B785" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,599,727,752]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA1FBA4F14C38B785" authority="Giudicelli &amp; Bouzidi" authorityName="Giudicelli &amp; Bouzidi" box="[151,599,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mellah">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA1FBA4F14F0BB785" bold="true" box="[151,356,727,752]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Simulium mellah</emphasis>
Giudicelli &amp; Bouzidi
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA4DA4B49B642" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui &amp; Belqat (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA386A4DA4D49B660" box="[746,806,764,789]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2015.0">2015</number>
, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, photo of partial IS, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA245A5064DF6B64D" box="[809,921,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA245A5064DF6B64D" box="[809,921,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA533A5394AD9B64D" box="[1119,1206,799,824]" name="Algeria" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Algeria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA5ADA5064B49B642" box="[1217,1318,800,823]" name="Morocco" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Morocco</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1FBA5624C6EB628" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,513,836,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA1FBA5624C6EB628" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,513,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paucicuspis">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA1FBA5624FF1B628" bold="true" box="[151,414,836,861]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Simulium paucicuspis</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA5414F08B6D0" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA5414C74B6F5" author="Chubareva" box="[199,539,871,896]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0B3A54E4C74B6F5" box="[479,539,872,896]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1979.2003">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA195A5AA4F08B6D0" box="[249,359,908,933]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA5894F08B698" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA30EA5964CF1B6BD" box="[610,670,944,968]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA195A5F24F08B698" box="[249,359,980,1005]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA5D14FA6B140" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA5D14F3AB140" author="Chubareva" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0ACA5DE4F95B165" box="[448,506,1016,1040]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA032A23A4FA6B140" box="[350,457,1052,1077]" name="Tajikistan" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Tajikistan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1FBA2194C43B12D" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,556,1087,1112]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA1FBA2194FFAB12D" bold="true" box="[151,405,1087,1112]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA1FBA2194F63B12D" box="[151,268,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
petricolum
</emphasis>
(Rivosecchi)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA2424D99B108" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1014,1124,1149]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA2424C95B109" author="Dunbar" box="[199,762,1124,1149]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1965) Chromosome inversions as blocks to genetic exchange leading to sympatric speciation in black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology, 1964. London, United Kingdom, pp. 268 - 269." type="proceedings paper" year="1965">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA046A2424F0AB108" box="[298,357,1124,1149]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1965.0">1965</number>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA339A2434CA6B109" box="[597,713,1125,1148]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA339A2434CA6B109" box="[597,713,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘J’)
</bibRefCitation>
: (country unspecified)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA2A14F92B19D" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA2A14A9DB1B1" author="Leonhardt" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA022A2A14FE6B1D5" box="[334,393,1159,1184]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1985.0">1985</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IS, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA318A28B4C85B1B1" box="[628,746,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA318A28B4C85B1B1" box="[628,746,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA2B4A28B4A3EB1B1" box="[984,1105,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA2B4A28B4A3EB1B1" box="[984,1105,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘J’ [in part])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA46DA28A4B3CB1B1" box="[1281,1363,1196,1220]" name="Greece" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Greece</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA40FA28A4BF8B1B0" box="[1379,1431,1196,1221]" name="Italy" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Madeira, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA008A2E94FDEB19D" box="[356,433,1231,1256]" name="Russia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Russia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA0D1A2E94F92B19D" box="[445,509,1231,1256]" name="Spain" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Spain</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA2D24F92B020" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA2D24AF4B045" author="Leonhardt" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA027A2D24FE9B079" box="[331,390,1268,1292]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1987.0">1987</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of IS partial, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA32CA33E4CDDB045" box="[576,690,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA32CA33E4CDDB045" box="[576,690,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA2FDA33F4A69B045" box="[913,1030,1305,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA2FDA33F4A69B045" box="[913,1030,1305,1328]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘J’ [in part])
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA5CBA33E4A96B045" box="[1191,1273,1304,1328]" name="Greece" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Greece</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA469A3314B38B045" box="[1285,1367,1303,1328]" name="Ireland" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Ireland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA408A3314BF7B045" box="[1380,1432,1303,1328]" name="Italy" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Italy</collectingCountry>
, Madeira, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA008A31A4FDEB020" box="[356,433,1340,1365]" name="Russia" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Russia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA0D1A31A4F92B020" box="[445,509,1340,1365]" name="Spain" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Spain</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA3794AEAB00D" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1157,1375,1400]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA059A3464F1FB00D" box="[309,368,1376,1400]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1988.0">1988</number>
, notes on mimic inversions, photo of partial IS): (country unspecified)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA3A34B4BB0E8" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1316,1412,1437]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA3A34C60B0E9" author="Day" box="[199,527,1412,1437]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Day, J. C., Mustapha, M. &amp; Post, R. J. (2010) The subgenus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium) in Britain. Aquatic Insects, 32, 281 - 292." type="journal article" year="2010">
Day, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA06EA3A24C60B0E9" author="Mustapha" box="[258,527,1412,1437]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Day, J. C., Mustapha, M. &amp; Post, R. J. (2010) The subgenus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae: Simulium) in Britain. Aquatic Insects, 32, 281 - 292." type="journal article" year="2010">
Mustapha &amp; Post (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0BFA3A24C60B0E9" box="[467,527,1412,1436]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2010.0">2010</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, low-magnification photo of polytene complement): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA50CA3A24AC1B0E8" box="[1120,1198,1412,1437]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA5D0A3A24B72B0E8" box="[1212,1309,1412,1437]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA3814D85B091" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui &amp; Belqat (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA387A3814D48B0B5" box="[747,807,1447,1472]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2015.0">2015</number>
, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA322A3EB4CD0B091" box="[590,703,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA322A3EB4CD0B091" box="[590,703,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA2E9A3EB4D85B091" box="[901,1002,1485,1508]" name="Morocco" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Morocco</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1FBA3C94C22B372" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,589,1519,1544]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA1FBA3C94C22B372" authority="Knowlton &amp; Rowe" authorityName="Knowlton &amp; Rowe" box="[151,589,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA1FBA3C94F1EB37D" bold="true" box="[151,369,1519,1544]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Simulium pilosum</emphasis>
Knowlton &amp; Rowe
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA0324D45B300" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA0324F17B358" author="Dunbar" box="[199,376,1556,1581]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1958 a) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 53 pp." type="book" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA05CA0324F04B358" box="[304,363,1556,1581]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1958.0">1958</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA0E6A0324FBCB358" author="Dunbar" box="[394,467,1556,1581]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1958 b) The salivary gland chromosomes of two sibling species of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 36, 23 - 44." type="journal article" year="1958" yearSuffix="b">
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0E6A0324FABB358" box="[394,452,1556,1581]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1958.0">1958</number>
b
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, origin of dichromosomic [
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA420A0334B35B359" box="[1356,1370,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">n</emphasis>
= 
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA4E8A0324BFBB359" box="[1412,1428,1556,1580]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="2.0">2</number>
] condition, photos of metaphase and polytene complements and all arms, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA446A01E4BF3B325" box="[1322,1436,1592,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA446A01E4BF3B325" box="[1322,1436,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA0A1A07B4C51B301" box="[461,574,1629,1652]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA0A1A07B4C51B301" box="[461,574,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sibling B’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA3B9A07A4D45B300" box="[725,810,1628,1653]" name="Canada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA0594BF3B3C8" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA0594B52B3C9" author="Dunbar" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 495 - 525. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 058" type="journal article" year="1959">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA047A0594F08B3ED" box="[299,359,1663,1688]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1959.0">1959</number>
, characterization; cytodendrogram; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of CI, partial IIS, and ectopic pairing of centromeres; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA226A0834DD5B3C9" box="[842,954,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA226A0834DD5B3C9" box="[842,954,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA5F8A0834B6AB3C9" box="[1172,1285,1701,1724]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA5F8A0834B6AB3C9" box="[1172,1285,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘B’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA424A0824BF3B3C8" box="[1352,1436,1700,1725]" name="Canada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA0E14FFCB271" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA0E14BF8B395" author="Dunbar" box="[199,1431,1735,1760]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA041A0E14F06B395" box="[301,361,1735,1760]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1962.0">1962</number>
, chromosomal key, description, idiogram, photo of polytene complement; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA589A0EF4B33B395" box="[1253,1372,1737,1760]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA589A0EF4B33B395" box="[1253,1372,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘B’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA195A0CA4F3FB270" box="[249,336,1772,1797]" name="Canada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA037A0CA4FFCB271" box="[347,403,1772,1796]" name="United States of America" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA1294D1BB25D" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,884,1807,1832]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA1294D6DB25D" author="Dunbar" box="[199,770,1807,1832]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1965) Chromosome inversions as blocks to genetic exchange leading to sympatric speciation in black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology, 1964. London, United Kingdom, pp. 268 - 269." type="proceedings paper" year="1965">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA046A1294F0AB25D" box="[298,357,1807,1832]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1965.0">1965</number>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA339A1374CA6B25D" box="[597,713,1809,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA339A1374CA6B25D" box="[597,713,1809,1832]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘B’)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA278A1294D02B25D" box="[788,877,1807,1832]" name="Canada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Canada</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA1124A54B238" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1083,1844,1869]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA1124DB3B239" author="Rothfels" box="[199,988,1844,1869]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Mason, G. F. (1975) Achiasmate meiosis and centromere shift in Eusimulium aureum (Diptera-Simuliidae). Chromosoma, 51, 111 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00319829" type="journal article" year="1975">
Rothfels &amp; Mason (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0C9A1124F8FB238" box="[421,480,1844,1869]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1975.0">1975</number>
, male achiasmate meiosis; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA243A1134DCCB239" box="[815,931,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA243A1134DCCB239" box="[815,931,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘B’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA28BA1124A54B238" box="[999,1083,1844,1869]" name="Canada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA1714AEAB2E1" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA1714FE4B205" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,395,1879,1904]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA03CA1714FE4B205" box="[336,395,1879,1904]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA0F3A17E4FB5B205" author="Leonhardt" box="[415,474,1880,1904]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male achiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA08BA15B4C36B2E1" box="[487,601,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA08BA15B4C36B2E1" box="[487,601,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA25FA15B4DC8B2E1" box="[819,935,1917,1940]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA25FA15B4DC8B2E1" box="[819,935,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘B’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA287A15A4A2DB2E0" box="[1003,1090,1916,1941]" name="Canada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA521A15A4AEAB2E1" box="[1101,1157,1916,1940]" name="United States of America" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA1864A9BB2CC" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1268,1952,1977]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
Leonhardt &amp; Feraday (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA0ABA1864C6CB2CD" box="[455,515,1952,1976]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, notes on male achiasmate meiosis and sex chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA5CCA1864A9BB2CC" box="[1184,1268,1952,1977]" name="Canada" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD06F1CA1ABA1E24A1FB2A9" blockId="50.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1136,1988,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD06F1CA1ABA1E24A42B2A9" author="Adler" box="[199,1069,1988,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler &amp; Kim (
<number id="08502492FFD06F1CA007A1E24FC8B2A8" box="[363,423,1988,2013]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, chromosomal characters in larval key; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD06F1CA2EFA1E34D9BB2A9" box="[899,1012,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD06F1CA2EFA1E34D9BB2A9" box="[899,1012,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘B’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD06F1CA554A1E24A1FB2A9" box="[1080,1136,1988,2012]" name="United States of America" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA6B14ADCB5C5" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1203,151,176]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Currie &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA0EDA6B14FD2B5C5" box="[385,445,151,176]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, notes on sex chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA24EA6BE4DFCB5C5" box="[802,915,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA24EA6BE4DFCB5C5" box="[802,915,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytospecies B’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA533A6B14ADCB5C5" box="[1119,1203,151,176]" name="Canada" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA69A4C38B58D" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA69A4C7CB5A1" author="Adler" box="[199,531,188,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA079A69A4C7CB5A1" author="Currie" box="[277,531,188,213]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA0BBA69A4C7CB5A1" box="[471,531,188,212]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, notes on geographic variation, photo of polytene complement): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA36FA6F94C38B58D" box="[515,599,223,248]" name="Canada" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1FBA7224FB2B468" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,477,260,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA1FBA7224FB2B468" authority="Terteryan" authorityName="Terteryan" box="[151,477,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reginae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA1FBA7224F04B468" bold="true" box="[151,363,260,285]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Simulium reginae</emphasis>
Terteryan
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA7014DFCB435" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,915,295,320]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA7014D5FB435" author="Chubareva" box="[199,816,295,320]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1979 a) Karyotypical characters of black-flies of the genus Eusimulium Roub. in relation to other genera of Eusimuliini Rubz. (Diptera, Simuliidae). In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Ekologicheskie i Morfologicheskie Osnovy Sistematiki Dvukrylykh Nasekomykh [Ecological and Morphological Principles of Diptera Systematics (Insecta).] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 111 - 113. [In Russian; full English translation In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.) (1985) Systematics of Diptera (Insecta): Ecological and Morphological Principles. Amerind Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India, pp. 176 - 179. There are trivial differences in the title wording from the English title given in the original.]" type="book chapter" year="1979" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA023A70E4FE5B435" box="[335,394,296,320]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1979.0">1979</number>
a, notes on general polytene features)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA255A7014DFCB435" box="[825,915,295,320]" name="Georgia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Georgia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA76A4BF3B410" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1436,332,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA76A4C6CB411" author="Chubareva" box="[199,515,332,357]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (1979) Basic characteristics of blackfly karyotypes (Diptera, Simuliidae) in the world fauna. In: Skarlato, O. A. (Ed.), Kariosistematika Bespozvonochnykh Zhivotnykh [Karyosystematics of the Invertebrate Animals.] Akademiya Nauk SSSR, Leningrad [St. Petersburg,] Russia, pp. 58 - 95. [In Russian.]" type="book chapter" year="1979">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA0ABA76A4C6CB411" box="[455,515,332,356]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1979.2003">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA42EA76A4BF3B410" box="[1346,1436,332,357]" name="Georgia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Georgia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA7494A24B4D8" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA7494D88B4D8" author="Chubareva" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Chubareva, L. A. (1980 a) Karyotypical features and taxonomic position of the genus Eusimulium (Diptera: Simuliidae). Genetica, 52 / 53, 57 - 61." type="journal article" year="1980" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA031A7564FF7B4FD" box="[349,408,368,392]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1980.0">1980</number>
a, description, partial comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA2E3A7564A5EB4FD" box="[911,1073,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angustipes">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA2E3A7564A5EB4FD" box="[911,1073,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. angustipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA516A7574B43B4FD" box="[1146,1324,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Eusimulium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="securiforme">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA516A7574B43B4FD" box="[1146,1324,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E. securiforme</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
] and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA4EBA7564FDDB4D8" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brachyantherum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA4EBA7564FDDB4D8" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. brachyantherum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photos of metaphase and polytene complements)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA29DA7B24A24B4D8" box="[1009,1099,404,429]" name="Georgia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Georgia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA7914FACB480" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Kachvoryan, Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA30EA79E4CF1B4A5" box="[610,670,440,464]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA195A7FA4F31B480" box="[249,350,476,501]" name="Armenia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Armenia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA005A7FA4FACB480" box="[361,451,476,501]" name="Georgia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Georgia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA7D94CACB748" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA7D94F80B748" author="Chubareva" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA08AA4264C4DB76D" box="[486,546,512,536]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA095A4024C31B748" box="[505,606,548,573]" name="Armenia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Armenia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA305A4024CACB748" box="[617,707,548,573]" name="Georgia" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Georgia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1FBA4614C47B715" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,552,583,608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA1FBA4614C47B715" authority="Sherban" authorityName="Sherban" box="[151,552,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubzovianum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA1FBA4614FDCB715" bold="true" box="[151,435,583,608]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Simulium rubzovianum</emphasis>
(Sherban)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA44A4D9BB7F0" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1012,620,645]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA44A4C96B7F1" author="Dunbar" box="[199,761,620,645]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1965) Chromosome inversions as blocks to genetic exchange leading to sympatric speciation in black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology, 1964. London, United Kingdom, pp. 268 - 269." type="proceedings paper" year="1965">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA046A44A4F0AB7F0" box="[298,357,620,645]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1965.0">1965</number>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA339A44B4CA6B7F1" box="[597,713,621,644]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA339A44B4CA6B7F1" box="[597,713,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘I’)
</bibRefCitation>
: (country unspecified)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA4A94F2BB785" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA4A94A35B7B9" author="Leonhardt" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA022A4A94FE6B7DD" box="[334,393,655,680]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1985.0">1985</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IS, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA30FA4934CBBB7B9" box="[611,724,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA30FA4934CBBB7B9" box="[611,724,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA2D9A4934A45B7B9" box="[949,1066,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA2D9A4934A45B7B9" box="[949,1066,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘I’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA50BA4924ADAB7B8" box="[1127,1205,692,717]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA5A9A4924B49B7B8" box="[1221,1318,692,717]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA45FA4924BF7B7B8" box="[1331,1432,692,717]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Scotland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA195A4F14F52B785" box="[249,317,727,752]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Wales</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA4DA4FD3B629" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA4DA4A35B64D" author="Leonhardt" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA022A4DA4FE6B661" box="[334,393,764,788]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1987.0">1987</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IS, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA30FA5064CBBB64D" box="[611,724,800,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA30FA5064CBBB64D" box="[611,724,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA2D9A5074A45B64D" box="[949,1066,801,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA2D9A5074A45B64D" box="[949,1066,801,824]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘I’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA50BA5394ADAB64D" box="[1127,1205,799,824]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA5A9A5394B49B64D" box="[1221,1318,799,824]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">England</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA45FA5394BF7B64D" box="[1331,1432,799,824]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Scotland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA195A5624F2EB628" box="[249,321,836,861]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Wales</collectingCountry>
), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA038A5624FD3B629" box="[340,444,836,860]" name="Germany" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA5414F31B6D0" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Dunbar in Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA0D8A54E4F9FB6F5" box="[436,496,872,896]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, notes on chromosomal distinction from 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA2A4A54E4A54B6F5" box="[968,1083,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA2A4A54E4A54B6F5" box="[968,1083,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘K’; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA5F1A54E4B7FB6F5" box="[1181,1296,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA5F1A54E4B7FB6F5" box="[1181,1296,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sibling I’]: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA195A5AA4F31B6D0" box="[249,350,908,933]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA5894A61B140" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui &amp; Belqat (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA386A5894D49B6BD" box="[746,806,943,968]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2015.0">2015</number>
, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, photos of IS [partial] and sex chromosomes, recognition of ‘Cytoform 
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA5FAA5F24AC7B699" box="[1174,1192,980,1004]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="4.0">4</number>
’ as probable species, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA092A5DE4C19B165" box="[510,630,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA092A5DE4C19B165" box="[510,630,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA202A5DE4AF0B165" authority="Cytospecies" authorityName="Cytospecies" box="[878,1183,1015,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA202A5DE4A6EB165" box="[878,1025,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. velutinum</emphasis>
‘Cytospecies
</taxonomicName>
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA5C1A5DE4AD2B165" box="[1197,1213,1016,1040]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1.0">1</number>
’ and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA466A5DE4F00B140" authority="Cytoform" authorityName="Cytoform" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA466A5DE4BF4B165" box="[1290,1435,1015,1040]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. velutinum</emphasis>
‘Cytoform
</taxonomicName>
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA01AA23A4FE6B141" box="[374,393,1052,1076]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="4.0">4</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA0C9A23A4F93B140" box="[421,508,1052,1077]" name="Algeria" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Algeria</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA36BA23A4C30B140" box="[519,607,1052,1077]" name="Finland" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Finland</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA307A23B4CF4B141" box="[619,667,1053,1076]" name="Iran" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Iran</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA3CAA23A4CB5B140" box="[678,730,1052,1077]" name="Italy" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Italy</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA389A23B4D22B141" box="[741,845,1053,1076]" name="Morocco" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Morocco</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA235A23A4DDAB140" box="[857,949,1052,1077]" name="Sweden" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Sweden</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA2D3A23A4A61B140" box="[959,1038,1052,1077]" name="Turkey" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Turkey</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1FBA2194C52B12D" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,573,1087,1112]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA1FBA2194C52B12D" authority="Santos Abreu" authorityName="Santos Abreu" box="[151,573,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA1FBA2194FE3B12D" bold="true" box="[151,396,1087,1112]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Simulium velutinum</emphasis>
(Santos Abreu)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA2424AE1B1D5" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA2424FE2B108" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,397,1124,1149]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA03EA2424FE2B108" box="[338,397,1124,1149]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA0CEA2424FB3B109" author="Leonhardt" box="[418,476,1124,1148]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA08BA2AE4C36B1D5" box="[487,601,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA08BA2AE4C36B1D5" box="[487,601,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA25FA2AF4DC8B1D5" box="[819,935,1161,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA25FA2AF4DC8B1D5" box="[819,935,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘L’): Canary Islands
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA28A4AA1B19D" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Adler in 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA059A28A4A74B19D" author="Crosskey" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Crosskey, R. W. &amp; Baez, M. (2004) A synopsis of present knowledge of the Simuliidae (Diptera) of the Canary Islands, including keys to the larval and pupal stages. Journal of Natural History, 38, 2085 - 2117. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 0022293032000140958" type="journal article" year="2004">
Crosskey &amp; Báez (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA374A28A4C3BB1B1" box="[536,596,1196,1220]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, diagnostic inversion mapped, photo of polytene complement, possible conspecificity with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA0B9A2F64CECB19D" box="[469,643,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubzovianum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA0B9A2F64CECB19D" box="[469,643,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. rubzovianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA3DFA2F64D53B19D" box="[691,828,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA3DFA2F64D53B19D" box="[691,828,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. velutinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA21FA2F64A61B19D" box="[883,1038,1232,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenerificum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA21FA2F64A61B19D" box="[883,1038,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. tenerificum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)
</bibRefCitation>
: Canary Islands
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA2D24C7CB002" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui &amp; Belqat (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA384A2D24D4BB078" box="[744,804,1268,1293]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2015.0">2015</number>
, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA089A33E4F90B05A" box="[485,511,1304,1327]" name="Iceland" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">IL</collectingCountry>
[partial], IIL, and sex chromosomes; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA5B9A33E4B22B045" box="[1237,1357,1304,1328]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA5B9A33E4B22B045" box="[1237,1357,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA007A31A4F84B021" box="[363,491,1340,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tenerificum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA007A31A4F84B021" box="[363,491,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">tenerificum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
established as synonym of 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA258A31A4DCDB020" box="[820,930,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA258A31A4DCDB020" box="[820,930,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">velutinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA2B4A31B4B6EB020" authority="Cytospecies" authorityName="Cytospecies" box="[984,1281,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA2B4A31B4A09B020" box="[984,1126,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. velutinum</emphasis>
‘Cytospecies
</taxonomicName>
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA461A31A4B4FB021" box="[1293,1312,1340,1364]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2.0">2</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA42DA31A4BF7B020" box="[1345,1432,1340,1365]" name="Algeria" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Algeria</collectingCountry>
, Canary Islands, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA0C2A3464C7CB002" box="[430,531,1376,1399]" name="Morocco" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Morocco</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1FBA3A24C1EB0E8" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,625,1412,1437]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA1FBA3A24C1EB0E8" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,625,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="violator">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA1FBA3A24F1FB0E8" bold="true" box="[151,368,1412,1437]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Simulium violator</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA3814B34B090" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA3814F17B0B5" author="Dunbar" box="[199,376,1447,1472]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1958 a) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 53 pp." type="book" year="1958" yearSuffix="a">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA05CA3814F04B0B5" box="[304,363,1447,1472]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1958.0">1958</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA0E6A3814FAAB0B5" author="Dunbar" box="[394,453,1447,1472]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1959) The salivary gland chromosomes of seven forms of black flies included in Eusimulium aureum Fries. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 37, 495 - 525. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 59 - 058" type="journal article" year="1959">
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA0E6A3814FAAB0B5" box="[394,453,1447,1472]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1959.0">1959</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA420A38E4B09B0CA" box="[1356,1382,1448,1471]" name="Iceland" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">IL</collectingCountry>
and selected polymorphisms, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA269A3EB4D19B091" box="[773,886,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA269A3EB4D19B091" box="[773,886,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA53DA3EB4AAEB091" box="[1105,1217,1485,1508]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA53DA3EB4AAEB091" box="[1105,1217,1485,1508]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘D’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA46BA3EA4B34B090" box="[1287,1371,1484,1509]" name="Canada" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA3C94A00B37D" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1135,1519,1544]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA3C94A60B37D" author="Dunbar" box="[199,1039,1519,1544]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1962) Cytotaxonomic studies in Simuliidae. Doctoral thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 101 pp." type="book" year="1962">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA046A3C94F09B37D" box="[298,358,1519,1544]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1962.0">1962</number>
, chromosomal key, description, idiogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA20EA3D74DB9B37D" box="[866,982,1521,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA20EA3D74DB9B37D" box="[866,982,1521,1544]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘D’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA577A3C94A00B37D" box="[1051,1135,1519,1544]" name="Canada" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA0324D1AB358" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,885,1556,1581]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA0324D6CB359" author="Dunbar" box="[199,771,1556,1581]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Dunbar, R. W. (1965) Chromosome inversions as blocks to genetic exchange leading to sympatric speciation in black flies (Simuliidae; Diptera). Proceedings of the XIIth International Congress of Entomology, 1964. London, United Kingdom, pp. 268 - 269." type="proceedings paper" year="1965">
Dunbar (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA046A0324F0AB358" box="[298,357,1556,1581]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1965.0">1965</number>
, cytodendrogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA339A0334CA6B359" box="[597,713,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA339A0334CA6B359" box="[597,713,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘D’)
</bibRefCitation>
: [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA27AA0324D00B358" box="[790,879,1556,1581]" name="Canada" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Canada</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA0114A52B325" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1085,1591,1616]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA0114DB2B325" author="Rothfels" box="[199,989,1591,1616]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Rothfels, K. H. &amp; Mason, G. F. (1975) Achiasmate meiosis and centromere shift in Eusimulium aureum (Diptera-Simuliidae). Chromosoma, 51, 111 - 124. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00319829" type="journal article" year="1975">
Rothfels &amp; Mason (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA0C9A0114F8FB325" box="[421,480,1591,1616]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1975.0">1975</number>
, male achiasmate meiosis; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA243A01F4DCCB325" box="[815,931,1593,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA243A01F4DCCB325" box="[815,931,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘D’)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA285A0114A52B325" box="[1001,1085,1591,1616]" name="Canada" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA07A4A2EB3ED" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA07A4FE4B300" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,395,1628,1653]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA03CA07A4FE4B300" box="[336,395,1628,1653]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA0F3A07A4FB5B301" author="Leonhardt" box="[415,474,1628,1652]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male achiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA08BA0A64C36B3ED" box="[487,601,1664,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA08BA0A64C36B3ED" box="[487,601,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA25FA0A74DC8B3ED" box="[819,935,1665,1688]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA25FA0A74DC8B3ED" box="[819,935,1665,1688]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">E. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘D’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA281A0594A2EB3ED" box="[1005,1089,1663,1688]" name="Canada" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA0824AF9B3C8" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1174,1700,1725]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA0824A57B3C8" author="Adler" box="[199,1080,1700,1725]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; McCreadie, J. W. (1997) The hidden ecology of black flies: sibling species and ecological scale. American Entomologist, 43, 153 - 161. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / ae / 43.3.153" type="journal article" year="1997">
Adler &amp; McCreadie (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA0DAA0824F9DB3C9" box="[438,498,1700,1724]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1997.0">1997</number>
, low-magnification photo of polytene complement)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA52EA0824AF9B3C8" box="[1090,1174,1700,1725]" name="Canada" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA0E14A13B395" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[199,1148,1735,1760]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA0E14C63B395" author="Adler" box="[199,524,1735,1760]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA078A0E14C63B395" author="Currie" box="[276,524,1735,1760]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA0BCA0EE4C63B395" box="[464,524,1736,1760]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA570A0E14A13B395" box="[1052,1148,1735,1760]" name="United States of America" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1FBA0CA4C0DB270" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" box="[151,610,1772,1797]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA1FBA0CA4F64B270" box="[151,267,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA1FBA0CA4F64B270" bold="true" box="[151,267,1772,1797]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA07FA0CB4F08B271" box="[275,359,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA07FA0CB4F08B271" box="[275,359,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sibling K’ Leonhardt
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA1294DECB238" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA1ABA1294FE2B25D" author="Leonhardt" box="[199,397,1807,1832]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1985) A cytological study of species in the Eusimulium aureum group (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 2043 - 2061. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 85 - 301" type="journal article" year="1985">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA03EA1294FE2B25D" box="[338,397,1807,1832]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1985.1987">1985</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD16F1DA0CEA1364FB3B25D" author="Leonhardt" box="[418,476,1808,1832]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">1987</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA08BA1134C36B239" box="[487,601,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA08BA1134C36B239" box="[487,601,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA272A1124DECB238" box="[798,899,1844,1869]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA1714F31B2E0" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Dunbar in Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA0C3A17E4F84B205" box="[431,491,1880,1904]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="1989.0">1989</number>
, notes on chromosomal distinction from 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA2D6A17E4A07B205" box="[954,1128,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubzovianum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA2D6A17E4A07B205" box="[954,1128,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. rubzovianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA5F5A17E4B65B205" box="[1177,1290,1880,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA5F5A17E4B65B205" box="[1177,1290,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sibling I’]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA195A15A4F31B2E0" box="[249,350,1916,1941]" name="Gibraltar" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Gibraltar</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD16F1DA1ABA1864DAAB2A8" blockId="51.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">
Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui &amp; Belqat (
<number id="08502492FFD16F1DA387A1864D48B2CC" box="[747,807,1952,1977]" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" value="2015.0">2015</number>
, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD16F1DA322A1E34CD0B2A9" box="[590,703,1989,2012]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="51" pageNumber="52" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD16F1DA322A1E34CD0B2A9" box="[590,703,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD16F1DA2E9A1E24DAAB2A8" box="[901,965,1988,2013]" name="Spain" pageId="51" pageNumber="52">Spain</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD66F1AA1FBA6B14C0DB5C5" blockId="52.[151,1436,151,501]" box="[151,610,151,176]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD66F1AA1FBA6B14F64B5C5" box="[151,267,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD66F1AA1FBA6B14F64B5C5" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,176]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD66F1AA07FA6BF4F08B5C5" box="[275,359,153,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD66F1AA07FA6BF4F08B5C5" box="[275,359,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sibling N’ Leonhardt
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD66F1AA1ABA69A4CB5B58D" blockId="52.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFD66F1AA1ABA69A4CF2B58D" author="Leonhardt" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" refString="Leonhardt, K. G. (1987) A cytological study of species in the &quot; Eusimulium aureum &quot; group with comparisons to &quot; E. vernum &quot; and &quot; E. ruficorne &quot; (Diptera, Simuliidae). Master's thesis, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, 104 pp." type="book" year="1987">
Leonhardt (
<number id="08502492FFD66F1AA020A69A4FE8B5A1" box="[332,391,188,212]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="1987.0">1987</number>
, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD66F1AA01CA6C64F8EB58D" box="[368,481,224,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD66F1AA01CA6C64F8EB58D" box="[368,481,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard)
</bibRefCitation>
: 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD66F1AA3CBA6F94CB5B58D" box="[679,730,223,248]" name="Italy" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Italy</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD66F1AA1FBA7224A5BB468" blockId="52.[151,1436,151,501]" box="[151,1076,260,285]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD66F1AA1FBA7224F63B468" box="[151,268,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD66F1AA1FBA7224F63B468" bold="true" box="[151,268,260,285]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD66F1AA07FA7224FEDB468" authority="Cytospecies" authorityName="Cytospecies" box="[275,386,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD66F1AA07FA7224FEDB468" box="[275,386,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">velutinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘Cytospecies 
<number id="08502492FFD66F1AA373A7224C5FB469" box="[543,560,260,284]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="3.0">3</number>
’ Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui &amp; Belqat
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD66F1AA1ABA7014F22B4FD" blockId="52.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui &amp; Belqat (
<number id="08502492FFD66F1AA387A7014D48B435" box="[747,807,295,320]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2015.0">2015</number>
, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, photos of IS and IIS with sex chromosomes, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD66F1AA508A76B4AB7B411" box="[1124,1240,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD66F1AA508A76B4AB7B411" box="[1124,1240,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD66F1AA195A7494F22B4FD" box="[249,333,367,392]" name="Algeria" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Algeria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD66F1AA1FBA7B24A5BB4D8" blockId="52.[151,1436,151,501]" box="[151,1076,404,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD66F1AA1FBA7B24F63B4D8" box="[151,268,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD66F1AA1FBA7B24F63B4D8" bold="true" box="[151,268,404,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD66F1AA07FA7B24FEDB4D8" authority="Cytospecies" authorityName="Cytospecies" box="[275,386,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="velutinum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD66F1AA07FA7B24FEDB4D8" box="[275,386,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">velutinum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘Cytospecies 
<number id="08502492FFD66F1AA373A7B24C5FB4D8" box="[543,560,404,429]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="5.0">5</number>
’ Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui &amp; Belqat
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFD66F1AA1ABA7914B53B481" blockId="52.[151,1436,151,501]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">
Adler, Cherairia, Arigue, Samraoui &amp; Belqat (
<number id="08502492FFD66F1AA387A7914D48B4A5" box="[747,807,439,464]" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" value="2015.0">2015</number>
, characterization, chromosomal phylogeny, inversions mapped, photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD66F1AA0A3A7FB4F85B481" box="[463,490,477,500]" name="Iceland" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">IL</collectingCountry>
[partial] and IIS, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFD66F1AA2CCA7FB4A7FB481" box="[928,1040,477,500]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="52" pageNumber="53" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aureum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFD66F1AA2CCA7FB4A7FB481" box="[928,1040,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">S. aureum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFD66F1AA5BBA7FB4B53B481" box="[1239,1340,477,500]" name="Morocco" pageId="52" pageNumber="53">Morocco</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>