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<mods:title id="609A886CD894AD8C7D20CED7FC720134">Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus</mods:title>
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<heading id="E56F81D9FFBE6F72A1FBA1484C69B2FD" bold="true" box="[151,518,1902,1928]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="92" pageNumber="93" reason="1">
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species-group
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBE6F72A1FBA1934FF8B2BB" bold="true" box="[151,407,1973,1998]" pageId="92" pageNumber="93">Simulium annulitarse</emphasis>
Zetterstedt 
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Adler &amp; Kuusela (
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</taxonomicName>
, characterization, note on B chromosomes, partial resolution relative to 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A467A6BE4BF3B5C5" box="[1291,1436,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
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group standard; as 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A0AAA69B4C3CB5A0" box="[454,595,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
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‘ 
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cytospecies’): 
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<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A1FBA6F94CD4B58D" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,699,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="appalachiense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A1FBA6F94FD4B58D" bold="true" box="[151,443,223,248]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium appalachiense</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
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Landau (
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, characterization; drawings of IS, 
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, and IIS polymorphisms; idiogram of IIS; inversions mapped; resolution relative to 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A323A70E4C8FB435" box="[591,736,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
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group standard; as 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A2D7A70E4A23B435" box="[955,1100,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CDE sibling’): 
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</paragraph>
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<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA76B4F0EB411" author="Mason" box="[199,353,332,356]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="292 - 303" refId="ref106648" refString="Mason, G. F. (1982) Cytological studies of sibling species of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 292 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 039" type="journal article" year="1982">
Mason (
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, characterization, inversion breakpoints, new cytoform recognized [‘CDE- 
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’]; as 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A464A76B4BF3B410" box="[1288,1436,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CDE’ and ‘CDE- 
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’): 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A33AA7564CE1B4FD" box="[598,654,368,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA7B34F5EB481" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA7B34F0AB4D9" author="Mason" box="[199,357,404,428]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="647 - 658" refId="ref106700" refString="Mason, G. F. (1984) Sex chromosome polymorphism in the Simulium tuberosum complex (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 647 - 658. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 84 - 096" type="journal article" year="1984">
Mason (
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, characterization, cytoforms ‘CDE’ and ‘CDEM’ [= ‘CDE- 
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’] recognized as one species, idiograms of IIS, photo of sex chromosomes [IIS]; as ‘CDE 
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<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A2FAA7914A64B4A5" box="[918,1035,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ and ‘ 
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<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A5C7A7914B4FB4A5" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1195,1312,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A5C7A7914B4FB4A5" box="[1195,1312,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
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, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A195A7FA4F5EB481" box="[249,305,476,500]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA7D94A8EB76D" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1249,511,536]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA7D94FC8B76D" author="Adler &amp; Kim" box="[199,423,511,536]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler &amp; Kim (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A007A7D94FC8B76D" box="[363,423,511,536]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1986.0">1986</number>
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, idiogram of IIS; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A3E0A4264D72B76D" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[652,797,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A3E0A4264D72B76D" box="[652,797,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytospecies ‘CDE’ and ‘CDEM’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A5C5A4264A8EB76D" box="[1193,1249,512,536]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA4024A3AB715" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
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Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
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, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for 
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Landau’s 
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<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A4EBA4034F01B715" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A4EBA4034F01B715" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CDE’ and 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A09AA46E4CFBB715" author="Mason's" box="[502,660,584,608]" firstAuthor="Mason's" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="292 - 303" refId="ref106648" refString="Mason, G. F. (1982) Cytological studies of sibling species of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 292 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 039" type="journal article" year="1982">
Mason’s 
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<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A3F7A46E4D43B715" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[667,812,583,608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A3F7A46E4D43B715" box="[667,812,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CDE- 
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A2E9A46E4DFBB715" box="[901,916,584,608]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2.0">2</number>
’): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A299A4614A3AB715" box="[1013,1109,583,608]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1FBA44A4CBBB7F0" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,724,620,645]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A1FBA44A4CBBB7F0" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,724,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chromocentrum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A1FBA44A4FBCB7F0" bold="true" box="[151,467,620,645]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium chromocentrum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA4A94C03B7B9" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA4A94C45B7DD" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,554,655,680]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A082A4B64C45B7DD" box="[494,554,656,680]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, original description of species, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A4EBA4B64F01B7B8" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A4EBA4B64F01B7B8" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A358A4924C03B7B9" box="[564,620,692,716]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1FBA4F14CF0B785" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,671,727,752]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A1FBA4F14CF0B785" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,671,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conundrum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A1FBA4F14FF0B785" bold="true" box="[151,415,727,752]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium conundrum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA4DA4D05B660" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,874,764,789]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA4DA4F02B660" author="Zimring" box="[199,365,764,789]" firstAuthor="Zimring" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref121444" refString="Zimring, R. (1953) A comparative study of the salivary gland chromosomes of five related black fly species. M. A. thesis. University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 32 pp. + 13 plates." type="book" year="1953">
Zimring (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A05EA4DA4F02B660" box="[306,365,764,789]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1953.0">1953</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A367A4DB4CF3B660" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[523,668,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A367A4DB4CF3B660" box="[523,668,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[in part]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A27AA4DA4D05B660" box="[790,874,764,789]" name="Canada" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA5394D48B628" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA5394F09B64D" author="Landau" box="[199,358,799,824]" firstAuthor="Landau" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="921 - 939" refId="ref105584" refString="Landau, R. (1962) Four forms of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstr.) in southern Ontario: a salivary gland chromosome study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 921 - 939. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 082" type="journal article" year="1962">
Landau (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A046A5394F09B64D" box="[298,358,799,824]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1962.0">1962</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram of IIS, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A5ADA5064B3CB64D" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1217,1363,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A5ADA5064B3CB64D" box="[1217,1363,799,824]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A0E9A5634C79B628" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[389,534,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A0E9A5634C79B628" box="[389,534,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘FGH sibling’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A3BFA5624D48B628" box="[723,807,836,861]" name="Canada" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA54E4DD4B6F5" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,955,871,896]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA54E4F31B6F5" author="Mason" box="[199,350,872,896]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="292 - 303" refId="ref106648" refString="Mason, G. F. (1982) Cytological studies of sibling species of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 292 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 039" type="journal article" year="1982">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A04EA54E4F31B6F5" box="[290,350,872,896]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1982.0">1982</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, inversion breakpoints; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A3E4A54E4D76B6F5" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[648,793,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A3E4A54E4D76B6F5" box="[648,793,871,896]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘FGH’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A2EFA54E4DD4B6F5" box="[899,955,872,896]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA5AB4FFCB6BD" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA5AB4F0CB6D1" author="Mason" box="[199,355,908,932]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="647 - 658" refId="ref106700" refString="Mason, G. F. (1984) Sex chromosome polymorphism in the Simulium tuberosum complex (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 647 - 658. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 84 - 096" type="journal article" year="1984">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A044A5AA4F0CB6D1" box="[296,355,908,932]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, hybrids with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A378A5AB4CD6B6D0" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityYear="1927" box="[532,697,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandalicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A378A5AB4CD6B6D0" box="[532,697,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. vandalicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as ‘FG’], notes on sex chromosomes; as ‘FGH 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A460A5AA4BEEB6D0" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1292,1409,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A460A5AA4BEEB6D0" box="[1292,1409,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A195A5894F3FB6BD" box="[249,336,943,968]" name="Canada" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A037A5964FFCB6BD" box="[347,403,944,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA5F24A28B699" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1095,980,1005]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA5F24FC8B698" author="Adler &amp; Kim" box="[199,423,980,1005]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler &amp; Kim (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A007A5F24FC8B698" box="[363,423,980,1005]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram of IIS; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A3E0A5F34D72B698" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[652,797,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A3E0A5F34D72B698" box="[652,797,980,1005]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytospecies FGH’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A563A5F24A28B699" box="[1039,1095,980,1004]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA5D14C27B140" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA5D14C2BB165" author="McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo" box="[199,580,1015,1040]" firstAuthor="McCreadie" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="51" refId="ref107068" refString="McCreadie, J. W., Adler, P. H. &amp; Colbo, M. H. (1995) Community structure of larval black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 88, 51 - 57. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 88.1.51" type="journal article" year="1995">
McCreadie, Adler &amp; Colbo (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A365A5D14C2BB165" box="[521,580,1015,1040]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1995.0">1995</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, inversions mapped, photo of partial IIS, Y-chromosome polymorphisms; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A195A23B4FE5B140" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[249,394,1052,1077]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A195A23B4FE5B140" box="[249,394,1052,1077]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘FGH’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A098A23A4C27B140" box="[500,584,1052,1077]" name="Canada" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA2194B6CB108" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA2194C4CB12D" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,547,1087,1112]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A08BA2664C4CB12D" box="[487,547,1088,1112]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A5A3A2194B15B12D" author="Landau's" box="[1231,1402,1087,1112]" firstAuthor="Landau's" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="921 - 939" refId="ref105584" refString="Landau, R. (1962) Four forms of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstr.) in southern Ontario: a salivary gland chromosome study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 921 - 939. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 082" type="journal article" year="1962">
Landau’s 
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A42EA2194B15B12D" box="[1346,1402,1087,1112]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1962.0">1962</number>
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A4EBA2664F01B108" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A4EBA2664F01B108" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘FGH’, possible sibling species, Y-chromosome polymorphisms): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A5CFA2424B6CB108" box="[1187,1283,1124,1149]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1FBA2A14CFBB1D5" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,660,1159,1184]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A1FBA2A14CFBB1D5" authority="Takaoka &amp; Choochote" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Choochote" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,660,1159,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="doipuiense">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A1FBA2A14FFCB1D5" bold="true" box="[151,403,1159,1184]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium doipuiense</emphasis>
Takaoka &amp; Choochote
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA28A4D35B078" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA28A4FCCB1B1" author="Tangkawanit" box="[199,419,1196,1221]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref120070" refString="Tangkawanit, U. (2008) Cytogenetics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Doctoral thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 285 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Tangkawanit (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A00BA28A4FCCB1B1" box="[359,419,1196,1220]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; idiogram; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ and ‘B’]; photos of 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBF6F73A018A2F64FCBB192" box="[372,420,1232,1255]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">IIIL</collectionCode>
, polymorphisms, and polytene complement; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A5DBA2F64B21B19D" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1207,1358,1231,1256]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A5DBA2F64B21B19D" box="[1207,1358,1231,1256]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A0E2A2D24F97B078" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[398,504,1268,1293]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A0E2A2D24F97B078" box="[398,504,1268,1293]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A39AA2D24D35B078" box="[758,858,1268,1293]" name="Thailand" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA3314CAAB00D" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA3314D59B045" author="Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler" box="[199,822,1303,1328]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="289 - 315" refId="ref120104" refString="Tangkawanit, U., Kuvangkadilok, C., Baimai, V. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) Cytosystematics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 289 - 315. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00433. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A396A33E4D59B045" box="[762,822,1304,1328]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ and ‘B’], photo of 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBF6F73A391A31B4D42B021" box="[765,813,1341,1364]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">IIIL</collectionCode>
, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A546A31B4AD3B020" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1066,1212,1340,1365]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A546A31B4AD3B020" box="[1066,1212,1340,1365]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A195A3794F0CB00D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[249,355,1375,1400]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A195A3794F0CB00D" box="[249,355,1375,1400]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A30DA3794CAAB00D" box="[609,709,1375,1400]" name="Thailand" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1FBA3A24FB1B0E8" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,478,1412,1437]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A1FBA3A24FB1B0E8" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" authorityYear="1922" box="[151,478,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="janzeni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A1FBA3A24F05B0E8" bold="true" box="[151,362,1412,1437]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium janzeni</emphasis>
Enderlein
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA38E4B02B0B5" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1389,1447,1472]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA38E4F35B0B5" author="Kunze" box="[199,346,1447,1472]" firstAuthor="Kunze" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="23 - 32" refId="ref105220" refString="Kunze, E. (1953) Artunterschiede im Bau der Riesenchromosomen in der Gattung Simulium Latr. Osterreichische zoologische Zeitschrift, 4, 23 - 32." type="journal article" year="1953">
Kunze (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A073A3814F35B0B5" box="[287,346,1447,1472]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1953.0">1953</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, description, low-magnification photos of polytene complement; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A539A3814AD0B0B5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1109,1215,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A539A3814AD0B0B5" box="[1109,1215,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘sp 
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A583A38E4B6DB0B5" box="[1263,1282,1448,1472]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="4.0">4</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A471A3814B02B0B5" box="[1309,1389,1447,1472]" name="Austria" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Austria</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA3EA4BF6B091" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1433,1484,1509]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA3EA4FBEB091" author="Adler &amp; Kuusela" box="[199,465,1484,1509]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="439 - 446" refId="ref84736" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kuusela, K. (1994) Cytological identities of Simulium tuberosum and S. vulgare (Diptera: Simuliidae), with notes on other Palearctic members of the S. tuberosum species-group. Entomologica Scandinavica, 25, 439 - 446. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631294 X 00207" type="journal article" year="1994">
Adler &amp; Kuusela (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A0F9A3EA4FBEB091" box="[405,465,1484,1508]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A2B6A3EB4A04B090" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[986,1131,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A2B6A3EB4A04B090" box="[986,1131,1484,1509]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A45EA3EA4BF6B091" box="[1330,1433,1484,1508]" name="Germany" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Germany</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1FBA3C94C12B37D" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,637,1519,1544]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A1FBA3C94C12B37D" authority="Takaoka &amp; Choochote" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Choochote" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,637,1519,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="manooni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A1FBA3C94F14B37D" bold="true" box="[151,379,1519,1544]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium manooni</emphasis>
Takaoka &amp; Choochote
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA0324F8BB300" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA0324FC4B359" author="Tangkawanit" box="[199,427,1556,1581]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" refId="ref120070" refString="Tangkawanit, U. (2008) Cytogenetics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Doctoral thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 285 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Tangkawanit (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A003A0324FC4B359" box="[367,427,1556,1580]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBF6F73A510A0334AC6B359" box="[1148,1193,1557,1580]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">IIIL</collectionCode>
and polymorphism, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A096A01E4CFEB325" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[506,657,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A096A01E4CFEB325" box="[506,657,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A2E2A0114D97B325" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[910,1016,1591,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A2E2A0114D97B325" box="[910,1016,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘Unknown species 
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A03DA07A4F30B301" box="[337,351,1628,1652]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1.0">1</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A0ECA07A4F8BB300" box="[384,484,1628,1653]" name="Thailand" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA0594F8BB395" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA0594D38B3ED" author="Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler" box="[199,855,1663,1688]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="289 - 315" refId="ref120104" refString="Tangkawanit, U., Kuvangkadilok, C., Baimai, V. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) Cytosystematics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 289 - 315. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00433. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A277A0A64D38B3ED" box="[795,855,1664,1688]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A096A0834CFEB3C8" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[506,657,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A096A0834CFEB3C8" box="[506,657,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A2E2A0824D97B3C8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[910,1016,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A2E2A0824D97B3C8" box="[910,1016,1700,1725]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; as ‘Unknown species 
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A03DA0EE4F30B395" box="[337,351,1736,1760]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1.0">1</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A0ECA0E14F8BB395" box="[384,484,1735,1760]" name="Thailand" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1FBA0CA4C2BB270" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,580,1772,1797]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A1FBA0CA4C2BB270" authority="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,580,1772,1797]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perissum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A1FBA0CA4F10B270" bold="true" box="[151,383,1772,1797]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Simulium perissum</emphasis>
Dyar &amp; Shannon
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA1294A99B238" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA1294F02B25D" author="Landau" box="[199,365,1807,1832]" firstAuthor="Landau" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="921 - 939" refId="ref105584" refString="Landau, R. (1962) Four forms of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstr.) in southern Ontario: a salivary gland chromosome study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 921 - 939. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 082" type="journal article" year="1962">
Landau (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A05DA1294F02B25D" box="[305,365,1807,1832]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1962.0">1962</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, hybrid with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A3B1A1364D1AB25D" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[733,885,1807,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A3B1A1364D1AB25D" box="[733,885,1807,1832]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A’, idiogram of IIS, IIS inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A08BA1134C16B238" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[487,633,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A08BA1134C16B238" box="[487,633,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A238A1134D8AB238" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[852,997,1844,1869]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A238A1134D8AB238" box="[852,997,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CKL sibling’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A5CEA1124A99B238" box="[1186,1270,1844,1869]" name="Canada" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA17E4B48B205" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1319,1879,1904]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA17E4F31B205" author="Mason" box="[199,350,1880,1904]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="292 - 303" refId="ref106648" refString="Mason, G. F. (1982) Cytological studies of sibling species of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 292 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 039" type="journal article" year="1982">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A04EA17E4F31B205" box="[290,350,1880,1904]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1982.0">1982</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, confirmation as distinct species, inversion breakpoints; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A29AA17E4AE7B205" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1014,1160,1879,1904]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A29AA17E4AE7B205" box="[1014,1160,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CKL’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A583A17E4B48B205" box="[1263,1319,1880,1904]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA15B4FA8B2CD" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA15B4F08B2E1" author="Mason" box="[199,359,1916,1940]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="647 - 658" refId="ref106700" refString="Mason, G. F. (1984) Sex chromosome polymorphism in the Simulium tuberosum complex (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 647 - 658. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 84 - 096" type="journal article" year="1984">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A047A15A4F08B2E1" box="[299,359,1916,1940]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, hybrid with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A37BA15B4CDEB2E0" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[535,689,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A37BA15B4CDEB2E0" box="[535,689,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as ‘AB 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A25FA15A4DC7B2E0" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[819,936,1916,1941]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A25FA15A4DC7B2E0" box="[819,936,1916,1941]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’], notes on sex chromosomes; as ‘CKL 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A195A1864F01B2CC" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[249,366,1952,1977]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A195A1864F01B2CC" box="[249,366,1952,1977]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A0E3A1864FA8B2CD" box="[399,455,1952,1976]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBF6F73A1ABA1E24A2BB2A9" blockId="93.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1092,1988,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBF6F73A1ABA1E24FC8B2A8" author="Adler &amp; Kim" box="[199,423,1988,2013]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler &amp; Kim (
<number id="08502492FFBF6F73A007A1E24FC8B2A8" box="[363,423,1988,2013]" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram of IIS; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBF6F73A3E0A1E34D72B2A8" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[652,797,1988,2013]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="93" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBF6F73A3E0A1E34D72B2A8" box="[652,797,1988,2013]" italics="true" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytospecies CKL’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBF6F73A560A1E24A2BB2A9" box="[1036,1092,1988,2012]" name="United States of America" pageId="93" pageNumber="94">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA6B14C71B58D" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA6B14C7AB5C5" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,533,151,176]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A0B5A6BE4C7AB5C5" box="[473,533,152,176]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, hybrid with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A507A6BE4A91B5C5" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1131,1278,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A507A6BE4A91B5C5" box="[1131,1278,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytotype A’, note on Y-chromosome polymorphisms, recognition of 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A2F2A69D4A23B5A1" author="Landau's" box="[926,1100,187,212]" firstAuthor="Landau's" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="921 - 939" refId="ref105584" refString="Landau, R. (1962) Four forms of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstr.) in southern Ontario: a salivary gland chromosome study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 921 - 939. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 082" type="journal article" year="1962">
Landau’s 
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A578A69D4A23B5A1" box="[1044,1100,187,212]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1962.0">1962</number>
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A530A69A4A98B5A1" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1116,1271,187,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A530A69A4A98B5A1" box="[1116,1271,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘CKL’ as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A4EBA69A4F31B582" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perissum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A4EBA69A4F31B582" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. perissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A0D2A6F94C71B58D" box="[446,542,223,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1FBA7254FD5B469" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,442,259,284]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A1FBA7254FD5B469" authority="Puri" authorityName="Puri" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,442,259,284]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ramosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A1FBA7254FEAB469" bold="true" box="[151,389,259,284]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium ramosum</emphasis>
Puri
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA70E4B00B44A" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1391,294,320]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Dey &amp; Fumafartosok (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A0A8A7004F90B44A" box="[452,511,294,319]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1984.0">1984</number>
b, description, idiogram, lengths, and photos of metaphase complement): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A459A7004B00B44A" box="[1333,1391,294,319]" name="India" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">India</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1FBA76C4FB1B416" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,478,330,355]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A1FBA76C4FB1B416" authority="Brunetti" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityYear="1911" box="[151,478,330,355]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufibasis">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A1FBA76C4F14B416" bold="true" box="[151,379,330,355]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium rufibasis</emphasis>
Brunetti
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA7484D33B4DE" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA7484D47B4F2" author="Kuvangkadilok, Boonkemtong &amp; Phayuhasena" box="[199,808,366,391]" firstAuthor="Kuvangkadilok" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="215 - 230" refId="ref105248" refString="Kuvangkadilok, C., Boonkemtong, C. &amp; Phayuhasena, S. (1998) C-banding in polytene chromosomes of six Simulium species (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Doi Inthanon National Park, Northern Thailand. Journal of the Science Society of Thailand, 24, 215 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2306 / scienceasia 1513 - 1874.1998.24.215" type="journal article" year="1998">
Kuvangkadilok, Boonkemtong &amp; Phayuhasena (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A381A7494D47B4F2" box="[749,808,367,391]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1998.0">1998</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, low-resolution photos of C-banded and orcein-stained polytene chromosomes [II and III reversed]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A394A7B44D33B4DE" box="[760,860,402,427]" name="Thailand" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA7934B07B487" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA7934D5BB4BB" author="Kuvangkadilok, Phayuhasena &amp; Boonkemtong" box="[199,820,437,462]" firstAuthor="Kuvangkadilok" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="197 - 207" refId="ref105374" refString="Kuvangkadilok, C., Phayuhasena, S. &amp; Boonkemtong, C. (1999) Larval polytene chromosomes of five species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Doi Inthanon National Park, northern Thailand. Cytologia, 64, 197 - 207. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1508 / cytologia. 64.197" type="journal article" year="1999">
Kuvangkadilok, Phayuhasena &amp; Boonkemtong (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A394A7904D5BB4BB" box="[760,820,438,462]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1999.0">1999</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, description, photos of polytene chromosomes [lowmagnification, II and III reversed] and IIS [as 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A392A7FC4D41B487" box="[766,814,474,498]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IIIS</collectionCode>
], polytene chromosome relative lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A468A7FF4B07B487" box="[1284,1384,473,498]" name="Thailand" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA7DB4FBBB728" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA7DB4FCDB763" author="Tangkawanit" box="[199,418,509,534]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref120070" refString="Tangkawanit, U. (2008) Cytogenetics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Doctoral thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 285 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Tangkawanit (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A00AA7D84FCDB763" box="[358,418,510,534]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IIL, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A5E5A7D84AD8B763" box="[1161,1207,510,534]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IIIS</collectionCode>
, polymorphism, and polytene complement; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A262A4044DC8B74F" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[782,935,545,570]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A262A4044DC8B74F" box="[782,935,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A5C6A4074B7BB74F" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1194,1300,545,570]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A5C6A4074B7BB74F" box="[1194,1300,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A01CA4624FBBB728" box="[368,468,580,605]" name="Thailand" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA44E4F32B7BD" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA44E4D48B7F4" author="Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler" box="[199,807,616,641]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="289 - 315" refId="ref120104" refString="Tangkawanit, U., Kuvangkadilok, C., Baimai, V. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) Cytosystematics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 289 - 315. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00433. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A387A44F4D48B7F4" box="[747,807,617,641]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IIL, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A0F2A4AB4FA2B7D0" box="[414,461,653,677]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IIIS</collectionCode>
; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A3AAA4AB4D38B7D0" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[710,855,652,677]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A3AAA4AB4D38B7D0" box="[710,855,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A557A4AA4ACAB7D0" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1083,1189,652,677]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A557A4AA4ACAB7D0" box="[1083,1189,652,677]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A195A4894F32B7BD" box="[249,349,687,712]" name="Thailand" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1FBA4F54CE7B799" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,648,723,748]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A1FBA4F54CE7B799" authority="Takaoka &amp; Choochote" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Choochote" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,648,723,748]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="setsukoae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A1FBA4F54FE8B799" bold="true" box="[151,391,723,748]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium setsukoae</emphasis>
Takaoka &amp; Choochote
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA4D14ADDB641" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA4D14FCDB665" author="Tangkawanit" box="[199,418,759,784]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref120070" refString="Tangkawanit, U. (2008) Cytogenetics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Doctoral thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 285 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Tangkawanit (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A00AA4DE4FCDB665" box="[358,418,760,784]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A01CA53A4C6EB641" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[368,513,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A01CA53A4C6EB641" box="[368,513,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A38AA53D4D3FB641" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[742,848,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A38AA53D4D3FB641" box="[742,848,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A522A53D4ADDB641" box="[1102,1202,795,820]" name="Thailand" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA5184B46B60E" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA5184D38B622" author="Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler" box="[199,855,830,855]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="289 - 315" refId="ref120104" refString="Tangkawanit, U., Kuvangkadilok, C., Baimai, V. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) Cytosystematics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 289 - 315. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00433. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A277A5194D38B622" box="[795,855,831,855]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A08BA5454C16B60E" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[487,633,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A08BA5454C16B60E" box="[487,633,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A231A5444DA8B60E" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[861,967,866,891]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A231A5444DA8B60E" box="[861,967,866,891]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A5A9A5444B46B60E" box="[1221,1321,866,891]" name="Thailand" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1FBA5A04C28B6EA" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,583,902,927]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A1FBA5A04FA3B6EA" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1963" box="[151,460,902,927]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suzukii">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A1FBA5A04F07B6EA" bold="true" box="[151,360,902,927]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium suzukii</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
(complex)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA58D4F25B17F" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA58D4FAFB6B7" author="Huang &amp; Adler" box="[199,448,938,963]" firstAuthor="Huang" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="612 - 628" refId="ref84504" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Huang, Y. - T. (2011) Integrated systematics of the Simuliidae (Diptera): evolutionary relationships of the littleknown Palearctic black fly Simulium acrotrichum. Canadian Entomologist, 143, 612 - 628. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / n 11 - 035" type="journal article" year="2011">
Huang &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A0E9A58C4FAFB6B7" box="[389,448,938,962]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2011.0">2011</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of IS, IIL [partial], and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A5A4A58D4A9AB6B7" box="[1224,1269,939,962]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IIIL</collectionCode>
[including sex chromosomes]; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A3C6A5E84D50B693" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[682,831,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A3C6A5E84D50B693" box="[682,831,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A55FA5EB4AF2B693" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1075,1181,973,998]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A55FA5EB4AF2B693" box="[1075,1181,973,998]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A195A5D74F25B17F" box="[249,330,1009,1034]" name="Taiwan" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA2334B2DB1ED" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Adler, Huang, Reeves, Kim, Otsuka, &amp; Takaoka (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A268A2304D2FB15B" box="[772,832,1046,1070]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2013.0">2013</number>
, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ through ‘D’]; photos of B chromosomes, IS, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A5DCA21C4AA3B124" box="[1200,1228,1082,1105]" name="Iceland" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A464A21F4B5BB124" box="[1288,1332,1081,1105]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IIIS</collectionCode>
, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A41CA21C4BF4B124" box="[1392,1435,1082,1105]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IIIL</collectionCode>
[including sex chromosomes]; origin of Okinawan population; probable sibling species; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A195A2A74FE9B1EC" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[249,390,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A195A2A74FE9B1EC" box="[249,390,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A30FA2A64CA5B1EC" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[611,714,1152,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A30FA2A64CA5B1EC" box="[611,714,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A2ACA2A74A6FB1ED" box="[960,1024,1153,1176]" name="Japan" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Japan</collectingCountry>
(including Okinawa), 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A592A2A74B2DB1ED" box="[1278,1346,1153,1176]" name="South Korea" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Korea</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1FBA2824CFDB1C8" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,658,1188,1213]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A1FBA2824F2DB1C8" bold="true" box="[151,322,1188,1213]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A1FBA2824F63B1C8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,268,1188,1213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Simulium</taxonomicName>
tani
</emphasis>
Takaoka &amp; Davies (complex)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA2E14B5FB195" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1328,1223,1248]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA2E14C97B195" author="Pramual, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Walton" box="[199,760,1223,1248]" firstAuthor="Pramual" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="3989 - 4001" refId="ref113597" refString="Pramual, P., Kuvangkadilok, C., Baimai, V. &amp; Walton, C. (2005) Phylogeography of the black fly Simulium tani (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand as inferred from mtDNA sequences. Molecular Ecology, 14, 3989 - 4001. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 294 X. 2005.02639. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
Pramual, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Walton (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A3D2A2E14C97B195" box="[702,760,1223,1248]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2005.0">2005</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ and ‘B’]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A5A3A2E14B5FB195" box="[1231,1328,1223,1248]" name="Thailand" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA2CD4A8BB071" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1252,1259,1284]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA2CD4F00B071" author="Pramual" box="[199,367,1259,1284]" firstAuthor="Pramual" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref113386" refString="Pramual, P. (2006) Population genetic structure of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) from Thailand inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Doctoral thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 158 pp." type="book" year="2006">
Pramual (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A05FA2CD4F00B071" box="[307,367,1259,1284]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2006.0">2006</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytoforms [‘A’ and ‘B’] characterized, description, polymorphisms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A5ECA2CD4A8BB071" box="[1152,1252,1259,1284]" name="Thailand" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA3294F32B0E6" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA3294FCCB05D" author="Tangkawanit" box="[199,419,1295,1320]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref120070" refString="Tangkawanit, U. (2008) Cytogenetics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Doctoral thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 285 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Tangkawanit (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A00BA3364FCCB05D" box="[359,419,1296,1320]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; idiogram; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ through ‘I’]; photos of B chromosomes, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A2CCA3124DD2B03E" box="[928,957,1332,1355]" name="Iceland" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A568A3124A5BB03E" box="[1028,1076,1332,1355]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IIIL</collectionCode>
, polymorphisms, and polytene complement; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A3F6A3714D5EB01A" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[666,817,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A3F6A3714D5EB01A" box="[666,817,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A542A3704AF7B01A" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1070,1176,1366,1391]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A542A3704AF7B01A" box="[1070,1176,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A195A35C4F32B0E6" box="[249,349,1402,1427]" name="Thailand" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA3B84DF9B357" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA3B84D4CB0C2" author="Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler" box="[199,803,1438,1463]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="289 - 315" refId="ref120104" refString="Tangkawanit, U., Kuvangkadilok, C., Baimai, V. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) Cytosystematics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 289 - 315. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00433. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A385A3B94D4CB0C2" box="[745,803,1439,1463]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, B chromosomes; characterization; idiogram; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ through ‘J’; ‘J’ later moved to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A560A3E54A1CB0AE" authorityName="Rubtsov" authorityYear="1963" box="[1036,1139,1474,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="suzukii">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A560A3E54A1CB0AE" box="[1036,1139,1474,1499]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. suzukii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Adler, Huang, Reeves, Kim, Otsuka, &amp; Takaoka (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A35DA3C04C1FB08B" box="[561,624,1510,1534]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2013.0">2013</number>
)]; photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A26EA3C14D71B08B" box="[770,798,1511,1534]" name="Iceland" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A2FDA3C14DAFB08B" box="[913,960,1511,1534]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IIIL</collectionCode>
; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A5ADA3C04B3DB08B" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[1217,1362,1509,1534]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A5ADA3C04B3DB08B" box="[1217,1362,1509,1534]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A0E6A02F4F9EB357" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[394,497,1545,1570]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A0E6A02F4F9EB357" box="[394,497,1545,1570]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A38BA02F4D44B357" box="[743,811,1545,1570]" name="China" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">China</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A259A02F4DF9B357" box="[821,918,1545,1570]" name="Thailand" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA00B4CC0B3C4" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
Adler, Huang, Reeves, Kim, Otsuka, &amp; Takaoka (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A268A0084D2FB333" box="[772,832,1582,1606]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2013.0">2013</number>
, characterization; chromosomal phylogeny; inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘K’ and ‘L’]; photos of IS, IIL [partial], and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A5AEA0744A81B31C" box="[1218,1262,1618,1641]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IIIL</collectionCode>
[including sex chromosomes]; probable sibling species; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A2D5A0534A26B3F8" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[953,1097,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A2D5A0534A26B3F8" box="[953,1097,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A459A0524BF3B3F8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1333,1436,1652,1677]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A459A0524BF3B3F8" box="[1333,1436,1652,1677]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A084A0BE4C3DB3C4" box="[488,594,1688,1713]" name="Malaysia" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A331A0BE4CC0B3C4" box="[605,687,1688,1713]" name="Taiwan" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1FBA09A4C47B3A0" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,552,1724,1749]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A1FBA09A4C47B3A0" authority="(Lundstrom)" authorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityName="Lundstrom" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[151,552,1724,1749]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A1FBA09A4FFBB3A0" bold="true" box="[151,404,1724,1749]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Simulium tuberosum</emphasis>
(Lundström)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA0C64B7AB269" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A1ABA0C64F79B38D" box="[199,278,1760,1784]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">NOTE</collectionCode>
: The identity of the species treated as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A3AFA0F94D87B38D" box="[707,1000,1759,1784]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A3AFA0F94D87B38D" box="[707,1000,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Archesimulium tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A57FA0F94B3EB38D" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[1043,1361,1759,1784]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="1341 - 1352" refId="ref92976" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2004">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A479A0C64BF7B38D" box="[1301,1432,1759,1784]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2004.2006">
2004, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A431A0F94BF7B38D" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[1373,1432,1759,1784]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="253 - 263" refId="ref93097" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2006) B chromosome polymorphism of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Tsitologiya, 48, 253 - 263. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2006">2006</bibRefCitation>
</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A195A1224F51B269" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[249,318,1796,1820]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A195A1224F5CB269" box="[249,307,1796,1820]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
) is uncertain, but it is not 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A30FA1224C9BB269" box="[611,756,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A30FA1224C9BB269" box="[611,756,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or any other member of the 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A558A1224AAAB269" box="[1076,1221,1795,1820]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A558A1224AAAB269" box="[1076,1221,1795,1820]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA1014DA7B211" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA1014F18B235" author="Zimring" box="[199,375,1831,1856]" firstAuthor="Zimring" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" refId="ref121444" refString="Zimring, R. (1953) A comparative study of the salivary gland chromosomes of five related black fly species. M. A. thesis. University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 32 pp. + 13 plates." type="book" year="1953">
Zimring (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A050A1014F18B235" box="[316,375,1831,1856]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1953.0">1953</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, photos of CI and CII regions and portions of all chromosomes, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A305A16A4C95B211" box="[617,762,1867,1892]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A305A16A4C95B211" box="[617,762,1867,1892]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[in part]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A218A16D4DA7B211" box="[884,968,1867,1892]" name="Canada" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA1484BFCB2F2" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1427,1902,1927]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA1484F01B2F2" author="Zimring" box="[199,366,1902,1927]" firstAuthor="Zimring" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="313" refId="ref121489" refString="Zimring, R. (1956) The salivary gland chromosomes of the Simuliidae. Bulletin of the Research Council of Israel, 5 B, 313." type="journal article" year="1956">
Zimring (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A05EA1484F01B2F2" box="[306,366,1902,1927]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1956.0">1956</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on recognition of 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A314A1494D66B2F2" box="[632,777,1902,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="lato" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A314A1494D66B2F2" box="[632,777,1902,1927]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97DF57DCFFBC6F70A27CA1564D57B2F2" box="[784,824,1902,1927]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as species complex of 
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A557A1494A26B2F2" box="[1083,1097,1903,1927]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="4.0">4</number>
or 
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A502A1484A13B2F2" box="[1134,1148,1902,1927]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="5.0">5</number>
sibling species): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A453A1484BFCB2F2" box="[1343,1427,1902,1927]" name="Canada" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBC6F70A1ABA1B44F21B286" blockId="94.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBC6F70A1ABA1B44F09B2DE" author="Landau" box="[199,358,1938,1963]" firstAuthor="Landau" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" pagination="921 - 939" refId="ref105584" refString="Landau, R. (1962) Four forms of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstr.) in southern Ontario: a salivary gland chromosome study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 921 - 939. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 082" type="journal article" year="1962">
Landau (
<number id="08502492FFBC6F70A046A1B44F09B2DE" box="[298,358,1938,1963]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" value="1962.0">1962</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, drawings of all chromosomes and IS and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBC6F70A290A1B54A48B2DE" box="[1020,1063,1939,1963]" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">IIIS</collectionCode>
polymorphisms, idiogram of IIS, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A3B7A1914D1FB2BA" box="[731,880,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A3B7A1914D1FB2BA" box="[731,880,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBC6F70A537A1914A80B2BA" box="[1115,1263,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="94" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBC6F70A537A1914A80B2BA" box="[1115,1263,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘AB sibling’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBC6F70A195A1FC4F21B286" box="[249,334,2010,2035]" name="Canada" pageId="94" pageNumber="95">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA6B14C82B5A0" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
Rothfels, Feraday &amp; Kaneps (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A347A6BE4C09B5C5" box="[555,614,152,176]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1978.0">1978</number>
, notes on partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A556A6B14ACBB5C5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1082,1188,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A556A6B14ACBB5C5" box="[1082,1188,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard, selected inversions mapped): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A3E1A69A4C82B5A0" box="[653,749,188,213]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA6F94A7EB58D" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[199,1041,223,248]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA6F94F1EB58D" author="Rothfels" box="[199,369,223,248]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="507 - 539" refId="ref116206" refString="Rothfels, K. H. (1979) Cytotaxonomy of black flies (Simuliidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 24, 507 - 539. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1146 / annurev. en. 24.010179.002451" type="journal article" year="1979">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A059A6C64F1EB58D" box="[309,369,224,248]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1979.0">1979</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, cytodendrogram, note on B chromosomes): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A2DDA6F94A7EB58D" box="[945,1041,223,248]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA7234DE2B468" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[199,909,260,285]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
Mason in 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A05BA7224F82B469" author="Rothfels" box="[311,493,260,285]" firstAuthor="Rothfels" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="19 - 29" refId="ref116320" refString="Rothfels, K. [H.] (1981 a) Cytotaxonomy: principles and their application to some northern species-complexes in Simulium. In: Laird, M. (Ed.), Blackflies: the Future for Biological Methods in Integrated Control. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, pp. 19 - 29." type="book chapter" year="1981" yearSuffix="a">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A0C9A7224FB0B469" box="[421,479,260,284]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1981.0">1981</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, note on sex chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A25FA7234DE2B468" box="[819,909,261,285]" name="Norway" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Norway</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA70E4D0AB412" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA70E4F09B435" author="Mason" box="[199,358,296,320]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="292 - 303" refId="ref106648" refString="Mason, G. F. (1982) Cytological studies of sibling species of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 292 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 039" type="journal article" year="1982">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A046A70E4F09B435" box="[298,358,296,320]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1982.0">1982</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, inversion breakpoints, new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ and ‘ 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A47AA70E4B41B435" box="[1302,1326,296,320]" name="Italy" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Y</collectingCountry>
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A443A7104B58B431" box="[1327,1335,310,324]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2.0">2</number>
’]; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A4EBA70E4F01B412" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A4EBA70E4F01B412" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A’, ‘AB’, and ‘ 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A34FA7694C54B412" box="[547,571,335,359]" name="Italy" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Y</collectingCountry>
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A357A77B4C2CB41E" box="[571,579,349,363]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2.0">2</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A308A7684CD4B412" box="[612,699,334,359]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A3AAA7764D4EB41D" box="[710,801,336,360]" name="Norway" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A241A7694D0AB412" box="[813,869,335,359]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA7504AFEB4C7" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA7504F30B4FB" author="Mason" box="[199,351,374,398]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="647 - 658" refId="ref106700" refString="Mason, G. F. (1984) Sex chromosome polymorphism in the Simulium tuberosum complex (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 647 - 658. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 84 - 096" type="journal article" year="1984">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A04FA7504F30B4FB" box="[291,351,374,398]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, hybrid with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A3DBA7504D56B4F8" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityYear="1927" box="[695,825,374,397]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perissum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A3DBA7504D56B4F8" box="[695,825,374,397]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. perissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as ‘CKL 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A2DFA7534A47B4FB" box="[947,1064,373,398]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A2DFA7534A47B4FB" box="[947,1064,373,398]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’], idiogram of IIS, interbreeding of cytoforms ‘A’ and ‘AB’; as ‘A 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A319A7BF4C85B4C7" box="[629,746,409,434]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A319A7BF4C85B4C7" box="[629,746,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ and ‘AB 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A20DA7BF4DB9B4C7" box="[865,982,409,434]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A20DA7BF4DB9B4C7" box="[865,982,409,434]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A29BA7BF4A21B4C7" box="[1015,1102,409,434]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A535A7BC4AFEB4C7" box="[1113,1169,410,434]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA79B4C48B48F" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA79B4F39B4A3" author="Adler" box="[199,342,445,470]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1" refId="ref84187" refString="Adler, P. H. (1986) Ecology and cytology of some Alberta black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A076A79B4F39B4A3" box="[282,342,445,470]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, hybrid with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A094A7984CF3B4A3" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityYear="1927" box="[504,668,445,470]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandalicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A094A7984CF3B4A3" box="[504,668,445,470]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. vandalicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as ‘cytospecies FG’], note on B chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A46AA7984BF3B4A3" box="[1286,1436,445,470]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A46AA7984BF3B4A3" box="[1286,1436,445,470]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytospecies AB’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A0BFA7C74C48B48F" box="[467,551,481,506]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA4234AFFB76B" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[199,1168,517,542]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA4234FC8B76B" author="Adler &amp; Kim" box="[199,423,517,542]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler &amp; Kim (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A007A4234FC8B76B" box="[363,423,517,542]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram of IIS; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A3E0A4204D72B76B" box="[652,797,517,542]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A3E0A4204D72B76B" box="[652,797,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytospecies ‘A’ and ‘AB’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A534A4204AFFB76B" box="[1112,1168,518,542]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA40F4A1BB737" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[199,1140,553,578]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA40F4F8BB737" author="Shipp &amp; Procunier" box="[199,484,553,578]" firstAuthor="Shipp" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1491 - 1499" refId="ref119124" refString="Shipp, J. L. &amp; Procunier, W. S. (1986) Seasonal occurrence of, development of, and the influences of selected environmental factors on the larvae of Prosimulium and Simulium species of blackflies (Diptera: Simuliidae) found in the rivers of southwestern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 64, 1491 - 1499. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 86 - 223" type="journal article" year="1986">
Shipp &amp; Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A0C4A40F4F8BB737" box="[424,484,553,578]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on sex chromosomes; as ‘FG/FG cytotype’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A54CA40F4A1BB737" box="[1056,1140,553,578]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA46B4CCBB7FF" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA46B4FB9B713" author="Adler &amp; Kuusela" box="[199,470,589,614]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="439 - 446" refId="ref84736" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kuusela, K. (1994) Cytological identities of Simulium tuberosum and S. vulgare (Diptera: Simuliidae), with notes on other Palearctic members of the S. tuberosum species-group. Entomologica Scandinavica, 25, 439 - 446. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631294 X 00207" type="journal article" year="1994">
Adler &amp; Kuusela (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A0F6A4684FB9B713" box="[410,470,590,614]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, hybrid with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A25EA4684DCAB713" authorityName="Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko" box="[818,933,589,614]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A25EA4684DCAB713" box="[818,933,589,614]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as ‘FGI’], note on sex chromosomes; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A4EBA4684F01B7FF" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A4EBA4684F01B7FF" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘AB cytospecies’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A323A4574CCBB7FF" box="[591,676,625,650]" name="Finland" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Finland</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA4B34D86B78C" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA4B34C44B7DB" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,555,661,686]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A083A4B04C44B7DB" box="[495,555,662,686]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, hybrids with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A5D4A4B04B2EB7D8" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityYear="1927" box="[1208,1345,662,685]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perissum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A5D4A4B04B2EB7D8" box="[1208,1345,662,685]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. perissum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A4EBA4B04F13B7A7" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityYear="1927" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandalicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A4EBA4B04F13B7A7" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. vandalicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, recognition of 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A342A49F4CBCB7A7" author="Landau's" box="[558,723,697,722]" firstAuthor="Landau's" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="921 - 939" refId="ref105584" refString="Landau, R. (1962) Four forms of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstr.) in southern Ontario: a salivary gland chromosome study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 921 - 939. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 082" type="journal article" year="1962">
Landau’s 
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A3F7A49F4CBCB7A7" box="[667,723,697,722]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1962.0">1962</number>
</bibRefCitation>
‘AB sibling’ and 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A2F1A49C4A54B7A7" author="Mason's" box="[925,1083,698,722]" firstAuthor="Mason's" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="292 - 303" refId="ref106648" refString="Mason, G. F. (1982) Cytological studies of sibling species of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 292 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 039" type="journal article" year="1982">
Mason’s 
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A56FA49C4A54B7A7" box="[1027,1083,698,722]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1982.0">1982</number>
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A52EA49C4ABDB7A7" box="[1090,1234,697,722]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A52EA49C4ABDB7A7" box="[1090,1234,697,722]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘A’ and ‘ 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A454A49C4B3FB7A7" box="[1336,1360,698,722]" name="Italy" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Y</collectingCountry>
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A43DA4EE4B36B7A3" box="[1361,1369,712,726]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2.0">2</number>
’ as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A4EBA49C4F01B78C" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A4EBA49C4F01B78C" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97DF57DCFFBD6F71A019A4C74FDDB78D" box="[373,434,737,760]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, status of cytotypes ‘A’ and ‘AB’): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A2E5A4C64D86B78C" box="[905,1001,736,761]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA5224FC2B634" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA5224C64B668" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,523,772,797]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1341 - 1352" refId="ref92976" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2004) Characteristic features of karyotypes in common species of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 83, 1341 - 1352. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2004">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A0A3A5234C64B668" box="[463,523,773,797]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on B chromosomes and general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A00EA50E4FC2B634" box="[354,429,808,833]" name="Russia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA56A4F89B6FC" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA56A4C77B610" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,536,844,869]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="253 - 263" refId="ref93097" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2006) B chromosome polymorphism of blackflies (Diptera, Simuliidae) from the northwestern region of Russia. Tsitologiya, 48, 253 - 263. [In Russian with English summary.]" type="journal article" year="2006">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A0B0A56A4C77B610" box="[476,536,844,869]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2006.0">2006</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, description of B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase complement): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A0F7A5564F89B6FC" box="[411,486,880,905]" name="Russia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA5B34FCCB6A4" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
Post, Krüger &amp; Somiari (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A097A5B24C58B6D8" box="[507,567,916,941]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2006.0">2006</number>
b, note on laser microdissection of polytene chromosomes for molecular analysis): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A007A59F4FCCB6A4" box="[363,419,953,977]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA5FA4CF0B16C" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA5FA4C65B680" author="Chubareva &amp; Petrova" box="[199,522,988,1013]" firstAuthor="Chubareva" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref93181" refString="Chubareva, L. A. &amp; Petrova, N. A. (2008 a) Tsitologicheskie Karty Politennykh Khromosom i Nekotorye Morfologicheskie Osobennosti Krovososushchikh Moshek Rossii i Sopredel'nykh Stran (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas [Cytological Maps of Polytene Chromosomes and Some Morphological Features of Bloodsucking Black Flies of Russia and Adjacent Countries (Diptera: Simuliidae): Atlas.] Tovarishchestvo Nauchnykh Izdanii KMK, St. Petersburg, Russia, 134 pp. + 218 plates. [In Russian.]" type="book" year="2008" yearSuffix="a">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A0A8A5FB4F91B680" box="[452,510,989,1013]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a
</bibRefCitation>
, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A33AA2264CF0B16C" box="[598,671,1024,1049]" name="Russia" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1FBA2024C52B148" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[151,573,1060,1085]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A1FBA2024C52B148" authority="Stains &amp; Knowlton" authorityName="Stains &amp; Knowlton" authorityYear="1940" box="[151,573,1060,1085]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="twinni">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A1FBA2024F30B148" bold="true" box="[151,351,1060,1085]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Simulium twinni</emphasis>
Stains &amp; Knowlton
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA26F4C8AB1F0" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA26F4F0BB114" author="Mason" box="[199,356,1097,1121]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="647 - 658" refId="ref106700" refString="Mason, G. F. (1984) Sex chromosome polymorphism in the Simulium tuberosum complex (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 647 - 658. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 84 - 096" type="journal article" year="1984">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A044A26F4F0BB114" box="[296,356,1097,1121]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on sex chromosomes, photo of sex chromosomes [
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBD6F71A565A26F4A51B115" box="[1033,1086,1097,1120]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">IIIL</collectionCode>
]; as ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A5EEA26E4A98B114" box="[1154,1271,1096,1121]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A5EEA26E4A98B114" box="[1154,1271,1096,1121]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
FG’ [in part: western FG/FG individuals]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A327A24A4CCDB1F0" box="[587,674,1132,1157]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A3C1A24B4C8AB1F0" box="[685,741,1133,1157]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA2B64B7BB1DC" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[199,1300,1168,1193]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA2B64C63B1DC" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,524,1168,1193]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A0BCA2B74C63B1DC" box="[464,524,1169,1193]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization of IIS arm, note on B chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A516A2B64ABEB1DC" box="[1146,1233,1168,1193]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A5B0A2B74B7BB1DC" box="[1244,1300,1169,1193]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1FBA2924CFEB1B8" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[151,657,1204,1229]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A1FBA2924CFEB1B8" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[151,657,1204,1229]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ubiquitum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A1FBA2924FFEB1B8" bold="true" box="[151,401,1204,1229]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Simulium ubiquitum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA2FE4C03B060" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA2FE4C7EB184" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,529,1240,1265]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A0B9A2FF4C7EB184" box="[469,529,1241,1265]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, original description of species, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A4EBA2FF4F01B060" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A4EBA2FF4F01B060" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A358A2DB4C03B060" box="[564,620,1277,1301]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1FBA3064C0CB04C" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[151,611,1312,1337]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A1FBA3064C0CB04C" authority="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityName="Dyar &amp; Shannon" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,611,1312,1337]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandalicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A1FBA3064FF0B04C" bold="true" box="[151,415,1312,1337]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Simulium vandalicum</emphasis>
Dyar &amp; Shannon
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA3624A50B028" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[199,1087,1348,1373]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA3624F02B028" author="Zimring" box="[199,365,1348,1373]" firstAuthor="Zimring" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref121444" refString="Zimring, R. (1953) A comparative study of the salivary gland chromosomes of five related black fly species. M. A. thesis. University of Toronto. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 32 pp. + 13 plates." type="book" year="1953">
Zimring (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A05EA3624F02B028" box="[306,365,1348,1373]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1953.0">1953</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram, photo of partial II; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A3B3A3634D1FB028" box="[735,880,1348,1373]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A3B3A3634D1FB028" box="[735,880,1348,1373]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[in part]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A287A3624A50B028" box="[1003,1087,1348,1373]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA34E4F21B0BC" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA34E4F04B0F4" author="Landau" box="[199,363,1384,1409]" firstAuthor="Landau" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="921 - 939" refId="ref105584" refString="Landau, R. (1962) Four forms of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstr.) in southern Ontario: a salivary gland chromosome study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 921 - 939. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 082" type="journal article" year="1962">
Landau (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A043A34E4F04B0F4" box="[303,363,1384,1409]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1962.0">1962</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, drawings of IS and IIS and IS and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFBD6F71A28BA34F4A7CB0F4" box="[999,1043,1385,1409]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">IIIS</collectionCode>
polymorphisms, idiogram of IIS, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A3B0A3AB4D1EB0D0" box="[732,881,1420,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A3B0A3AB4D1EB0D0" box="[732,881,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A531A3AB4A9DB0D0" box="[1117,1266,1420,1445]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A531A3AB4A9DB0D0" box="[1117,1266,1420,1445]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘FG sibling’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A195A3964F21B0BC" box="[249,334,1456,1481]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA3F34B03B098" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[199,1388,1492,1517]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA3F34F31B098" author="Mason" box="[199,350,1493,1517]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="292 - 303" refId="ref106648" refString="Mason, G. F. (1982) Cytological studies of sibling species of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 292 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 039" type="journal article" year="1982">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A04EA3F34F31B098" box="[290,350,1493,1517]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1982.0">1982</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, inversion breakpoints, Y-chromosome polymorphism; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A280A3F34A12B098" box="[1004,1149,1492,1517]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A280A3F34A12B098" box="[1004,1149,1492,1517]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘FG’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A5BEA3F24B46B098" box="[1234,1321,1492,1517]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A458A3F34B03B098" box="[1332,1388,1493,1517]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA3DF4DE1B340" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA3DF4F0EB364" author="Mason" box="[199,353,1529,1553]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="647 - 658" refId="ref106700" refString="Mason, G. F. (1984) Sex chromosome polymorphism in the Simulium tuberosum complex (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 647 - 658. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 84 - 096" type="journal article" year="1984">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A049A3DF4F0EB364" box="[293,353,1529,1553]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, description of sex chromosomes, hybrids with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A2EBA3DF4A4AB364" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityYear="2004" box="[903,1061,1528,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="conundrum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A2EBA3DF4A4AB364" box="[903,1061,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. conundrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as ‘FGH 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A5CFA3DE4B77B364" box="[1187,1304,1528,1553]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A5CFA3DE4B77B364" box="[1187,1304,1528,1553]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’], photo of sex chromosomes [IIS]; as ‘FG 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A332A03A4CBCB340" box="[606,723,1564,1589]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A332A03A4CBCB340" box="[606,723,1564,1589]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A398A03A4D24B340" box="[756,843,1564,1589]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A23AA03B4DE1B340" box="[854,910,1565,1589]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA0664DDBB308" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA0664F3EB32C" author="Adler" box="[199,337,1600,1625]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1" refId="ref84187" refString="Adler, P. H. (1986) Ecology and cytology of some Alberta black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A079A0664F3EB32C" box="[277,337,1600,1625]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, hybrid with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A08FA0674C1CB32C" box="[483,627,1600,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A08FA0674C1CB32C" box="[483,627,1600,1625]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as ‘cytospecies AB’]; notes on B chromosomes, sex chromosomes, and triploid individual; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A09DA0434CEDB308" box="[497,642,1636,1661]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A09DA0434CEDB308" box="[497,642,1636,1661]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytospecies FG’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A20CA0424DDBB308" box="[864,948,1636,1661]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA0AE4A5CB3D4" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[199,1075,1672,1697]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA0AE4FC8B3D4" author="Adler &amp; Kim" box="[199,423,1672,1697]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1" refId="ref84689" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kim, K. C. (1986) The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera): bionomics, taxonomy and distribution. Pennsylvania State University College of Agriculture Bulletin, 856, 1 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler &amp; Kim (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A007A0AE4FC8B3D4" box="[363,423,1672,1697]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, idiogram of IIS; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A3E0A0AF4D72B3D4" box="[652,797,1672,1697]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A3E0A0AF4D72B3D4" box="[652,797,1672,1697]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytospecies FG’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A297A0AF4A5CB3D4" box="[1019,1075,1673,1697]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA08A4C9EB278" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA08A4C60B3B0" author="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[199,527,1708,1733]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" refId="ref85312" refString="Adler, P. H., Currie, D. C. &amp; Wood, D. M. (2004) The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY, xv + 941 pp. + 24 color plates." type="book" year="2004">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A0BFA08B4C60B3B0" box="[467,527,1709,1733]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="2004.0">2004</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, hybrid with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A535A08B4A84B3B0" box="[1113,1259,1708,1733]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A535A08B4A84B3B0" box="[1113,1259,1708,1733]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘cytotype AB’, possible sibling species, recognition of 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A389A0F64DFBB39C" author="Landau's" box="[741,916,1744,1769]" firstAuthor="Landau's" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="921 - 939" refId="ref105584" refString="Landau, R. (1962) Four forms of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstr.) in southern Ontario: a salivary gland chromosome study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 40, 921 - 939. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 62 - 082" type="journal article" year="1962">
Landau’s 
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A230A0F64DFBB39C" box="[860,916,1744,1769]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1962.0">1962</number>
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A2C9A0F74A2FB39C" box="[933,1088,1744,1769]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A2C9A0F74A2FB39C" box="[933,1088,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘FG’ as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A5ADA0F74FE5B278" authority=", Ychromosome" authorityName="Ychromosome" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vandalicum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A5ADA0F74B06B39C" box="[1217,1385,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. vandalicum</emphasis>
, Ychromosome
</taxonomicName>
polymorphisms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A33BA0D24CC1B278" box="[599,686,1780,1805]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A3D5A0D34C9EB278" box="[697,753,1781,1805]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1FBA13E4D61B244" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[151,782,1816,1841]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A1FBA13E4D61B244" authority="Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko" authorityName="Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko" box="[151,782,1816,1841]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A1FBA13E4F02B244" bold="true" box="[151,365,1816,1841]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Simulium vulgare</emphasis>
Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA11B4C04B2E8" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA11B4F0CB220" author="Mason" box="[199,355,1853,1877]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="292 - 303" refId="ref106648" refString="Mason, G. F. (1982) Cytological studies of sibling species of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 292 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 039" type="journal article" year="1982">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A045A11B4F0CB220" box="[297,355,1853,1877]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1982.0">1982</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; drawing of IIS; inversions mapped; notes on comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A459A11A4BF3B220" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1333,1436,1852,1877]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A459A11A4BF3B220" box="[1333,1436,1852,1877]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard; photos of IS, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A3E4A1474CCBB20D" box="[648,676,1889,1912]" name="Iceland" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">IL</collectingCountry>
, and IIS; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A563A1474ACFB20C" box="[1039,1184,1888,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A563A1474ACFB20C" box="[1039,1184,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A4EBA1474F01B2E8" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A4EBA1474F01B2E8" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘FGI’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A0A0A1A34C48B2E8" box="[460,551,1925,1949]" name="Norway" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Norway</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A35FA1A34C04B2E8" box="[563,619,1925,1949]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA18F4AD8B2B4" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[199,1207,1960,1985]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA18F4F32B2B4" author="Mason" box="[199,349,1961,1985]" firstAuthor="Mason" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="647 - 658" refId="ref106700" refString="Mason, G. F. (1984) Sex chromosome polymorphism in the Simulium tuberosum complex (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 647 - 658. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 84 - 096" type="journal article" year="1984">
Mason (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A04EA18F4F32B2B4" box="[290,349,1961,1985]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1984.0">1984</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, notes on B chromosomes and inversions; as ‘FGI 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFBD6F71A2EAA18E4D94B2B4" box="[902,1019,1960,1985]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFBD6F71A2EAA18E4D94B2B4" box="[902,1019,1960,1985]" italics="true" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A571A18E4A1BB2B4" box="[1053,1140,1960,1985]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A513A18F4AD8B2B4" box="[1151,1207,1961,1985]" name="United States of America" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFBD6F71A1ABA1EA4CA8B290" blockId="95.[151,1436,151,2021]" box="[199,711,1996,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FFBD6F71A1ABA1EA4F3DB290" author="Adler" box="[199,338,1996,2021]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" pagination="1" refId="ref84187" refString="Adler, P. H. (1986) Ecology and cytology of some Alberta black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 22, 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1986">
Adler (
<number id="08502492FFBD6F71A07AA1EA4F3DB290" box="[278,338,1996,2021]" pageId="95" pageNumber="96" value="1986.0">1986</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, note on polymorphism): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFBD6F71A31FA1EA4CA8B290" box="[627,711,1996,2021]" name="Canada" pageId="95" pageNumber="96">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1ABA6B14F20B58D" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF826F4EA1ABA6B14F8DB5C5" author="Adler &amp; Kuusela" box="[199,482,151,176]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="439 - 446" refId="ref84736" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kuusela, K. (1994) Cytological identities of Simulium tuberosum and S. vulgare (Diptera: Simuliidae), with notes on other Palearctic members of the S. tuberosum species-group. Entomologica Scandinavica, 25, 439 - 446. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631294 X 00207" type="journal article" year="1994">
Adler &amp; Kuusela (
<number id="08502492FF826F4EA0CAA6BE4F8DB5C5" box="[422,482,152,176]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, hybrid with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA221A6BE4D8BB5C5" box="[845,996,151,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA221A6BE4D8BB5C5" box="[845,996,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
[as ‘AB’], note on B chromosomes, recognition of 
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF826F4EA0C5A69A4C23B5A1" author="Mason's" box="[425,588,188,212]" firstAuthor="Mason's" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="292 - 303" refId="ref106648" refString="Mason, G. F. (1982) Cytological studies of sibling species of Simulium tuberosum (Lundstrom) (Diptera: Simuliidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 292 - 303. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 82 - 039" type="journal article" year="1982">
Mason’s 
<number id="08502492FF826F4EA378A69A4C23B5A1" box="[532,588,188,212]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1982.0">1982</number>
</bibRefCitation>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA335A69B4C80B5A0" box="[601,751,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA335A69B4C80B5A0" box="[601,751,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘FGI’ as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA200A69B4D8DB5A0" authorityName="Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko" box="[876,994,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vulgare">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA200A69B4D8DB5A0" box="[876,994,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. vulgare</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA576A69B4ADEB5A0" box="[1050,1201,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA576A69B4ADEB5A0" box="[1050,1201,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘FGI cytospecies’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA195A6F94F20B58D" box="[249,335,223,248]" name="Finland" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Finland</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1FBA7224FC7B468" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[151,424,260,285]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA1FBA7224FC7B468" authority="Takaoka" authorityName="Takaoka" authorityYear="2001" box="[151,424,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="weji">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA1FBA7224F2AB468" bold="true" box="[151,325,260,285]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Simulium weji</emphasis>
Takaoka
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1ABA7014ADDB410" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF826F4EA1ABA7014FCDB435" author="Tangkawanit" box="[199,418,295,320]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref120070" refString="Tangkawanit, U. (2008) Cytogenetics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Doctoral thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 285 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Tangkawanit (
<number id="08502492FF826F4EA00AA70E4FCDB435" box="[358,418,296,320]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA01CA76B4C6EB410" box="[368,513,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA01CA76B4C6EB410" box="[368,513,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA38AA76A4D3FB410" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[742,848,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA38AA76A4D3FB410" box="[742,848,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA522A76A4ADDB410" box="[1102,1202,332,357]" name="Thailand" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1ABA7494B46B4D8" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF826F4EA1ABA7494D38B4FD" author="Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler" box="[199,855,367,392]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="289 - 315" refId="ref120104" refString="Tangkawanit, U., Kuvangkadilok, C., Baimai, V. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) Cytosystematics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 289 - 315. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00433. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FF826F4EA277A7564D38B4FD" box="[795,855,368,392]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA08BA7B34C16B4D8" box="[487,633,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA08BA7B34C16B4D8" box="[487,633,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA231A7B24DA8B4D8" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[861,967,404,429]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA231A7B24DA8B4D8" box="[861,967,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA5A9A7B24B46B4D8" box="[1221,1321,404,429]" name="Thailand" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1FBA7914C03B4A5" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[151,620,439,464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA1FBA7914C03B4A5" authority="Takaoka &amp; Choochote" authorityName="Takaoka &amp; Choochote" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,620,439,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="yuphae">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA1FBA7914F05B4A5" bold="true" box="[151,362,439,464]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Simulium yuphae</emphasis>
Takaoka &amp; Choochote
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1ABA7FA4FBBB748" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF826F4EA1ABA7FA4FCAB481" author="Tangkawanit" box="[199,421,476,501]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref120070" refString="Tangkawanit, U. (2008) Cytogenetics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Doctoral thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 285 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Tangkawanit (
<number id="08502492FF826F4EA005A7FA4FCAB481" box="[361,421,476,500]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA527A7FB4A07B481" box="[1099,1128,477,500]" name="Iceland" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF826F4EA5C5A7FB4AB6B481" box="[1193,1241,477,500]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">IIIL</collectionCode>
, polymorphisms, and polytene complement; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA246A4264DD1B76D" box="[810,958,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA246A4264DD1B76D" box="[810,958,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA5C3A7D94B76B76D" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1199,1305,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA5C3A7D94B76B76D" box="[1199,1305,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA01CA4024FBBB748" box="[368,468,548,573]" name="Thailand" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1ABA4614F32B7DD" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF826F4EA1ABA4614D48B715" author="Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler" box="[199,807,583,608]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="289 - 315" refId="ref120104" refString="Tangkawanit, U., Kuvangkadilok, C., Baimai, V. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) Cytosystematics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 289 - 315. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00433. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FF826F4EA387A46E4D48B715" box="[747,807,584,608]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization; idiogram; inversions mapped; photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA07BA44B4F5BB7F1" box="[279,308,621,644]" name="Iceland" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, and 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FF826F4EA0F2A44B4FA1B7F1" box="[414,462,621,644]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">IIIL</collectionCode>
; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA3ABA44B4D37B7F0" box="[711,856,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA3ABA44B4D37B7F0" box="[711,856,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA550A44A4AC9B7F0" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[1084,1190,620,645]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA550A44A4AC9B7F0" box="[1084,1190,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA195A4A94F32B7DD" box="[249,349,655,680]" name="Thailand" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1FBA4924A7AB7B8" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[151,1045,692,717]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA1FBA4924F64B7B8" authority="Unknown" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,267,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA1FBA4924F64B7B8" bold="true" box="[151,267,692,717]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘Unknown species 
<number id="08502492FF826F4EA085A4924F94B7B9" box="[489,507,692,716]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="2.0">2</number>
’ Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1ABA4F14AFAB660" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF826F4EA1ABA4F14FCFB785" author="Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler Tangkawanit" box="[199,416,727,752]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" refId="ref120070" refString="Tangkawanit, U. (2008) Cytogenetics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Doctoral thesis, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand, 285 pp." type="book" year="2008">
Tangkawanit (
<number id="08502492FF826F4EA00AA4FE4FCFB785" box="[358,416,728,752]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="2008.0">2008</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA000A4DB4F96B660" box="[364,505,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA000A4DB4F96B660" box="[364,505,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA3BBA4DA4D51B660" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[727,830,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA3BBA4DA4D51B660" box="[727,830,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA558A4DA4AFAB660" box="[1076,1173,764,789]" name="Thailand" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1ABA5394AFAB628" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF826F4EA1ABA5394D78B64D" author="Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler" box="[199,791,799,824]" firstAuthor="Tangkawanit" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="289 - 315" refId="ref120104" refString="Tangkawanit, U., Kuvangkadilok, C., Baimai, V. &amp; Adler, P. H. (2009) Cytosystematics of the Simulium tuberosum group (Diptera: Simuliidae) in Thailand. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 155, 289 - 315. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2008.00433. x" type="journal article" year="2009">
Tangkawanit, Kuvangkadilok, Baimai &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FF826F4EA3B1A5064D78B64D" box="[733,791,800,824]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="2009.0">2009</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA000A5634F96B628" box="[364,505,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA000A5634F96B628" box="[364,505,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard and 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA3BBA5624D51B628" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[727,830,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA3BBA5624D51B628" box="[727,830,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA558A5624AFAB628" box="[1076,1173,836,861]" name="Thailand" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Thailand</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1FBA5414C3DB6F5" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" box="[151,594,871,896]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA1FBA5414F63B6F5" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" box="[151,268,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA1FBA5414F63B6F5" bold="true" box="[151,268,871,896]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘unnamed’ Adler &amp; Kuusela
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FF826F4EA1ABA5AA4F0AB6BD" blockId="96.[151,1437,151,968]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">
<bibRefCitation id="DA094B44FF826F4EA1ABA5AA4FB6B6D1" author="Adler &amp; Kuusela Adler &amp; Kuusela" box="[199,473,908,933]" firstAuthor="Adler" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" pagination="439 - 446" refId="ref84736" refString="Adler, P. H. &amp; Kuusela, K. (1994) Cytological identities of Simulium tuberosum and S. vulgare (Diptera: Simuliidae), with notes on other Palearctic members of the S. tuberosum species-group. Entomologica Scandinavica, 25, 439 - 446. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 187631294 X 00207" type="journal article" year="1994">
Adler &amp; Kuusela (
<number id="08502492FF826F4EA0F3A5AA4FB6B6D1" box="[415,473,908,932]" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" value="1994.0">1994</number>
</bibRefCitation>
, characterization, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FF826F4EA283A5AB4AEEB6D0" box="[1007,1153,908,933]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Archesimulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="96" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuberosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FF826F4EA283A5AB4AEEB6D0" box="[1007,1153,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">S. tuberosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA43DA5AA4BF3B6D0" box="[1361,1436,908,933]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">Britain</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FF826F4EA06CA5894F31B6BD" box="[256,350,943,968]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="96" pageNumber="97">England</collectingCountry>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>