treatments-xml/data/36/31/87/363187A3FFB66F79A1FBA0CA4C42B12D.xml

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<mods:title id="C5F74BC9FDC21798F9572BB0AD8C1D2F">Cytotaxonomy of the Simuliidae (Diptera): a systematic and bibliographic conspectus</mods:title>
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<treatment id="363187A3FFB66F79A1FBA0CA4C42B12D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093667" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119632213" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6093667" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:363187A3FFB66F79A1FBA0CA4C42B12D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/363187A3FFB66F79A1FBA0CA4C42B12D" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<subSubSection id="F682653EFFB66F7AA1FBA0CA4C7FB273" box="[151,528,1772,1798]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB66F7AA1FBA0CA4C7FB273" blockId="84.[151,528,1772,1798]" box="[151,528,1772,1798]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="E56F81D9FFB66F7AA1FBA0CA4C7FB273" bold="true" box="[151,528,1772,1798]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" reason="1">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB66F7AA1FBA0CA4C7FB273" bold="true" box="[151,528,1772,1798]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB66F7AA1FBA0CA4F31B273" ID-CoL="8DXDB" ID-ENA="357429" box="[151,350,1772,1798]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyschevi">MALYSCHEVI</taxonomicName>
species-group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F682653EFFB66F79A1FBA1144C42B12D" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" type="checklist">
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB66F7AA1FBA1144C64B23E" blockId="84.[151,1436,1842,1975]" box="[151,523,1842,1867]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB66F7AA1FBA1144C64B23E" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,523,1842,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acrotrichum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB66F7AA1FBA1144FC7B23E" bold="true" box="[151,424,1842,1867]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Simulium acrotrichum</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB66F7AA1ABA1704B06B2E6" blockId="84.[151,1436,1842,1975]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
Adler &amp; Huang (
<number id="08502492FFB66F7AA0C8A1714FB0B21A" box="[420,479,1879,1903]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" value="2011.0">2011</number>
, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB66F7AA545A1714A2AB21B" box="[1065,1093,1879,1902]" name="Iceland" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, IIL, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFB66F7AA5A1A1714A96B21A" box="[1229,1273,1879,1903]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">IIIS</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFB66F7AA462A1714B53B21B" box="[1294,1340,1879,1902]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">IIIL</collectionCode>
, and B chromosomes; chromosomal phylogeny; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB66F7AA2CEA15C4A66B2E6" box="[930,1033,1914,1939]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB66F7AA2CEA15C4A66B2E6" box="[930,1033,1914,1939]" italics="true" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB66F7AA593A15C4B06B2E6" box="[1279,1385,1914,1939]" name="Mongolia" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB66F7AA1FBA1B84CF5B2C2" blockId="84.[151,1436,1842,1975]" box="[151,666,1950,1975]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB66F7AA1FBA1B84CF5B2C2" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,666,1950,1975]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="84" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apricarium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB66F7AA1FBA1B84FF5B2C2" bold="true" box="[151,410,1950,1975]" pageId="84" pageNumber="85">Simulium apricarium</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA6B14B7FB5A1" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA08FA6BE4C70B5C5" box="[483,543,152,176]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, inversions mapped, original description of species, photo of IIS, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA2B0A69A4A35B5A1" box="[988,1114,188,212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA2B0A69A4A35B5A1" box="[988,1114,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA6F94F5EB46E" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields, Clausen, Marchion, Michel, Styren, Riggin, Santoro &amp; Strizich (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA57DA6F94A22B58D" box="[1041,1101,223,248]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2006.0">2006</number>
, selected inversion mapped): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA195A7254F5EB46E" box="[249,305,259,283]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA7004C12B416" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields, Pickens, Clausen &amp; Strizich (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA31FA7014CC0B44A" box="[627,687,295,319]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2007.0">2007</number>
, notes on polymorphisms, possible hybrids with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA5B3A7014B0FB44A" box="[1247,1376,295,319]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA5B3A7014B0FB44A" box="[1247,1376,295,319]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97DF57DCFFB76F7BA404A70E4BFAB44A" box="[1384,1429,296,319]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" sensu="stricto">s. s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, selected inversions mapped): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA329A76D4C12B416" box="[581,637,331,355]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA7484C82B4F2" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,749,366,391]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA044A7494F0BB4F2" box="[296,356,367,391]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2013.0">2013</number>
, notes on sex chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA3D9A7494C82B4F2" box="[693,749,367,391]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1FBA7B44C33B4DE" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,604,402,427]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA1FBA7B44F8EB4DE" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[151,481,402,427]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA1FBA7B44F11B4DE" bold="true" box="[151,382,402,427]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Simulium arcticum</emphasis>
Malloch
</taxonomicName>
(complex)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA7904C59B763" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFB76F7BA1ABA7904F7BB4BB" box="[199,276,438,462]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">NOTE</collectionCode>
: Included under 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA0A2A7904C22B4BB" box="[462,589,438,462]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA0A2A7904C22B4BB" box="[462,589,438,462]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(complex) are the following works that refer generally to the complex or to cytoforms not currently assigned to nominal species of the 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA2C1A7FC4A25B487" box="[941,1098,473,498]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyschevi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA2C1A7FC4A25B487" box="[941,1098,473,498]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. malyschevi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group and for which specific status is not known.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA4074AC6B74F" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1193,545,570]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA059A4074F1EB74C" box="[309,369,545,569]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, note on comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA3F5A4074D6CB74F" box="[665,771,545,570]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA3F5A4074D6CB74F" box="[665,771,545,570]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
subgeneric standard): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA525A4074AC6B74F" box="[1097,1193,545,570]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA4624DD2B7F4" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA0A2A4634C65B728" box="[462,522,581,605]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, inversions mapped; new cytoforms recognized [‘ 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA55BA4634A29B728" box="[1079,1094,581,605]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1.0">1</number>
’ through ‘ 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA5DBA4634AB3B728" box="[1207,1244,581,605]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="10.0">10</number>
’], some probably representing valid species; photos of partial IIL): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA24FA44E4D15B7F4" box="[803,890,616,641]" name="Canada" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA2E9A44F4DD2B7F4" box="[901,957,617,641]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA4AA4DADB7BD" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields, Clausen, Marchion, Michel, Styren, Riggin, Santoro &amp; Strizich (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA56AA4AA4A2DB7D0" box="[1030,1090,652,677]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2006.0">2006</number>
, diagnostic inversion mapped, new cytoform recognized [‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA30FA4964CEDB7BD" box="[611,642,688,712]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="18.0">18</number>
’], photo of partial IIL): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA2E6A4964DADB7BD" box="[906,962,688,712]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA4F54F8CB665" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields, Pickens, Clausen &amp; Strizich (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA301A4F24CC6B799" box="[621,681,724,748]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2007.0">2007</number>
, inversions mapped, new cytoforms recognized [‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA467A4F24B46B799" box="[1291,1321,724,748]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="10.0">10</number>
’ and ‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA195A4DE4F64B665" box="[249,267,760,784]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="9.0">9</number>
’ = ‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA007A4DE4FE5B665" box="[363,394,760,784]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="19.0">19</number>
’]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA0C7A4DE4F8CB665" box="[427,483,760,784]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA53D4AD6B641" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1209,795,820]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Adler &amp; Huang (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA0E8A53D4FD0B646" box="[388,447,795,819]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2011.0">2011</number>
, notes on partial comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA22CA53A4D8AB641" box="[832,997,795,820]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acrotrichum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA22CA53A4D8AB641" box="[832,997,795,820]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. acrotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): [North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA523A53D4ADCB641" box="[1103,1203,795,820]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA5184AF0B60E" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA05FA5194F02B622" box="[307,365,831,855]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2013.0">2013</number>
, frequencies of B chromosomes, pericentric inversions, selected paracentric inversions, translocations, and triploids; photos of IIS and IIL; selected inversions mapped): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA504A5454AF0B60E" box="[1128,1183,867,891]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1FBA5A04C4CB6EB" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,547,902,927]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA1FBA5A04F8EB6EA" authority="Malloch" authorityName="Malloch" box="[151,481,902,927]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA1FBA5A04F11B6EA" bold="true" box="[151,382,902,927]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Simulium arcticum</emphasis>
Malloch
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97DF57DCFFB76F7BA085A5A14C4CB6EB" box="[489,547,903,926]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA58C4F21B17F" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields &amp; Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA0D4A58C4F9BB6B7" box="[440,500,938,962]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1982.0">1982</number>
, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of centromere polymorphisms and sex chromosomes, possible sibling species, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA2DAA5E84A58B693" box="[950,1079,974,998]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA2DAA5E84A58B693" box="[950,1079,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as ‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA465A5E84B79B693" box="[1289,1302,974,998]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="3.0">3</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA473A5E94BEEB693" box="[1311,1409,975,998]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA473A5E94BEEB693" box="[1311,1409,975,998]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA195A5D74F21B17F" box="[249,334,1009,1034]" name="Canada" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA2334BFBB15B" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1428,1045,1070]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA02FA2304F10B15B" box="[323,383,1046,1070]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, note on polytene chromosomes from adult Malpighian tubules; as ‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA5C4A2304ADAB15B" box="[1192,1205,1046,1070]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="3.0">3</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA5D0A2304B70B158" box="[1212,1311,1046,1069]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA5D0A2304B70B158" box="[1212,1311,1046,1069]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA42CA2334BFBB15B" box="[1344,1428,1045,1070]" name="Canada" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA21F4F89B100" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Procunier, Shemanchuk &amp; Barr (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA35AA21F4C1DB124" box="[566,626,1081,1105]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, note on polytene chromosomes from adult Malpighian tubules; as ‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA195A27B4F68B100" box="[249,263,1117,1141]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="3.0">3</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA062A27B4F1EB101" box="[270,369,1117,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA062A27B4F1EB101" box="[270,369,1117,1140]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA0FEA27A4F89B100" box="[402,486,1116,1141]" name="Canada" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA2A64D53B195" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA0BAA2A74C7DB1EC" box="[470,530,1153,1177]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, correction of original IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA592A2A74B65B1EC" box="[1278,1290,1153,1177]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="3.0">3</number>
breakpoints, inversions mapped, photo of polytene complement, recognition of ‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA53BA2834A0BB1C8" box="[1111,1124,1189,1213]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="3.0">3</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA51EA2834ABAB1C9" box="[1138,1237,1189,1212]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA51EA2834ABAB1C9" box="[1138,1237,1189,1212]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ of Shields and Procunier 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA000A2EE4FCBB195" box="[364,420,1224,1248]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1982.0">1982</number>
as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA0A6A2EE4C27B195" box="[458,584,1224,1248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA0A6A2EE4C27B195" box="[458,584,1224,1248]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97DF57DCFFB76F7BA323A2EE4C14B195" box="[591,635,1224,1248]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" sensu="stricto">s. s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA3B7A2E14D53B195" box="[731,828,1223,1248]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA2CD4F5EB05D" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields, Clausen, Marchion, Michel, Styren, Riggin, Santoro &amp; Strizich (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA293A2CD4A54B071" box="[1023,1083,1259,1284]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2006.0">2006</number>
, diagnostic inversion mapped): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA195A3364F5EB05D" box="[249,305,1296,1320]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA3154F5EB01A" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields, Pickens, Clausen &amp; Strizich (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA30BA3154CCCB03E" box="[615,675,1331,1355]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2007.0">2007</number>
, diagnostic inversion mapped, possible hybrids with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA59DA3124BE4B03E" box="[1265,1419,1332,1355]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apricarium">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA59DA3124BE4B03E" box="[1265,1419,1332,1355]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. apricarium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA195A3714F5EB01A" box="[249,305,1367,1391]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA35C4C15B0AF" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields, Christianes, Van Leuven &amp; Hartman (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA3A9A35D4C90B0E6" box="[709,767,1403,1427]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2009.0">2009</number>
, characterization of new cytoforms [‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA5A5A35D4B6FB0E6" box="[1225,1280,1403,1427]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="3.23">3, 23</number>
, 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA461A35D4B42B0E6" box="[1293,1325,1403,1427]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="24.0">24</number>
’ and ‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA195A3B94F73B0C2" box="[249,284,1439,1463]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="22.0">22</number>
’]; inversions mapped; photos of chromocenter, CII region, IS, IIL, and selected polymorphisms; sexchromosome polymorphism): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA32FA3E44C15B0AF" box="[579,634,1474,1498]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA3C34B46B357" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields &amp; Kratochvil (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA0BAA3C04C7EB08B" box="[470,529,1510,1534]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2011.0">2011</number>
, characterization, new cytoform recognized [‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA50FA3C04AEDB08B" box="[1123,1154,1510,1534]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="21.0">21</number>
’], photos of partial IIL, possible incipient speciation, selected IIL inversions mapped, sex-chromosome diversity): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA59DA02C4B46B357" box="[1265,1321,1546,1570]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA00B4D74B333" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,795,1581,1606]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA044A0084F0BB333" box="[296,356,1582,1606]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2013.0">2013</number>
, frequencies of B chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA38FA0084D74B333" box="[739,795,1582,1606]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA0774CBDB3F8" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA047A0774F0AB31C" box="[299,357,1617,1641]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2014.0">2014</number>
, characterization of new cytoform [‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA250A0774D33B31C" box="[828,860,1617,1641]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="79.0">79</number>
’], photos of IIL and IIS, possible hybrids with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA4E4A0744F38B3F8" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA4E4A0744F38B3F8" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. saxosum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sex-chromosome diversity): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA3F7A0534CBDB3F8" box="[667,722,1653,1677]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1FBA0BE4CEBB3C5" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[151,644,1688,1713]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA1FBA0BE4CEBB3C5" authority="Knowlton &amp; Rowe" authorityName="Knowlton &amp; Rowe" box="[151,644,1688,1713]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicercum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA1FBA0BE4FC7B3C4" bold="true" box="[151,424,1688,1713]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Simulium brevicercum</emphasis>
Knowlton &amp; Rowe
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA09A4ADCB3A0" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1203,1724,1749]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields &amp; Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA0D5A09B4F9BB3A0" box="[441,500,1725,1749]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1981.0">1981</number>
, note on discovery of sibling species; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA2D2A09B4A0CB3A1" box="[958,1123,1725,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA2D2A09B4A0CB3A1" box="[958,1123,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Gnus arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA517A09B4ADCB3A0" box="[1147,1203,1725,1749]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA0F94CD3B235" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Shields &amp; Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA0A9A0C64C6EB38D" box="[453,513,1760,1784]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1982.0">1982</number>
, B chromosomes; characterization; chosen as standard banding sequence for 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA4EBA0C64F33B269" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA4EBA0C64F33B269" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex; photos of B chromosomes, IS, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA221A1224D05B26E" box="[845,874,1796,1819]" name="Iceland" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">IL</collectingCountry>
, IIS, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFB76F7BA2C3A1224DB2B269" box="[943,989,1796,1820]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">IIIS</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFB76F7BA281A1224A72B26E" box="[1005,1053,1796,1819]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">IIIL</collectionCode>
, and low-magnification polytene complement; as ‘IIL-st 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA36CA10E4C0CB24A" box="[512,611,1832,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA36CA10E4C0CB24A" box="[512,611,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA3E8A10E4CD3B235" box="[644,700,1832,1856]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA16D4DADB216" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,962,1867,1892]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA02FA16D4F10B216" box="[323,383,1867,1891]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, photos of IIS and IIL; as ‘IIL-st 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA398A16A4D38B216" box="[756,855,1868,1891]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA398A16A4D38B216" box="[756,855,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA212A16D4DD4B216" box="[894,955,1867,1891]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA1484A3FB2F2" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1104,1902,1927]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Procunier, Shemanchuk &amp; Barr (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA35AA1494C1DB2F2" box="[566,626,1903,1927]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, photo of IIS; as ‘IIL-st 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA2EDA1564D8CB2F2" box="[897,995,1904,1927]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA2EDA1564D8CB2F2" box="[897,995,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA560A1494A26B2F2" box="[1036,1097,1903,1927]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB76F7BA1ABA1B44C66B287" blockId="85.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA0BAA1B54C7FB2DE" box="[470,528,1939,1963]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, possible sibling species, recognition of ‘IIL-st 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA09EA1914C3AB2BB" box="[498,597,1975,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA09EA1914C3AB2BB" box="[498,597,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ of Shields and Procunier 
<number id="08502492FFB76F7BA2EBA1914DD0B2BA" box="[903,959,1975,1999]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" value="1982.0">1982</number>
as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA28BA1914AE1B2BA" box="[999,1166,1974,1999]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevicercum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA28BA1914AE1B2BA" box="[999,1166,1974,1999]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. brevicercum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB76F7BA4E4A1914F36B287" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB76F7BA4E4A1914F36B287" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB76F7BA0BEA1FC4C66B287" box="[466,521,2010,2034]" name="United States of America" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA6B14F5EB5A1" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Shields, Pickens, Clausen &amp; Strizich (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A31BA6BE4CDCB5C5" box="[631,691,152,176]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2007.0">2007</number>
, photos of IS, IIS, 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFB46F78A2FEA6BE4DADB5DA" box="[914,962,152,175]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">IIIL</collectionCode>
, and partial 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A53FA6BE4A1EB5DA" box="[1107,1137,152,175]" name="Iceland" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">IL</collectingCountry>
; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A5CCA6BE4B4FB5C5" box="[1184,1312,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A5CCA6BE4B4FB5C5" box="[1184,1312,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A195A69A4F5EB5A1" box="[249,305,188,212]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1FBA6F94CD9B58D" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,694,223,248]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A1FBA6F94CD9B58D" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,694,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chromatinum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A1FBA6F94FD9B58D" bold="true" box="[151,438,223,248]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Simulium chromatinum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA7224CF5B435" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0B2A7224C76B469" box="[478,537,260,284]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, inversions mapped, original description of species): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A30EA70E4CF5B435" box="[610,666,296,320]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1FBA76A4D56B410" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,825,332,357]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A1FBA76A4D56B410" authority="Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko" authorityName="Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko" box="[151,825,332,357]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decimatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A1FBA76A4FF7B410" bold="true" box="[151,408,332,357]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Simulium decimatum</emphasis>
Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA7494D37B4D8" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Shields (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A05CA7564F03B4FD" box="[304,364,368,392]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1990.0">1990</number>
, characterization, low-resolution photos of all chromosomes, selected inversions mapped, whole-arm interchange [IS + 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFB46F78A32FA7B34C1CB4D9" box="[579,627,405,428]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">IIIL</collectionCode>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A312A7B34CF6B4D9" box="[638,665,405,428]" name="Iceland" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">IL</collectingCountry>
+ 
<collectionCode id="D889AE70FFB46F78A3DAA7B24C87B4D9" box="[694,744,404,428]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">IIIS</collectionCode>
]): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A26FA7B24D37B4D8" box="[771,856,404,429]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA7914FC2B480" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A038A7914FE0B4A5" box="[340,399,439,464]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1999.0">1999</number>
b, notes on general polytene features, photos of all chromosomes, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A00EA7FA4FC2B480" box="[354,429,476,501]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA7D94B20B76D" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1359,511,536]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0A4A4264C6BB76D" box="[456,516,512,536]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2003.0">2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A468A7D94B20B76D" box="[1284,1359,511,536]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA4024A13B748" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1148,548,573]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0BCA4024C63B749" box="[464,524,548,572]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, chromosomal characters in larval key): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A570A4024A13B748" box="[1052,1148,548,573]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA46E4C04B7F0" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Petrova &amp; Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0B8A4614C7FB715" box="[468,528,583,608]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2006.0">2006</number>
, notes on general polytene features, photo of polytene chromosomes showing selected polymorphisms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A34CA44A4C04B7F0" box="[544,619,620,645]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA4A94B4CB7DD" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1315,655,680]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0A4A4B64C6BB7DD" box="[456,516,656,680]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A5B4A4A94B4CB7DD" box="[1240,1315,655,680]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA4924A20B7B8" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1103,692,717]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Adler &amp; Huang (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A013A4924FD7B7B9" box="[383,440,692,716]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2011.0">2011</number>
, notes on partial comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A241A4934DA2B7B8" box="[813,973,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acrotrichum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A241A4934DA2B7B8" box="[813,973,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. acrotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A289A4924A20B7B8" box="[997,1103,692,717]" name="Mongolia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1FBA4F14C23B79A" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,588,727,752]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A1FBA4F14C23B79A" authority="Stone &amp; Peterson" authorityName="Stone &amp; Peterson" box="[151,588,727,752]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="defoliarti">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A1FBA4F14FEEB785" bold="true" box="[151,385,727,752]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Simulium defoliarti</emphasis>
Stone &amp; Peterson
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA4DA4D73B64D" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Procunier in Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A316A4DA4CDBB661" box="[634,692,764,788]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, characterization, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A5ECA4DB4B6DB661" box="[1152,1282,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A5ECA4DB4B6DB661" box="[1152,1282,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard but inversion breakpoints not given): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A3D7A5394D73B64D" box="[699,796,799,824]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA5624AC1B628" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1198,836,861]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Adler &amp; Huang (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0E8A5624FD0B629" box="[388,447,836,860]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2011.0">2011</number>
, note on partial comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A259A5634DB5B628" box="[821,986,836,861]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acrotrichum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A259A5634DB5B628" box="[821,986,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. acrotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): [North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A528A5624AC7B628" box="[1092,1192,836,861]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">America</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1FBA5414D57B6F5" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,824,871,896]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A1FBA5414D57B6F5" authority="Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko" authorityName="Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko" box="[151,824,871,896]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malyschevi">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A1FBA5414FF8B6F5" bold="true" box="[151,407,871,896]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Simulium malyschevi</emphasis>
Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov &amp; Vlasenko
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA5AA4D73B6BD" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Procunier in Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A336A5AA4CFBB6D1" box="[602,660,908,932]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, characterization, partial resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A5FDA5AB4B62B6D1" box="[1169,1293,909,932]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A5FDA5AB4B62B6D1" box="[1169,1293,909,932]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard but inversion breakpoints not given): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A3D7A5894D73B6BD" box="[699,796,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1FBA5F24C79B698" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,534,980,1005]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A1FBA5F24C79B698" authority="Enderlein" authorityName="Enderlein" box="[151,534,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="murmanum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A1FBA5F24FCDB698" bold="true" box="[151,418,980,1005]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Simulium murmanum</emphasis>
Enderlein
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA5D14FA6B140" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0A5A5DE4C24B165" box="[457,587,1016,1040]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1979.2003">1979, 2003</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A40DA5DE4F09B141" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A40DA5DE4F09B141" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Gnus rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A012A23A4FA6B140" box="[382,457,1052,1077]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA2194AE2B12D" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1165,1087,1112]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Rothfels (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A059A2664F1EB12D" box="[309,369,1088,1112]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1979.0">1979</number>
, note on comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A3F5A2664D78B12D" box="[665,791,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A3F5A2664D78B12D" box="[665,791,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A228A2664DA3B12D" box="[836,972,1087,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corbis">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A228A2664DA3B12D" box="[836,972,1087,1112]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Gnus corbis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A541A2194AE2B12D" box="[1069,1165,1087,1112]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA2424CE6B1D5" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Chubareva (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A038A2424FE0B108" box="[340,399,1124,1149]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1999.0">1999</number>
b, notes on general polytene features, photos of all chromosomes, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A01BA2AE4C49B1D5" box="[375,550,1160,1184]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A01BA2AE4C49B1D5" box="[375,550,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Gnus rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A352A2A14CE6B1D5" box="[574,649,1159,1184]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA28A4AC4B1B0" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1195,1196,1221]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0A4A28A4C6BB1B0" box="[456,516,1196,1221]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2000.0">2000</number>
b, note on general polytene features; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A2D2A28B4A28B1B1" box="[958,1095,1197,1220]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rostratum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A2D2A28B4A28B1B1" box="[958,1095,1197,1220]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. rostratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A50CA28A4AC4B1B0" box="[1120,1195,1196,1221]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA2E94FCDB078" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0B5A2F64C7AB19D" box="[473,533,1232,1256]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A40DA2F64F50B078" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corbis">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A40DA2F64F50B078" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Gnus corbis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A03BA2D24FCDB078" box="[343,418,1268,1293]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA3314B6CB021" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Procunier in Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A307A33E4CCAB045" box="[619,677,1304,1328]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, characterization, possible sibling species [‘eastern’ and ‘western’], resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A0B3A31B4C34B021" box="[479,603,1341,1364]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A0B3A31B4C34B021" box="[479,603,1341,1364]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard but inversion breakpoints not given): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A505A31A4AAFB020" box="[1129,1216,1340,1365]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A5A7A31A4B6CB021" box="[1227,1283,1340,1364]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA3794CB9B0E8" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Chubareva &amp; Petrova (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A08AA3464C4DB00D" box="[486,546,1376,1400]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2008.0">2008</number>
a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A362A3A34C1CB0E8" box="[526,627,1412,1437]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corbis">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A362A3A34C1CB0E8" box="[526,627,1412,1437]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">G. corbis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A3E7A3A24CB9B0E8" box="[651,726,1412,1437]" name="Russia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Russia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA3814A2BB0B5" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1092,1447,1472]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Adler &amp; Huang (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A013A38E4FD7B0B5" box="[383,440,1448,1472]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2011.0">2011</number>
, note on partial comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A24FA38E4DACB0B5" box="[803,963,1447,1472]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acrotrichum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A24FA38E4DACB0B5" box="[803,963,1447,1472]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. acrotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A2B6A3814A2BB0B5" box="[986,1092,1447,1472]" name="Mongolia" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1FBA3EA4CFEB090" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,657,1484,1509]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A1FBA3EA4CFEB090" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,657,1484,1509]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="negativum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A1FBA3EA4FFEB090" bold="true" box="[151,401,1484,1509]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Simulium negativum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA3C94C63B359" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Shields &amp; Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0D5A3D64F9AB37D" box="[441,501,1520,1544]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1982.0">1982</number>
, characterization, inversions mapped, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A5FDA3D64B7FB37D" box="[1169,1296,1520,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A5FDA3D64B7FB37D" box="[1169,1296,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as ‘IL-3.4 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A03CA0334FDDB359" box="[336,434,1557,1580]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A03CA0334FDDB359" box="[336,434,1557,1580]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A0B8A0324C63B359" box="[468,524,1556,1580]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA0114D9EB300" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0B5A01E4C7CB325" box="[473,531,1592,1616]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for ‘IL-3.4 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A461A01F4B1FB325" box="[1293,1392,1593,1616]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A461A01F4B1FB325" box="[1293,1392,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ of Shields and Procunier 
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A099A07A4C5FB301" box="[501,560,1628,1652]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1982.0">1982</number>
, reinterpretation of IIS): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A2FCA07A4D9EB300" box="[912,1009,1628,1653]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA0594A99B3ED" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1270,1663,1688]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Shields, Pickens, Clausen &amp; Strizich (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A306A0A64CC9B3ED" box="[618,678,1664,1688]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2007.0">2007</number>
, inversions mapped, notes on polymorphisms): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A5D2A0A64A99B3ED" box="[1214,1270,1664,1688]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1FBA0824C15B3C8" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[151,634,1700,1725]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A1FBA0824C15B3C8" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,634,1700,1725]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saxosum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A1FBA0824F15B3C8" bold="true" box="[151,378,1700,1725]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Simulium saxosum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA0E14A6FB271" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Shields &amp; Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0D0A0EE4F97B395" box="[444,504,1736,1760]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1982.0">1982</number>
, B chromosomes, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of B chromosomes, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A08BA0CB4C08B271" box="[487,615,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A08BA0CB4C08B271" box="[487,615,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as ‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A243A0CA4D52B271" box="[815,829,1772,1796]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2.0">2</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A228A0CB4DC9B271" box="[836,934,1773,1796]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A228A0CB4DC9B271" box="[836,934,1773,1796]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A2A4A0CA4A6FB271" box="[968,1024,1772,1796]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA1294B6FB25D" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,1280,1807,1832]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Procunier in Currie &amp; Adler (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A37EA1294C21B25D" box="[530,590,1807,1832]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1986.0">1986</number>
, characterization; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A255A1364DD8B25D" box="[825,951,1808,1832]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A255A1364DD8B25D" box="[825,951,1808,1832]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cytospecies ‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A5EFA1364AFCB25D" box="[1155,1171,1808,1832]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2.0">2</number>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A5C0A1294B6FB25D" box="[1196,1280,1807,1832]" name="Canada" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA1124DA0B205" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0B0A1124C78B239" box="[476,535,1844,1868]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for ‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A59EA1124B6FB239" box="[1266,1280,1844,1868]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2.0">2</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB46F78A460A1134B01B239" box="[1292,1390,1845,1868]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB46F78A460A1134B01B239" box="[1292,1390,1845,1868]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ of Shields and Procunier 
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A09AA17E4C5EB205" box="[502,561,1880,1904]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="1982.0">1982</number>
, inversions mapped): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A203A1714DA0B205" box="[879,975,1879,1904]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA15A4D3DB2CD" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Shields &amp; Kratochvil (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A0B0A15A4C78B2E1" box="[476,535,1916,1940]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2011.0">2011</number>
, characterization, photos of IIL, possible incipient speciation, selected IIL inversions mapped, sex-chromosome diversity): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A276A1864D3DB2CD" box="[794,850,1952,1976]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB46F78A1ABA1E24C82B2A9" blockId="86.[151,1436,151,2013]" box="[199,749,1988,2013]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
Shields (
<number id="08502492FFB46F78A044A1E24F0BB2A9" box="[296,356,1988,2012]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" value="2013.0">2013</number>
, notes on sex chromosomes): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB46F78A3D9A1E24C82B2A9" box="[693,749,1988,2012]" name="United States of America" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA6B14A10B5C5" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[199,1151,151,176]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Shields (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A049A6BE4F30B5C5" box="[293,351,152,176]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2014.0">2014</number>
, possible hybrids with 
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A335A6BE4D6CB5C5" box="[601,771,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A335A6BE4CBBB5C5" box="[601,724,152,176]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" sensu="stricto" species="arcticum">S. arcticum</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="97DF57DCFFB56F79A3B6A6BF4D6CB5C5" box="[730,771,153,176]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" sensu="stricto">s. s.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, sex-chromosome diversity): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A524A6BE4A10B5C5" box="[1096,1151,152,176]" name="United States of America" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1FBA69A4C4DB5A0" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[151,546,188,213]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A1FBA69A4C4DB5A0" authority="Rubtsov" authorityName="Rubtsov" box="[151,546,188,213]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subvariegatum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A1FBA69A4FADB5A0" bold="true" box="[151,450,188,213]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Simulium subvariegatum</emphasis>
Rubtsov
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA6F94A0EB58D" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[199,1121,223,248]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Adler &amp; Huang (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A013A6C64FD7B58D" box="[383,440,224,248]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2011.0">2011</number>
, notes on partial comparison with 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A241A6C64DA2B58D" box="[813,973,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acrotrichum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A241A6C64DA2B58D" box="[813,973,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S. acrotrichum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): [
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A287A6F94A34B58D" box="[1003,1115,223,248]" name="Mongolia" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
]
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1FBA7224CFEB468" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[151,657,260,285]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A1FBA7224CFEB468" authority="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" authorityName="Adler, Currie &amp; Wood" box="[151,657,260,285]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vampirum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A1FBA7224FFEB468" bold="true" box="[151,401,260,285]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Simulium vampirum</emphasis>
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA7014A26B410" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Procunier &amp; Shemanchuk (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A36FA70E4C51B435" box="[515,574,296,320]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1983.0">1983</number>
, characterization, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A562A70E4AFFB435" box="[1038,1168,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A562A70E4AFFB435" box="[1038,1168,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard but inversion breakpoints not given; as ‘IIS-8.9 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A31BA76B4CB5B411" box="[631,730,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A31BA76B4CB5B411" box="[631,730,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’ and ‘IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A222A76A4D04B411" box="[846,875,332,356]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="10.0">10</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A21DA76B4DBCB411" box="[881,979,333,356]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A21DA76B4DBCB411" box="[881,979,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A299A76A4A26B410" box="[1013,1097,332,357]" name="Canada" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA7494C07B4A5" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A029A7564FEEB4FD" box="[325,385,368,392]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, characterization; idiograms; inversions mapped; note on polytene chromosomes from adult Malpighian tubules; photos of IIS, IIL, and sex chromosomes; resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A5C2A7B34B41B4D9" box="[1198,1326,405,428]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A5C2A7B34B41B4D9" box="[1198,1326,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as ‘IIS-10.11 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A0FDA79F4F9CB4A5" box="[401,499,441,464]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A0FDA79F4F9CB4A5" box="[401,499,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A378A7914C07B4A5" box="[532,616,439,464]" name="Canada" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA7FA4D2FB748" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Procunier, Shemanchuk &amp; Barr (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A323A7FA4CE4B481" box="[591,651,476,500]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, characterization, idiograms, inversions mapped, note on polytene chromosomes from adult Malpighian tubules, photos of IIS and sex chromosomes, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A4EBA4264F33B749" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A4EBA4264F33B749" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard; as ‘IIS-10.11 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A304A4034CA4B749" box="[616,715,549,572]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A304A4034CA4B749" box="[616,715,549,572]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A380A4024D2FB748" box="[748,832,548,573]" name="Canada" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA4614DC6B7F0" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A0BCA46E4C65B715" box="[464,522,584,608]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A5FAA46E4B78B715" box="[1174,1303,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A5FAA46E4B78B715" box="[1174,1303,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A43BA46E4B1AB715" box="[1367,1397,584,608]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="10.0">10</number>
’ [= ‘IIS-8.9’] of Procunier &amp; Shemanchuk 
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A3DDA44A4C81B7F1" box="[689,750,620,644]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1983.0">1983</number>
): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A225A44A4DC6B7F0" box="[841,937,620,645]" name="United States of America" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1FBA4A94FA6B7DD" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[151,457,655,680]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A1FBA4A94F63B7DD" box="[151,268,655,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A1FBA4A94F63B7DD" bold="true" box="[151,268,655,680]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A07FA4B74F1AB7DD" box="[275,373,657,680]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A07FA4B74F1AB7DD" box="[275,373,657,680]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘IIL- 
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A0D6A4B64FAAB7DD" box="[442,453,656,680]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1.0">1</number>
’
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA4924AFBB7B9" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[199,1172,692,717]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Shields &amp; Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A0DEA4924F84B7B9" box="[434,491,692,716]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1981.0">1981</number>
, note on discovery of sibling species; as 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A2CAA4934A29B7B9" box="[934,1094,693,716]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A2CAA4934A29B7B9" box="[934,1094,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Gnus arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A531A4924AFBB7B9" box="[1117,1172,692,716]" name="United States of America" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA4F14C98B661" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Shields &amp; Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A0D7A4FE4F98B785" box="[443,503,728,752]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1982.0">1982</number>
, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of IIL and sex chromosomes, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A000A4DB4F88B661" box="[364,487,765,788]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A000A4DB4F88B661" box="[364,487,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A30CA4DA4CDAB660" box="[608,693,764,789]" name="Canada" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Canada</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A3ACA4DA4C98B661" box="[704,759,764,788]" name="United States of America" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">USA</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA5394C3AB628" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Procunier &amp; Shemanchuk (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A096A5064C5AB64D" box="[506,565,800,824]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1983.0">1983</number>
, low-resolution photos of IS, polymorphisms, polytene complement, and sex chromosomes): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A099A5624C3AB628" box="[501,597,836,861]" name="United States of America" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA5414BF9B6F5" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[199,1430,871,896]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A02FA54E4F10B6F5" box="[323,383,872,896]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, photos of IS, polymorphisms, polytene complement, and sex chromosomes): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A459A5414BF9B6F5" box="[1333,1430,871,896]" name="United States of America" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA5AA4C94B6BD" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A0BAA5AA4C7DB6D1" box="[470,530,908,932]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, correction of original IIL interpretation, diagnostic inversion mapped): North 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A3F7A5894C94B6BD" box="[667,763,943,968]" name="United States of America" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">America</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1FBA5F24FA7B699" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[151,456,980,1005]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A1FBA5F24F63B698" box="[151,268,980,1005]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Simulium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A1FBA5F24F63B698" bold="true" box="[151,268,980,1005]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Simulium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A07FA5F34F19B699" box="[275,374,981,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A07FA5F34F19B699" box="[275,374,981,1004]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
‘IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A0DFA5F24FACB699" box="[435,451,980,1004]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="4.0">4</number>
’
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA5D14ABAB165" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" box="[199,1237,1015,1040]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Procunier (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A02FA5DE4F10B165" box="[323,383,1016,1040]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="1984.0">1984</number>
, new cytoform recognized [‘IIS- 
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A380A5DE4C94B165" box="[748,763,1016,1040]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="4.0">4</number>
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A26EA5DF4D0AB165" box="[770,869,1017,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A26EA5DF4D0AB165" box="[770,869,1017,1040]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’] but not characterized): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A5EDA5D14ABAB165" box="[1153,1237,1015,1040]" name="Canada" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BE2736B5FFB56F79A1ABA23A4C42B12D" blockId="87.[151,1436,151,1112]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
Procunier in Adler, Currie &amp; Wood (
<number id="08502492FFB56F79A316A23A4CD9B141" box="[634,694,1052,1076]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" value="2004.0">2004</number>
, chromosomal characters in larval key, resolution relative to 
<taxonomicName id="79984D36FFB56F79A4EBA23B4F33B12D" class="Insecta" family="Simuliidae" genus="Gnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arcticum">
<emphasis id="8CECEAA7FFB56F79A4EBA23B4F33B12D" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">S. arcticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
standard): 
<collectingCountry id="C68F7625FFB56F79A0B5A2194C42B12D" box="[473,557,1087,1112]" name="Canada" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Canada</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>