1218 lines
147 KiB
XML
1218 lines
147 KiB
XML
<document id="41458818FA4EAE8A408870876D471CF2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.214057" ID-GBIF-Dataset="316ea38c-1e9a-4a4b-8bd6-bcb57795e372" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="214057" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,operationResults,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460486636445" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pellizzari, Giuseppina, Porcelli, Francesco, Convertini, Stefano & Marotta, Salvatore" docDate="2012" docId="03B35A1A0E06432ABEB9F9C043E0FE20" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03336p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3336" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Kermes vermilio Planchon 1864" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="FF8A22620E074327BE2EFF97467BFFC7" masterDocTitle="Description of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae), with a synopsis of the European and Mediterranean species" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="36" pageNumber="37" updateTime="1713537219882" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="17430EE23F7B0E813CF18F847550494B">Description of nymphal instars and adult female of Kermes vermilio Planchon (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Kermesidae), with a synopsis of the European and Mediterranean species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="851E788996C12316777C2B0AA991A4CE">Pellizzari, Giuseppina</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EE7B819AD4936C21A1D7621B01BAC248">Porcelli, Francesco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="544EC64EF1D171A9D71874A3A88BC2A1">Convertini, Stefano</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C9415B55BE115859C7B8B9B670756692">Marotta, Salvatore</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="DB172DE14686E448F96415A6FE5B66B9">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="DD0470D06B98BDC7A9F9F2BE6295FDD5">2012-06-06</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03B35A1A0E06432ABEB9F9C043E0FE20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5679636" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119518485" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5679636" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B35A1A0E06432ABEB9F9C043E0FE20" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B35A1A0E06432ABEB9F9C043E0FE20" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">
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<subSubSection id="C300B8870E064326BEB9F9C04458F9B6" box="[151,547,1623,1649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="37" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E064326BEB9F9C04458F9B6" blockId="1.[151,547,1623,1649]" box="[151,547,1623,1649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">
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<heading id="D0ED5C600E064326BEB9F9C04458F9B6" bold="true" box="[151,547,1623,1649]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="37" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E064326BEB9F9C04458F9B6" ID-CoL="3R67Q" authority="Planchon, 1864" authorityName="Planchon" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,547,1623,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="37" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
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<emphasis id="B96E371E0E064326BEB9F9C04458F9B6" bold="true" box="[151,547,1623,1649]" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B96E371E0E064326BEB9F9C04727F9B6" bold="true" box="[151,348,1623,1649]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">Kermes vermilio</emphasis>
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Planchon, 1864
|
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C300B8870E064323BEB9F90F4322FD16" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="1" pageNumber="37" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E064326BEB9F90F45C6F930" blockId="1.[151,1436,1688,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">
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FIRST INSTAR NYMPH (
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||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E064326BFE3F90F4474F977" box="[461,527,1688,1712]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1983,2006]" captionTargetBox="[235,1352,195,1956]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[235,1352,195,1957]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Kermes vermilio Planchon, 1st-instar nymph." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998415" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998415/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E064326BC06F90F4497F976" bold="true" box="[552,748,1688,1713]" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">Living specimen</emphasis>
|
||
: oval and flat, orange-red (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E064326BA0FF90F4208F977" box="[1057,1139,1688,1712]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,234,1887,1908]" captionTargetBox="[231,1364,195,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[231,1366,195,1862]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes vermilio Planchon, macroscopic appearance and damage to Quercus ilex: a) adult post-reproductive female and nymphs (Bitonto (BA), April 2009, Italy); b) young reproductive females, third-instar female nymphs and crawlers (Bari, July 2008, Italy); c) fully-mature reproductive female with crawlers (Lecce, July 2012, Italy); d) third-instar female nymphs (Lecce, July 2010, Italy); e) male test under a leaf; (f) branch infested by tests (Bari, May 2010, Italy); and g) dieback due to K. vermilio outbreak in an urban environment (Bari, May 2010, Italy)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998425/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
: c), with yellow legs. Settled specimens at first covered by mealy-white wax secretion, and then by thin wax threads. In overwintering specimens, the secretion consists of wax tufts regularly arranged on dorsum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E064326BEE7F8954338F8DD" blockId="1.[151,1436,1688,1994]" box="[201,1347,1793,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E064326BEE7F89547D0F8DD" bold="true" box="[201,427,1793,1818]" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">Mounted specimen</emphasis>
|
||
: derm membranous, body oval, 611 (375–795) μm long, 358 (198–710) μm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E064326BEE7F8B2456AF80D" blockId="1.[151,1436,1688,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">
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<emphasis id="B96E371E0E064326BEE7F8B2474AF8FA" bold="true" box="[201,305,1829,1853]" pageId="1" pageNumber="37">Dorsum.</emphasis>
|
||
Marginal setae conical, spinose and stout, each 9 (8–13) μm long, 5 (4–7) μm wide at base, with 33 (29–36) on each margin. Submedial setae shorter and thinner than marginal setae, with one pair present on head, on each thoracic segment and on abdominal segments I and II. Simple pores not found. Bilocular pores distributed in a single transverse row of 6 pores on second abdominal segment. Anal lobes small, lightly sclerotized, each with two conical setae on inner margin, each about 8–10 μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF65BB840E054325BE53FE6D4066FDEE" ID-Table-UUID="DF65BB840E054325BE53FE6D4066FDEE" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF65BB840E054325BE53FE6D4066FDEE" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" startId="2.[125,203,506,526]" targetBox="[138,1909,561,1683]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E054325BE53FE6D4066FDEE" blockId="2.[125,1935,506,553]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BE53FE6D4699FDC9" bold="true" box="[125,226,506,526]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Status of knowledge of European and Mediterranean
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BCFAFE6D4562FDC8" box="[724,793,506,527]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BCFAFE6D4562FDC8" box="[724,793,506,527]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
morphology. Where X = description of adult post-reproductive female only, based on macroscopic characters; fifth column shows which instars have been described for each species (description based on microscopic characters). Data on distribution are from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BB62FD824062FDEE" author="Ben-Dov" box="[1356,1561,532,553]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Ben-Dov" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="16" refId="ref8007" refString="Ben-Dov, Y., Miller, D. R. & Gibson, G. A. P. (2012) ScaleNet: a database of the scale insects of the World. Available in: http: // www. sel. barc. usda. gov / Scalenet / Scalenet. html (accessed 16. 01.2012)." type="book chapter" year="2012">
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||
Ben-Dov
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BB88FD8343B5FDEE" box="[1446,1486,532,553]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E054325BEC7FDDC416AF954" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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<table id="F91A19AC0E05BCD8BEA4FDA6410EF954" box="[138,1909,561,1683]" gridcols="5" gridrows="40" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FDA6410EFDBE" box="[138,1909,561,633]" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FDA647F7FDBE" box="[138,396,561,633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Species</th>
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FDA6456CFDBE" box="[425,791,561,633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">distribution</th>
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FDA64201FDBE" box="[822,1146,561,633]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">hostplants</th>
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFDA64329FDBE" box="[1189,1362,561,633]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">post-reproductive female description</th>
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFDA6410EFDBE" box="[1392,1909,561,633]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BBE8FDA940DCFDAB" bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">descriptions based on microscopical characters</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FDEC410EFD53" box="[138,1909,635,660]" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FDEC47F7FD53" box="[138,396,635,660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FDE84739FD53" ID-CoL="6NL5M" box="[138,322,639,660]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacciformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FDE84739FD53" box="[138,322,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes bacciformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FDEC456CFD53" box="[425,791,635,660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BF87FD174795FD53" box="[425,494,640,660]" name="Austria" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Austria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BFD6FD174442FD53" box="[504,569,640,660]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BC6FFD1744E8FD53" box="[577,659,640,660]" name="Hungary" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Hungary</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BCB2FD1744B3FD53" box="[668,712,640,660]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Italy</collectingCountry>
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,
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FDEC4201FD53" box="[822,1146,635,660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FDE8420CFD53" box="[822,1143,639,660]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FDE845F2FD53" ID-CoL="4R4KH" box="[822,905,639,660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">Q. cerris</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BDBDFDE845A9FD53" ID-CoL="793PC" box="[915,978,639,660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Q. ilex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BDF5FDE8422CFD53" ID-CoL="4R5VW" box="[987,1111,639,660]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Q. pubescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Q.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFDEC4329FD53" box="[1189,1362,635,660]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFDEC410EFD53" box="[1392,1909,635,660]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<date id="FFA4CDCC0E054325BB5EFD1743FDFD4F" box="[1392,1414,635,660]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">1st</date>
|
||
instar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BBE4FD174022FD53" author="Leonardi" box="[1482,1625,640,660]" firstAuthor="Leonardi" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Leonardi, G. (1920) Monografia delle cocciniglie Italiane. Della Torre, Portici, 555 pp." type="book" year="1920">Leonardi, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325B84DFD174163FD53" author="Balachowsky" box="[1635,1816,640,660]" firstAuthor="Balachowsky" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1950) Les Kermes (Hom. Coccidea) des chenes en Europe et dans le bassin Mediterraneen. Proceedings of the International Congress of Entomology (Stockholm, 8, 739 - 754." type="journal article" year="1950">Balachowsky, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FD0D410EFD68" box="[138,1909,666,687]" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
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<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FD0D47F7FD68" box="[138,396,666,687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Leonardi</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FD0D456CFD68" box="[425,791,666,687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BF87FD0D4785FD69" box="[425,510,666,686]" name="Morocco" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BC29FD0D4432FD69" box="[519,585,666,686]" name="Poland" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Poland</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sicily,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BCBDFD0D44BCFD69" box="[659,711,666,686]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Spain</collectingCountry>
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||
</td>
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<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FD0D4201FD68" box="[822,1146,666,687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FD0D4598FD68" box="[822,995,666,687]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FD0D4510FD68" ID-CoL="4R678" box="[822,875,666,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">suber</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD5BFD0D45B9FD68" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[885,962,666,687]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FD23410EFD0E" box="[138,1909,692,713]" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FD2347F7FD0E" box="[138,396,692,713]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FD2347F0FD0E" ID-CoL="3R64H" authority="Bodenheimer" authorityName="Bodenheimer" box="[138,395,692,713]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bekiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FD234771FD0E" box="[138,266,692,713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes bekiri</emphasis>
|
||
Bodenheimer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FD23456CFD0E" box="[425,791,692,713]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Turkey</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FD234201FD0E" box="[822,1146,692,713]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FD2345DBFD0E" ID-CoL="4R479" box="[822,928,692,713]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aegilops">Q. aegilops</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFD234329FD0E" box="[1189,1362,692,713]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FD59410EFD24" box="[138,1909,718,739]" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FD5947F7FD24" box="[138,396,718,739]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FD594765FD24" ID-CoL="3R64J" box="[138,286,718,739]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biblicus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FD594765FD24" box="[138,286,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes biblicus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FD59456CFD24" box="[425,791,718,739]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Israel, Lebanon</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FD594201FD24" box="[822,1146,718,739]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FD5945DCFD24" ID-CoL="4R4M7" box="[822,935,718,739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FD5945DCFD24" box="[822,935,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. coccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD9DFD59458BFD24" ID-CoL="793PC" box="[947,1008,718,739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD9DFD59458BFD24" box="[947,1008,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BDD5FD594231FD24" ID-CoL="4R678" box="[1019,1098,718,739]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BDD5FD594231FD24" box="[1019,1098,718,739]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. suber</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFD594329FD24" box="[1189,1362,718,739]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FD7E410EFD3A" box="[138,1909,745,765]" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FD7E47F7FD3A" box="[138,396,745,765]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">(Bodenheimer)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FD69410EFCDF" box="[138,1909,766,792]" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FD6947F7FCDF" box="[138,396,766,792]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FC9547F9FCD0" ID-CoL="3R64P" authority="Sternlicht" authorityName="Sternlicht" box="[138,386,770,791]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FC954758FCD0" box="[138,291,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
Sternlicht
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FD69456CFCDF" box="[425,791,766,792]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Israel</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FD694201FCDF" box="[822,1146,766,792]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FC9545B8FCD0" ID-CoL="4R597" box="[822,963,770,791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FC9545B8FCD0" box="[822,963,770,791]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFD694329FCDF" box="[1189,1362,766,792]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFD69410EFCDF" box="[1392,1909,766,792]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
1st instar, 2nd instar male and female, Ƥ, 3 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325B92AFC9443E4FCF5" author="Sternlicht, M." pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="251" refId="ref8895" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1969) Kermes bytinskii n. spec. (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) in Israel and observations on its life history. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 251 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">
|
||
Sternlicht,
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FC89410EFCF5" box="[138,1909,798,818]" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFC89410EFCF5" box="[1392,1909,798,818]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">1969)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FCA0410EFC8B" box="[138,1909,823,844]" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FCA047F7FC8B" box="[138,396,823,844]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FCA0473AFC8B" ID-CoL="3R64V" box="[138,321,823,844]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cordiformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FCA0473AFC8B" box="[138,321,823,844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes cordiformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FCA0456CFC8B" box="[425,791,823,844]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Austria, Italy</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FCA04201FC8B" box="[822,1146,823,844]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FCA045CBFC8B" ID-CoL="4R5VW" box="[822,944,823,844]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FCA045CBFC8B" box="[822,944,823,844]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFCA04329FC8B" box="[1189,1362,823,844]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FCC6410EFCA1" box="[138,1909,849,870]" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FCC647F7FCA1" box="[138,396,849,870]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Lindinger</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FCC64201FCA1" box="[822,1146,849,870]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FCC645FDFCA1" box="[822,902,849,870]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FCC64532FCA1" ID-CoL="4R5YN" box="[822,841,849,870]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">Q</taxonomicName>
|
||
. robur
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FCFC410EFC47" box="[138,1909,875,896]" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FCFC47F7FC47" box="[138,396,875,896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FCFC47F9FC47" ID-CoL="3R64W" authority="Nasonov" authorityName="Nasonov" box="[138,386,875,896]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corticalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FCFC4757FC47" box="[138,300,875,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes corticalis</emphasis>
|
||
Nasonov
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FCFC456CFC47" box="[425,791,875,896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Italy, Georgia, Ukraine</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FCFC4201FC47" box="[822,1146,875,896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FCFC45F8FC47" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[822,899,875,896]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FCFC45F8FC47" box="[822,899,875,896]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFCFC4329FC47" box="[1189,1362,875,896]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFCFC410EFC47" box="[1392,1909,875,896]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Ƥ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BBA3FCFB4041FC47" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[1421,1594,876,896]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refId="ref8165" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecaniodiaspididae, Aclerdidae (in Russian). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp." type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FC16410EFC5D" box="[138,1909,897,922]" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FC1647F7FC5D" box="[138,396,897,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FC124756FC5D" ID-CoL="3R64Z" box="[138,301,901,922]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FC124756FC5D" box="[138,301,901,922]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FC16456CFC5D" box="[425,791,897,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Israel</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FC164201FC5D" box="[822,1146,897,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FC1245DCFC5D" ID-CoL="4R4M7" box="[822,935,901,922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FC1245DCFC5D" box="[822,935,901,922]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. coccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFC164329FC5D" box="[1189,1362,897,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFC16410EFC5D" box="[1392,1909,897,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
1st instar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BBE5FC1140FAFC5D" author="Balachowsky, A. S." box="[1483,1665,902,922]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="181" refId="ref7833" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1953) Sur les Kermes Boitard (Hom. Coccoidea) des chenes du bassin oriental de la Mediterranee. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 32, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1953">Balachowsky, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FC36410EFC72" box="[138,1909,929,949]" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FC3647F7FC72" box="[138,396,929,949]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Balachowsky</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FC21410EFC08" box="[138,1909,950,975]" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FC2147F7FC08" box="[138,396,950,975]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FC2D4701FC08" ID-CoL="3R65C" authority="Signoret" authorityName="Signoret" box="[138,378,954,975]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FC2D475CFC08" box="[138,295,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes gibbosus</emphasis>
|
||
Signoret
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FC21456CFC08" box="[425,791,950,975]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Hungary,</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FC214201FC08" box="[822,1146,950,975]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FC2D45FCFC08" ID-CoL="4R4KH" box="[822,903,954,975]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FC2D45FCFC08" box="[822,903,954,975]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. cerris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFC214329FC08" box="[1189,1362,950,975]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFC21410EFC08" box="[1392,1909,950,975]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
1st instar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BBE5FC2C4038FC08" author="Tsalev, M." box="[1483,1603,955,975]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="23 - 26" refId="ref8965" refString="Tsalev, M. (1964) Kermes new for the fauna of Bulgaria. Zashchita Rastenii, 12, 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="1964">Tsalev, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FC42410EFC2E" box="[138,1909,981,1001]" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FC42410EFC2E" box="[138,1909,981,1001]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Italy, Sicily</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FC79410EFBC4" box="[138,1909,1006,1027]" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FC7947F7FBC4" box="[138,396,1006,1027]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FC794774FBC4" ID-CoL="3R65J" box="[138,271,1006,1027]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="greeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FC794774FBC4" box="[138,271,1006,1027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes greeni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FC79456CFBC4" box="[425,791,1006,1027]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Israel</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FC794201FBC4" box="[822,1146,1006,1027]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FC7945DCFBC4" ID-CoL="4R4M7" box="[822,935,1006,1027]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FC7945DCFBC4" box="[822,935,1006,1027]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. coccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFC794329FBC4" box="[1189,1362,1006,1027]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FB9D410EFBD9" box="[138,1909,1034,1054]" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FB9D47F7FBD9" box="[138,396,1034,1054]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Bodenheimer</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FB88410EFBFF" box="[138,1909,1055,1080]" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FB8847F7FBFF" box="[138,396,1055,1080]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FBB44711FBFF" ID-CoL="3R65L" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[138,362,1059,1080]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilicis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FBB44779FBFF" box="[138,258,1059,1080]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes ilicis</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FB88456CFBFF" box="[425,791,1055,1080]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Algeria, Austria, France, Greece,</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FB884201FBFF" box="[822,1146,1055,1080]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FBB445DCFBFF" ID-CoL="4R4M7" box="[822,935,1059,1080]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FBB445DCFBFF" box="[822,935,1059,1080]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. coccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD9DFBB44589FBFF" ID-CoL="793PC" box="[947,1010,1059,1080]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Q. ilex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BDD5FBB4420CFBFF" ID-CoL="4R5VW" box="[1019,1143,1059,1080]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Q. pubescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFB884329FBFF" box="[1189,1362,1055,1080]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFB88410EFBFF" box="[1392,1909,1055,1080]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
1st instar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BBE5FBB340F8FBFF" author="Balachowsky, A. S." box="[1483,1667,1060,1080]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="739" refId="ref7791" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1950) Les Kermes (Hom. Coccidea) des chenes en Europe et dans le bassin Mediterraneen. Proceedings of the International Congress of Entomology (Stockholm, 8, 739 - 754." type="journal article" year="1950">Balachowsky, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325B8A2FBB34143FBFF" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[1676,1848,1060,1080]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refId="ref8165" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecaniodiaspididae, Aclerdidae (in Russian). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp." type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FBAA410EFB95" box="[138,1909,1085,1106]" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FBAA456CFB95" box="[425,791,1085,1106]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Hungary, Italy, Moldova, Poland,</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FBAA4201FB95" box="[822,1146,1085,1106]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FBAA4536FB95" box="[822,845,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q.</emphasis>
|
||
s
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD75FBAA45A9FB95" box="[859,978,1085,1106]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
uber,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BDBEFBAA45A9FB95" ID-CoL="4R6B8" box="[912,978,1085,1106]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="toza">Q. toza</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFBAA410EFB95" box="[1392,1909,1085,1106]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BB5EFBA94385FB95" author="Williams, D. J." box="[1392,1534,1086,1106]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="427" refId="ref9030" refString="Williams, D. J. (2007) Carl Linnaeus and his scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Z ootaxa, 1668, 427 - 490." type="journal article" year="2007">Williams, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FBCF410EFBAB" box="[138,1909,1112,1132]" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FBCF410EFBAB" box="[138,1909,1112,1132]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Portugal, Spain</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FBE5410EFB40" box="[138,1909,1138,1159]" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FBE547F7FB40" box="[138,396,1138,1159]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FBE54762FB40" ID-CoL="3R65Y" box="[138,281,1138,1159]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muhlisi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FBE54762FB40" box="[138,281,1138,1159]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes muhlisi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FBE5456CFB40" box="[425,791,1138,1159]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Turkey</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FBE54201FB40" box="[822,1146,1138,1159]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FBE545F8FB40" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[822,899,1138,1159]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FBE545F8FB40" box="[822,899,1138,1159]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFBE54329FB40" box="[1189,1362,1138,1159]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FB1A410EFB66" box="[138,1909,1165,1185]" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FB1A410EFB66" box="[138,1909,1165,1185]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Bodenheimer</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FB31410EFB7C" box="[138,1909,1190,1211]" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FB3147F7FB7C" box="[138,396,1190,1211]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FB314759FB7C" ID-CoL="3R663" box="[138,290,1190,1211]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nahalali">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FB314759FB7C" box="[138,290,1190,1211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes nahalali</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FB31456CFB7C" box="[425,791,1190,1211]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Israel</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FB314201FB7C" box="[822,1146,1190,1211]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FB3145DCFB7C" ID-CoL="4R4M7" box="[822,935,1190,1211]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FB3145DCFB7C" box="[822,935,1190,1211]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. coccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFB314329FB7C" box="[1189,1362,1190,1211]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FB56410EFB12" box="[138,1909,1217,1237]" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FB5647F7FB12" box="[138,396,1217,1237]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Bodenheimer</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FB41410EFB37" box="[138,1909,1238,1264]" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FB4147F7FB37" box="[138,396,1238,1264]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FB4C4729FB37" ID-CoL="3R66H" box="[138,338,1243,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palestiniensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FB4C4729FB37" box="[138,338,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes palestiniensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FB41456CFB37" box="[425,791,1238,1264]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Israel</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FB414201FB37" box="[822,1146,1238,1264]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FB4C45DCFB37" ID-CoL="4R4M7" box="[822,935,1243,1264]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FB4C45DCFB37" box="[822,935,1243,1264]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. coccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFB414329FB37" box="[1189,1362,1238,1264]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFB41410EFB37" box="[1392,1909,1238,1264]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
1st instar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BBE5FB4C40FAFB28" author="Balachowsky, A. S." box="[1483,1665,1243,1263]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="181" refId="ref7833" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1953) Sur les Kermes Boitard (Hom. Coccoidea) des chenes du bassin oriental de la Mediterranee. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 32, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1953">Balachowsky, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FB61410EFACD" box="[138,1909,1270,1290]" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FB6147F7FACD" box="[138,396,1270,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Balachowsky</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FA9C410EFAE3" box="[138,1909,1291,1316]" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FA9C47F7FAE3" box="[138,396,1291,1316]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FA984766FAE3" box="[138,285,1295,1316]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes quercus</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FA9C456CFAE3" box="[425,791,1291,1316]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BF87FA874797FAE3" ID-CoL="3R66V" authority="(Linnaeus) Widely" authorityName="(Linnaeus) Widely" box="[425,492,1296,1316]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">Widely</taxonomicName>
|
||
distributed in Europe
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FA9C4201FAE3" box="[822,1146,1291,1316]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FA9845AAFAE3" box="[822,977,1295,1316]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendunculata">Q. pendunculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BDF4FA98422DFAE3" ID-CoL="4R5VW" box="[986,1110,1295,1316]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">Q. pubescens</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Q.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFA9C4329FAE3" box="[1189,1362,1291,1316]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFA9C410EFAE3" box="[1392,1909,1291,1316]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">1st instar, 2nd instar male and female, Ƥ, 3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FABE410EFAF9" box="[138,1909,1321,1342]" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FABE4201FAF9" box="[822,1146,1321,1342]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FABE458DFAF9" box="[822,1014,1321,1342]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FABE4517FAF9" ID-CoL="4R5YN" box="[822,876,1321,1342]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">robur</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD58FABE458DFAF9" ID-CoL="4R643" box="[886,1014,1321,1342]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sessiliflora">Q. sessiliflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BA2FFABE4235FAF9" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[1025,1102,1321,1342]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BA2FFABE4235FAF9" box="[1025,1102,1321,1342]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFABE410EFAF9" box="[1392,1909,1321,1342]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BB59FABD4052FAF9" author="Balachowsky, A. S." box="[1399,1577,1322,1342]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="739" refId="ref7791" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1950) Les Kermes (Hom. Coccidea) des chenes en Europe et dans le bassin Mediterraneen. Proceedings of the International Congress of Entomology (Stockholm, 8, 739 - 754." type="journal article" year="1950">Balachowsky,1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325B81CFABD40A5FAF9" author="Borchsenius, N. S." box="[1586,1758,1322,1342]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refId="ref8165" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecaniodiaspididae, Aclerdidae (in Russian). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp." type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325B8C6FABD439CFA9F" author="Koteja, J. & Zak-Ogaza, B." pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="193" refId="ref8453" refString="Koteja, J. & Zak-Ogaza, B. (1972) Morphology and taxonomy of the male Kermes quercus (L.) (Homoptera, Coccoidea). Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 17, 193 - 215." type="journal article" year="1972">
|
||
Koteja &
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FAD3410EFA9F" box="[138,1909,1348,1368]" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFAD3410EFA9F" box="[1392,1909,1348,1368]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Zak-Ogaza, 1972;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BBDEFAD340FEFA9F" author="Podsiadlo, E." box="[1520,1669,1348,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="43 - 46" refId="ref8765" refString="Podsiadlo, E. (2005) Morphological peculiarities in adult females of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Coccinea: Kermesidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 74, 43 - 46." type="journal article" year="2005">Podsiadlo, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325B8A1FAD340B2FA9F" author="Podsiadlo, E." box="[1679,1737,1348,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="47 - 52" refId="ref8801" refString="Podsiadlo, E. (2005 a) Morphology of the first instar of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Coccinea: Kermesidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 74, 47 - 52." type="journal article" year="2005">2005a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325B8FCFAD34179FA9F" author="Podsiadlo, E." box="[1746,1794,1348,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" pagination="35 - 42" refId="ref8838" refString="Podsiadlo, E. (2012) Morphology of second instar nymphs of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 81, 35 - 42." type="journal article" year="2012">2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Williams,
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FAC9410EFA4A" box="[138,1909,1374,1421]" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FAC947F7FA4A" box="[138,396,1374,1421]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FAEF4762FA4A" box="[138,281,1400,1421]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes roboris</emphasis>
|
||
(Fourcroy)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FAC9456CFA4A" box="[425,791,1374,1421]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BF87FAEE4797FA4A" ID-CoL="3R674" authority="(Fourcroy) Widely" authorityName="(Fourcroy) Widely" box="[425,492,1401,1421]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roboris">Widely</taxonomicName>
|
||
distributed in Europe
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FAC94201FA4A" box="[822,1146,1374,1421]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FAEF4266FA4A" box="[822,1053,1400,1421]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FAEF450EFA4A" ID-CoL="793PC" box="[822,885,1400,1421]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Q. ilex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD51FAEF4262FA4A" box="[895,1049,1400,1421]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pendunculata">Q. pendunculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFAC94329FA4A" box="[1189,1362,1374,1421]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFAC9410EFA4A" box="[1392,1909,1374,1421]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BB5EFAC943E4FAB5" author="Williams" box="[1392,1439,1374,1394]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Williams, D. J. (2007) Carl Linnaeus and his scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea). Z ootaxa, 1668, 427 - 490." type="journal article" year="2007">2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<date id="FFA4CDCC0E054325BB5EFAEE43FDFA46" box="[1392,1414,1396,1421]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">1st</date>
|
||
instar, Ƥ (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BBC9FAEE40E5FA4A" author="Balachowsky" box="[1511,1694,1401,1421]" firstAuthor="Balachowsky" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1950) Les Kermes (Hom. Coccidea) des chenes en Europe et dans le bassin Mediterraneen. Proceedings of the International Congress of Entomology (Stockholm, 8, 739 - 754." type="journal article" year="1950">Balachowsky, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325B886FAEE412FFA4A" author="Borchsenius" box="[1704,1876,1401,1421]" firstAuthor="Borchsenius" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecaniodiaspididae, Aclerdidae (in Russian). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp." type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FA05410EFA60" box="[138,1909,1426,1447]" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FA054201FA60" box="[822,1146,1426,1447]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FA0545CDFA60" box="[822,950,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FA0545CAFA60" ID-CoL="4R5TZ" box="[822,945,1426,1447]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polycarpa">Q. polycarpa</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD94FA054241FA60" box="[954,1082,1426,1447]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. pubescens,</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFA05410EFA60" box="[1392,1909,1426,1447]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BB5EFA04439DFA60" ID-CoL="4R5VW" authority="Tsalev, 1964" authorityName="Tsalev" authorityYear="1964" box="[1392,1510,1427,1447]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BB5EFA04439DFA60" author="Tsalev" box="[1392,1510,1427,1447]" firstAuthor="Tsalev" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Tsalev, M. (1964) Kermes new for the fauna of Bulgaria. Zashchita Rastenii, 12, 23 - 26." type="journal article" year="1964">Tsalev, 1964</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FA3B410EFA06" box="[138,1909,1452,1473]" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FA3B4201FA06" box="[822,1146,1452,1473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FA3B4269FA06" box="[822,1042,1452,1473]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FA3B45F3FA06" ID-CoL="4R5YN" box="[822,904,1452,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">Q. robur</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BDBCFA3B4269FA06" ID-CoL="4R643" box="[914,1042,1452,1473]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sessiliflora">Q. sessiliflora</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FA51410EFA1C" box="[138,1909,1478,1499]" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FA5147F7FA1C" box="[138,396,1478,1499]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FA5147F7FA1C" ID-CoL="3R675" authority="Bodenheimer" authorityName="Bodenheimer" box="[138,396,1478,1499]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sadrii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FA514771FA1C" box="[138,266,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes sadrii</emphasis>
|
||
Bodenheimer
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FA51456CFA1C" box="[425,791,1478,1499]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BF87FA504790FA1C" box="[425,491,1479,1499]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FA514201FA1C" box="[822,1146,1478,1499]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FA5145DBFA1C" ID-CoL="4R479" box="[822,928,1478,1499]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aegilops">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FA5145DBFA1C" box="[822,928,1478,1499]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. aegilops</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFA514329FA1C" box="[1189,1362,1478,1499]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FA76410EFA31" box="[138,1909,1505,1526]" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FA7647F7FA31" box="[138,396,1505,1526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FA764715FA32" ID-CoL="3R676" authority="Ozkok" authorityName="Ozkok" box="[138,366,1505,1526]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="safinazae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FA764757FA31" box="[138,300,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes safinazae</emphasis>
|
||
Ozkok
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FA76456CFA31" box="[425,791,1505,1526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BF87FA764790FA32" box="[425,491,1505,1525]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FA764201FA31" box="[822,1146,1505,1526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FA7645FCFA31" ID-CoL="4R4KH" box="[822,903,1505,1526]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FA7645FCFA31" box="[822,903,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. cerris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BDBDFA76459BFA31" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[915,992,1505,1526]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BDBDFA76459BFA31" box="[915,992,1505,1526]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFA764329FA31" box="[1189,1362,1505,1526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4FA60410EF9D7" box="[138,1909,1527,1552]" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4FA6047F7F9D7" box="[138,396,1527,1552]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4FA6C4748F9D7" ID-CoL="3R67B" box="[138,307,1531,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="spatulatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4FA6C4748F9D7" box="[138,307,1531,1552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes spatulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87FA60456CF9D7" box="[425,791,1527,1552]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BF87FA6B47A0F9D7" box="[425,475,1532,1552]" name="Israel" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Israel</collectingCountry>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18FA604201F9D7" box="[822,1146,1527,1552]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18FA6C45B8F9D7" ID-CoL="4R597" box="[822,963,1531,1552]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ithaburensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18FA6C45B8F9D7" box="[822,963,1531,1552]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. ithaburensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BFA604329F9D7" box="[1189,1362,1527,1552]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EFA60410EF9D7" box="[1392,1909,1527,1552]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<date id="FFA4CDCC0E054325BB5EFA6B43FDF9C3" box="[1392,1414,1527,1552]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">1st</date>
|
||
instar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BBE5FA6B40FAF9D7" author="Balachowsky" box="[1483,1665,1532,1552]" firstAuthor="Balachowsky" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1953) Sur les Kermes Boitard (Hom. Coccoidea) des chenes du bassin oriental de la Mediterranee. Revue de Pathologie Vegetale et d'Entomologie Agricole de France, 32, 181 - 189." type="journal article" year="1953">Balachowsky, 1953</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4F981410EF9ED" box="[138,1909,1558,1578]" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4F98147F7F9ED" box="[138,396,1558,1578]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Balachowsky</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4F9BC410EF983" box="[138,1909,1579,1604]" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4F9BC47F7F983" box="[138,396,1579,1604]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4F9B84706F983" ID-CoL="3R67Q" authority="Planchon" authorityName="Planchon" box="[138,381,1583,1604]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4F9B84759F983" box="[138,290,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
Planchon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87F9BC456CF983" box="[425,791,1579,1604]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BF87F9A7478BF983" box="[425,496,1584,1604]" name="Algeria" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Algeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BFD7F9A7443AF983" box="[505,577,1584,1604]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Corsica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Crete,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BCA9F9A744B3F983" box="[647,712,1584,1604]" name="France" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">France</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BCFEF9A74568F983" box="[720,787,1584,1604]" name="Greece" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Greece</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18F9BC4201F983" box="[822,1146,1579,1604]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18F9B845E6F983" box="[822,925,1583,1604]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ballotae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18F9B845E6F983" box="[822,925,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. ballotae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD80F9B84264F983" ID-CoL="4R4M7" box="[942,1055,1583,1604]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccifera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD80F9B84264F983" box="[942,1055,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Q. coccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BA04F9B84216F983" box="[1066,1133,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BA04F9B84212F983" ID-CoL="793PC" box="[1066,1129,1583,1604]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">Q. ilex</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BA8BF9BC4329F983" box="[1189,1362,1579,1604]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">x</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EF9BC410EF983" box="[1392,1909,1579,1604]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<date id="FFA4CDCC0E054325BB5EF9A743FDF9FF" box="[1392,1414,1579,1604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">1st</date>
|
||
instar, 2nd instar male and female, 3rd instar female, Ƥ
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4F9DD410EF998" box="[138,1909,1610,1631]" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87F9DD456CF998" box="[425,791,1610,1631]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BF87F9DD47AEF999" box="[425,469,1610,1630]" name="Italy" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BFF0F9DD4448F999" box="[478,563,1610,1630]" name="Morocco" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Morocco</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BC12F9DD44F7F999" box="[572,652,1610,1630]" name="Portugal" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Portugal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Sardinia,
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18F9DD4201F998" box="[822,1146,1610,1631]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18F9DD45A5F998" box="[822,990,1610,1631]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18F9DD45FCF998" ID-CoL="4R678" box="[822,903,1610,1631]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="suber">Q. suber</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BDBFF9DD45A5F998" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[913,990,1610,1631]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EF9DD410EF998" box="[1392,1909,1610,1631]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325BB59F9DD4054F999" author="Balachowsky" box="[1399,1583,1610,1630]" firstAuthor="Balachowsky" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Balachowsky, A. S. (1950) Les Kermes (Hom. Coccidea) des chenes en Europe et dans le bassin Mediterraneen. Proceedings of the International Congress of Entomology (Stockholm, 8, 739 - 754." type="journal article" year="1950">Balachowsky, 1950</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325B816F9DD409FF999" author="Borchsenius" box="[1592,1764,1610,1630]" firstAuthor="Borchsenius" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecaniodiaspididae, Aclerdidae (in Russian). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp." type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present paper)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4F9F2410EF9BE" box="[138,1909,1637,1657]" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87F9F2456CF9BE" box="[425,791,1637,1657]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Sicily,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BFC4F9F2445AF9BE" box="[490,545,1637,1657]" name="Spain" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Spain</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BC04F9F24410F9BE" box="[554,619,1637,1657]" name="Turkey" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Turkey</collectingCountry>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="352AE94E0E05BCD8BEA4F9ED410EF954" box="[138,1909,1658,1683]" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" rowspan-3="1">
|
||
<th id="76FB80320E05BCD8BEA4F9ED47F7F954" box="[138,396,1658,1683]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BEA4F9E947F3F954" ID-CoL="3R67V" authority="Sternlicht" authorityName="Sternlicht" box="[138,392,1662,1683]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BEA4F9E94751F954" box="[138,298,1662,1683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Kermes williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
Sternlicht
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BF87F9ED456CF954" box="[425,791,1658,1683]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E054325BF87F9E8478EF954" box="[425,501,1663,1683]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BD18F9ED4201F954" box="[822,1146,1658,1683]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E054325BD18F9E945F8F954" ID-CoL="8W2YL" box="[822,899,1662,1683]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E054325BD18F9E945F8F954" box="[822,899,1662,1683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">Quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td id="76FB80320E05BCD8BB5EF9ED410EF954" box="[1392,1909,1658,1683]" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="2" pageNumber="38">
|
||
Ƥ, 1st instar, 2nd instar male (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E054325B859F9E84170F954" author="Sternlicht" box="[1655,1803,1663,1683]" firstAuthor="Sternlicht" pageId="2" pageNumber="38" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1969) Kermes bytinskii n. spec. (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) in Israel and observations on its life history. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 251 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Sternlicht, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF65BB840E044324BEB9F82844A6F812" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10998415" box="[151,733,1981,2006]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998415/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" startId="3.[151,250,1983,2006]" targetBox="[235,1352,195,1956]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E044324BEB9F82844A6F812" blockId="3.[151,733,1981,2006]" box="[151,733,1981,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E044324BEB9F8284768F812" bold="true" box="[151,275,1983,2006]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E044324BF37F8564453F812" ID-CoL="3R67Q" authority="Planchon" authorityName="Planchon" box="[281,552,1983,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E044324BF37F85647BBF812" box="[281,448,1983,2006]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="39">Kermes vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
Planchon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 1st -instar nymph.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E034323BEE7FF0F4322FD16" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BEE7FF0F476CFF77" bold="true" box="[201,279,152,176]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Venter</emphasis>
|
||
. Dermal spinules present medially on abdomen and thorax. Antennae 6-segmented, each 127 (105–213) μm long; scape with 1 trichoid seta; pedicel with 4 trichoid setae; 3rd segment with 1 trichoid seta; 4th segment with a chaetic seta; 5th with 2 trichoid and 1 chaetic setae; apical segment with 5 trichoid and 3 chaetic setae. Clypeolabral shield 94 (83–133) μm long. Labium triangular in shape, 3-segmented, 88 (70–95) μm long, basal and second segments each with one pair of setae, third segment with 4 pairs. Stylet loop longer than body. Basal protrusion and frontal lobe not found. Legs well developed, with two dome-shaped sensilla on each trochanter. Thoracic spiracles small and narrow, each about 19 (15–23) μm long and 6 (3–10) μm wide, usually with one, rarely two, disc-pores, each about 3.5 μm wide with 5–7 loculi. Pores: with a trilocular or 4-locular pore present near base of each scape; a bilocular pore, about 2 μm wide, present near base of each spiracle, and one on each margin of meso- and meta-thorax; also pairs of slightly larger trilocular pores, each about 3 μm wide, present medially on head, on margin of prothorax, medially on metathorax and on abdominal segments V–VII. Trichoid setae in 6 longitudinal rows on abdominal segments: medial row setae each 12 (10–17) μm long; submedial row 7 (6–9) μm long; submarginal row 4 (3–5) μm long; a few other short setae present on thorax and head. Anal lobes small and lightly sclerotized, each with one conical seta and one apical flagellate seta, latter 249 (200–288) μm long. Anal ring oval, 19 (15–25) μm long, 20 (18–24 μm) wide, with 6 setae, each 10 (8–15) long; with one pair of fine setae on anterior margin, each 13 (8–18) μm long, and another pair on posterior margin, each 27 (20–38) μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300B8870E034323BEE9FD77456EFC84" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E034323BEE9FD77456EFC84" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BEE9FD774734FD3E" bold="true" box="[199,335,736,761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the Mediterranean and European
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BD0BFD764500FD3F" box="[805,891,737,760]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BD0BFD764500FD3F" box="[805,891,737,760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, the 1st instar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BAA2FD764372FD3F" box="[1164,1289,736,760]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BAA2FD764372FD3F" box="[1164,1289,736,760]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is easily distinguishable by the presence of conical, spine-like marginal setae. The 1st instar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BA17FC9F42BEFCD8" box="[1081,1221,775,799]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="echinatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BA17FC9F42BEFCD8" box="[1081,1221,775,799]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">K. echinatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also has spine-like marginal setae, but the latter are longer and slightly bent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300B8870E034323BEE9FCD8456CF929" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E034323BEE9FCD84420FC4C" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
|
||
SECOND-INSTAR FEMALE (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E034323BC04FCD84415FCA0" box="[554,622,847,871]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1984,2007]" captionTargetBox="[151,1410,330,1967]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1411,330,1967]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Kermes vermilio Planchon, 2nd-instar female nymph." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998417/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BCADFCD9453EFCA0" bold="true" box="[643,837,846,871]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Living specimen</emphasis>
|
||
: oval, red, with white wax tufts regularly arranged on dorsum and thin wax threads on margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E034323BEE7FC004264FC68" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" box="[201,1055,918,943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BEE7FC0047D0FC68" bold="true" box="[201,427,918,943]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Mounted specimen</emphasis>
|
||
: body oval, 1 (0.8–1.4) mm long, 0.7 (0.4–1) mm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E034323BEE7FC2C4485FBF8" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BEE7FC2C4751FC14" bold="true" box="[201,298,955,979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
. Marginal setae conical, spinose and stout, each 14 (11–15) μm long, 6 (5–7) μm wide at base; with 36 (34-37) on each margin. A few small conical setae, each about 8–10 long, similar to marginal setae, sometimes bent, present mainly along body submargins of meso- and metathorax and first abdominal segments but also in a transverse single row on metathorax. Anal lobes fused.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E034323BEE7FBDC456CF929" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BEE7FBDC4760FBA4" bold="true" box="[201,283,1099,1123]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Venter.</emphasis>
|
||
Dermal crenules present medially on abdomen and thorax. Antennae usually 5-segmented, each 72 (63–83) μm long; scape usually with 2 very short setae, 4th segment with one chaetic seta; 5th segment with 4 trichoid and 3 chaetic setae. Clypeolabral shield 136 (113–163) μm long. Labium triangular, 126 (103–142) μm long, 3-segmented, basal and second segments each with one pair of setae, third segment with 4 pairs. Frontal lobes present, “sausage-shaped”, sometimes about as long as antennae; basal protrusion, or frontal swelling, not fully developed. Legs short, tubercle-like, two-segmented, usually with some short setae and a small, misshapen claw. Spiracles well developed, sclerotized; each anterior spiracle 38 (32–45) μm long and 13 (11–13) μm wide, usually with 3 (rarely 2 or 4) five-locular pores, each 4 μm wide; each posterior spiracle 40 (35–45) long and 13 (10–15) μm wide, with 1 or 2 five-locular pores. Bilocular pores, each about 2 μm wide, distributed in a submarginal row on abdomen, with 1–3 near each spiracle, 1 or 2 on head and on each thoracic segment. Occasional specimens with up to three 5-locular pores, each about 4 μm wide, on submargin of last abdominal segments. Tubular ducts, each 10 μm long and 4 wide with a thin inner filament, distributed in 2 submarginal, 2 submedial and 2 medial longitudinal rows on abdomen, and sparse throughout thorax and head. Body setae distributed in 6 longitudinal rows on abdomen: with a pair of flagellate setae, each 22 (15–25) μm long present medially on each abdominal and thoracic segment; a pair of submedial setae, smaller than medial, on each abdominal segment, and a short seta, 5 μm long, on submargin of each abdominal segment; some flagellate setae also present medially on thorax and head. Anal lobes small, each with one conical seta and one quite long apical seta, 52 (38–63) μm long. Anal ring oval, 35 (25–40) μm long, 30 (23–38) μm wide, with 6 setae, each 28 (15–38) μm long; also with a pair of setose setae, each 18 (13–25) μm long, in front of anterior margin of anal ring.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300B8870E034323BEE1F9684444F835" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E034323BEE1F9684444F835" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BEE1F968472FF8DF" bold="true" box="[207,340,1791,1816]" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Descriptions of 2nd -instar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BC5FF89644BEF8DF" box="[625,709,1793,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BC5FF89644BEF8DF" box="[625,709,1793,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females are very few, probably because this stage is present on the host plant for a very short time. Among the Palaearctic species, the only other described 2nd -instar females are of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BBACF8B147B7F8A7" authority="Sternlicht, 1969" authorityName="Sternlicht" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BBACF8B1468DF8A6" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E034323BF27F8DF47BFF8A7" author="Sternlicht" box="[265,452,1864,1888]" firstAuthor="Sternlicht" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1969) Kermes bytinskii n. spec. (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) in Israel and observations on its life history. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 251 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Sternlicht, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BC22F8DD451EF8A7" authority="Podsiadlo, 2012" authorityName="Podsiadlo" authorityYear="2012" box="[524,869,1864,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BC22F8DD44F1F8A6" box="[524,650,1866,1889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E034323BCB3F8DF4525F8A7" author="Podsiadlo" box="[669,862,1864,1888]" firstAuthor="Podsiadlo" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" refString="Podsiadlo, E. (2012) Morphology of second instar nymphs of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 81, 35 - 42." type="journal article" year="2012">Podsiadlo, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BD5BF8DD4581F8A6" box="[885,1018,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BD5BF8DD4581F8A6" box="[885,1018,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BAB2F8DD4367F8A6" box="[1180,1308,1865,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BAB2F8DD4367F8A6" box="[1180,1308,1865,1889]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as follows (characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BF17F8F947CCF842" box="[313,439,1901,1925]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BF17F8F947CCF842" box="[313,439,1901,1925]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in brackets): marginal setae hair-like (spine-like); presence of well developed legs (legs tubercle-like); tubular ducts present on dorsum and venter (on venter only); trilocular and 5-locular pores present on dorsum (on venter only).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BF9EF820445CF809" box="[432,551,1975,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BF9EF820445CF809" box="[432,551,1975,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E034323BC97F820454EF809" box="[697,821,1974,1998]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E034323BC97F820454EF809" box="[697,821,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="40">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mainly by the presence of tubular ducts on dorsum and of numerous 5-locular pores on venter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300B8870E02432EBEE9FF0D4780FA98" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E024322BEE9FF0D4351FE85" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,322]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Some Nearctic 2nd -instar females have been described and all have well-developed legs and 5-locular pores restricted to the venter only. In addition,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E024322BC5FFF57451EFF10" authority="Ehrhorn" authorityName="Ehrhorn" box="[625,869,191,215]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E024322BC5FFF57457AFF10" box="[625,769,191,215]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">K. cockerelli</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrhorn
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has few dorsal setae and rare dorsal simple pores which, according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E024322BF53FF7444E6FF3D" author="Baer & Kosztarab" box="[381,669,226,250]" firstAuthor="Baer" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" refString="Baer, R. G. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects - No. 12. II. A morphological and systematic study of the first and second instars of the family Kermesidae in the Nearctic region (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University Research Division, 85, 119 - 261." type="journal article" year="1985">Baer & Kosztarab (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, are easily missed;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E024322BD57FF73423EFF3D" authority="Ferris" authorityName="Ferris" box="[889,1093,226,251]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E024322BD57FF734587FF3C" box="[889,1020,228,251]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">K. rimarum</emphasis>
|
||
Ferris
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has only 2 dorsal longitudinal rows of small submedial setae and no dorsal pores; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E024322BD27FE9F425EFED8" authority="Cockerell" authorityName="Cockerell" box="[777,1061,263,287]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E024322BD27FE9F45CBFED8" box="[777,944,263,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">K. concinnulus</emphasis>
|
||
Cockerell
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 2 dorsal longitudinal rows of small submedial setae and scattered simple pores on dorsum, each 2 μm wide (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E024322BA26FEBD4365FE85" author="Baer & Kosztarab" box="[1032,1310,298,322]" firstAuthor="Baer" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" refString="Baer, R. G. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects - No. 12. II. A morphological and systematic study of the first and second instars of the family Kermesidae in the Nearctic region (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University Research Division, 85, 119 - 261." type="journal article" year="1985">Baer & Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF65BB840E024322BEB9F8574556F811" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10998417" box="[151,813,1981,2007]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998417/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" startId="5.[151,250,1984,2007]" targetBox="[151,1410,330,1967]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E024322BEB9F8574556F811" blockId="5.[151,813,1981,2007]" box="[151,813,1981,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E024322BEB9F8574768F812" bold="true" box="[151,275,1984,2007]" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E024322BF37F8564453F811" authority="Planchon" authorityName="Planchon" box="[281,552,1984,2006]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="41" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E024322BF37F85647BBF811" box="[281,448,1984,2006]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="41">Kermes vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
Planchon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2nd -instar female nymph.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E014321BEE9FF0045A0FF13" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
SECOND-INSTAR MALE (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E014321BC22FF00442BFF68" box="[524,592,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1978,2001]" captionTargetBox="[209,1378,193,1953]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[209,1378,193,1954]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Kermes vermilio Planchon, 2nd-instar male nymph." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998421" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998421/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BC49FF004551FF77" bold="true" box="[615,810,151,176]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Living specimen</emphasis>
|
||
: similar to first-instar nymphs, but more elliptical; dorsum with white wax tufts regularly arranged and without thin wax threads.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E014321BEE7FF774232FF30" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[201,1097,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BEE7FF7747D0FF3F" bold="true" box="[201,427,223,248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Mounted specimen</emphasis>
|
||
: body oval, 1.3 (0.9–1.6) mm long, 0.7 (0.5–0.9) mm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E014321BEE7FE9342F7FE33" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BEE7FE93474BFEDB" bold="true" box="[201,304,260,284]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Dorsum.</emphasis>
|
||
Marginal setae conical, short and stout, mostly 14 (11–17) μm long, 6 (4–7) μm wide at base, but with some smaller and thinner setae interspersed; with 35 (33–37) on each margin. Submedial conical setae, shorter and thinner than marginal setae, in 6–8 pairs, distributed in submedial rows from head to metathorax, each 7 (5–10) μm long, 3 μm wide; also with 2–4 pairs forming a short longitudinal row medially on frons. Simple pores absent. Bilocular pores few, each 2 μm wide, sparse on head, thorax and across first abdominal segments. Tubular ducts, each 10 μm long and 4 wide with a thin inner filament, present in irregular transverse bands across abdominal segments and thorax; sparse on head. Anal lobes small, lightly sclerotized and partially fused.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E014321BEE7FD974465FBB8" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BEE7FD974760FDDF" bold="true" box="[201,283,512,536]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Venter.</emphasis>
|
||
Dermal crenules present medially on venter of thorax and head. Antennae 7-segmented, each 192 (120–255) μm long. Scape with 2 trichoid setae; pedicel with 2 trichoid setae; 4th segment with 1 trichoid seta; 5th segment with 1 chaetic seta; last segment with 5 trichoid and 3 chaetic setae. Single preantennal pore present just anterior to each scape. Clypeolabral shield 125 (90–160) μm long. Labium triangular, 117 (105–135) μm long, 3- segmented, basal and second segments each with one pair of setae, third segment with 4 pairs. Frontal lobes present, shorter than antennae. Legs well developed, each trochanter with 2 dome-shaped sensilla; claw with a small denticle. Spiracles: each anterior spiracle 40 (35–43) μm long and 13 (10–14) μm wide, usually with 3 (rarely 2 or 4) spiracular pores, each 4 μm wide with 5–6 loculi; each posterior spiracle 41 (38–45) μm long and 14 (13–15) μm wide, usually with one (rarely 2) spiracular pores. Quinquelocular pores forming four longitudinal submarginal and submedial rows on abdomen, with 5 pores in each submedial row, and 6 or
|
||
<quantity id="4CE246E90E014321BDD6FCDF425FFC98" box="[1016,1060,839,863]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.778" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" unit="in" value="7.0">7 in</quantity>
|
||
each submarginal row. Bilocular pores few, of two slightly different shapes, each about 3 μm wide, in a single submarginal row on abdomen and thorax. Tubular ducts similar to those on dorsum, present along body margin and submargin and in irregular transverse bands on thorax; sparse on head; also with 4-6 ducts across each abdominal segment. Body setae, each usually 42 (39–44) μm long, present on head and thorax, in groups between legs, and forming 6 longitudinal rows on abdomen; each medial setae about 35 (24–39) μm long, submedial setae 7 (6–9) μm long, and submarginal setae 5 (5–6) μm long. Anal lobes poorly developed, each with one conical seta 30 (23–38) μm long, on inner margin and one fairly long apical seta, 92 (880–105) μm long. Anal ring round, 37 (33–40) μm long, 36 (32–40) wide, with pores and 6 setae, each 43 (28– 48) long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E014321BEE9FB1A4284FAFF" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BEE9FB1A4734FB61" bold="true" box="[199,335,1165,1190]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Among the Palaearctic species, the only other 2nd -instar
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E014321BDF6FB184256FB61" box="[984,1069,1167,1190]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BDF6FB184256FB61" box="[984,1069,1167,1190]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
males described are those of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BBACFB1847F5FB0E" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E014321BBACFB184682FB0E" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">K. bytinskii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E014321BF2BFB2547F5FB0E" box="[261,398,1201,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">K. williamsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E014321BFB0FB26442CFB0E" author="Sternlicht" box="[414,599,1201,1225]" firstAuthor="Sternlicht" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1969) Kermes bytinskii n. spec. (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) in Israel and observations on its life history. Israel Journal of Entomology, 4, 251 - 270." type="journal article" year="1969">Sternlicht, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E014321BC4AFB2644E6FB0E" author="Sternlicht" box="[612,669,1201,1225]" firstAuthor="Sternlicht" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1972) A new species of Kermes Boitard (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) from England on oak. Entomologist's Gazette, 23, 259 - 266." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E014321BCF1FB254250FB0E" authority="Podsiadlo, 2012" authorityName="Podsiadlo" authorityYear="2012" box="[735,1067,1201,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BCF1FB254522FB0E" box="[735,857,1202,1225]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">K. quercus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E014321BD47FB264258FB0E" author="Podsiadlo" box="[873,1059,1201,1225]" firstAuthor="Podsiadlo" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" refString="Podsiadlo, E. (2012) Morphology of second instar nymphs of Kermes quercus (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Kermesidae). Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne, 81, 35 - 42." type="journal article" year="2012">Podsiadlo, 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.They clearly differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E014321BB63FB2546AAFB37" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BB63FB2546AAFB37" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
because their marginal setae are long and hair-like, whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E014321BDF8FB4E4228FB37" box="[982,1107,1240,1264]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BDF8FB4E4228FB37" box="[982,1107,1240,1264]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are spinose.The Nearctic 2nd - instar males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E014321BF62FB6A47A7FAD3" box="[332,476,1276,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cockerelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BF62FB6A47A7FAD3" box="[332,476,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">K. cockerelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E014321BFC0FB6A440FFAD3" box="[494,628,1277,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rimarum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BFC0FB6A440FFAD3" box="[494,628,1277,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">K. rimarum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E014321BC9EFB6A4520FAD3" box="[688,859,1276,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="concinnulus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BC9EFB6A4520FAD3" box="[688,859,1276,1300]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">K. concinnulus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also have long, hair-like marginal setae, and also tubular ducts and 5-locular pores scattered on both the dorsum and venter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E014321BDF2FAB74288FAFF" author="Baer & Kosztarab" box="[988,1267,1312,1336]" firstAuthor="Baer" pageId="6" pageNumber="42" refString="Baer, R. G. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects - No. 12. II. A morphological and systematic study of the first and second instars of the family Kermesidae in the Nearctic region (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and University Research Division, 85, 119 - 261." type="journal article" year="1985">Baer & Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E014321BEE9FAD34359FA47" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
THIRD-INSTAR FEMALE (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E014321BC21FAD3442FFA9B" box="[527,596,1348,1372]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1691,1714]" captionTargetBox="[151,1391,193,1666]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,193,1668]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Kermes vermilio Planchon, 3rd-instar female nymph." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998423" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998423/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BC46FAD34550FA9A" bold="true" box="[616,811,1348,1373]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Living specimen</emphasis>
|
||
: body largely oval or hemispherical, red or brown; dorsum covered with glassy wax with some protruding conical waxy tufts regularly distributed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E014321BA88FAFF428CFA47" box="[1190,1271,1384,1408]" captionStart="PLATE 1" captionStartId="11.[151,234,1887,1908]" captionTargetBox="[231,1364,195,1861]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[231,1366,195,1862]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="PLATE 1. Kermes vermilio Planchon, macroscopic appearance and damage to Quercus ilex: a) adult post-reproductive female and nymphs (Bitonto (BA), April 2009, Italy); b) young reproductive females, third-instar female nymphs and crawlers (Bari, July 2008, Italy); c) fully-mature reproductive female with crawlers (Lecce, July 2012, Italy); d) third-instar female nymphs (Lecce, July 2010, Italy); e) male test under a leaf; (f) branch infested by tests (Bari, May 2010, Italy); and g) dieback due to K. vermilio outbreak in an urban environment (Bari, May 2010, Italy)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998425/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Plate 1</figureCitation>
|
||
: d).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E014321BEE7FA1A42F5FA63" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" box="[201,1166,1420,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BEE7FA1A47D0FA62" bold="true" box="[201,427,1420,1445]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Mounted specimen</emphasis>
|
||
: body rounded, 1.8 (1–2.4) mm long and 1.6 (0.9–2.8) mm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E014321BEE7FA26431FF967" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BEE7FA26474AFA0E" bold="true" box="[201,305,1457,1481]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Dorsum.</emphasis>
|
||
Marginal setae conical, thick, with 88 (66–111) setae on each margin, of three different size randomly placed: 1) large setae, each 17 (15–19) μm long, 7 (9–11) μm wide at base; 2) medium-sized setae, each 13 (11–14) μm long, 3.5 μm wide at base; and 3) small setae, each 8 (7–9) μm long and 3 μm wide at base; also with submarginal groups of 1-3 conical setae similar to medial and small marginal setae. Other conical setae, each 15 µm long and 3.5 µm wide at base, present in a submedial line from head to metathorax; also very small conical setae, each 7 (6-8) μm long and 2 μm wide, irregularly distributed submarginally and over abdominal segments, mingled with small thin setae. Small bilocular pores sparse over dorsum. Tubular ducts and anal lobes absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E01432FBEE7F93A42BFF86D" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2021]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,1757,2037]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E014321BEE7F93A4760F902" bold="true" box="[201,283,1709,1733]" pageId="6" pageNumber="42">Venter.</emphasis>
|
||
Dermal crenules present medially on abdomen and thorax. Antennae short, each 2 or 3 segmented, but often with unclear segmentation, each 75 (55–88) μm long; penultimate segment usually with one chaetic seta; apical segment with 4 trichoid and 3 chaetic setae. Frontal lobes well developed. Clypeolabral shield 180 (138–213) μm long. Labium subtriangular, 168 (130–190) μm long, 3-segmented, basal and second segments each with one pair of setae, third segment with 4 pairs. Legs small, tubercle-like, possibly two-segmented, usually with 4 short setae and a short, misshapen claw. Spiracles well developed, sclerotized, each anterior spiracle 73 (55–100) μm long and 35 (25–55) μm wide, with 3–5 associated spiracular disc-pores, each about 4 μm wide and with 2–-6 loculi (usually 5 or 6); each posterior spiracle 84 (63–100) μm long and 39 (25–55) μm wide, with 2 or 3 associated disc-pores; some specimens with 1 or 2 disc-pores also present in middle of thorax or on last abdominal segment. Bilocular pores‚ each about 3 μm wide, present throughout venter, most numerous on submargin. Tubular ducts each 15 (14–16) μm long, 3–4 μm wide, present in a wide marginal band and forming an irregular single row across each abdominal segment; sparse medially on thorax and head. Ventral trichoid setae in transverse rows on abdominal segments, plus a few on thorax and head. Anal lobes fused; longest apical seta 65 (50–80) μm long and auxiliary seta 21 (15–30) μm long. Anal ring almost circular 42 (37–43) μm long and 38 (25–40) μm wide; anal ring with pores, anal setae not seen; with three pairs of suranal setae, each 16 (10–23) μm long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF65BB840E004320BEB9F82D4562F817" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10998421" box="[151,793,1976,2001]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998421/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" startId="7.[151,250,1978,2001]" targetBox="[209,1378,193,1953]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E004320BEB9F82D4562F817" blockId="7.[151,793,1976,2001]" box="[151,793,1976,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E004320BEB9F82D4769F817" bold="true" box="[151,274,1978,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E004320BF37F82C4453F817" authority="Planchon" authorityName="Planchon" box="[281,552,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="43" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E004320BF37F82C47BBF817" box="[281,448,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="43">Kermes vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
Planchon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 2nd -instar male nymph.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF65BB840E0F432FBEB9F90C4551F976" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998423" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10998423" box="[151,810,1689,1714]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998423/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" startId="8.[151,250,1691,1714]" targetBox="[151,1391,193,1666]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0F432FBEB9F90C4551F976" blockId="8.[151,810,1689,1714]" box="[151,810,1689,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0F432FBEB9F90C4769F976" bold="true" box="[151,274,1691,1714]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0F432FBF37F90A4453F976" authority="Planchon" authorityName="Planchon" box="[281,552,1691,1714]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0F432FBF37F90A47BBF975" box="[281,448,1692,1714]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">Kermes vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
Planchon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 3rd -instar female nymph.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0F432EBEE9F82F432BFE54" blockId="8.[151,1437,1757,2037]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,1843]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0F432FBEE9F82F4734F816" bold="true" box="[199,335,1976,2001]" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0F432FBF78F82E4448F816" author="Borchsenius" box="[342,563,1977,2001]" firstAuthor="Borchsenius" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecaniodiaspididae, Aclerdidae (in Russian). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp." type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described and illustrated the 3rd -instar nymph (“older larval stage”) of
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0F432FBB60F82D46A3F832" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0F432FBB60F82D46AFF832" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="44" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">K. vermilio</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
His description is similar to ours although he did not recognise the presence of dorsal and ventral bilocular pores.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0E432EBECAFF0D47B9FF75" author="Borchsenius" box="[228,450,154,178]" firstAuthor="Borchsenius" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecaniodiaspididae, Aclerdidae (in Russian). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp." type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also provided a description and drawing of the 3rd instar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBA55FF0B46AFFF10" authority="Borchsenius. From" authorityName="Borchsenius. From" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="globosus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBA55FF0B437AFF74" box="[1147,1281,155,179]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. globosus</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius. From
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
his drawing, we can infer that this Asiatic species has segmented legs, a ventral submarginal band of tubular ducts, simple pores and 5-locular pores scattered throughout the dorsum. Among the Nearctic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBA95FF70436BFF39" box="[1211,1296,231,254]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBA95FF70436BFF39" box="[1211,1296,231,254]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, only the 3rd instar of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBED3FE9D4416FEE6" authority="Cockerell & King" authorityName="Cockerell & King" box="[253,621,265,289]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBED3FE9D47FCFEE6" box="[253,391,265,289]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
(Cockerell & King)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been described and illustrated: it has a ventral submarginal band of tubular ducts, marginal spine-like setae and 5-locular pores sparse on body margin and venter (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0E432EBAEEFEBA4766FEAB" author="Bullington" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Bullington, S. W. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects - No. 12. I. Revision of the family Kermesidae (Homoptera) in the Nearctic region based on adult and third instar females. Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Agricultural Experiment Station, 85, 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1985">Bullington & Kostzarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). No other 3rd instars of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBC09FEC24406FEAB" box="[551,637,341,364]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBC09FEC24406FEAB" box="[551,637,341,364]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species have been described. It should be noted that the description and illustration of the 3rd instar of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBC23FEEB44F6FE54" box="[525,653,379,403]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBC23FEEB44F6FE54" box="[525,653,379,403]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0E432EBC99FEEC450EFE54" author="Sternlicht" box="[695,885,379,403]" firstAuthor="Sternlicht" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Sternlicht, M. (1972) A new species of Kermes Boitard (Coccoidea, Kermesidae) from England on oak. Entomologist's Gazette, 23, 259 - 266." type="journal article" year="1972">Sternlicht (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is clearly a pre-reproductive adult female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0E432EBEE9FE374734FD80" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
ADULT FEMALE (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E0E432EBF9CFE084781FE70" box="[434,506,415,439]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1832,1855]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,215,1810]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,195,1811]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. Kermes vermilio Planchon, adult female." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214058/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBC3DFE0944A2FE70" bold="true" box="[531,729,414,439]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Living specimen</emphasis>
|
||
: fully-grown reproductive females sub-spherical, dark red or brown, covered with a fine white or pale grey mealy wax; body 5 (3–7) mm long, 4.7 (2.7–6.6) mm wide and 4.6 (2.6–6) mm high (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E0E432EBF4BFE7047CCFE38" box="[357,439,487,511]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1858,1879]" captionTargetBox="[242,1345,193,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[238,1347,193,1816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 2. Kermes vermilio Planchon 1864, microscopic details of adult female: a) large black arrow: marginal spines; small black arrow: dorsal spine; white arrow: tubular ducts b) foreground: adult female ventral dermal crenules background: tubular ducts; c) multilocular-disc pores; inset: one enlarged multilocular disc-pore; d) arrow: marginal band of tubular ducts in a postreproductive female; e) dorsal bilocular pore; arrows: imprint of coiled wax threads; f) multilocular-disc pore; g) orifice of tubular duct; arrow: imprint of coiled wax threads. Pictures a, b & c: phase-contrast of stained mounted specimens; d, e, f, g: SEM of uncoated specimen in charge-reduction mode." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998427/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Plate 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: a, b, c). Due to their heavily sclerotized cuticle, these are unsuitable for a reliable identification based on microscopic morphological characters. The following description is based on young pre-reproductive females.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0E432EBEE7FDC446AEFD48" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBEE7FDC447D6FDAC" bold="true" box="[201,429,594,619]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Mounted specimen</emphasis>
|
||
: body of young pre-reproductive rounded, 3.3 (1.7–3.5) mm long and 3 (1.3–3.4) mm wide.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0E432EBEE7FD0C4437FC84" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBEE7FD0C4751FD74" bold="true" box="[201,298,667,691]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Dorsum</emphasis>
|
||
. Marginal setae all similar and spine-like, conical‚ stout, blunt (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E0E432EBDD8FD0C423CFD74" box="[1014,1095,667,691]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1858,1879]" captionTargetBox="[242,1345,193,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[238,1347,193,1816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 2. Kermes vermilio Planchon 1864, microscopic details of adult female: a) large black arrow: marginal spines; small black arrow: dorsal spine; white arrow: tubular ducts b) foreground: adult female ventral dermal crenules background: tubular ducts; c) multilocular-disc pores; inset: one enlarged multilocular disc-pore; d) arrow: marginal band of tubular ducts in a postreproductive female; e) dorsal bilocular pore; arrows: imprint of coiled wax threads; f) multilocular-disc pore; g) orifice of tubular duct; arrow: imprint of coiled wax threads. Pictures a, b & c: phase-contrast of stained mounted specimens; d, e, f, g: SEM of uncoated specimen in charge-reduction mode." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998427/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Plate 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: a), each 18 (13–20) μm long, 7.5 (7–12) μm wide at base, with 92 (73–133) setae on each margin. Dorsal setae spinose, conical, unevenly distributed, each about 12 (7–14) μm long and 3–6 μm wide. Small bilocular pores, each about 1.7 μm wide, sparse in a wide submarginal band. Tubular ducts, each 12 μm long and 4 μm wide, present throughout dorsum, most numerous along body margin and submargin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0E432EBEE7FCD84780FA98" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBEE7FCD84760FCA0" bold="true" box="[201,283,847,871]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Venter.</emphasis>
|
||
Dermal crenules present medially on abdomen and thorax (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E0E432EBDE8FCD84262FCA0" box="[966,1049,847,871]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1858,1879]" captionTargetBox="[242,1345,193,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[238,1347,193,1816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 2. Kermes vermilio Planchon 1864, microscopic details of adult female: a) large black arrow: marginal spines; small black arrow: dorsal spine; white arrow: tubular ducts b) foreground: adult female ventral dermal crenules background: tubular ducts; c) multilocular-disc pores; inset: one enlarged multilocular disc-pore; d) arrow: marginal band of tubular ducts in a postreproductive female; e) dorsal bilocular pore; arrows: imprint of coiled wax threads; f) multilocular-disc pore; g) orifice of tubular duct; arrow: imprint of coiled wax threads. Pictures a, b & c: phase-contrast of stained mounted specimens; d, e, f, g: SEM of uncoated specimen in charge-reduction mode." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998427/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Plate 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: b). Antennae short, tubercle-like, with unclear segmentation, each 88 (50–115) μm long, usually with 2 short setae near base, 2 chaetic setae medially and 7 or 8 setae at apex. Basal protrusion and frontal lobes absent. Clypeolabral shield 234 (213–250) μm long. Labium subtriangular, 217 (188–250) μm long, 3-segmented, basal and second segments each with one pair of setae, third segment with 4 pairs. Legs absent. Spiracles well developed and sclerotized, each anterior spiracle 150 (125–175) μm long and 109 (95–125) μm wide, each posterior spiracle 151 (125–190) μm long and 120 (100–138) μm wide. Bilocular pores (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E0E432EBC10FBB044F4FBF8" box="[574,655,1063,1087]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1858,1879]" captionTargetBox="[242,1345,193,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[238,1347,193,1816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 2. Kermes vermilio Planchon 1864, microscopic details of adult female: a) large black arrow: marginal spines; small black arrow: dorsal spine; white arrow: tubular ducts b) foreground: adult female ventral dermal crenules background: tubular ducts; c) multilocular-disc pores; inset: one enlarged multilocular disc-pore; d) arrow: marginal band of tubular ducts in a postreproductive female; e) dorsal bilocular pore; arrows: imprint of coiled wax threads; f) multilocular-disc pore; g) orifice of tubular duct; arrow: imprint of coiled wax threads. Pictures a, b & c: phase-contrast of stained mounted specimens; d, e, f, g: SEM of uncoated specimen in charge-reduction mode." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998427/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Plate 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: e)‚ each about 3 μm wide, scattered on head and thorax, most numerous along body submargins; rare medially on abdominal segments. Multilocular pores (Plate 3: c, f)‚ each with 10–12 loculi and about 7 μm wide, present in wide transverse bands on abdominal segments and forming groups near each spiracle and antennae. Tubular ducts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E0E432EBC83FB044484FB6C" box="[685,767,1171,1195]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1858,1879]" captionTargetBox="[242,1345,193,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[238,1347,193,1816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 2. Kermes vermilio Planchon 1864, microscopic details of adult female: a) large black arrow: marginal spines; small black arrow: dorsal spine; white arrow: tubular ducts b) foreground: adult female ventral dermal crenules background: tubular ducts; c) multilocular-disc pores; inset: one enlarged multilocular disc-pore; d) arrow: marginal band of tubular ducts in a postreproductive female; e) dorsal bilocular pore; arrows: imprint of coiled wax threads; f) multilocular-disc pore; g) orifice of tubular duct; arrow: imprint of coiled wax threads. Pictures a, b & c: phase-contrast of stained mounted specimens; d, e, f, g: SEM of uncoated specimen in charge-reduction mode." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998427/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Plate 2</figureCitation>
|
||
: a, g), each about 21–25 μm long and 3.2–4μm wide, forming a wide, dense, marginal band (Plate 3: d), but sparse over remaining venter and in single rows across abdominal segments. Ventral setae each 12 (10–17) μm long distributed across abdominal segments, plus a few also medially and submedially on head and thorax, these 17 (14–20) μm long. Longest apical seta each 73 (65–85) μm long; with 3 pairs of suranal setae, each 19 (13–25) μm long. Anal ring roughly oval, 40 (30–55) μm long and 36 (30–48) μm wide, with pores, without setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300B8870E0E432EBEE9FAFD421BF8F4" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0E432EBEE9FAFD43EDFA60" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBEE9FAFD4734FA44" bold="true" box="[199,335,1386,1411]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
Our description of the adult female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBD36FAFB45E2FA44" box="[792,921,1387,1411]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBD36FAFB45E2FA44" box="[792,921,1387,1411]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">C. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
agrees well with that of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0E432EBA93FAFC43E7FA44" author="Borchsenius" box="[1213,1436,1387,1411]" firstAuthor="Borchsenius" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecaniodiaspididae, Aclerdidae (in Russian). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp." type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
although he did not record the tubular ducts across the ventral segments nor the presence of dorsal bilocular pores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0E432EBEE7FA244506F99C" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
The structure of the multilocular disc-pores in the adult female was studied under a SEM microscope (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1321F7890E0E432EBB68FA2443ECFA0C" box="[1350,1431,1459,1483]" captionStart="PLATE 2" captionStartId="12.[151,234,1858,1879]" captionTargetBox="[242,1345,193,1804]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[238,1347,193,1816]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="PLATE 2. Kermes vermilio Planchon 1864, microscopic details of adult female: a) large black arrow: marginal spines; small black arrow: dorsal spine; white arrow: tubular ducts b) foreground: adult female ventral dermal crenules background: tubular ducts; c) multilocular-disc pores; inset: one enlarged multilocular disc-pore; d) arrow: marginal band of tubular ducts in a postreproductive female; e) dorsal bilocular pore; arrows: imprint of coiled wax threads; f) multilocular-disc pore; g) orifice of tubular duct; arrow: imprint of coiled wax threads. Pictures a, b & c: phase-contrast of stained mounted specimens; d, e, f, g: SEM of uncoated specimen in charge-reduction mode." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998427/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Plate 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, f) and proved to be different from their appearance under the phase-contrast microscope (Plate 3, c) and as usually represented in scientific drawings. The structure suggests that a ridged waxy tube rather than several wax filaments is extruded through this kind of pore. Possibly this pore structure is similar throughout the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBA8DF9884352F9F0" box="[1187,1321,1567,1591]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Kermesidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and SEM studies could show a similar morphology in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBCE6F9D34565F99C" box="[712,798,1604,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBCE6F9D34565F99C" box="[712,798,1604,1627]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0E432EBEE7F9FF421BF8F4" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,1843]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
In comparison with other adult female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBCAFF9FF44ADF9B8" box="[641,726,1640,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBCAFF9FF44ADF9B8" box="[641,726,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBD69F9FF45CCF9B8" box="[839,951,1639,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermili">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBD69F9FF45CCF9B8" box="[839,951,1639,1663]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. vermili</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
o lack legs (i.e. not even reduced to tubercles), whereas the adult females of other Palaearctic or Oriental
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBD42F91B45BAF964" box="[876,961,1676,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBD42F91B45BAF964" box="[876,961,1676,1699]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Kermes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (i.e.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBA7BF91B43EEF964" box="[1109,1429,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBA7BF91B4285F964" box="[1109,1278,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bacciformis">K. bacciformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBB27F91B43EEF964" box="[1289,1429,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corticalis">K. corticalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, K.
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBE97F92747F4F900" box="[185,399,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBE97F9274768F900" box="[185,275,1712,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quercus">quercus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBF30F92747F4F900" box="[286,399,1711,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="roboris">K. roboris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBFB3F927445FF900" box="[413,548,1711,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="williamsi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBFB3F927445FF900" box="[413,548,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. williamsi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBC1CF92744CAF900" box="[562,689,1711,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bytinskii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBC1CF92744CAF900" box="[562,689,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. bytinskii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBC90F92745A4F900" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[702,991,1711,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punctatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBC90F9274537F900" box="[702,844,1712,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. punctatus</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBDC4F927430CF900" authority="Borchsenius" authorityName="Borchsenius" box="[1002,1399,1711,1735]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="macrantherae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBDC4F927429FF900" box="[1002,1252,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">Kermes macrantherae</emphasis>
|
||
Borchsenius
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBBACF9274717F92C" authority="Kuwana" authorityName="Kuwana" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miyasakii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBBACF9274779F92C" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. miyasakii</emphasis>
|
||
Kuwana
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBF54F94344F0F92C" authority="Liu & Shi" authorityName="Liu & Shi" box="[378,651,1747,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBF54F9434473F92C" box="[378,520,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
Liu & Shi
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBCB7F9434549F92C" authority="Liu" authorityName="Liu" box="[665,818,1747,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBCB7F9434484F92C" box="[665,767,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. flavus</emphasis>
|
||
Liu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0E432EBD6EF943426FF92C" authority="Liu" authorityName="Liu" box="[832,1044,1747,1771]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bannaensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0E432EBD6EF9434599F92C" box="[832,994,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="45">K. bannaensis</emphasis>
|
||
Liu
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0E432EBA03F94442A4F92C" author="Leonardi" box="[1069,1247,1747,1771]" firstAuthor="Leonardi" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Leonardi, G. (1920) Monografia delle cocciniglie Italiane. Della Torre, Portici, 555 pp." type="book" year="1920">Leonardi, 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0E432EBAC0F94343ECF92C" author="Kuwana" box="[1262,1431,1747,1771]" firstAuthor="Kuwana" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Kuwana, S. I. (1931) On the genus Kermes in the eastern Asia. Kontyu, 5, 47 - 51." type="journal article" year="1931">Kuwana, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0E432EBEB9F9604717F8C8" author="Borchsenius" box="[151,364,1783,1807]" firstAuthor="Borchsenius" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Borchsenius, N. S. (1960) Fauna of USSR, Homoptera, Kermococcidae, Asterolecaniidae, Lecaniodiaspididae, Aclerdidae (in Russian). Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Zoologicheskii Institut (Series), Leningrad, 282 pp." type="book" year="1960">Borchsenius, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0E432EBF57F9604790F8C8" author="Liu, Y." box="[377,491,1783,1807]" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" pagination="267" refId="ref8539" refString="Liu, Y. (1995) A new species of Kermes (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Kermesidae) from China (In Chinese). Entomotaxonomia, 17, 267 - 270." type="journal article" year="1995">Liu, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0E432EBFD6F96044BDF8C8" author="Liu and Shi" box="[504,710,1783,1807]" firstAuthor="Liu" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Liu, Y. & Shi, Y. (1995) Two new species of Kermes (Homoptera: Coccinea: Kermesidae), with a key to the young adult females of known species of Kermes from China. Insecta Mundi, 9,155 - 163." type="book" year="1995">Liu and Shi, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) have segmented legs, even if the segments are reduced or partially fused. This is also true of the Nearctic species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8B96FD0E0E432EBCC6F88C4228F8F4" author="Bullington and Kosztarab" box="[744,1107,1819,1843]" firstAuthor="Bullington" pageId="9" pageNumber="45" refString="Bullington, S. W. & Kosztarab, M. (1985) Studies on the morphology and systematics of scale insects - No. 12. I. Revision of the family Kermesidae (Homoptera) in the Nearctic region based on adult and third instar females. Bulletin of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Agricultural Experiment Station, 85, 1 - 118." type="journal article" year="1985">Bullington and Kosztarab, 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF65BB840E0D432DBEB9F8BF44CCF8F9" box="[151,695,1832,1855]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/214058/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[151,1435,215,1810]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0D432DBEB9F8BF44CCF8F9" blockId="10.[151,695,1832,1855]" box="[151,695,1832,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0D432DBEB9F8BF4769F8F9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1832,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0D432DBF37F8BD4453F8F9" authority="Planchon" authorityName="Planchon" box="[281,552,1832,1855]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="46" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0D432DBF37F8BD47BBF8F9" box="[281,448,1832,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="46">Kermes vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
Planchon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, adult female.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF65BB840E0C432CBEB9F8C8453AF828" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998425" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10998425" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998425/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" startId="11.[151,234,1887,1908]" targetBox="[231,1364,195,1861]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0C432CBEB9F8C8453AF828" blockId="11.[151,1436,1886,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0C432CBEB9F8C84778F8B3" bold="true" box="[151,259,1887,1908]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">PLATE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0C432CBF27F8F74462F8B3" authority="Planchon" authorityName="Planchon" box="[265,537,1886,1909]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0C432CBF27F8F747CAF8B2" box="[265,433,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Kermes vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
Planchon
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, macroscopic appearance and damage to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0C432CBD93F8C84247F8B2" box="[957,1084,1887,1909]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ilex">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0C432CBD93F8C84247F8B2" box="[957,1084,1887,1909]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Quercus ilex</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: a) adult post-reproductive female and nymphs (Bitonto (BA),
|
||
<date id="FFA4CDCC0E0C432CBF99F8EA4453F854" box="[439,552,1917,1939]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" value="2009-04">April 2009</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E0C432CBC1DF8EA441DF854" box="[563,614,1917,1939]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
); b) young reproductive females, third-instar female nymphs and crawlers (Bari,
|
||
<date id="FFA4CDCC0E0C432CBEB9F80C4685F876" box="[151,254,1947,1969]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" value="2008-07">July 2008</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E0C432CBF24F80C4746F876" box="[266,317,1947,1969]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
); c) fully-mature reproductive female with crawlers (Lecce,
|
||
<date id="FFA4CDCC0E0C432CBD81F80C426DF876" box="[943,1046,1947,1969]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" value="2012-07">July 2012</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E0C432CBA0DF80C422EF876" box="[1059,1109,1947,1969]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
); d) third-instar female nymphs (Lecce,
|
||
<date id="FFA4CDCC0E0C432CBEC6F82D4736F817" box="[232,333,1978,2000]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" value="2010-07">July 2010</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E0C432CBF79F82D47F1F817" box="[343,394,1978,2000]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
); e) male test under a leaf; (f) branch infested by tests (Bari,
|
||
<date id="FFA4CDCC0E0C432CBDC0F82C422CF817" box="[1006,1111,1979,2000]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" value="2010-05">May 2010</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E0C432CBA4CF82D42EFF817" box="[1122,1172,1978,2000]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
); and g) dieback due to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0C432CBBAAF82C4690F828" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0C432CBBAAF82C4690F828" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">K. vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
outbreak in an urban environment (Bari,
|
||
<date id="FFA4CDCC0E0C432CBCA1F84D4482F828" box="[655,761,2010,2031]" pageId="11" pageNumber="47" value="2010-05">May 2010</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30DAB9C0E0C432CBD2DF84E454EF828" box="[771,821,2009,2031]" name="Italy" pageId="11" pageNumber="47">Italy</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF65BB840E0B432BBEB9F8D544C4F837" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10998427" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10998427" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10998427/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" startId="12.[151,234,1858,1879]" targetBox="[242,1345,193,1804]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0B432BBEB9F8D544C4F837" blockId="12.[151,1436,1857,2032]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0B432BBEB9F8D5477FF890" bold="true" box="[151,260,1858,1879]" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">PLATE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0B432BBF25F8D4442CF890" authority="Planchon 1864" authorityName="Planchon" authorityYear="1864" box="[267,599,1857,1880]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0B432BBF25F8D447CFF890" box="[267,436,1857,1880]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="48">Kermes vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
Planchon 1864
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, microscopic details of adult female: a) large black arrow: marginal spines; small black arrow: dorsal spine; white arrow: tubular ducts b) foreground: adult female ventral dermal crenules background: tubular ducts; c) multilocular-disc pores; inset: one enlarged multilocular disc-pore; d) arrow: marginal band of tubular ducts in a postreproductive female; e) dorsal bilocular pore; arrows: imprint of coiled wax threads; f) multilocular-disc pore; g) orifice of tubular duct; arrow: imprint of coiled wax threads. Pictures a, b & c: phase-contrast of stained mounted specimens; d, e, f, g: SEM of uncoated specimen in charge-reduction mode.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300B8870E0A432ABEB9FF004231FF76" box="[151,1098,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0A432ABEB9FF004231FF76" blockId="13.[151,1098,151,177]" box="[151,1098,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0A432ABEB9FF004231FF76" bold="true" box="[151,1098,151,177]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1A908F0E0A432ABEDEFF0047CDFF76" ID-CoL="3R67Q" box="[240,438,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Kermesidae" genus="Kermes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vermilio">
|
||
<emphasis id="B96E371E0E0A432ABEDEFF0047CDFF76" bold="true" box="[240,438,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">Kermes vermilio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
instars (prepupa, pupa and adult male not included)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C300B8870E0A432ABEB9FF4943E0FE20" pageId="13" pageNumber="49" type="key">
|
||
<keyStep id="30EEF3A90E0A432ABEB9FF4943E7FED7" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0A432ABEB9FF4943E7FF34" blockId="13.[151,1436,222,487]" box="[151,1436,222,243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EB48390E0A432ABEB9FF4943E7FF34" box="[151,1436,222,243]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">1 Legs present, fully developed............................................................................ 2</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0A432ABEB9FF6C43E7FED7" blockId="13.[151,1436,222,487]" box="[151,1436,251,272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EB48390E0A432ABEB9FF6C43E7FED7" box="[151,1436,251,272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">- Legs, if any, small, with indistinct segmentation............................................................. 3</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EEF3A90E0A432ABEB9FE8C43E7FE97" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0A432ABEB9FE8C43E7FEF7" blockId="13.[151,1436,222,487]" box="[151,1436,281,304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EB48390E0A432ABEB9FE8C43E7FEF7" box="[151,1436,281,304]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">2 Antennae 6-segmented; without tubular ducts......................................................... 1st instar</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0A432ABEB9FEAC43E7FE97" blockId="13.[151,1436,222,487]" box="[151,1436,313,336]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EB48390E0A432ABEB9FEAC43E7FE97" box="[151,1436,313,336]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">- Antennae 7-segmented; tubular ducts abundant on dorsum and venter................................. 2nd instar male</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EEF3A90E0A432ABEB9FECC43E7FE4A" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0A432ABEB9FECC43E7FEB7" blockId="13.[151,1436,222,487]" box="[151,1436,344,368]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EB48390E0A432ABEB9FECC43E7FEB7" box="[151,1436,344,368]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">3 Antennae 5-segmented; with 34-37 marginal setae on each side..................................... 2nd instar female</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0A432ABEB9FEEF43E7FE4A" blockId="13.[151,1436,222,487]" box="[151,1436,376,397]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EB48390E0A432ABEB9FEEF43E7FE4A" box="[151,1436,376,397]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">- Antennae very short, unsegmented or with obscure segmentation; with more than 70 marginal setae on each side.......... 4</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
<keyStep id="30EEF3A90E0A432ABEB9FE0F43E0FE20" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0A432ABEB9FE0F43E7FE6A" blockId="13.[151,1436,222,487]" box="[151,1436,405,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EB48390E0A432ABEB9FE0F43E7FE6A" box="[151,1436,405,429]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">4 Multilocular disc-pores absent............................................................... 3rd instar female</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA5EB0C0E0A432ABEB9FE2243E0FE20" blockId="13.[151,1436,222,487]" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<keyLead id="30EB48390E0A432ABEB9FE2243E0FE20" pageId="13" pageNumber="49">- Multilocular disc-pores distributed in wide bands ventrally on abdomen and in groups near each antenna and spiracle.................................................................................................. adult female</keyLead>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</keyStep>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |