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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d3b857f7-25c1-4b21-9d39-4510ab675fca" ID-PMC="PMC7655787" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-983-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" ID-PubMed="33244289" ID-ZooBank="7DED4CE2934C4539945F758930C927F9" ModsDocID="1313-2970-983-1" checkinTime="1604475085656" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M., Beaver, Roger A. &amp; Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2020" docId="67680651ECEEFA4E8DB7DDAF6930A498" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 983: 1-442" docOrigin="ZooKeys 983" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630" docTitle="Anisandrus dispar" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="C890C7FD4B2D57A8B1A062305ED42D53" masterDocTitle="A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China" masterLastPageNumber="442" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169715782" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A monograph of the Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) of the Indochinese Peninsula (except Malaysia) and China</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5173-3736</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">camptocerus@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Beaver, Roger A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>161 / 2 Mu 5, Soi Wat Pranon, T. Donkaew, A. Maerim, Chiangmai 50180, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 288 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>983</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>442</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.983.52630</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-983-1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168754673" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:67680651ECEEFA4E8DB7DDAF6930A498" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/67680651ECEEFA4E8DB7DDAF6930A498" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authority="(Fabricius, 1792)" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus dispar" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">Anisandrus dispar (Fabricius, 1792)</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="F20" captionText="Figure 20. Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of Anisandrus dispar, 3.1 - 3.5 mm (A, B, I), A. eggersi, 3.1 - 3.2 mm (C, D, J), A. feronia holotype, 2.9 mm (E, F, K), and A. geminatus, 2.9 - 3.2 mm (G, H, L)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470820" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 20A, B, I</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Apate" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apate dispar" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">Apate dispar</taxonomicName>
Fabricius, 1792: 363.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus dispar" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">Anisandrus dispar</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius):
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrari, JA" journalOrPublisher="Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B160" refString="Ferrari, JA, 1867. Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschaedlichen Borkenkaefer (Tomicides Lac.) aus der Familie der Holzverderber (Scolytides Lac.), mit Besonderer Beruecksichtigung Vorzueglich der Europaeischen Formen, und der Sammlung des k. k. Zoologischen Kabinets in Wien. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien" title="Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschaedlichen Borkenkaefer (Tomicides Lac.) aus der Familie der Holzverderber (Scolytides Lac.), mit Besonderer Beruecksichtigung Vorzueglich der Europaeischen Formen, und der Sammlung des k. k. Zoologischen Kabinets in Wien." year="1867">Ferrari 1867</bibRefCitation>
: 24.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus dispar" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">Xyleborus dispar</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9697-0_1" author="Hagedorn, M" journalOrPublisher="Junk, Den Haag" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B183" refString="Hagedorn, M, 1910b. Ipidae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus Auspiciis et Auxilio. Pars 4. W. Junk, Den Haag, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9697-0_1" title="Ipidae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus Auspiciis et Auxilio. Pars 4. W." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9697-0_1" year="1910 b">Hagedorn 1910b</bibRefCitation>
: 98.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus dispar" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">Anisandrus dispar</taxonomicName>
(Fabricius):
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00386.x" author="Hulcr, J" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Entomology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="568 - 584" refId="B208" refString="Hulcr, J, Dole, SA, Beaver, RA, Cognato, AI, 2007. Cladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Systematic Entomology 32: 568 - 584, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00386.x" title="Cladistic review of generic taxonomic characters in Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2007.00386.x" volume="32" year="2007">Hulcr et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
: 578.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bostrichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bostrichus thoracicus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thoracicus">Bostrichus thoracicus</taxonomicName>
Panzer, 1793: 34. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9697-0_1" author="Hagedorn, M" journalOrPublisher="Junk, Den Haag" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B183" refString="Hagedorn, M, 1910b. Ipidae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus Auspiciis et Auxilio. Pars 4. W. Junk, Den Haag, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9697-0_1" title="Ipidae. In: Schenkling S (Ed.) Coleopterorum Catalogus Auspiciis et Auxilio. Pars 4. W." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-9697-0_1" year="1910 b">Hagedorn 1910b</bibRefCitation>
: 102.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Peck" authorityYear="1817" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus pyri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pyri">Scolytus pyri</taxonomicName>
Peck, 1817: 207. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Hubbard, HG" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, new series" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="9 - 30" refId="B198" refString="Hubbard, HG, 1897. The ambrosia beetles of the United States. Bulletin of the United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, new series 7: 9 - 30" title="The ambrosia beetles of the United States." volume="7" year="1897">Hubbard 1897</bibRefCitation>
: 22;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.27867" author="Swaine, JM" journalOrPublisher="Dominion of Canada Department of Agriculture, Entomological Branch, Technical Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 143" refId="B459" refString="Swaine, JM, 1918. Canadian bark beetles. Part II. A preliminary classification, with an account of the habits and means of control. Dominion of Canada Department of Agriculture, Entomological Branch, Technical Bulletin 14: 1 - 143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.27867" title="Canadian bark beetles. Part II. A preliminary classification, with an account of the habits and means of control." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.27867" volume="14" year="1918">Swaine 1918</bibRefCitation>
: 124.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Sahlberg" authorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bostrichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bostrichus tachygraphus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tachygraphus">Bostrichus tachygraphus</taxonomicName>
Sahlberg, 1836: 152. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Eichhoff, WJ" journalOrPublisher="Stettiner Entomogische Zeitung" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="378 - 379" refId="B145" refString="Eichhoff, WJ, 1876b. Synonymisches ueber Tomiciden. Stettiner Entomogische Zeitung 37: 378 - 379" title="Synonymisches ueber Tomiciden." volume="37" year="1876 b">Eichhoff 1876b</bibRefCitation>
: 378.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kolenati" authorityYear="1846" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Bostrichus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bostrichus ratzeburgi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ratzeburgi">Bostrichus ratzeburgi</taxonomicName>
Kolenati, 1846: 39. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Ferrari, JA" journalOrPublisher="Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B160" refString="Ferrari, JA, 1867. Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschaedlichen Borkenkaefer (Tomicides Lac.) aus der Familie der Holzverderber (Scolytides Lac.), mit Besonderer Beruecksichtigung Vorzueglich der Europaeischen Formen, und der Sammlung des k. k. Zoologischen Kabinets in Wien. Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien" title="Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschaedlichen Borkenkaefer (Tomicides Lac.) aus der Familie der Holzverderber (Scolytides Lac.), mit Besonderer Beruecksichtigung Vorzueglich der Europaeischen Formen, und der Sammlung des k. k. Zoologischen Kabinets in Wien." year="1867">Ferrari 1867</bibRefCitation>
: 27.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Niisima" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus ishidai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">Xyleborus ishidai</taxonomicName>
Niisima, 1909: 156. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.3.5" author="Smith, SM" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="391 - 403" refId="B442" refString="Smith, SM, Beaver, RA, Cognato, AI, 2018b. New synonymy, new combinations and taxonomic changes in Japanese xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa 4521: 391 - 403, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.3.5" title="New synonymy, new combinations and taxonomic changes in Japanese xyleborine ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.3.5" volume="4521" year="2018 b">Smith et al. 2018b</bibRefCitation>
: 393.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Reitter" authorityYear="1913" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus aequalis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aequalis">Anisandrus aequalis</taxonomicName>
Reitter, 1913: 81. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Knizek, M" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="7), Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="204 - 251" refId="B235" refString="Knizek, M, 2011. Scolytinae. In: Loebl, I, Smetana, A, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol. 7), Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 204 - 251" title="Scolytinae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol." year="2011">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Knížek">Knizek</normalizedToken>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 242.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Drake" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus swainei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swainei">Anisandrus swainei</taxonomicName>
Drake, 1921: 203. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent89396-9" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="396 - 403" refId="B473" refString="Wood, SL, 1957. Distributional notes on and synonymies of some North American Scolytidae (Coleoptera). The Canadian Entomologist 89: 396 - 403, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent89396-9" title="Distributional notes on and synonymies of some North American Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." url="https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent89396-9" volume="89" year="1957">Wood 1957</bibRefCitation>
: 403.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus dispar subsp. rugulosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dispar" subSpecies="rugulosus">Xyleborus dispar rugulosus</taxonomicName>
Eggers, 1922: 17. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="303 - 317" refId="B404" refString="Schedl, KE, 1964d. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkaefer XV. 228. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Reichenbachia 3: 303 - 317" title="Zur Synonymie der Borkenkaefer XV. 228. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea." volume="3" year="1964 d">Schedl 1964d</bibRefCitation>
: 314.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eggers" authorityYear="1937" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus cerasi" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cerasi">Xyleborus cerasi</taxonomicName>
Eggers, 1937: 335. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" journalOrPublisher="Reichenbachia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="303 - 317" refId="B403" refString="Schedl, KE, 1964c. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkaefer XIV. 223. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. Reichenbachia 2: 303 - 317" title="Zur Synonymie der Borkenkaefer XIV. 223. Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea." volume="2" year="1964 c">Schedl 1964c</bibRefCitation>
: 220.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Murayama" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus khinganensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khinganensis">Xyleborus khinganensis</taxonomicName>
Murayama, 1943: 100. Synonymy:
<bibRefCitation author="Knizek, M" editor="Loebl, I" journalOrPublisher="7), Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="204 - 251" refId="B235" refString="Knizek, M, 2011. Scolytinae. In: Loebl, I, Smetana, A, Eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol. 7), Curculionoidea I. Apollo Books, Stenstrup: 204 - 251" title="Scolytinae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera (Vol." year="2011">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Knížek">Knizek</normalizedToken>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
: 242.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Drake" authorityYear="1921" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus swainei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="swainei">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus swainei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMNH).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lectotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus dispar subsp. rugulosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dispar" subSpecies="rugulosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus dispar rugulosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMNH).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lectotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Niisima" authorityYear="1909" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus ishidai" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ishidai">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus ishidai</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NIAES).
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Murayama" authorityYear="1943" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xyleborus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xyleborus khinganensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="khinganensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xyleborus khinganensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(NMNH).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
3.1-3.5 mm long (mean = 3.4 mm; n = 5); 2.27-2.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
as long as wide. This species is distinguished by the mesonotal mycangial tuft sparse, the length of the scutellum; declivital interstriae uniseriate granulate; discal interstriae with two or three confused rows of punctures; declivital interstriae 1 slightly raised, interstriae 2 and 3 even; declivital face smooth, shiny; and declivital interstrial setae erect, 1.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
the width of an interstria.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="similar species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Similar species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Kurentzov" baseAuthorityYear="1941" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus maiche" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maiche">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus maiche</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. paragogus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="paragogus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. paragogus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blandford" baseAuthorityYear="1894" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylosandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylosandrus germanus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="germanus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xylosandrus germanus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Europe and North Africa, through Russia and Central Asia to China (Heilongjiang, Shaanxi), North Korea, and Japan. Introduced to Canada and USA (
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="67 - 74" refId="B481" refString="Wood, SL, 1977. Introduced and exported American Scolytidae (Coleoptera). The Great Basin Naturalist 37: 67 - 74" title="Introduced and exported American Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." volume="37" year="1977">Wood 1977</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" author="Gomez, DF" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="19 - 68" refId="B175" refString="Gomez, DF, Rabaglia, RJ, Fairbanks, KEO, Hulcr, J, 2018a. North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae). ZooKeys 768: 19 - 68, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" title="North American Xyleborini north of Mexico: a review and key to genera and species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.768.24697" volume="768" year="2018 a">Gomez et al. 2018a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="host">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Host plants.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Polyphagous attacking both angiosperms and conifers (
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1553" refId="B490" refString="Wood, SL, Bright, DE, 1992. A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. The Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 13: 1 - 1553" title="A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index." volume="13" year="1992">Wood and Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1" author="Beaver, RA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 82" refId="B26" refString="Beaver, RA, Sittichaya, W, Liu, L-Y, 2014. A synopsis of the scolytine ambrosia beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae). Zootaxa 3875: 1 - 82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1" title="A synopsis of the scolytine ambrosia beetles of Thailand (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3875.1.1" volume="3875" year="2014">Beaver et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The biology of the species is described by
<bibRefCitation author="Palm, T" journalOrPublisher="Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 374" refId="B303" refString="Palm, T, 1959. Die Holz- und Rinden-Käfer der süd- und mittelschwedischen Laubbäume. Opuscula Entomologica, Supplementum 16: 1 - 374" title="Die Holz- und Rinden-Ka ̈ fer der su ̈ d- und mittelschwedischen Laubba ̈ ume." volume="16" year="1959">Palm (1959)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Chararas, C" journalOrPublisher="Lechevalier, Paris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B92" refString="Chararas, C, 1962. Etude Biologique des Scolytides des Coniferes. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Ser. A, 38. Lechevalier, Paris" title="Etude Biologique des Scolytides des Coniferes. Encyclopedie Entomologique, Ser. A, 38." year="1962">Chararas (1962)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01991812" author="Egger, A" journalOrPublisher="Anzeiger fuer Schaedlingskunde Pflanzen- und Umweltschutz" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="183 - 186" refId="B112" refString="Egger, A, 1973. Beitraege zur Biologie und Bekaempfung von Xyleborus (Anisandrus) dispar F. und X. saxeseni Ratz (Col, Scolytidae). Anzeiger fuer Schaedlingskunde Pflanzen- und Umweltschutz 46: 183 - 186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01991812" title="Beitraege zur Biologie und Bekaempfung von Xyleborus (Anisandrus) dispar F. und X. saxeseni Ratz (Col, Scolytidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01991812" volume="46" year="1973">Egger (1973)</bibRefCitation>
, and
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1975.tb04178.x" author="French, JR" journalOrPublisher="Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Entomologie" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="241 - 247" refId="B167" refString="French, JR, Roeper, RA, 1975. Studies on the biology of the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus dispar (F) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Zeitschrift fuer Angewandte Entomologie 78: 241 - 247, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1975.tb04178.x" title="Studies on the biology of the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus dispar (F) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0418.1975.tb04178.x" volume="78" year="1975">French and Roeper (1975)</bibRefCitation>
.
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.845.84" author="Speranza, S" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="539 - 542" refId="B447" refString="Speranza, S, Bucini, D, Paparatti, B, 2009. New observation on biology of European shot-hole borer [Xyleborus dispar (F.)] on hazel in northern Latium (Central Italy). Acta Horticulturae 845: 539 - 542, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.845.84" title="New observation on biology of European shot-hole borer [Xyleborus dispar (F.)] on hazel in northern Latium (Central Italy)." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.845.84" volume="845" year="2009">Speranza et al. (2009)</bibRefCitation>
examine the effects of temperature and rainfall on flight activity. Like many xyleborines, the species is attracted to ethanol (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.4185" author="Saruhan, H" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Biotechnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="4202 - 4207" refId="B347" refString="Saruhan, H, Akyol, I, 2012. Monitoring population density and fluctuations of Anisandrus dispar and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Curculionidae) in hazelnut orchards. African Journal of Biotechnology 11: 4202 - 4207, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.4185" title="Monitoring population density and fluctuations of Anisandrus dispar and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Curculionidae) in hazelnut orchards." url="https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.4185" volume="11" year="2012">Saruhan and Akyol 2012</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-014-0443-z" author="Galko, J" journalOrPublisher="Biologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1376 - 1383" refId="B168" refString="Galko, J, Nikolov, C, Kimoto, T, Kunca, A, Gubka, A, Vakula, J, Zubrik, M, Ostribon, M, 2014. Attraction of ambrosia beetles to ethanol baited traps in a Slovakian oak forest. Biologia 69: 1376 - 1383, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-014-0443-z" title="Attraction of ambrosia beetles to ethanol baited traps in a Slovakian oak forest." url="https://doi.org/10.2478/s11756-014-0443-z" volume="69" year="2014">Galko et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
). It is an important pest of hazel (
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Betulaceae" genus="Corylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Corylus avellana" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="avellana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Corylus avellana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) (
<taxonomicName authorityName="C.Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" family="Betulaceae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="family">Betulaceae</taxonomicName>
) in the Mediterranean area (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.686.60" author="Bucini, D" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="435 - 444" refId="B88" refString="Bucini, D, Balestra, GM, Pucci, C, Paparatti, B, 2005. Bio-ethology of Anisandrus dispar F. and its possible involvement in dieback (Moria) diseases of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) plants in central Italy. Acta Horticulturae 686: 435 - 444, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.686.60" title="Bio-ethology of Anisandrus dispar F. and its possible involvement in dieback (Moria) diseases of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) plants in central Italy." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2005.686.60" volume="686" year="2005">Bucini et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.4185" author="Saruhan, H" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Biotechnology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="4202 - 4207" refId="B347" refString="Saruhan, H, Akyol, I, 2012. Monitoring population density and fluctuations of Anisandrus dispar and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Curculionidae) in hazelnut orchards. African Journal of Biotechnology 11: 4202 - 4207, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.4185" title="Monitoring population density and fluctuations of Anisandrus dispar and Xyleborinus saxesenii (Coleoptera: Scolytinae, Curculionidae) in hazelnut orchards." url="https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB11.4185" volume="11" year="2012">Saruhan and Akyol 2012</bibRefCitation>
), and an occasional pest of fruit trees in the USA (
<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 1359" refId="B483" refString="Wood, SL, 1982. The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs 8: 1 - 1359" title="The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph." volume="8" year="1982">Wood 1982</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.983.52630.figure20" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/470820" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 20" startId="F20">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 20.</emphasis>
Dorsal, lateral and declivital view of
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1792" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Anisandrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anisandrus dispar" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispar">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anisandrus dispar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 3.1-3.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B, I</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. eggersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eggersi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. eggersi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 3.1-3.2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, D, J</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. feronia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="feronia">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. feronia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype, 2.9 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F, K</emphasis>
), and
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. geminatus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="geminatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. geminatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 2.9-3.2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G, H, L</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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