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<document id="0362EABE7AD6709AE16690B8DE903D9B" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.187324" ID-GBIF-Dataset="762bdf19-a094-4846-9816-65ca07d74b59" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="187324" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461067150381" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Tilbury, Colin R. &amp; Tolley, Krystal A." docDate="2009" docId="03E487A63E21421B3385FC05FE334D36" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02079p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2079" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chamaeleo Laurenti 1768" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="FFDDFFDE3E2742133312FFC2FF854A37" masterDocTitle="A re-appraisal of the systematics of the African genus Chamaeleo (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="57" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1698583656465" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="CBDC935C1DB2487DB66F59C545F1A641">A re-appraisal of the systematics of the African genus Chamaeleo (Reptilia: Chamaeleonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8BF64CFF8A393F35DE2D58AA01047D8D">Tilbury, Colin R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5519DCF9A825058615ED010CBCE5C269">Tolley, Krystal A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="604DC95ED880F7221087C59AF3B1098A">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03E487A63E21421B3385FC05FE334D36" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5629132" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119615074" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5629132" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03E487A63E21421B3385FC05FE334D36" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E487A63E21421B3385FC05FE334D36" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<subSubSection id="C357653B3E2142153385FC05FDA849D6" box="[151,557,967,993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2142153385FC05FDA849D6" blockId="6.[151,557,967,993]" box="[151,557,967,993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<heading id="D0BA81DC3E2142153385FC05FDA849D6" bold="true" box="[151,557,967,993]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2142153385FC05FDA849D6" bold="true" box="[151,557,967,993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421533FCFC05FDA849D6" authority="Laurenti 1768" authorityName="Laurenti" authorityYear="1768" box="[238,557,967,993]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E21421533FCFC05FEF249D6" bold="true" box="[238,375,967,993]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Chamaeleo</emphasis>
Laurenti 1768
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357653B3E2142153385FBD2FC0E4E90" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2142153385FBD2FD604E10" blockId="6.[151,1083,1040,1191]" box="[151,741,1040,1063]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<typeStatus id="54F688123E2142153385FBD2FF494E10" box="[151,204,1040,1063]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E214215323FFBD2FD604E10" authority="Linnaeus 1758" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[301,741,1040,1063]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chamaeleon">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E214215323FFBD2FDAB4E10" box="[301,558,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Chamaeleo chamaeleon</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2142153385FBF2FEE34E70" blockId="6.[151,1083,1040,1191]" box="[151,358,1072,1095]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Generic synonyms:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2142153385FB92FC0E4E90" blockId="6.[151,1083,1040,1191]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153385FB92FE084E50" authority="Gray 1864" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,397,1104,1127]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Phumanola" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2142153385FB92FE974E50" box="[151,274,1104,1127]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Phumanola</emphasis>
Gray 1864
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54F688123E2142153285FB92FE494E50" box="[407,460,1104,1127]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153134FB92FC364E50" authority="Smith 1831" authorityName="Smith" authorityYear="1831" box="[550,947,1104,1127]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquensis">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2142153134FB92FCB44E50" box="[550,817,1104,1127]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Chamaeleo namaquensis</emphasis>
Smith 1831
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153385FBB2FE264EB0" authority="Gray 1864" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1864" box="[151,419,1136,1159]" genus="Calyptosaura" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2142153385FBB2FEAD4EB0" box="[151,296,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Calyptosaura</emphasis>
Gray 1864
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54F688123E21421532BFFBB2FE674EB0" box="[429,482,1136,1159]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E214215312EFBB2FED64E90" authority="Dumeril &amp; Bibron 1851 Erizia Gray 1864" authorityName="Dumeril &amp; Bibron 1851 Erizia Gray" authorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calyptratus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E214215312EFBB2FCB14EB0" box="[572,820,1136,1159]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Chamaeleo calyptratus</emphasis>
Dumeril &amp; Bibron 1851
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2142153385FB52FF5D4E90" box="[151,216,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Erizia</emphasis>
Gray 1864
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="54F688123E214215324FFB52FE174E90" box="[349,402,1168,1191]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Type</typeStatus>
species
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421532FEFB52FC024E90" authority="Daudin 1802" authorityName="Daudin" authorityYear="1802" box="[492,903,1168,1191]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E21421532FEFB52FD764E90" box="[492,755,1168,1191]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Chamaeleo senegalensis</emphasis>
Daudin 1802
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C357653B3E21421B3385FB14FE334D36" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2142153385FB14FC4D4F20" blockId="6.[151,1438,1238,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2142153385FB14FEE04EC7" bold="true" box="[151,357,1238,1264]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Species content:</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E214215327CFB15FC444F21" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E214215327CFB15FE664EC7" box="[366,483,1239,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">africanus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421532FDFB15FDE24EC7" box="[495,615,1239,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">anchietae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153166FB15FD654EC7" box="[628,736,1239,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">arabicus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421531FFFB15FC114EC7" box="[749,916,1239,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calcaricarens">calcaricarens</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421530B3FB15FBAE4EC7" box="[929,1067,1239,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calyptratus">calyptratus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E214215372AFB15FB494EC7" box="[1080,1228,1239,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chamaeleon">chamaeleon</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421537CAFB15FAAE4EC7" box="[1240,1323,1239,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dilepis">dilepis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E214215362BFB15FA1D4EC7" box="[1337,1432,1239,1264]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">gracilis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153385FB3FFE974F21" box="[151,274,1277,1302]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevigatus">laevigatus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E214215320CFB3FFE1D4F21" box="[286,408,1277,1302]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">monachus</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421532B1FB3FFDBA4F21" box="[419,575,1277,1302]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquensis">namaquensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153159FB3FFD1C4F21" box="[587,665,1277,1302]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="necasi">necasi</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421531B7FB3FFCB94F21" box="[677,828,1277,1302]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="senegalensis">senegalensis</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153055FB3FFC444F21" box="[839,961,1277,1302]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeylanicus">zeylanicus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E21421533D4FAE6FC984FC8" blockId="6.[151,1438,1238,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
This genus has a wide ranging pan African distribution extending into Europe, the Middle East, Arabia and the Indian sub-continent (
<figureCitation id="13762A353E21421532EBFA88FDC54F53" box="[505,576,1354,1380]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,262,1310,1334]" captionTargetBox="[152,1416,191,1310]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,177,1310]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map showing the recorded distributions of the combined species within the genus Chamaeleo demonstrating its pan-African, European, Arabian and Asian spread." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187326/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E21421532EBFA88FDC54F53" bold="true" box="[505,576,1354,1380]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Fig. 2</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
). One species is confined to the island of
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E2142153720FA88FB0A4F53" box="[1074,1167,1354,1380]" name="Yemen" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Socotra</collectingCountry>
. The distribution areas of the mainland species tend to be large and continuous except for
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421530C7FAB3FB054FBD" box="[981,1152,1393,1418]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="anchietae">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E21421530C7FAB3FB054FBD" box="[981,1152,1393,1418]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E21421530C7FAB3FC794FBD" box="[981,1020,1393,1418]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. anchietae
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which appears to have population pockets restricted to highland plateaux. Although some species may penetrate into lowland forest, or high altitude grasslands, the species of the genus generally occupy moist and dry woodland savannahs, thorn scrub, semi desert and in one species, true desert.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E21421533D4F9CEFEA14DC2" blockId="6.[151,1438,1238,2037]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
Apart from occipital lobes in some species and prominent parietal crests in others, they have little other head ornamentation. None of them possess horns or any form of rostro-nasal or pre-orbital projections. A gular-ventral crest of single cones is found in all species being more or less developed in the various forms from very prominent in
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421532AAF942FDF54CAE" box="[440,624,1664,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calyptratus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E21421532AAF942FDF54CAE" box="[440,624,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E21421532AAF942FE5B4CAE" box="[440,478,1664,1689]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. calyptratus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to almost indiscernible in
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421530A3F942FBFA4CAE" box="[945,1151,1664,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquensis">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E21421530A3F942FBFA4CAE" box="[945,1151,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E21421530A3F942FC524CAE" box="[945,983,1664,1689]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. namaquensis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. None of the species of this genus demonstrate a temporal crest. The casque is edged in a lateral parietal crest originating as a posterior continuation of the supra-orbital ridge which delineates the posterior ramus of the squamosal bone. The temporal zone is undivided. The background scalation of the flanks is generally composed of relatively homogeneous to finely heterogeneous closely packed granular tubercles. The tail of all species within this group is smooth. The plantar surfaces are smooth and claws simple. This is the only genus where the presence of tarsal spurs is seen in several of the species (
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E21421531D6F8AAFC234D9F" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421531D6F8AAFCDB4DB6" box="[708,862,1896,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E21421531D6F8AAFD6C4DB6" box="[708,745,1896,1921]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. arabicus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153078F8AAFB904DB6" box="[874,1045,1896,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="monachus">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E2142153078F8AAFC154DB6" box="[874,912,1896,1921]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. monachus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153733F8AAFB664DB6" box="[1057,1251,1896,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chamaeleon">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E2142153733F8AAFBC24DB6" box="[1057,1095,1896,1921]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. chamaeleon
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421537FDF8AAFAEB4DB6" box="[1263,1390,1896,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="necasi">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E21421537FDF8AAFA904DB6" box="[1263,1301,1896,1921]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. necasi
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E214215366BF8AAFE914D9F" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="zeylanicus">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E214215366BF8AAFA1E4DB6" box="[1401,1435,1896,1921]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
zeylanicus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E214215320DF84DFE244D9F" box="[287,417,1935,1960]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dilepis">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E214215320DF84DFEC04D9F" box="[287,325,1935,1960]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. dilepis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E21421532BEF84DFDBC4D9F" box="[428,569,1935,1960]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gracilis">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E21421532BEF84DFE574D9F" box="[428,466,1935,1960]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. gracilis
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153156F84DFD794D9F" box="[580,764,1935,1960]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="calyptratus">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E2142153156F84DFDEF4D9F" box="[580,618,1935,1960]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. calyptratus
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153015F84DFC234D9F" box="[775,934,1935,1960]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanus">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E2142153015F84DFCA84D9F" box="[775,813,1935,1960]" name="Switzerland" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">Ch</collectingCountry>
. africanus
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
). These tend to be best developed in males and usually absent or much reduced in females. Tarsal spurs may be a synapomorphy for the genus
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2142153385F81EFEA14DC2" box="[151,292,2012,2037]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="63">
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2142153385F81EFEA54DC2" box="[151,288,2012,2037]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Chamaeleo</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3266383E2042143385F9A7FABF4CF5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187325/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" targetBox="[189,1396,194,1590]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2042143385F9A7FABF4CF5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1637,1730]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2042143385F9A7FE974C4A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1637,1661]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
. Bayesian consensus phylogram for the
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E20421431ADF9A4FCF44C4A" box="[703,881,1638,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Chamaeleonidae</taxonomicName>
(not including genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E204214374AF9A4FB454C4A" box="[1112,1216,1638,1661]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Calumma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E204214374AF9A4FB454C4A" box="[1112,1216,1638,1661]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Calumma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Bayesian posterior probabilities are given above each node, while parsimony bootstrap values are given below each node. Although some interior nodes (within genera) were supported, only some representative values within the
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2042143748F969FB3A4CF5" box="[1114,1215,1707,1730]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Trioceros" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="64" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2042143748F969FB3A4CF5" box="[1114,1215,1707,1730]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">Trioceros</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are shown.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2042143385F933FC3F4DC4" blockId="7.[151,1436,1777,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="64">
The basic internal lung morphology consists of two large septae arising from the region of the hilum of the lung which end freely within the lung, dividing it into three chambers viz a small dorsal, a large middle and a small ventral chamber. All species possess a gular pouch and in the lung - a membrano-fibrous diaphragm that partially separates off a small dorso-cranial compartment. Many species also have several small partial septae that arise from the dorsal wall of the lung near the cranial end. The lungs are invariably adorned with varying numbers of diverticulae that trail from the inferior and posterior margins of the lung. The diverticulae vary in length and number and may be branched (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2042143191F81BFC9C4DC4" author="Klaver" box="[643,793,2009,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. (1973) Lung anatomy: aid in chameleon taxonomy. Beaufortia, 20 (269), 155 - 177." type="journal article" year="1973">Klaver 1973</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2042143037F81BFCE74DC4" author="Klaver" box="[805,866,2009,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. (1977) Comparative lung morphology in the genus Chamaeleo Laurenti, 1768 (Sauria: Chamaeleonidae) with a discussion of taxonomic and zoogeographic mplications. Beaufortia 25 (327), 167 - 199." type="journal article" year="1977">1977</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E204214307CF81BFC284DC4" author="Klaver" box="[878,941,2009,2035]" pageId="7" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. (1981) Lung morphology in the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) and its bearing on phylogeny, systematics and zoogeography. Zeitschriftfuer zoologishe Systematik Evolutionsforsch, 19, 36 - 58." type="journal article" year="1981">1981</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3266383E2F421B3385FADCFCF64F6F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/187326/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" targetBox="[152,1416,191,1310]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2F421B3385FADCFCF64F6F" blockId="8.[151,1437,1310,1368]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2F421B3385FADCFE984F01" bold="true" box="[151,285,1310,1334]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
. Map showing the recorded distributions of the combined species within the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2F421B3605FADDFA184F01" box="[1303,1437,1311,1334]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2F421B3605FADDFA184F01" box="[1303,1437,1311,1334]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Chamaeleo</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
demonstrating its pan-African, European, Arabian and Asian spread.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2F421B33D4FA49FD284FC5" blockId="8.[151,1436,1419,1793]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
Hemipenes are calyculate, with a multi rotulae arrangement of between three to five pairs of denticulated rotulae except for
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2F421B327EFA70FD864FFC" box="[364,515,1458,1483]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arabicus">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2F421B327EFA70FD864FFC" box="[364,515,1458,1483]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E2F421B327EFA70FE174FFC" box="[364,402,1458,1483]" name="Switzerland" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ch</collectingCountry>
. arabicus
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C4D4D333E2F421B3129FA70FC814FFC" box="[571,772,1458,1483]" class="Reptilia" family="Chamaeleonidae" genus="Chamaeleo" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="namaquensis">
<emphasis id="B939EAA23E2F421B3129FA70FC814FFC" box="[571,772,1458,1483]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
<collectingCountry id="F35A76203E2F421B3129FA70FDE44FFC" box="[571,609,1458,1483]" name="Switzerland" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">Ch</collectingCountry>
. namaquensis
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
which have retained the plesiomorphic four rotulae (two pairs) configuration (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2F421B329CFA1AFD254FC5" author="Klaver" box="[398,672,1496,1522]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. &amp; Bohme, W. (1986) Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1986">Klaver &amp; Böhme 1986</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2F421B33D7FA3DFD604CBA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1419,1793]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">The genus is oviparous with a cyclic reproductive strategy – usually a single brood but up to three clutches of eggs per year in some species in ideal conditions. These species tend to have relative longevity. Females are usually sexually mature within one year and over the next few years will produce at least one clutch of eggs annually. The parietal peritoneum is unpigmented.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF236B03E2F421B33D7F958FE334D36" blockId="8.[151,1436,1419,1793]" pageId="8" pageNumber="65">
The documented karyotype of the several species so far examined (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2F421B30F4F958FB154C83" author="Matthey" box="[998,1168,1690,1716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Matthey, R. (1931) Chromosomes de reptiles saurians, ophidians, chelonians. L'evolution de la formule chromosomiale chez les saurians. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 38 (9), 146 - 147." type="journal article" year="1931">Matthey 1931</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2F421B378FF958FB5E4C83" author="Matthey" box="[1181,1243,1690,1716]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Matthey, R. (1957) Cytologie comparee et taxonomie des Chamaeleontidae (Reptilia - Lacertilia). Revue Suisse de Zoologie 64, 709 - 732." type="journal article" year="1957">1957</bibRefCitation>
, Matthey &amp; van
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2F421B3385F902FEA74CED" author="Brink" box="[151,290,1728,1754]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Matthey, R. &amp; van Brink, J. M. (1956) Note preliminaire sur la cytologie chromosomique comparee des cameleons. Revue Suisse de Zoologie 63, 241 - 246." type="journal article" year="1956">Brink 1956</bibRefCitation>
) is 2n=24=12M+
<quantity id="4CB59B553E2F421B32EAF902FDAB4CED" box="[504,558,1728,1754]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="65" unit="m" value="12.0">12m</quantity>
and appears to be restricted to this genus as a synapomorphic character (
<bibRefCitation id="EFDC4B413E2F421B338DF925FE2B4D36" author="Klaver" box="[159,430,1767,1793]" pageId="8" pageNumber="68" refString="Klaver, C. J. J. &amp; Bohme, W. (1986) Phylogeny and classification of the Chamaeleonidae (Sauria) with special reference to hemipenis morphology. Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 22, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1986">Klaver &amp; Böhme 1986</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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