170 lines
18 KiB
XML
170 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="B114D9F205AE03383CE69EEF95268130" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5533.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023339" ID-ZooBank="F48DF7EE-7DED-49D3-96A5-620881E3AB36" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1730454453128" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Buhroo, Abdul Ahad" docDate="2024" docId="03DE8F5DFFBF2D042DE9FDB990614C94" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5533.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5533 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5533.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.19:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="19" docTitle="Polygraphus difficilis Wood 1988" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="FFE7F725FF912D2A2D7EFFFF92344B25" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Western Himalaya" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1730455317287" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="3A61045AF193B6AE451282F1E5CCC179">
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<mods:title id="9681AF34434D9E136E0C9CF6B221C42E">A taxonomic monograph of subfamily Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in the Western Himalaya</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="29800C6E46BA970A251C0691A6DAD9F3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="96384F556232B7DFA9D9EE5EED4AEBEA">Buhroo, Abdul Ahad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E3B97408E6A5C420D8194C23425436A1" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9576-1165</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="485EC84FE0F98013D5808F5618708567">Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar- 190006 India abuhroo @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9576 - 1165</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="08617BC59B9E2E07C30039C6D45EEEC1" type="email">abuhroo@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A82F8FD645D47822017EE12663BE550C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="5EDB985CDD183C9CF48541904382EE58">
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<mods:date id="9F79D9CF06771FC010CD9C9339A1453A">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="8A4A9A494EE8B67B411FCD6881C470E8">2024-10-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="2E0B93954774F0AD62A33A43DCA85FEC">5533</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="57B0A594446E0C7E5E55FAF4BE47699E">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5533.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="CD1C86E2DEE537E7F58C5E192AD9CB81">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="EAB155326DFBC349537DF7B36E9C5A18" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5533.1.1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03DE8F5DFFBF2D042DE9FDB990614C94" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE8F5DFFBF2D042DE9FDB990614C94" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DE8F5DFFBF2D042DE9FDB990614C94" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFBF2D042DE9FDB990454945" box="[151,625,582,609]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFBF2D042DE9FDB990454945" blockId="46.[151,625,582,645]" box="[151,625,582,609]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D042DE9FDB990454945" bold="true" box="[151,625,582,609]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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35.
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<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFBF2D042DBDFDB990454945" ID-CoL="6W5X2" authority="Wood, 1988 b" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1988" box="[195,625,582,609]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Polygraphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
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<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D042DBDFDB993F34944" bold="true" box="[195,455,582,609]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Polygraphus difficilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFE643BAFFBF2D042CB0FDB890454945" author="Wood, S. L." box="[462,625,582,609]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="188 - 195" refId="ref62484" refString="Wood, S. L. (1988 b) Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Part II. Great Basin Naturalist, 48, 188 - 195." type="journal article" year="1988">Wood, 1988b</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFBF2D042DE9FD9496CC4DD8" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFBF2D042DE9FD94932249A0" blockId="46.[151,625,582,645]" box="[151,278,619,645]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134C22CEFFBF2D042DE1FD94933A49A0" box="[159,270,619,645]" captionStart="FIGURE 46" captionStartId="46.[151,250,1620,1644]" captionTargetBox="[417,1171,1134,1594]" captionTargetId="figure-360@46.[417,1171,1134,1594]" captionTargetPageId="46" captionText="FIGURE 46. Polygraphus difficilis. Female: dorsal view A, lateral view B; male: dorsal view C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023417" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023417/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Figure 46</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFBF2D042DE9FD4C90774F7C" blockId="46.[151,1437,691,1113]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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This species is diagnosed by the following morphological characters:
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<specimenCount id="9D71F5C2FFBF2D042ECDFD4C91FC49E8" box="[947,968,691,717]" count="1" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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body not so elongated; frons moderately concave on central half, concave area with fringe of incurved, golden hairs along upper and lateral margins, longest setae on vertex could extend two-thirds of distance to epistoma; eyes rather large, two-thirds divided by deep emargination; antennal funicle six-segmented; club rather small, ovate, with acute apex; pronotum 1.3× as wide as long; widest on basal third, lateral sides arcuate with broadly rounded anterior margin and a strong constriction just in front of it; surface smooth, shining with dense, small punctures and covered with short, fine hairs; scutellum indistinct; elytra 1.45× as long as its width, 1.9× as long as pronotum, lateral sides almost parallel upto basal three fourth, broadly rounded posteriorly; striae not impressed, punctures in obscure rows; interstriae more than three times as wide as striae, punctures slightly smaller than those of striae, close, confused; declivity steep, convex except shallowly sulcate on interstria 2; striae not indicated; interstriae 1 weakly elevated, 1 and 3 each armed by a row of small tubercles; vestiture of small rather sparse, pale interstrial scales; body reddish-brown, body length:
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<quantity id="4C8F93AEFFBF2D042DE9FBC093084F7C" box="[151,316,1087,1113]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.11" metricValueMax="2.18" metricValueMin="2.04" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="2.11" valueMax="2.18" valueMin="2.04">2.04–2.18 mm</quantity>
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, 2.36× as long as wide.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF086EC3FFBF2D042DE9F9AB96594D49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14023417" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14023417" box="[151,1133,1620,1645]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14023417/files/figure.png" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" startId="46.[151,250,1620,1644]" targetBox="[417,1171,1134,1594]" targetPageId="46" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFBF2D042DE9F9AB96594D49" blockId="46.[151,1133,1620,1645]" box="[151,1133,1620,1645]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D042DE9F9AB93144D49" bold="true" box="[151,288,1620,1644]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFBF2D042C58F9AA90354D48" authorityName="Wood" authorityYear="1988" box="[294,513,1621,1645]" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Polygraphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="difficilis">
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<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D042C58F9AA90354D48" box="[294,513,1621,1645]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Polygraphus difficilis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Female: dorsal view
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<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D042F9EF9AB90C64D49" bold="true" box="[736,754,1620,1644]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A</emphasis>
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, lateral view
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<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D042E02F9AA91B94D48" bold="true" box="[892,909,1621,1645]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">B</emphasis>
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; male: dorsal view
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<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D04292BF9AB96534D49" bold="true" box="[1109,1127,1620,1644]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">C</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFBF2D042DB9F94096CC4DD8" blockId="46.[151,1437,1727,1969]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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Males differ from females in their frons being transversely impressed on lower third, convex above, armed by a transverse pair of rather widely spaced tubercles at upper level of eyes; body length:
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<quantity id="4C8F93AEFFBF2D042933F91C96C74DD8" box="[1101,1267,1763,1789]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.845" metricValueMax="1.93" metricValueMin="1.76" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="mm" value="1.845" valueMax="1.93" valueMin="1.76">1.76–1.93 mm</quantity>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFBF2D042DB9F8F890B34C4C" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFBF2D042DB9F8F890B34C4C" blockId="46.[151,1437,1727,1969]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
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||
<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D042DB9F8F893874C04" bold="true" box="[199,435,1799,1825]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Material examined:</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B1F3416FFBF2D042CC5F8F890B74C4C" collectingDate="2017-05-21" collectingDateMax="2018-02-20" collectingDateMin="2017-05-21" collectionCode="KUIC" collectorName="A. A. Buhroo & Sanwara & Solan" country="India" county="New Records" elevation="1288" latitude="33.132534" location="Batote" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.30755" municipality="Jammu" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" specimenCount="5" specimenCount-female="3" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">
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||
<collectingCounty id="62A946C7FFBF2D042CC5F8F890634C04" box="[443,599,1799,1825]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">New Records</collectingCounty>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFBF2D042F1CF8F890944C04" box="[610,672,1799,1825]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
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:
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||
<specimenCount id="9D71F5C2FFBF2D042FD5F8F890E24C06" box="[683,726,1799,1827]" count="2" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="male">2 ♂</specimenCount>
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||
′s,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D71F5C2FFBF2D042F8BF8F891294C06" box="[757,797,1799,1827]" count="3" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="female">3 ♀</specimenCount>
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||
′s.
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BACA431FFBF2D042E41F8F891A74C04" box="[831,915,1799,1825]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Jammu</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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||
<location id="8EA86890FFBF2D042EE0F8F891DE4C04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE8F5DFFBF2D042DE9FDB990614C94:8EA86890FFBF2D042EE0F8F891DE4C04" box="[926,1002,1799,1825]" country="India" county="New Records" latitude="33.132534" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.30755" municipality="Jammu" name="Batote" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Batote</location>
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,
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||
<location id="8EA86890FFBF2D042E88F8F896644C04" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03DE8F5DFFBF2D042DE9FDB990614C94:8EA86890FFBF2D042E88F8F896644C04" box="[1014,1104,1799,1825]" country="India" county="New Records" latitude="33.132534" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="75.30755" municipality="Jammu" name="Shampa" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" stateProvince="Himachal Pradesh">Shampa</location>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="EE43588CFFBF2D04291EF8F897354C04" box="[1120,1281,1799,1827]" degrees="33" direction="north" minutes="07.952" orientation="latitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="1" value="33.132534">33° 07.952′ N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE43588CFFBF2D042872F8F8929E4C60" degrees="075" direction="east" minutes="18.453" orientation="longitude" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" precision="1" value="75.30755">075° 18.453′ E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="4C8F93AEFFBF2D042DC8F8D493244C60" box="[182,272,1835,1862]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28778" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="4225.0">
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<elevation id="005AD978FFBF2D042DC8F8D493244C60" box="[182,272,1835,1862]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28778" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="4225.0">4225 ft.</elevation>
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||
</quantity>
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||
),
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||
<collectorName id="26825B9DFFBF2D042C5DF8D493834C60" box="[291,439,1835,1861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A.A. Buhroo</collectorName>
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,
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||
<date id="FFC9188BFFBF2D042CBCF8D490744C63" box="[450,576,1835,1862]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2017-05-21">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF8DE163FFBF2D042CBCF8D490744C63" box="[450,576,1835,1862]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2017-05-21">21.05.2017</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
(
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||
<collectionCode id="ED66A68EFFBF2D042F31F8D490AE4C60" box="[591,666,1835,1861]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nivr-mmiq" name="Kagoshima University" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">KUIC</collectionCode>
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||
).
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F0A9FFBF2D042FD2F8D4914F4C60" box="[684,891,1835,1861]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26825B9DFFBF2D042EF8F8D491DD4C60" box="[902,1001,1835,1861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Sanwara</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26825B9DFFBF2D042E8AF8D496004C60" box="[1012,1076,1835,1861]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Solan</collectorName>
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||
(30° 88.677′ N, 076° 99.854′ E,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8F93AEFFBF2D042DE9F8B092C54C4C" box="[151,241,1871,1898]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.239012" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="4065.0">
|
||
<elevation id="005AD978FFBF2D042DE9F8B092C54C4C" box="[151,241,1871,1898]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.239012" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" unit="ft" value="4065.0">4065 ft.</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
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||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="26825B9DFFBF2D042C7AF8B093AD4C4C" box="[260,409,1871,1897]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">A.A. Buhroo</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC9188BFFBF2D042CDAF8B090154C4C" box="[420,545,1871,1897]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2018-02-20">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF8DE163FFBF2D042CDAF8B090154C4C" box="[420,545,1871,1897]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" value="2018-02-20">20.02.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED66A68EFFBF2D042F4FF8B090484C4C" box="[561,636,1871,1897]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nivr-mmiq" name="Kagoshima University" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">KUIC</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFBF2D042DB9F88C91414CA8" box="[199,885,1907,1933]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFBF2D042DB9F88C91414CA8" blockId="46.[151,1437,1727,1969]" box="[199,885,1907,1933]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D042DB9F88C93574CA8" bold="true" box="[199,355,1907,1933]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3607EDBFFBF2D042C14F88C939C4CA8" box="[362,424,1907,1933]" name="India" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F0A9FFBF2D042CCCF88C90B64CA8" box="[434,642,1907,1933]" country="India" name="Himachal Pradesh" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Himachal Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Jammu,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49B3F0A9FFBF2D042F95F88C91414CA8" box="[747,885,1907,1933]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36D6DC0FFBF2D042DB9F86890614C94" box="[199,597,1943,1969]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC83E4BFFBF2D042DB9F86890614C94" blockId="46.[151,1437,1727,1969]" box="[199,597,1943,1969]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D042DB9F86893274C94" bold="true" box="[199,275,1943,1969]" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Hosts:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFBF2D042C64F86793E34C94" box="[282,471,1943,1969]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="roxburghii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B903E259FFBF2D042C64F86793E34C94" box="[282,471,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="46" pageNumber="47">Pinus roxburghii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7745C8FFBF2D042C9BF86890784C94" box="[485,588,1943,1969]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pinaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |