1020 lines
169 KiB
XML
1020 lines
169 KiB
XML
<document id="9217E6508A52AEC8E21E4FE400D0F31E" ID-CLB-Dataset="31348" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4353.2.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5dcff406-a135-4ba0-bac3-d56b4f629887" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1065166" ID-ZooBank="05D61D56-6043-4A11-B2B5-CBF864299B4F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1511423831672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Sankaran, Pradeep M., Malamel, Jobi J., Joseph, Mathew M. & Sebastian, Pothalil A." docDate="2017" docId="03D7A552F4010822ADC45C54CB83B605" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4353.2.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4353 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Tylorida marmorea Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian 2017, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="306" masterDocId="FFEEDD2AF402082FAD535B47CA5EB761" masterDocTitle="On the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 with the first record of the genus Atelidea Simon, 1895 from India (Araneae: Tetragnathidae, Leucauginae)" masterLastPageNumber="326" masterPageNumber="294" pageNumber="297" updateTime="1698504197812" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5E6D9AFEFA0689079E49BC25E8996124">On the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 with the first record of the genus Atelidea Simon, 1895 from India (Araneae: Tetragnathidae, Leucauginae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="53463949B46DE8C4684C34CAED1B46B3">Sankaran, Pradeep M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A24F97B13EB2481882DF8C3441A4B28">Malamel, Jobi J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="23ECA4B86E835D88DFAC165273003EF5">Joseph, Mathew M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5100F5E2D95DDE59C0F526D5B901B1E7">Sebastian, Pothalil A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9E62D07E93047161C465D1CCA2F0C2FD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9E88AD1A1E1A30BB67E1B9718D2A2CAF">
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<mods:date id="72408163228E5E23918EF07446F7A088">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CFE69097129FF8A34B58F8D89422413B">2017-11-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D96E964652A6CBFE444BA1D2932696C4">4353</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03D7A552F4010822ADC45C54CB83B605" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6051876" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137541620" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6051876" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7A552F4010822ADC45C54CB83B605" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D7A552F4010822ADC45C54CB83B605" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="306" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
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<paragraph id="8BC11444F401082CADC45C54C892B04C" blockId="3.[151,1010,1811,1870]" box="[151,716,1811,1837]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
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<heading id="D089A328F401082CADC45C54C892B04C" bold="true" box="[151,716,1811,1837]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90AC856F401082CADC45C54C892B04C" bold="true" box="[151,716,1811,1837]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F401082CADC45C54C860B04C" ID-CoL="7CZRQ" authority="(Pocock, 1901)" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,574,1811,1837]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B90AC856F401082CADC45C54CBDFB04C" bold="true" box="[151,385,1811,1837]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Tylorida marmorea</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F401082CACC35C54C868B04C" author="Pocock" box="[400,566,1811,1837]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1901) Descriptions of some new species of spiders from British India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 478 - 498." type="journal article" year="1901">Pocock, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF401082CAF155C54C892B04C" box="[582,716,1811,1837]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC11444F401082CADC45C72C9ACB02F" blockId="3.[151,1010,1811,1870]" box="[151,1010,1845,1870]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
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(
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<figureCitation id="134508C1F401082CADCC5C72CB45B02F" box="[159,283,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1861,1883]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1835]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[181,1405,195,1844]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1A–F. Field photographs of Tylorida spp. A Female Tylorida flava sp. nov. from Illithodu, Ernakulam (ADSH100454); B–C Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov. from Ponmudi, Trivandrum (ADSH100458): B Male; C Female;D Femaleof Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877)from MuriyadKol Wetland, Thrissur,Kerala (CATE99462); E–FFemales of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): E Silver morph from Pathiramanal Island, Alappuzha (ADSH1004515); F Yellow morph from Kanakappalam, Kottayam (ADSH1004518). Photo credit A & E, Pradeep M. Sankaran; B & C, Jimmy Paul; D, Nafin K.S.; F, Dhruv A. Prajapati." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065168/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Figs 1B–C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134508C1F401082CAC745C71CB15B02F" box="[295,331,1846,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,859,881]" captionTargetBox="[157,1429,453,826]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,445,837]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2A–C. Field photographs of Tylorida spp. mating pairs. A Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov. from Ponmudi,Trivandrum (ADSH100458); B Tylorida striata (Thorell,1877) from Parambikulam TigerReserve,Palakkad,Kerala (CATE99461); Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877) from Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Wayanad, Kerala (CATE99463). Photo credit A, Jimmy Paul; B & C, Nafin K.S.." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065170/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">2A</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F401082CAC045C72CBC9B02F" box="[343,407,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,204,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[219,1372,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov. from Ponmudi (High altitude form). A–C Male habitus: A dorsal; B ventral; C prolateral; D–F Female habitus:D dorsal; E ventral; F prolateral.Scale bar A–F,2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065176/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">5A–F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134508C1F401082CACF05C72CBB4B02F" box="[419,490,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,966,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,949,1752]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE6A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock,1901) comb.nov. from Akambadam (Low altitude form).A–B Male habitus:A dorsal; B prolateral; C–D Femalehabitus:C dorsal; D retrolateral. Scale bar A–D, 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065178/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">6A–D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134508C1F401082CACA65C71C865B02F" box="[501,571,1846,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[187,1416,605,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[172,1425,592,1466]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7A–I. Male left leg I of Tylorida spp. A–C Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A tibia, prolateral; B metatarsus, prolateral; C tarsus, prolateral; D–F Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877): D tibia, prolateral; E metatarsus, prolateral; F tarsus, prolateral; G–I Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): G tibia, prolateral; H metatarsus, prolateral; I tarsus, prolateral. Scale bars A–C, E, H, I, 0.5 mm; D, G, 1 mm; F, 0.2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065180/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">7A–C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134508C1F401082CAF155C71C8D3B02F" box="[582,653,1846,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">8A–H</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134508C1F401082CAFCB5C71C8BEB02F" box="[664,736,1846,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,448,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,419,1687]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D Internal genitalia, dorsal.Scale bars A–B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065184/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">9A–D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134508C1F401082CAFB85C71C96AB02F" box="[747,820,1846,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">10A–I</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134508C1F401082CAE135C71C9D3B02F" box="[832,909,1846,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">11A–F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="134508C1F401082CAECA5C71C9B4B02F" box="[921,1002,1846,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">12A–E</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C36447CFF401082BADC45C39CEA4B53A" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BC11444F401082BADC45C39C91AB78A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1917,2031]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,152,603]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6E336AF401082BADC45C39C91AB78A" infered="true" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F401082CADC45C39C86FB0F2" ID-CoL="93884" authority="Pocock, 1901: 479" authorityName="Pocock" authorityPageNumber="479" authorityYear="1901" box="[151,561,1917,1939]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Orsinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea">
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<emphasis id="B90AC856F401082CADC45C39CB35B0F2" box="[151,363,1918,1939]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="297">Orsinome marmorea</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADF3255F401082CAC215C3AC86FB0F2" author="Pocock" box="[370,561,1917,1939]" page="479" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" year="1901">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F401082CAC215C3AC85EB0F2" author="Pocock" box="[370,512,1917,1939]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1901) Descriptions of some new species of spiders from British India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 478 - 498." type="journal article" year="1901">Pocock, 1901</bibRefCitation>
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: 479
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Brief description of male and female [Holotype not designated; unspecified number of specimens collected from INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Ootacamund (now known as Udhagamandalam or Ooty); G. F. Hampson leg., Kerala: Trivandrum: Ponmudi; H. Ferguson leg.; specimen repository unknown, possibly BMNH or ZSI]) NOT EXAMINED.
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADF3255F401082CACC95C9EC803B08E" author="Sherriffs" box="[410,605,2009,2031]" page="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" year="1918">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F401082CACC95C9EC869B08E" author="Sherriffs" box="[410,567,2009,2031]" pageId="3" pageNumber="297" refString="Sherriffs, W. R. (1918) A contribution to the study of South Indian arachnology. In: Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Vol. 9. S. P. C. K. Press, Vepery, Madras, pp. 220 - 253." type="book" year="1918">Sherriffs, 1918</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 31
|
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</treatmentCitation>
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(Brief description of the natural history of the species; mentioned body size of male and female); 1919: 232 (Brief description of the natural history of the species; mentioned body size of male and female).
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0ADF3255F406082BAC735BF1CBBCB7AD" author="Gravely" box="[288,482,182,204]" page="537" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F406082BAC735BF1CBECB7AD" author="Gravely" box="[288,434,182,204]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1915) Notes on Habits of Indian Insects Myriapods and Arachnids. Records of the Indian Museum, XI, 483 - 539." type="book chapter" year="1915">Gravely, 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 537
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(Brief description of the natural history of the species); 1921: 448, fig. 7a–b (Brief description of male & female; illustration of chelicerae of male & female).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC11444F406082BADC45BB2CBC7B607" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6E336AF406082BADC45BB2CBC7B607" infered="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BADC45BB2C87BB66B" authority="Wang, 1991: 158" authorityName="Wang" authorityPageNumber="158" authorityYear="1991" box="[151,549,244,266]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Leucauge" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BADC45BB2CB34B66B" box="[151,362,244,266]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Leucauge cylindrata</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF3255F406082BAC215BB2C87BB66B" author="Wang" box="[370,549,244,266]" page="158" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" year="1991">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F406082BAC215BB2CBAFB66B" author="Wang" box="[370,497,244,266]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" refString="Wang, J. F. (1991) On the spiders of the family Tetragnathidae in south China (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 16, 153 - 162." type="journal article" year="1991">Wang, 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 158
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, figs 21–24 (Description and illustration of male and female [Holotype not assigned; male and female specimens from CHINA: Yue Ning County: Hunan Province; Wang Jia-Fu & Zhang Yong-Jing leg.;
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BA8D55A54CB40B626" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="1984-08-07">7- 08-1984</date>
|
||
; repository unknown) NOT EXAMINED.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF3255F406082BAF805A76CE57B626" author="Song" box="[723,1033,305,327]" page="216" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F406082BAF805A76C988B626" author="Song" box="[723,982,305,327]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" refString="Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei University of Science and Techology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp." type="book" year="1999">Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 216
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, figs 121G, 122C–D, 130K (Illustration of male and female).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F406082BADC45A29C988B6A0" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6E336AF406082BADC45A29C988B6A0" infered="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BADC45A29C82CB6E5" ID-CoL="7CZRS" authority="Zhu, Wu & Song, 2002: 26" authorityName="Zhu, Wu & Song" authorityPageNumber="26" authorityYear="2002" box="[151,626,366,388]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BADC45A29CB04B6E5" box="[151,346,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Tylorida cylindrata</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF3255F406082BAC335A29C82CB6E5" author="Zhu" box="[352,626,366,388]" page="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" year="2002">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F406082BAC335A29C810B6E5" author="Zhu" box="[352,590,366,388]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" refString="Zhu, M. S., Wu, C. & Song, D. X. (2002) A revision of the Chinese species of the genus Tylorida (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 11, 25 - 32." type="journal article" year="2002">Zhu, Wu & Song, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 26
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, fig. 1A–H (Transfer of male and female to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BA97F5A29CEDFB6E5" ID-CoL="844C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[1068,1153,366,388]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BA97F5A29CEDFB6E5" box="[1068,1153,366,388]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; description and illustration of male and female).
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF3255F406082BACCF5ACAC886B6C2" author="Zhu" box="[412,728,397,419]" page="300" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" year="2003">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F406082BACCF5ACAC8F9B6C2" author="Zhu" box="[412,679,397,419]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" refString="Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. & Zhang, J. X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata. Vol. 35. Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, vii + 418 pp." type="book" year="2003">Zhu, Song & Zhang, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 300
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 167A–H (Description and illustration of male and female).
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF3255F406082BA80C5ACACB0BB6A3" author="Yin" page="469" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" year="2012">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F406082BA80C5ACACB7AB6A3" author="Yin" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" refString="Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J., Yan, H. M., Bao, Y. H., Xu, X., Tang, G., Zhou, Q. S. & Liu, P. (2012) Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha, 1590 pp." type="book" year="2012">
|
||
Yin
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BA8D95AC9CABFB6A3" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 469
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, fig. 214a–e (Illustration of male and female).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAE7D5AEBC988B6A0" bold="true" box="[814,982,428,449]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">New synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F406082BADC45A8DCEA4B53A" blockId="4.[151,1436,152,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6E336AF406082BADC45A8DCEA4B53A" infered="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B161E19F406082BADC45A8DCE10B69E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1701951737" collectingDate="2013-03-06" collectorName="S. Kulkarni" country="India" location="Maharashtra" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Maharashtra" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BADC45A8DC860B681" ID-CoL="7CZRZ" authority="Kulkarni, 2014: 5558" authorityName="Kulkarni" authorityPageNumber="5558" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,574,458,480]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sataraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BADC45A8DCB3EB681" box="[151,352,458,480]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Tylorida sataraensis</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF3255F406082BAC345A8DC860B681" author="Kulkarni" box="[359,574,458,480]" page="5558" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F406082BAC345A8DC85EB681" author="Kulkarni" box="[359,512,458,480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" refString="Kulkarni, S. (2014) A new species of the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from a rocky outcrop in the northern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6, 5558 - 5561. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3606.5558 - 61" type="journal article" year="2014">Kulkarni, 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 5558
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, images 1–5, figs 2–4 (Description, images and illustration of female [
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C5AAE6F406082BA9A05A8DCF0CB681" box="[1267,1362,458,480]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
female (ZSI-WRC-Ar/439) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36954D4F406082BAC9E5AADC849B69E" box="[461,535,490,511]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BADAA6F406082BAF705AAEC8FDB69E" box="[547,675,489,511]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
: Chalkewadi;
|
||
<collectorName id="268B7192F406082BAE675AAEC9F6B69E" box="[820,936,489,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">S. Kulkarni</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84CB6CF406082BAEB75AAECE10B69E" box="[996,1102,489,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2013-03-06">
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BAEB75AAECE10B69E" box="[996,1102,489,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2013-03-06">6-03-2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B161E19F406082BA9095AADCEDCB57F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1701951757" collectingDate="2012-01-12" collectorName="Regd. No. & Kulkarni & A. Sargar" country="India" location="Maharashtra" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="4" stateProvince="Maharashtra" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C5AAE6F406082BA9095AADCEE7B69E" box="[1114,1209,490,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78DFCDF406082BA9925AAECF7DB69E" box="[1217,1315,489,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="female">4 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectorName id="268B7192F406082BA8605AAECFC2B69E" box="[1331,1436,489,511]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Regd. No.</collectorName>
|
||
ZSI-WRC-Ar/440) same data as for
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C5AAE6F406082BAF64594FC8D3B57F" box="[567,653,520,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
except S.
|
||
<collectorName id="268B7192F406082BAFAB594FC90EB57F" box="[760,848,520,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Kulkarni</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="268B7192F406082BAE21594FC98CB57F" box="[882,978,520,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">A. Sargar</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84CB6CF406082BA95F594FCEDCB57F" box="[1036,1154,520,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2012-01-12">
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BA95F594FCEDCB57F" box="[1036,1154,520,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2012-01-12">12-01-2012</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B161E19F406082BA9DD594FCEA4B53A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1701951770" collectionCode="NOT, EXAMINED" country="India" location="Description" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Maharashtra" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C5AAE6F406082BA9DD594FCEBBB57F" box="[1166,1253,520,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C5AAE6F406082BA844594ECF28B57F" box="[1303,1398,521,542]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
are deposited in ZSI-WRC)
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6F8C81F406082BACEA5961CBB2B55D" box="[441,492,550,572]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13781" name="Nottingham City Natural History Museum" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">NOT</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6F8C81F406082BACA15960C824B55D" box="[498,634,551,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">EXAMINED</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0ADF3255F406082BAFD15961C9D0B55D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3509650" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3509650" author="Kulkarni" box="[642,910,550,572]" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD2C780E838008F528AC17F999474E69" page="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" year="2015">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F406082BAFD15961C929B55D" author="Kulkarni" box="[642,887,550,572]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" refString="Kulkarni, S. S. & Lewis, T. R. (2015) Description of male Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3 (e 4451), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 3. e 4451" type="journal article" year="2015">Kulkarni & Lewis, 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 2
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
, images 1b, 2b, 3b, 4, 5b, 6–7, 9–11 (
|
||
<location id="8EA1429FF406082BA9AE5961CF2CB55D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7A552F4010822ADC45C54CB83B605:8EA1429FF406082BA9AE5961CF2CB55D" box="[1277,1394,550,572]" country="India" name="Description" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" stateProvince="Maharashtra">Description</location>
|
||
and images of male; images of female; provided comparison of male with male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BAE9E5901CE65B53A" ID-CoL="7CZRW" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[973,1083,581,603]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAE9E5901CE65B53A" box="[973,1083,581,603]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BA9035902CEA4B53A" bold="true" box="[1104,1274,580,603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">New Synonymy.</emphasis>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36447CFF406082BADC459CDC8CCB4E5" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F406082BADC459CDC8CCB4E5" blockId="4.[151,1437,647,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B161E19F406082BADC459CDCECFB5A6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1701951773" collectingDate="2013-05-15" collectingDateMax="57-10-04" collectingDateMin="2013-05-15" collectionCode="ADSH" collectorName="Pradeep M. S." country="India" elevation="41" latitude="11.310394" location="Material" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.20879" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BADC459CDC810B5C2" bold="true" box="[151,590,650,675]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<location id="8EA1429FF406082BADC459CDCAA1B5C2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7A552F4010822ADC45C54CB83B605:8EA1429FF406082BADC459CDCAA1B5C2" box="[151,255,650,675]" country="India" latitude="11.310394" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.20879" name="Material" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" stateProvince="Kerala">Material</location>
|
||
examined.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36954D4F406082BACC359CDCBB9B5C2" box="[400,487,650,675]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BADAA6F406082BACA459CDC81BB5C2" box="[503,581,650,675]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BACA459CDC81BB5C2" bold="true" box="[503,581,650,675]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Kerala</emphasis>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Malappuram, Akambadam,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A7283F406082BAECE59CCCE1EB5C2" box="[925,1088,647,675]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" precision="1" value="11.310394">11o18'37.42''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A7283F406082BA90359CDCEACB5C2" box="[1104,1266,647,675]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" precision="1" value="76.20879">76o12'31.68''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0053F377F406082BA85159CCCF61B5C3" box="[1282,1343,651,675]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="41.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F406082BA85159CCCF61B5C3" box="[1282,1343,651,675]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="41.0">41 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
alt.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84CB6CF406082BA8D359CDCB4EB5A6" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2013-05-15">
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BA8D359CDCB4EB5A6" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2013-05-15">15 May 2013</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268B7192F406082BAC4C59E9CB9BB5A6" box="[287,453,686,711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Pradeep M. S.</collectorName>
|
||
leg., from web, by hand:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78DFCDF406082BAFAD59E8C90EB5A6" box="[766,848,686,711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78DFCDF406082BAE0C59E8C991B5A6" box="[863,975,686,711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED6F8C81F406082BAEB159E9CE6DB5A6" box="[994,1075,686,711]" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">ADSH</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84CB6CF406082BA96159E9CED6B5A6" box="[1074,1160,686,711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="57-10-04">
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BA96159E9CED6B5A6" box="[1074,1160,686,711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="57-10-04">100457</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B161E19F406082BA9CC59E9C983B58F" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1701951778" collectingDate="2014-10-01" country="India" elevation="920" latitude="8.759942" location="Kallar in Ponmudi" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.116875" municipality="Trivandrum" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA58E3EF406082BA9CC59E9CF79B5A6" box="[1183,1319,686,711]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Trivandrum</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EA1429FF406082BA86659E9CAA1B58F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7A552F4010822ADC45C54CB83B605:8EA1429FF406082BA86659E9CAA1B58F" country="India" latitude="8.759942" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.116875" municipality="Trivandrum" name="Kallar in Ponmudi" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" stateProvince="Kerala">Kallar in Ponmudi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A7283F406082BAC5E5991CBFAB58F" box="[269,420,722,750]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" precision="1" value="8.759942">8o45'35.79''N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A7283F406082BACE05991C80AB58F" box="[435,596,722,750]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" precision="1" value="77.116875">77o07'00.75''E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0053F377F406082BAF305991C8F3B58C" box="[611,685,726,750]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="920.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F406082BAF305991C8F3B58C" box="[611,685,726,750]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="920.0">920 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
alt., 0
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84CB6CF406082BAFAF5991C9EFB58F" box="[764,945,725,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2014-10-01">
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BAFAF5991C9EFB58F" box="[764,945,725,750]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2014-10-01">1 October 2014</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
, M
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.S. Pradeep leg., from web, by hand: 2 males, 4 females (ADSH
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BACEE59BBC84DB474" box="[445,531,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="58-10-04">100458</date>
|
||
). Idukki, Vagamon, 9o41’10.25’’N, 76o54’18.83’’E,
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F406082BA93F59BACE9AB475" box="[1132,1220,765,789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.013" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="1013.0">1013 m</quantity>
|
||
alt.
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BA9AE59BBCFC6B474" box="[1277,1432,764,789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2015-07-15">15 July 2015</date>
|
||
, Jimmy Paul leg., from web, by hand: 1 male (ADSH
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BAFB45867C963B458" box="[743,829,800,825]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="59-10-04">100459</date>
|
||
).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B161E19F406082BAE035867C8D0B4E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1701951736" collectingDate="2016-11-02" collectionCode="ADSH" collectorName="Jimmy Paul" country="India" elevation="1885" latitude="10.15511" location="Anamudi" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.06875" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" specimenCode="ADSH1004510" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-subadult="2" stateProvince="Kerala">
|
||
Idukki, Munnar, Eravikulam National Park, foothills of
|
||
<location id="8EA1429FF406082BADE65800CB7EB401" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D7A552F4010822ADC45C54CB83B605:8EA1429FF406082BADE65800CB7EB401" box="[181,288,839,864]" country="India" latitude="10.15511" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="77.06875" name="Anamudi" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" stateProvince="Kerala">Anamudi</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A7283F406082BAC785800CB84B43E" box="[299,474,835,863]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" precision="1" value="10.15511">10o09’18.40’’N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4A7283F406082BACB6580FC8CFB43E" box="[485,657,835,863]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" precision="1" value="77.06875">77o04’07.49’’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="0053F377F406082BAFCF5800C8AFB43E" box="[668,753,839,864]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.885" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="1885.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F406082BAFCF5800C8AFB43E" box="[668,753,839,864]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.885" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" unit="m" value="1885.0">1885 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
alt.,
|
||
<collectingDate id="EF84CB6CF406082BAE7B5800C9ABB401" box="[808,1013,839,864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2016-11-02">
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BAE7B5800C9ABB401" box="[808,1013,839,864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2016-11-02">2 November 2016</date>
|
||
</collectingDate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="268B7192F406082BAEAC5800CEDAB401" box="[1023,1156,839,864]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Jimmy Paul</collectorName>
|
||
leg., from web, by hand:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78DFCDF406082BADC4582CCAA5B4E5" box="[151,251,875,900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78DFCDF406082BAC55582CCB24B4E5" box="[262,378,875,900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="subadult">2 subadult</specimenCount>
|
||
males (
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBD8BC3FF406082BAC82582CC8D8B4E5" box="[465,646,875,900]" collectionCode="ADSH" country="India" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7csr-pk9c" name="Arachnology Division, Sacred Heart College" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">ADSH1004510</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36447CFF406082BAD9458C8CB87B239" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F406082BAD9458C8CB87B239" blockId="4.[151,1437,647,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAD9458C8CB1FB4C9" bold="true" box="[199,321,911,936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BAC1A58C8C87DB4C6" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[329,547,911,936]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAC1A58C8C87DB4C6" box="[329,547,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Tylorida marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF406082BAF7958C8C8F2B4C9" box="[554,684,911,936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAF7958C8C8F2B4C9" bold="true" box="[554,684,911,936]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BAE2C58D7C9A2B4C9" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[895,1020,911,936]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAE2C58D7C9A2B4C9" box="[895,1020,911,936]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but can be separated from the latter by the following combination of characters:
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAFDE58F4C88FB4AD" box="[653,721,947,972]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Males</emphasis>
|
||
: I & II tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi provided ventrally with short, cone-like macrosetae (I & II tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BAE49589FC9C6B491" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[794,920,983,1008]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAE49589FC9C6B491" box="[794,920,983,1008]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack such macrosetae), cheliceral retromargin basally with a large, slightly bifid tubercle (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BAFEF58BBC965B375" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[700,827,1019,1044]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAFEF58BBC965B375" box="[700,827,1019,1044]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, cheliceral retromargin basally with a large, bluntly rounded tubercle), short cymbial dorso-basal process (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BAE7B5F67C9F0B359" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[808,942,1055,1080]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAE7B5F67C9F0B359" box="[808,942,1055,1080]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with long cymbial dorso-basal process), comparatively long embolus (embolus tiny in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BAFC85F03C947B33D" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[667,793,1091,1116]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAFC85F03C947B33D" box="[667,793,1091,1116]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and conductor extends up to embolic base (conductor in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BADC45F2FCB4BB3E1" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,277,1127,1152]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BADC45F2FCB4BB3E1" box="[151,277,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends up to the basal half of embolus).
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAFBD5F20C913B3E1" box="[750,845,1127,1152]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Females</emphasis>
|
||
: epigynal plate with prominent postero-median lobe lacking lateral and median lobes (postero-median lobe of epigynal plate in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BAEAB5FCBCE29B3C5" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[1016,1143,1163,1188]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAEAB5FCBCE29B3C5" box="[1016,1143,1163,1188]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
less prominent with well marked lateral and median lobes), copulatory ducts with short distal half (copulatory ducts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BA9FE5FF7CF75B3A9" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[1197,1323,1199,1224]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BA9FE5FF7CF75B3A9" box="[1197,1323,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with long distal half), bulky spermathecal bulb (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BAF025F93C88CB38D" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[593,722,1235,1260]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAF025F93C88CB38D" box="[593,722,1235,1260]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with compact spermathecal bulb) and fertilization ducts with contiguous distal parts (fertilization ducts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F406082BAFC55FBFC948B271" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[662,790,1271,1296]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAFC55FBFC948B271" box="[662,790,1271,1296]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">T. ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
widely separated along the entire length) (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BA83F5FB0CA82B252" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[187,1416,605,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[172,1425,592,1466]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7A–I. Male left leg I of Tylorida spp. A–C Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A tibia, prolateral; B metatarsus, prolateral; C tarsus, prolateral; D–F Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877): D tibia, prolateral; E metatarsus, prolateral; F tarsus, prolateral; G–I Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): G tibia, prolateral; H metatarsus, prolateral; I tarsus, prolateral. Scale bars A–C, E, H, I, 0.5 mm; D, G, 1 mm; F, 0.2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065180/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Figs 7A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BADBB5E5CCB63B252" box="[232,317,1307,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">10A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BAC1A5E5CCBC8B252" box="[329,406,1307,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">11A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BACF15E5CC86EB255" box="[418,560,1307,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">12A, C, E–b</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BAF235E5CC8BDB252" box="[624,739,1307,1332]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[187,1416,605,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[172,1425,592,1466]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7A–I. Male left leg I of Tylorida spp. A–C Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A tibia, prolateral; B metatarsus, prolateral; C tarsus, prolateral; D–F Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877): D tibia, prolateral; E metatarsus, prolateral; F tarsus, prolateral; G–I Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): G tibia, prolateral; H metatarsus, prolateral; I tarsus, prolateral. Scale bars A–C, E, H, I, 0.5 mm; D, G, 1 mm; F, 0.2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065180/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Figs 7G–I</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BAFA35E5CC97CB252" box="[752,802,1307,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">12H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BAE7C5E5CC9DAB252" box="[815,900,1307,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1841,1863]" captionTargetBox="[191,1395,529,1822]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[186,1410,519,1831]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 17A–O. Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): male left pedipalp illustrating intraspecific variations and left chelicerae. A–E variety I from Edappady, Kottayam:A–D Left pedipalp:A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E Left chelicera, prolateral; F–J variety II from Pathiramanal Island, Alappuzha: F–I Left pedipalp: F prolateral; G ventral; H retrolateral; I dorsal; J Left chelicera, prolateral; variety III from Perumbalam, Alappuzha: K–N Left pedipalp: K prolateral; L ventral; M retrolateral; N dorsal; O Left chelicera, prolateral. Scale bars A–D, 0.5 mm; E, 1 mm;F–O, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065200/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">17A–O</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BAEDC5E5CC9BBB252" box="[911,997,1307,1331]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1845,1867]" captionTargetBox="[312,1268,209,1815]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[290,1301,193,1828]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 18A–O. Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): female genitalia illustrating intraspecific variations. A–F variety II, female with distinct caudal tubercle (A–C from Kumarakom, Kottayam and D–F from Kulathupuzha, Kollam): A–B, D–E Epigyna, ventral; C, F Internal female genitalia, dorsal; G–I, M–O variety III, female without caudal tubercle (G–I another female from Kulathupuzha, Kollam and M–O from Perumbalam, Alappuzha): G–H, M–N Epigyna, ventral; I, O Internal female genitalia, dorsal; J–L variety I, female with indistinct caudal tubercle (from Edappady, Kottayam): J–K Epigyna, ventral; L Internal female genitalia, dorsal. Scale bars A–C, J–L, 0.2 mm; D–I, M–O, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065202/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">18A–O</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F406082BAEA35E5BCF1FB252" author="Jager" box="[1008,1345,1307,1332]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" refString="Jager, P. & Praxaysombath, B. (2009) Spiders from Laos: new species and new records (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo, 58, 27 - 51. https: // doi. org / 10.2476 / asjaa. 58.27" type="journal article" year="2009">Jäger & Praxaysombath 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 25,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F406082BADC45E78CB1CB236" author="Yin" box="[151,322,1343,1368]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" refString="Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J., Yan, H. M., Bao, Y. H., Xu, X., Tang, G., Zhou, Q. S. & Liu, P. (2012) Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha, 1590 pp." type="book" year="2012">
|
||
Yin
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAD955E07CAA0B239" box="[198,254,1343,1368]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2012
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 216b–f).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36447CFF4060824AD945E24CA91B576" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F4060829AD945E24C9E7B6E9" blockId="4.[151,1437,647,2016]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAD945E24CB2AB21D" bold="true" box="[199,372,1379,1404]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BAC2F5E24CBE8B21D" box="[380,438,1379,1404]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(ADSH
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BAF475E24C837B21D" box="[532,617,1379,1404]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="57-10-04">100457</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BAF275E24C8AFB21D" box="[628,753,1379,1404]" captionStart="FIGURE6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,966,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,949,1752]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE6A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock,1901) comb.nov. from Akambadam (Low altitude form).A–B Male habitus:A dorsal; B prolateral; C–D Femalehabitus:C dorsal; D retrolateral. Scale bar A–D, 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065178/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Figs 6A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BAFAE5E24C91DB21A" box="[765,835,1379,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[187,1416,605,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[172,1425,592,1466]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7A–I. Male left leg I of Tylorida spp. A–C Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A tibia, prolateral; B metatarsus, prolateral; C tarsus, prolateral; D–F Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877): D tibia, prolateral; E metatarsus, prolateral; F tarsus, prolateral; G–I Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): G tibia, prolateral; H metatarsus, prolateral; I tarsus, prolateral. Scale bars A–C, E, H, I, 0.5 mm; D, G, 1 mm; F, 0.2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065180/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">7A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BAE1C5E24C9DFB21A" box="[847,897,1379,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">12C</figureCitation>
|
||
): Prosoma brown with a median faint yellowish band. Eyefield brown; lateral eyes contiguous, situated on a shallow tubercle. Clypeus, chelicerae, fangs, labium, maxillae, sternum brown. Sternum rebordered marginally. Cheliceral promargin with three teeth, distal one is placed far away from the rest; retromargin with four teeth and a large, slightly bifid basal tubercle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BA8765E88CFCEB286" box="[1317,1424,1487,1512]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Fig. 12C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Opisthosoma elongated oval, greyish; dorsum provided with a median longitudinal black band flanked on both sides by few silvery spots and irregular black bands; laterals mottled with longitudinal black bands; venter with a broad median longitudinal black patch flanked on both sides by numerous longitudinally placed silver spots. Spinnerets greyish-black. Leg segments yellowish-brown with broad brown annulations; all leg segments except patellae rebordered; I & II tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi provided ventrally with short, cone-like macrosetae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F406082BA8645DC4CAF3B1DE" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1518,1540]" captionTargetBox="[187,1416,605,1454]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[172,1425,592,1466]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7A–I. Male left leg I of Tylorida spp. A–C Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A tibia, prolateral; B metatarsus, prolateral; C tarsus, prolateral; D–F Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877): D tibia, prolateral; E metatarsus, prolateral; F tarsus, prolateral; G–I Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): G tibia, prolateral; H metatarsus, prolateral; I tarsus, prolateral. Scale bars A–C, E, H, I, 0.5 mm; D, G, 1 mm; F, 0.2mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065180/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Fig. 7A– C</figureCitation>
|
||
); femur III prolaterally with a single row of trichobothriae (
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F406082BAE025DE0C920B1A1" box="[849,894,1703,1728]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
|
||
number); femur IV prolaterally with single row of trichobothriae (
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F406082BAC3A5D8CCBC9B185" box="[361,407,1739,1764]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
number). Body length 9.40. Prosoma length 4.08, width 3.01, height 1.18. Opisthosoma length 5.32, width 2.95, height 2.74. Eye diameter: ALE 0.21. AME 0.28. PLE 0.18. PME 0.19. Eye interdistance: AME–ALE 0.13. AME–AME 0.13. AME–PME 0.17. PME–PLE 0.25. PME–PME 0.18. Clypeus height at ALE 0.36, at AME 0.28. Length of chelicerae 2.32. Length of trochanter of pedipalp 1.34. Measurements of pedipalp and legs: Pedipalp 5.45 [2.36, 0.53, 0.62, 1.94], I 31.61 [8.47, 1.85, 8.32, 10.67, 2.30], II 22.61 [6.34, 1.60, 5.50, 7.30, 1.87], III 10.48 [3.45, 0.98, 2.13, 2.84, 1.08], IV 17.58 [5.56, 1.15, 4.09, 5.46, 1.32]. Leg formula: 1243. Spination. Pedipalp. 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 0, 0 0 0 0, 0000; legs: femur I 7350, II 5240,
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BAEB65CE3CE46B0DA" box="[997,1048,1955,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">III 2</date>
|
||
320, IV 3520; patellae I–IV 0200; tibia I 3240, II 3230,
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BACD15C8FCB81B081" box="[386,479,1992,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2110-03">III 2110</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BACBA5C8FC817B081" box="[489,585,1992,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2220-04">IV 2220</date>
|
||
; metatarsus
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BAF825C8FC944B081" box="[721,794,1992,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="1110-01">I 1110</date>
|
||
, II 0 210,
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F406082BAEDA5C8FC9B3B081" box="[905,1005,1992,2016]" pageId="4" pageNumber="298" value="2100-03">III 2100</date>
|
||
, IV 3110; tarsi I–IV 0 0 0 0.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F406082BA8645C80CFC5B081" box="[1335,1435,1991,2016]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="298">Pedipalp</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829ADCC5BD0CB41B7D1" box="[159,287,151,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 8E–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AC7D5BDFCB29B7D1" box="[302,375,152,176]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">10E–I</figureCitation>
|
||
): Pedipalp segments yellowish-brown. Tegulum brown, large, nearly globular, with a short, disto-median triangular process lying parallel to the distal part of the embolic base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829A9C75BFBCF4CB7B5" box="[1172,1298,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 8F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829A8775BFBCFD3B7B5" box="[1316,1421,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">10F–G, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subtegulum dark brown. Embolus short, spine-like, distally with a slight retrolateral bend (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829A9C45B98CEB0B799" box="[1175,1262,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829A9A95BA7CF77B799" box="[1274,1321,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Embolic base thick, apically flat, with apical twist (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AF235A43C899B67D" box="[624,711,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 8F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AF815A43C95CB67D" box="[722,770,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">10F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Conductor broad, flat, lying dorsally in close contact with the median part of embolic base (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AF5E5A60C8F2B621" box="[525,684,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 8E, G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AFE45A6FC97DB621" box="[695,803,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">10E, G–I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cymbial dorso-basal process short, flat, slightly folded retrolaterally and terminally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829ACB15A0BC81EB605" box="[482,576,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 8H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AF1E5A0BC8FFB605" box="[589,673,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">10E, H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Paracymbium short, broad, dorso-ventrally flattened, with weakly sclerotized prolateral half, with apical warp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AFDF5A28C972B6E9" box="[652,812,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 8E, G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AE645A37C9F3B6E9" box="[823,941,368,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">10E, G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0144CCF407082AADC45C02CBEFB095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065168/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" targetBox="[188,1398,206,1835]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F407082AADC45C02CBEFB095" blockId="5.[151,1436,1860,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F407082AADC45C02CB17B03B" bold="true" box="[151,329,1861,1883]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">FIGURE 1A–F.</emphasis>
|
||
Field photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F407082AAF1C5C03C8FAB03B" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[591,676,1860,1882]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F407082AAF1C5C03C8FAB03B" box="[591,676,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. A Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F407082AAE385C03CE5DB03B" authority="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian, 2017" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[875,1027,1860,1882]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F407082AAE385C03CE5DB03B" box="[875,1027,1860,1882]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Tylorida flava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF407082AA9405C02CE33B03B" box="[1043,1133,1861,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F407082AA9405C02CE33B03B" bold="true" box="[1043,1133,1861,1882]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Illithodu, Ernakulam (ADSH100454); B–C
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F407082AAC285C24C8BFB018" authority="(Pocock, 1901)" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[379,737,1891,1913]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F407082AAC285C24C81EB018" box="[379,576,1891,1913]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Tylorida marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
(Pocock, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF407082AAFBB5C24C902B019" box="[744,860,1891,1912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F407082AAFBB5C24C902B019" bold="true" box="[744,860,1891,1912]" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Ponmudi, Trivandrum (ADSH100458): B Male; C Female; D Female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F407082AAC225CC5C8F0B0F9" authority="(Thorell, 1877)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1877" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[369,686,1922,1944]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F407082AAC225CC5C850B0F9" box="[369,526,1922,1944]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Tylorida striata</emphasis>
|
||
(Thorell, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Muriyad Kol Wetland, Thrissur, Kerala (CATE99462); E–F Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F407082AADE05CE7C850B0D7" authority="(Thorell, 1877)" authorityName=", Dr A. V. Sudhikumar and Mr Nafin K. S." authorityYear="1877" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[179,526,1952,1974]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="5" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F407082AADE05CE7CB36B0D7" box="[179,360,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Tylorida ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Thorell, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: E
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F407082AAF7C5CE7C8EDB0D7" box="[559,691,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Silver morph</emphasis>
|
||
from Pathiramanal Island, Alappuzha (ADSH1004515); F
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F407082AA8435CE7CFC2B0D7" box="[1296,1436,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="299">Yellow morph</emphasis>
|
||
from Kanakappalam, Kottayam (ADSH1004518). Photo credit A & E, Pradeep M. Sankaran; B & C, Jimmy Paul; D, Nafin K.S.; F, Dhruv A. Prajapati.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0144CCF4040829ADC4581CC860B4AC" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065170/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" targetBox="[157,1429,453,826]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F4040829ADC4581CC860B4AC" blockId="6.[151,1436,859,973]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829ADC4581CCB19B410" bold="true" box="[151,327,859,881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">FIGURE 2A–C.</emphasis>
|
||
Field photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829AF60581CC8D6B410" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[563,648,859,881]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829AF60581CC8D6B410" box="[563,648,859,881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. mating pairs. A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829AE21581CCEBEB410" authority="(Pocock, 1901)" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[882,1248,859,881]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829AE21581CCE64B410" box="[882,1082,859,881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Tylorida marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
(Pocock, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4040829A9B9581CCF3FB411" box="[1258,1377,859,880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829A9B9581CCF3FB411" bold="true" box="[1258,1377,859,880]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Ponmudi, Trivandrum (ADSH100458); B
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829AF11583EC921B4EE" authority="(Thorell, 1877)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1877" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[578,895,889,911]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829AF11583EC881B4EE" box="[578,735,889,911]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Tylorida striata</emphasis>
|
||
(Thorell, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Parambikulam Tiger Reserve, Palakkad, Kerala (CATE99461);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829AC6558DFC8CCB4CF" authority="(Thorell, 1877)" authorityName=", Dr A. V. Sudhikumar and Mr Nafin K. S." authorityYear="1877" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[310,658,920,942]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829AC6558DFCBB3B4CF" box="[310,493,920,942]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Tylorida ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Thorell, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Wayanad, Kerala (CATE99463). Photo credit A, Jimmy Paul; B & C, Nafin K.S..
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F4040829AD9458BEC8F5B1A5" blockId="6.[151,1437,1017,2020]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829AD9458BECB42B373" box="[199,284,1017,1042]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(ADSH
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F4040829ACD258BECB88B373" box="[385,470,1017,1042]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" value="57-10-04">100457</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829ACB958BEC831B373" box="[490,623,1017,1042]" captionStart="FIGURE6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,966,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,949,1752]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE6A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock,1901) comb.nov. from Akambadam (Low altitude form).A–B Male habitus:A dorsal; B prolateral; C–D Femalehabitus:C dorsal; D retrolateral. Scale bar A–D, 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065178/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 6C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AFD158BDC8E9B373" box="[642,695,1018,1042]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">12D</figureCitation>
|
||
): In all details like male except the following: Sternum not rebordered. Cheliceral promargin with three nearly equal sized teeth; retromargin with four teeth, slightly smaller than the promarginal ones; 4th retromarginal tooth smallest (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AE685F03C9FBB33C" box="[827,933,1092,1117]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spinnerets black. Leg segments yellowishbrown to brown progressively without ventral cone-like macrosetae; femur III prolaterally with a single row of trichobothriae (
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F4040829AC185FCACB22B3C4" box="[331,380,1164,1189]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.032" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" unit="in" value="8.0">8 in</quantity>
|
||
number); femur IV prolaterally with single row of trichobothriae (
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F4040829A9F95FCACEB7B3C4" box="[1194,1257,1164,1189]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||
number). Palp segments yellowish-brown to brown towards distally. Body length 11.47. Prosoma length 4.92, width 3.92, height 1.98. Opisthosoma length 6.55, width 3.40, height 3.03. Eye diameter: ALE 0.28. AME 0.31. PLE 0.22. PME 0.23. Eye interdistance: AME–ALE 0.13. AME–AME 0.12. AME–PME 0.19. PME–PLE 0.34. PME–PME 0.22. Clypeus height at ALE 0.38, at AME 0.34. Length of chelicerae 2.62. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 5.31 [1.66, 0.68, 1.00, 1.97], I 40.59 [11.34, 2.53, 10.34, 13.57, 2.81], II 28.51 [8.26, 2.13, 6.71, 9.07, 2.34], III 14.21 [4.73, 1.34, 2.88, 3.88, 1.38], IV 23.96 [7.85, 1.61, 5.56, 7.13, 1.81]. Leg formula: 1243. Spination. Palp. 0 0 0 0, 1000, 1100, 3216; legs: femur I 6250, II 4250, III 3320, IV 3520; patellae I–IV 0200; tibia I 4230, II 3230,
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F4040829A86F5ECECFC6B2C0" box="[1340,1432,1417,1441]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" value="2110-03">III 2110</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F4040829ADC45EEACAA5B2A4" box="[151,251,1453,1477]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" value="2120-04">IV 2120</date>
|
||
; metatarsus
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F4040829ACDC5EEACB83B2A4" box="[399,477,1453,1477]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" value="1110-01">I 1110</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F4040829ACBE5EEAC81AB2A4" box="[493,580,1453,1477]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" value="1110-02">II 1110</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFC03284F4040829AF075EEAC8E8B2A4" box="[596,694,1453,1477]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" value="2100-03">III 2100</date>
|
||
, IV 3110; tarsi I–IV 0 0 0 0.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829A9525EEACE2DB2A5" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[1025,1139,1453,1476]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829A9525EEACE2DB2A5" box="[1025,1139,1453,1476]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Epigynum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829A9D55EEBCF57B2A4" box="[1158,1289,1452,1477]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,448,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,419,1687]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D Internal genitalia, dorsal.Scale bars A–B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 9C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829A84A5EEACFD0B2A4" box="[1305,1422,1453,1477]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">11C–D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829ADC45E97CB52B288" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[151,268,1488,1513]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Epigynum</taxonomicName>
|
||
flat with circular epigynal plate, constricted postero-laterally to form a postero-median lobe without forming lateral and median lobes, postero-median lobe baso-laterally provided with hook-like sclerotized processes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829ADCC5D5FCAA4B150" box="[159,250,1560,1585]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,448,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,419,1687]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D Internal genitalia, dorsal.Scale bars A–B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 9C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AC555D5ECB69B150" box="[262,311,1561,1585]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">11C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Copulatory openings hardly visible ventrally. Fertilization ducts membranous, basally with a sharp twist, proximal half widely separated, distal half contiguous, originating baso-retrolateral part of spermathecal bulb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829ADCC5D27CB75B118" box="[159,299,1632,1657]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Fig. 11D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Copulatory ducts heavily sclerotized, basal half highly wrinkled giving the appearance of fused spiracles, distal half smooth occupying proximal 2/3rd of epigynal plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AEEE5DC0CE1EB1FE" box="[957,1088,1671,1696]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Fig. 11D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Spermathecal bulb very long, diverging, inflated balloon-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AF515DECC801B1A5" box="[514,607,1707,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,448,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,419,1687]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D Internal genitalia, dorsal.Scale bars A–B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065184/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Figs 9D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AF385DEBC8C0B1A5" box="[619,670,1708,1732]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">11D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F4040825AD945D88CAA4B621" blockId="6.[151,1437,1017,2020]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1437,151,896]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="304" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829AD945D88C934B189" bold="true" box="[199,874,1743,1768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">
|
||
Justification of the transfer of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829AF6F5D88C886B186" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[572,728,1743,1768]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829AF6F5D88C886B186" bold="true" box="[572,728,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">O. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829AE515D88C93CB189" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[770,866,1743,1768]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829AE515D88C93CB189" bold="true" box="[770,866,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4040829AE205D88CE46B186" author="Pocock" box="[883,1048,1743,1768]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1901) Descriptions of some new species of spiders from British India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 13, 478 - 498." type="journal article" year="1901">Pocock (1901)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829A9C55D97CF71B186" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1174,1327,1744,1767]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829A9C55D97CF71B186" box="[1174,1327,1744,1767]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">O. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on specimens collected from Ooty of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BADAA6F4040829AF715DB4C8F7B06D" box="[546,681,1779,1804]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
|
||
State and Ponmudi of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BADAA6F4040829AEE25DB4C9A2B06D" box="[945,1020,1779,1804]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
State of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36954D4F4040829A99D5DB4CF55B06D" box="[1230,1291,1779,1804]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. The species was redescribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4040829ACD15C50C86BB04E" author="Gravely" box="[386,565,1815,1840]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1921) Some Indian spiders of the subfamily Tetragnathinae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 22, 423 - 459." type="journal article" year="1921">Gravely (1921)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who illustrated the male and female chelicerae of the species, which are diagnosable (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4040829AC7E5C7CCB93B035" author="Gravely" box="[301,461,1851,1876]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1921) Some Indian spiders of the subfamily Tetragnathinae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 22, 423 - 459." type="journal article" year="1921">Gravely 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7a–b; herein
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AFCE5C7CC95DB035" box="[669,771,1851,1876]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The illustrations of Gravely match exactly with the male and female chelicerae of the specimens collected from Ponmudi, indicating that these two belong to the same species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829ADA45CC3CBD1B0FA" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[247,399,1924,1947]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829ADA45CC3CBD1B0FA" box="[247,399,1924,1947]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">O. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4040829AF595CC4C8CEB0FD" box="[522,656,1923,1948]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Fig. 12A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4040829AF805CC4C92CB0FD" author="Gravely" box="[723,882,1923,1948]" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1921) Some Indian spiders of the subfamily Tetragnathinae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 22, 423 - 459." type="journal article" year="1921">Gravely 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 7a–b). However, further examination of the male and female genitalia of the specimens from Ponmudi revealed that these specimens do not belong to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829ADC45C8BCB5BB082" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1890" box="[151,261,1996,2019]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Orsinome" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829ADC45C8BCB5BB082" box="[151,261,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Orsinome</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4040829AC8E5C8CC867B085" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[477,569,1995,2020]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4040829AC8E5C8CC867B085" box="[477,569,1995,2020]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="300">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: proximally placed cymbial dorso-basal process, bulb with disto-median process of tegulum, embolus with short, tubular distal half, apico-retrolaterally placed embolic base, larger tegulum,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825AC535BFBCB2EB7B4" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[256,368,188,213]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">epigynum</taxonomicName>
|
||
with broad sclerotized plate having posterior extension, copulatory openings lie proximal to the epigynal plate and female internal genitalia with long, tubular fertilization ducts (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4080825A9D65B98CF5DB799" box="[1157,1283,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">Figs 8A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4080825A85D5BA7CF0DB799" box="[1294,1363,224,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,448,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,419,1687]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D Internal genitalia, dorsal.Scale bars A–B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065184/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">9A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4080825A80D5BA7CAF0B67D" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">10A– D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4080825ADEA5A43CB76B67D" box="[185,296,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">11A–B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
with 21A–G). Based on these observations we consider the transfer of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825A91B5A42CE80B67D" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1096,1246,261,284]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825A91B5A42CE80B67D" box="[1096,1246,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">O. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825A8515A43CF00B67C" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[1282,1374,260,285]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825A8515A43CF00B67C" box="[1282,1374,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
fully justified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0144CCF4050828ADC45CE9C918B082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065172/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="301" targetBox="[179,1417,207,1928]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F4050828ADC45CE9C918B082" blockId="7.[151,1435,1966,2019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="301">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4050828ADC45CE9CB60B0A2" bold="true" box="[151,318,1966,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="301">FIGURE 3A–F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4050828AC175CE9CB8DB0A5" authority="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian, 2017" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[324,467,1966,1988]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4050828AC175CE9CB8DB0A5" box="[324,467,1966,1988]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="301">Tylorida flava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4050828AC8A5CE8C877B0A5" box="[473,553,1967,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="301" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4050828AC8A5CE8C877B0A5" bold="true" box="[473,553,1967,1988]" pageId="7" pageNumber="301">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A–C Subadult male habitus: A dorsal; B ventral; C retrolateral; D–F female habitus: D dorsal; E ventral; F retrolateral. Scale bars A–C, 1 mm; D–F, 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0144CCF40A0827ADC45C1FC930B089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065174/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="302" targetBox="[199,1406,209,1844]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F40A0827ADC45C1FC930B089" blockId="8.[151,1436,1880,2024]" pageId="8" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40A0827ADC45C1FCB19B00C" bold="true" box="[151,327,1880,1902]" pageId="8" pageNumber="302">FIGURE 4A–H.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F40A0827AC1D5C1FCB80B00F" authority="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian, 2017" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[334,478,1880,1902]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="8" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flava" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40A0827AC1D5C1FCB80B00F" box="[334,478,1880,1902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="302">Tylorida flava</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF40A0827ACB65C1FC869B00C" box="[485,567,1880,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="302" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40A0827ACB65C1FC869B00C" bold="true" box="[485,567,1880,1901]" pageId="8" pageNumber="302">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
. A Subadult male prosoma, retrolateral; B Female prosoma, retrolateral; C Subadult male left chelicera, prolateral; D Female left chelicera, prolateral; E–F
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F40A0827AED95C31C9A8B0ED" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[906,1014,1910,1932]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="8" pageNumber="302" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Epigynum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ventral; G–H Internal female genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, ll lateral lobe of the postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, ml median lobe of the postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb. Scale bars A–B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; E–H 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0144CCF40B0826ADC45CE8CE87B082" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065176/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="303" targetBox="[233,1353,204,1937]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F40B0826ADC45CE8CE87B082" blockId="9.[151,1436,1967,2019]" pageId="9" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40B0826ADC45CE8CB1EB0A5" bold="true" box="[151,320,1967,1989]" pageId="9" pageNumber="303">FIGURE 5A–F.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F40B0826AC195CE8C8EBB0A4" authority="(Pocock, 1901)" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[330,693,1967,1989]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="9" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40B0826AC195CE8C84EB0A4" box="[330,528,1967,1989]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="303">Tylorida marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
(Pocock, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF40B0826AFED5CE8C96AB0A5" box="[702,820,1967,1988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40B0826AFED5CE8C96AB0A5" bold="true" box="[702,820,1967,1988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="303">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Ponmudi (High altitude form). A–C Male habitus: A dorsal; B ventral; C prolateral; D–F Female habitus: D dorsal; E ventral; F prolateral. Scale bar A–F, 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F4080825AD945A0BC866B4E1" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AD945A0BCE39B604" bold="true" box="[199,1127,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
Justification of the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825AF0F5A0BC8B0B604" authorityName="Zhu, Wu & Song" authorityYear="2002" box="[604,750,332,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AF0F5A0BC8B0B604" bold="true" box="[604,750,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. cylindrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825AE695A0BC991B602" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[826,975,332,355]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AE695A0BC991B602" bold="true" box="[826,975,332,355]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4080825AE8F5A0BCE05B604" box="[988,1115,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">comb. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
..
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4080825A9215A0ACF59B605" author="Wang" box="[1138,1287,332,357]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" refString="Wang, J. F. (1991) On the spiders of the family Tetragnathidae in south China (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 16, 153 - 162." type="journal article" year="1991">Wang (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825A8D45A0ACB54B6E9" authorityName="Zhu, Wu & Song" authorityYear="2002" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825A8D45A0ACB54B6E9" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. cylindrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BADAA6F4080825AC245A37C872B6E9" box="[375,556,367,392]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">Hunan Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36954D4F4080825AF035A28C8CDB6E9" box="[592,659,367,392]" name="China" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
based on
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D78DFCDF4080825AE505A37C92CB6E9" box="[771,882,367,392]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" type="female">17 female</specimenCount>
|
||
and seven male specimens. The species was later redescribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4080825AC125AD3C838B6CD" box="[321,614,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" refString="Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei University of Science and Techology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp." type="book">Song, Zhu & Chen (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4080825AF225AD3C9DDB6CD" box="[625,899,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" refString="Zhu, M. S., Wu, C. & Song, D. X. (2002) A revision of the Chinese species of the genus Tylorida (Araneae: Tetragnathidae). Acta Arachnologica Sinica, 11, 25 - 32." type="journal article">Zhu, Wu & Song (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4080825AEDD5AD3CEF6B6CD" box="[910,1192,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" refString="Zhu, M. S., Song, D. X. & Zhang, J. X. (2003) Fauna Sinica: Invertebrata. Vol. 35. Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae. Science Press, Beijing, vii + 418 pp." type="book">Zhu, Song, Zhang (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4080825A98D5AD3CFC6B6CD" box="[1246,1432,404,429]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" refString="Yin, C. M., Peng, X. J., Yan, H. M., Bao, Y. H., Xu, X., Tang, G., Zhou, Q. S. & Liu, P. (2012) Fauna Hunan: Araneae in Hunan, China. Hunan Science and Technology Press, Changsha, 1590 pp." type="book">
|
||
Yin
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825A85F5AD2CF1AB6CC" box="[1292,1348,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The illustrations of pedipalp,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825ACAA5AF0C837B6B1" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[505,617,439,464]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">epigynum</taxonomicName>
|
||
and female internal genitalia of this species match exactly with the genitalic features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825ACD95A9AC842B695" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[394,540,477,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825ACD95A9AC842B695" box="[394,540,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4080825AF7A5A9BC8F0B694" box="[553,686,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AF7A5A9BC8F0B694" bold="true" box="[553,686,476,501]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
including size and shape of paracymbium, cymbial dorso-basal process, tegulum, subtegulum, embolus, embolic base, epigynal plate and copulatory ducts, course of sperm duct, shape and length of conductor and shape and orientation of fertilization ducts (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4080825A9275963CEACB55D" box="[1140,1266,548,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">Figs 8A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4080825A9AD5963CF0DB55D" box="[1278,1363,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">10A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4080825A80C5963CAF9B53E" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">11A– F</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4080825ADB4590FCB34B501" author="Wang" box="[231,362,584,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" refString="Wang, J. F. (1991) On the spiders of the family Tetragnathidae in south China (Arachnida: Araneae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 16, 153 - 162." type="journal article" year="1991">Wang 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 22–23;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4080825ACAF590FC94DB501" author="Song" box="[508,787,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" refString="Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei University of Science and Techology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp." type="book" year="1999">Song, Zhu & Chen 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1C–D, G–H). The male chelicerae illustrated for this species are similar with the male chelicerae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825AFF1592AC971B5E5" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[674,815,621,644]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AFF1592AC971B5E5" box="[674,815,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4080825AE64592BC9E9B5E4" box="[823,951,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AE64592BC9E9B5E4" bold="true" box="[823,951,620,645]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
as both possess three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth and one retromarginal tubercle (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4080825AE1359C8C99AB5C9" box="[832,964,655,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">Fig. 12A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4080825A95059D7CF46B5C9" author="Song" box="[1027,1304,655,680]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" refString="Song, D. X., Zhu, M. S. & Chen, J. (1999) The Spiders of China. Hebei University of Science and Techology Publishing House, Shijiazhuang, 640 pp." type="book" year="1999">Song, Zhu & Chen 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1E–F). The shape of the retromarginal tubercle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825AF2759F2C95CB5AC" authorityName="Zhu, Wu & Song" authorityYear="2002" box="[628,770,692,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AF2759F2C95CB5AC" box="[628,770,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. cylindrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
varies slightly from the shape of the retromarginal tubercle of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825ADE4599ECB18B591" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[183,326,729,752]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825ADE4599ECB18B591" box="[183,326,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4080825AC015990CB8AB591" box="[338,468,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AC015990CB8AB591" bold="true" box="[338,468,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, which is possibly due to errors in illustration.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825AEA45990CE82B591" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" box="[1015,1244,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" rank="subSpecies" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="marmorea">
|
||
Unlike
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825A91E599ECE82B591" box="[1101,1244,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4080825A9B45990CF34B591" box="[1255,1386,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825A9B45990CF34B591" bold="true" box="[1255,1386,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, the female opisthosoma of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825ACCF59BAC875B474" authorityName="Zhu, Wu & Song" authorityYear="2002" box="[412,555,764,789]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825ACCF59BAC875B474" box="[412,555,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. cylindrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is provided with a caudal tubercle and the epigynal plate has slight mid-lateral protrutions, but all these may attribute to intraspecific variations, which is a common phenomenon in the genus (see below). Based on these observations, we consider the decision to regard
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825AEBC5802CE23B43C" authorityName="Zhu, Wu & Song" authorityYear="2002" box="[1007,1149,836,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cylindrata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AEBC5802CE23B43C" box="[1007,1149,836,861]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. cylindrata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825A8D45802CB55B4E1" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825A8D45802CB55B4E1" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AC425820CBCCB4E1" bold="true" box="[273,402,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4080825AC425820CBCCB4E1" box="[273,402,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
fully justified.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0144CCF4080825ADC45DAACE41B043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065178/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" targetBox="[163,1423,966,1735]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F4080825ADC45DAACE41B043" blockId="10.[151,1435,1773,1826]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825ADC45DAACB1AB063" bold="true" box="[151,324,1773,1795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">FIGURE 6A–D.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825AC195DAAC8F0B062" authority="(Pocock, 1901)" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[330,686,1773,1795]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AC195DAAC850B062" box="[330,526,1773,1795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">Tylorida marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
(Pocock, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4080825AFE65DAAC976B063" box="[693,808,1773,1794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AFE65DAAC976B063" bold="true" box="[693,808,1773,1794]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Akambadam (Low altitude form). A–B Male habitus: A dorsal; B prolateral; C–D Female habitus: C dorsal; D retrolateral. Scale bar A–D, 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F4080824AD945C09CA91B576" blockId="10.[151,1436,1870,2003]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1436,151,536]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="305" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AD945C09CE0EB006" bold="true" box="[199,1104,1870,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">
|
||
Justification of the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825AF1F5C08C8B4B006" authorityName="Kulkarni" authorityYear="2014" box="[588,746,1870,1895]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sataraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AF1F5C08C8B4B006" bold="true" box="[588,746,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. sataraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825AE7E5C08C9E1B007" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[813,959,1871,1894]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825AE7E5C08C9E1B007" bold="true" box="[813,959,1871,1894]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4080825AE9A5C09CE1AB006" box="[969,1092,1870,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">comb. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
..
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4080825A90B5C09CF50B006" author="Kulkarni" box="[1112,1294,1870,1895]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" refString="Kulkarni, S. (2014) A new species of the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from a rocky outcrop in the northern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6, 5558 - 5561. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3606.5558 - 61" type="journal article" year="2014">Kulkarni (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825A8D45C08CB49B0EB" authorityName="Kulkarni" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sataraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825A8D45C08CB49B0EB" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. sataraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on female specimens collected from the rocky outcrop of Chalkewadi in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BADAA6F4080825A9B85C35CF29B0EA" box="[1259,1399,1906,1931]" country="India" name="Maharashtra" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">Maharashtra</collectingRegion>
|
||
of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36954D4F4080825ADAE5CD1CB64B0CE" box="[253,314,1942,1967]" name="India" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Its male sex was described by Kulkarni and Lewis in 2015. Although we did not examine the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C5AAE6F4080825A83F5CD0CFC2B0CE" box="[1388,1436,1943,1967]" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4080825ADE55CFBCB0CB0B2" authorityName="Kulkarni" authorityYear="2014" box="[182,338,1980,2003]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="10" pageNumber="304" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sataraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4080825ADE55CFBCB0CB0B2" box="[182,338,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="304">T. sataraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the images of genitalia of this species are available in the literature to facilitate its identification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824ADCD5BD0CB17B7D1" author="Kulkarni" box="[158,329,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Kulkarni, S. (2014) A new species of the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from a rocky outcrop in the northern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6, 5558 - 5561. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3606.5558 - 61" type="journal article" year="2014">Kulkarni 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824AC0A5BD0C82DB7D1" author="Kulkarni" box="[345,627,151,176]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Kulkarni, S. S. & Lewis, T. R. (2015) Description of male Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3 (e 4451), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 3. e 4451" type="journal article" year="2015">Kulkarni & Lewis 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Detailed comparison of the pedipalp and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824A93E5BD0CE83B7D1" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[1133,1245,151,176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">epigynum</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824A85A5BDECFC4B7D1" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1289,1434,153,176]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824A85A5BDECFC4B7D1" box="[1289,1434,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4090824ADC45BFBCB49B7B4" box="[151,279,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824ADC45BFBCB49B7B4" bold="true" box="[151,279,188,213]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
with the images of the genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824AFF05BFAC963B7B5" authorityName="Kulkarni" authorityYear="2014" box="[675,829,189,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sataraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AFF05BFAC963B7B5" box="[675,829,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">T. sataraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824AE905BFACE03B7B5" authorityName="Kulkarni" authorityYear="2014" box="[963,1117,189,212]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sataraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AE905BFACE03B7B5" box="[963,1117,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">T. sataraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is similar in all aspects with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824ADC45BA6CB70B799" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[151,302,225,248]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824ADC45BA6CB70B799" box="[151,302,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4090824AC6F5B98CB9DB799" box="[316,451,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AC6F5B98CB9DB799" bold="true" box="[316,451,223,248]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
including the shape and orientation of conductor and embolus, the shape of the paracymbium and the cymbial dorso-basal process, shape of epigynal plate, shape of spermathecae and copulatory ducts (compare
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4090824AC195A60CB96B621" box="[330,456,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">Figs 8A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4090824AC865A6FC842B621" box="[469,540,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,448,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,419,1687]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D Internal genitalia, dorsal.Scale bars A–B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065184/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">9A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4090824AF7B5A6FC822B621" box="[552,636,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">10A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F4090824AFDB5A6FC88BB621" box="[648,725,296,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">11A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824AE455A60C9E3B621" author="Kulkarni" box="[790,957,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Kulkarni, S. (2014) A new species of the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from a rocky outcrop in the northern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6, 5558 - 5561. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3606.5558 - 61" type="journal article" year="2014">Kulkarni 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: images 4–5;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824A9045A60CF39B621" author="Kulkarni" box="[1111,1383,295,320]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Kulkarni, S. S. & Lewis, T. R. (2015) Description of male Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3 (e 4451), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 3. e 4451" type="journal article" year="2015">Kulkarni & Lewis 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 1b, 2b, 3b, 4, 5b). Though the pedipalp and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824AFC05A0BC95DB604" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[659,771,332,357]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">epigynum</taxonomicName>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824AE7F5A0AC9E0B605" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[812,958,333,356]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AE7F5A0AC9E0B605" box="[812,958,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4090824AE955A0BCE17B604" box="[966,1097,332,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AE955A0BCE17B604" bold="true" box="[966,1097,332,357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
differ slightly from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824A8D45A0ACB49B6E9" authorityName="Kulkarni" authorityYear="2014" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sataraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824A8D45A0ACB49B6E9" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">T. sataraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its size, size and orientation of distal part of embolus, position and orientation of disto-median process of tegulum, number and nature of course of loops of sperm duct and shape of epigynal plate, these differences, which we consider as intraspecific variation (see below), are little and less evident to separate it as a different species. The species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824ACBB5A9AC8DAB695" authorityName="Kulkarni" authorityYear="2014" box="[488,644,477,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sataraensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824ACBB5A9AC8DAB695" box="[488,644,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">T. sataraensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should thus be considered as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824A9EE5A9ACF13B695" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[1213,1357,477,500]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824A9EE5A9ACF13B695" box="[1213,1357,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">T. marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4090824A8075A9BCA96B579" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824A8075A9BCA96B579" bold="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0144CCF4090824ADC45EA9C8C0B101" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065180/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" targetBox="[187,1416,605,1454]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F4090824ADC45EA9C8C0B101" blockId="11.[151,1436,1518,1632]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824ADC45EA9CB60B162" bold="true" box="[151,318,1518,1540]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">FIGURE 7A–I.</emphasis>
|
||
Male left leg I of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824AF515EA9C806B165" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1894" box="[514,600,1518,1540]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AF515EA9C806B165" box="[514,600,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">Tylorida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. A–C
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824AF995EA9CE6BB165" authority="(Pocock, 1901)" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[714,1077,1518,1540]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AF995EA9C9CFB165" box="[714,913,1518,1540]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">Tylorida marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
(Pocock, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4090824A96D5EA9CEEAB162" box="[1086,1204,1518,1539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824A96D5EA9CEEAB162" bold="true" box="[1086,1204,1518,1539]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
: A tibia, prolateral; B metatarsus, prolateral; C tarsus, prolateral; D–F
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824AFD25D4BC99AB143" authority="(Thorell, 1877)" authorityName="" authorityYear="1877" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[641,964,1548,1570]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="striata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AFD25D4BC941B143" box="[641,799,1548,1570]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">Tylorida striata</emphasis>
|
||
(Thorell, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: D tibia, prolateral; E metatarsus, prolateral; F tarsus, prolateral; G–I
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824AC285D6CC88BB120" authority="(Thorell, 1877)" authorityName=", Dr A. V. Sudhikumar and Mr Nafin K. S." authorityYear="1877" baseAuthorityName="Thorell" baseAuthorityYear="1877" box="[379,725,1579,1601]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ventralis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AC285D6CC86EB120" box="[379,560,1579,1601]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">Tylorida ventralis</emphasis>
|
||
(Thorell, 1877)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: G tibia, prolateral; H metatarsus, prolateral; I tarsus, prolateral. Scale bars A–C, E, H, I, 0.5 mm; D, G, 1 mm; F, 0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C36447CFF4090822AD945DCBCB83B605" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F4090824AD945DCBCE4AB088" blockId="11.[151,1436,1676,2025]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AD945DCBC84AB1C4" bold="true" box="[199,532,1676,1701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">Biology and natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F4090824AF485DCBC8AAB1C4" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[539,756,1676,1701]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AF485DCBC8AAB1C4" box="[539,756,1676,1701]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">Tylorida marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF4090824AFA95DCBC924B1C4" box="[762,890,1676,1701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F4090824AFA95DCBC924B1C4" bold="true" box="[762,890,1676,1701]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
builds its large orb-webs above the course of the streams or water-logging areas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824AF435DF7C8EDB1A8" author="Gravely" box="[528,691,1712,1737]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1915) Notes on Habits of Indian Insects Myriapods and Arachnids. Records of the Indian Museum, XI, 483 - 539." type="book chapter" year="1915">Gravely 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824AF905DF6C8A0B1A8" author="Gravely" box="[707,766,1713,1737]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1921) Some Indian spiders of the subfamily Tetragnathinae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 22, 423 - 459." type="journal article" year="1921">1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824AE5D5DF7C9E7B1A8" author="Kulkarni" box="[782,953,1712,1737]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Kulkarni, S. (2014) A new species of the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from a rocky outcrop in the northern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6, 5558 - 5561. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3606.5558 - 61" type="journal article" year="2014">Kulkarni 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present data). The webs are constructed horizontally to the water body (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824AF575D93C91FB18C" author="Gravely" box="[516,833,1748,1773]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1915) Notes on Habits of Indian Insects Myriapods and Arachnids. Records of the Indian Museum, XI, 483 - 539." type="book chapter" year="1915">Gravely 1915; present data</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This species is notable for its colonial aggregation (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824ADCD5DBFCB83B070" author="Gravely" box="[158,477,1784,1809]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1915) Notes on Habits of Indian Insects Myriapods and Arachnids. Records of the Indian Museum, XI, 483 - 539." type="book chapter" year="1915">Gravely 1915; present data</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Members of the species were found to occur in colonies of 6-10 members. Each colony consisted of several webs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824AF485C5BC90CB054" author="Gravely" box="[539,850,1820,1845]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1915) Notes on Habits of Indian Insects Myriapods and Arachnids. Records of the Indian Museum, XI, 483 - 539." type="book chapter" year="1915">Gravely 1915; present data</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the number of which depends upon the number of individual members of the colony (Sankaran pers. obs.). Adult and subadult individuals of both sexes were found to occur in the same colony. It is not confirmed whether this species is exclusively a colonial or solitary one, which needs further investigation. The species is also remarkable for its ‘dive and thrive’ behaviour to escape from danger (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824ADCD5CEBCB1DB0A4" author="Gravely" box="[158,323,1964,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1915) Notes on Habits of Indian Insects Myriapods and Arachnids. Records of the Indian Museum, XI, 483 - 539." type="book chapter" year="1915">Gravely 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824AC075CEACBD1B0A4" author="Gravely" box="[340,399,1965,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1921) Some Indian spiders of the subfamily Tetragnathinae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 22, 423 - 459." type="journal article" year="1921">1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824ACF25CEBC813B0A4" author="Kulkarni" box="[417,589,1964,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Kulkarni, S. (2014) A new species of the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from a rocky outcrop in the northern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6, 5558 - 5561. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3606.5558 - 61" type="journal article" year="2014">Kulkarni 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F4090824AF0C5CEBC9DFB0A4" author="Kulkarni" box="[607,897,1964,1989]" pageId="11" pageNumber="305" refString="Kulkarni, S. S. & Lewis, T. R. (2015) Description of male Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3 (e 4451), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 3. e 4451" type="journal article" year="2015">Kulkarni & Lewis 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present data), which may correlate with the selection of sites (above streams and water-logging areas) for web construction.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0144CCF40E0823ADC45D07C916B1F2" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="306" targetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F40E0823ADC45D07C916B1F2" blockId="12.[151,1436,1600,1683]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40E0823ADC45D07CB16B134" bold="true" box="[151,328,1600,1622]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">FIGURE 8A–H.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F40E0823AC025D07C8E0B137" authority="(Pocock, 1901)" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[337,702,1600,1622]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40E0823AC025D07C847B137" box="[337,537,1600,1622]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">Tylorida marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
(Pocock, 1901)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF40E0823AF9B5D07C961B134" box="[712,831,1600,1621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40E0823AF9B5D07C961B134" bold="true" box="[712,831,1600,1621]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal. Scale bar A–H, 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC11444F40E0822AD945DFCCB83B605" blockId="12.[151,1437,1723,2036]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,151,357]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="307" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40E0823AD945DFCCB87B1B5" bold="true" box="[199,473,1723,1748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">Intraspecific variation.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F40E0823ACB35DFCC8E4B1B2" authorityName="Sankaran & Malamel & Joseph & Sebastian" authorityYear="2017" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1901" box="[480,698,1723,1748]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetragnathidae" genus="Tylorida" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="12" pageNumber="306" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marmorea" status="comb. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40E0823ACB35DFCC8E4B1B2" box="[480,698,1723,1748]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">Tylorida marmorea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A239752DF40E0823AF925DFCC91FB1B5" box="[705,833,1723,1748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90AC856F40E0823AF925DFCC91FB1B5" bold="true" box="[705,833,1723,1748]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">comb. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is found to live in both low and high altitude habitats (
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F40E0823ADCC5D99CB7FB196" box="[159,289,1758,1783]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.629999999999999" metricValueMax="18.85" metricValueMin="0.41" pageId="12" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="963.0" valueMax="1885.0" valueMin="41.0">41–1885 m</quantity>
|
||
alt.) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F40E0823AC365D99C85AB196" author="Gravely" box="[357,516,1758,1783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1915) Notes on Habits of Indian Insects Myriapods and Arachnids. Records of the Indian Museum, XI, 483 - 539." type="book chapter" year="1915">Gravely 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F40E0823AF425D98C812B196" author="Gravely" box="[529,588,1759,1783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306" refString="Gravely, F. H. (1921) Some Indian spiders of the subfamily Tetragnathinae. Records of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 22, 423 - 459." type="journal article" year="1921">1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F40E0823AF0A5D99C95EB196" author="Kulkarni" box="[601,768,1758,1783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306" refString="Kulkarni, S. (2014) A new species of the genus Tylorida Simon, 1894 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) from a rocky outcrop in the northern Western Ghats, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 6, 5558 - 5561. https: // doi. org / 10.11609 / JoTT. o 3606.5558 - 61" type="journal article" year="2014">Kulkarni 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEF69B5F40E0823AE5E5D99CE41B196" author="Kulkarni" box="[781,1055,1758,1783]" pageId="12" pageNumber="306" refString="Kulkarni, S. S. & Lewis, T. R. (2015) Description of male Tylorida sataraensis Kulkarni, 2014 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) with notes on habits and conservation status. Biodiversity Data Journal, 3 (e 4451), 1 - 11. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 3. e 4451" type="journal article" year="2015">Kulkarni & Lewis 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present data). We have collected this species from both low (
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F40E0823AC9C5C44C854B07A" box="[463,522,1795,1819]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="12" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="41.0">41 m</quantity>
|
||
alt.) and high altitude (
|
||
<quantity id="4C86B9A1F40E0823AE435C44C9C1B07A" box="[784,927,1795,1820]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4025" metricValueMax="1.885" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="12" pageNumber="306" unit="m" value="1402.5" valueMax="1885.0" valueMin="920.0">920–1885 m</quantity>
|
||
alt.) habitats. Specimens collected from high altitude habitats (from Ponmudi, Vagamon and Anamudi foothills) were found to be larger in size (male body length 12.67–13.8, female body length 14.14–16.25) than the specimens located at low altitude habitats (from Akambadam) (male body length 9.40, female body length 10.18–11.47) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F40E0823AE9F5C29CE1BB0E6" box="[972,1093,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,204,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[219,1372,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov. from Ponmudi (High altitude form). A–C Male habitus: A dorsal; B ventral; C prolateral; D–F Female habitus:D dorsal; E ventral; F prolateral.Scale bar A–F,2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065176/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">Figs 5A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F40E0823A9035C29CEC7B0E6" box="[1104,1177,1902,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,966,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,949,1752]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE6A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock,1901) comb.nov. from Akambadam (Low altitude form).A–B Male habitus:A dorsal; B prolateral; C–D Femalehabitus:C dorsal; D retrolateral. Scale bar A–D, 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065178/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">6A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Specimens from high altitude habitats were larger in body size and darker in body colouration than those from low altitude habitats, which were smaller in body size and lighter in body colouration (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F40E0823AE3F5CF1C9BBB0AE" box="[876,997,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1967,1989]" captionTargetBox="[233,1353,204,1937]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[219,1372,193,1949]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov. from Ponmudi (High altitude form). A–C Male habitus: A dorsal; B ventral; C prolateral; D–F Female habitus:D dorsal; E ventral; F prolateral.Scale bar A–F,2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065176/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">Figs 5A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F40E0823AEA35CF1CE66B0AE" box="[1008,1080,1974,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1773,1795]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,966,1735]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,949,1752]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE6A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock,1901) comb.nov. from Akambadam (Low altitude form).A–B Male habitus:A dorsal; B prolateral; C–D Femalehabitus:C dorsal; D retrolateral. Scale bar A–D, 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065178/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="306">6A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The male and female genitalia of specimens from both high and low altitudes show slight variations in size, course of sperm duct, shape and orientation of embolus, size and position of disto-median triangular process of tegulum, shape of epigynal plate, copulatory duct, spermathecal bulb and orientation of fertilization duct (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F40F0822AE945BFBCE08B7B5" box="[967,1110,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1562,1584]" captionTargetBox="[218,1381,203,1547]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[206,1392,185,1553]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 10A–I. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–I Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G & I retrolateral; H dorsal.Abbreviations: C conductor,CDBP cymbial dorso-basal process, dmtT distomediantriangular process of tegulum, E embolus,EB embolicbase, P paracymbium, ST subtegulum, T tegulum, Tr trochanter. Scale bar A–I, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065186/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="307">Figs 10A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F40F0822A9315BFBCEEDB7B5" box="[1122,1203,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1919,1941]" captionTargetBox="[226,1370,666,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[204,1392,647,1902]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 11A–F. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B, E Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B & E Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D, F Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D & F Internal genitalia, dorsal. Abbreviations: CD copulatory duct, EP epigynal plate, FD fertilization duct, pEP postero-median lobe of epigynal plate, SB spermathecal bulb.Scale bar A–F, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065188/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="307">11A–F</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, the male chelicerae of both high and low altitude specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F40F0822AE5B5B98C9C7B799" box="[776,921,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1073,1095]" captionTargetBox="[168,1421,214,1028]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[151,1436,193,1052]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 12A–K. Left chelicerae of Tylorida spp. and Orsinome cf. vethi (Hasselt, 1882). A–E Left chelicerae of Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov.: A Male (High altitude form), prolateral; B Female (High altitude form), prolateral; C Male (Low altitude form), prolateral; D Female (Low altitude form), prolateral; E Orginal drawings of male and female cheliceraeadopted from Gravely(1921) without modification; F–G Left chelicerae of Tylorida striata (Thorell, 1877):F Male, retrolateral; G Female, prolateral; H–I Left chelicerae of Tylorida ventralis (Thorell, 1877): H Male, prolateral, arrow indicates tiny tubercle; I Female,ventro-retrolateral;J–K Left cheliceraeof Orsinome cf.vethi: J Male, retrolateral; K Female,prolateral. Scale bars A–B, H–I, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm; F–G, 0.2 mm; J–K, 0.5 mm; E, not to scale." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065190/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="307">Fig. 12A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) are the same indicating that all the above mentioned variations are mere intraspecific and infact both belong to the same species. It is notable that specimens from high altitude habitats have relatively large pedipalp and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7E6FC7F40F0822AE315A60C98CB621" authorityName="R. Wight" authorityYear="1848" box="[866,978,295,320]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Apocynaceae" genus="Epigynum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Gentianales" pageId="13" pageNumber="307" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">epigynum</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to that from the low altitude habitats (
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F40F0822ADAE5A0BCB22B605" box="[253,380,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1600,1622]" captionTargetBox="[166,1418,221,1564]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,193,1579]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8A–H. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., male left pedipalp. A–D Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A prolateral; B ventral; C retrolateral; D dorsal; E–H Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): E prolateral; F ventral; G retrolateral; H dorsal.Scale bar A–H, 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065182/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="307">Figs 8A–H</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="134508C1F40F0822ACDB5A0BCB8FB605" box="[392,465,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1723,1745]" captionTargetBox="[187,1419,448,1670]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,419,1687]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9A–D. Tylorida marmorea (Pocock, 1901) comb. nov., female genitalia. A–B Specimen from Ponmudi (High altitude form): A Epigynum, ventral; B Internal genitalia, dorsal; C–D Specimen from Akambadam (Low altitude form): C Epigynum, ventral; D Internal genitalia, dorsal.Scale bars A–B, 1 mm; C–D, 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1065184/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="307">9A–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |