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<mods:title id="E5C0DFE727BECFAAB08B222898E4A673">The genus Toyoides Matsumura (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Delphacidae): new combination and lectotype designations</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="52AF124C83FBFB80C0550D1F48082752">Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. &amp; Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture &amp; Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.</mods:affiliation>
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<paragraph id="8BA8793D6927FF85FF0DFB59113410E0" blockId="1.[151,573,1211,1238]" box="[151,573,1211,1238]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
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Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6927FF85FF74FB5E113410E0" ID-CoL="7Y6P" authority="Matsumura, 1935" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[238,573,1211,1238]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6927FF85FF74FB5E125E10E0" bold="true" box="[238,343,1211,1238]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Toyoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FEC5FB59113410E0" author="Matsumura, S." box="[351,573,1212,1238]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="8BA8793D6927FF85FF0DFB1710AF113C" blockId="1.[151,934,1266,1351]" box="[151,934,1266,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<typeStatus id="54ACC79F6927FF85FF0DFB1713C0113C" box="[151,201,1266,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6927FF85FEBCFB1711A2113C" authority="Matsumura, 1935" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[294,683,1266,1290]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipennis">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6927FF85FEBCFB1712F9113C" box="[294,496,1266,1290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Toyoides albipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FE6CFB1711A2113C" author="Matsumura, S." box="[502,683,1266,1290]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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, by original designation.
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<paragraph id="8BA8793D6927FF85FF0DFAF51183111F" blockId="1.[151,934,1266,1351]" box="[151,650,1296,1321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB075E136927FF85FF0DFAF51183111F" box="[151,650,1296,1321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6927FF85FF0DFAF512DA111F" author="Matsumura, S." box="[151,467,1296,1321]" page="78" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" year="1935">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6927FF85FF0DFAF512DA111F" ID-CoL="7Y6P" authority="Matsumura, 1935: 78" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,467,1296,1321]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6927FF85FF0DFAF513F9111E" box="[151,240,1296,1320]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Toyoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FF6DFAF412DA111F" author="Matsumura, S." box="[247,467,1296,1321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935: 78</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6927FF85FE47FAF5118F111F" author="Ding, J. H." box="[477,646,1296,1321]" page="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FE47FAF5118F111F" author="Ding, J. H." box="[477,646,1296,1321]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refId="ref5446" refString="Ding, J. H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Fauna Sinica. Science Press, Beijing, China, 776 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ding, 2006: 303</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB075E136927FF85FF0DFACA111E1171" box="[151,535,1327,1351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6927FF85FF0DFACA12CE1171" author="Matsumura, S." box="[151,455,1327,1351]" page="77" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" year="1935">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6927FF85FF0DFACA12CE1171" ID-CoL="4DL6" authority="Matsumura, 1935: 77" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityPageNumber="77" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,455,1327,1351]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Epunka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6927FF85FF0DFACA13ED1171" box="[151,228,1327,1351]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Epunka</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FF71FAD512CE1171" author="Matsumura, S." box="[235,455,1327,1351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935: 77</bibRefCitation>
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.
<emphasis id="B963A52F6927FF85FE4BFACA111E1171" bold="true" box="[465,535,1327,1351]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">syn. n.</emphasis>
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<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66927FF85FF0DFA90167011CD" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6927FF85FF0DFA90167011CD" blockId="1.[151,1437,1397,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6927FF85FF0DFA90121B11B9" bold="true" box="[151,274,1397,1423]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Distinguished by other genera frons with median carina forked above level of upper margin of eyes (
<figureCitation id="132C65B86927FF85FAF0FA9013B01185" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,477,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-420@3.[151,1436,502,1460]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Toyoides albipennis Matsumura. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. ditto, lateral view; C. frons, ventral view; D. right hind leg with spur; E. lectotype labels. Abbreviations: f, front; b, back. Scale bar: AB: 1.0 mm; CD: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239599/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132C65B86927FF85FF5CFA7C13E21185" box="[198,235,1433,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,678,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-252@4.[151,1436,669,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lectotype and paralectotype of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. lectotype, habitus, lateral view; C. ditto, frons, ventral view; D. ditto, right hind leg with spur; E. lectotype and paralectotype labels. Abbreviations: f, front; b, back. Scale bar: AB: 1.0 mm; CD: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239601/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">2C</figureCitation>
); anal segment with one pair of spinosus processes protrudes caudally (
<figureCitation id="132C65B86927FF85FB8BFA7C17981185" box="[1041,1169,1433,1459]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[151,1436,181,1506]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. genitalia, caudal view; B. ditto, lateral view; C. anal segment, caudal view; D. ditto, lateral view; E. pygofer, caudal view; F. ditto, lateral view; G. genital styles, caudoventral view; H. ditto, lateral view; I. aedeagus with suspensorium, left-lateral view; J. aedeagus without suspensorium, dorsal view; K. suspensorium. Scale bar: AB, EF: 0.5 mm; CD, GH: 0.3 mm; IK: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239605/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Figs 4CD</figureCitation>
); genital styles forceps-shaped, converging apically (
<figureCitation id="132C65B86927FF85FE41FA58115311E1" box="[475,602,1469,1495]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[151,1436,181,1506]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. genitalia, caudal view; B. ditto, lateral view; C. anal segment, caudal view; D. ditto, lateral view; E. pygofer, caudal view; F. ditto, lateral view; G. genital styles, caudoventral view; H. ditto, lateral view; I. aedeagus with suspensorium, left-lateral view; J. aedeagus without suspensorium, dorsal view; K. suspensorium. Scale bar: AB, EF: 0.5 mm; CD, GH: 0.3 mm; IK: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239605/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Figs 4A, G</figureCitation>
); aedeagus hook-shaped, upper process longer than lower distinctly, curved ventrally; suspensorium ring-shaped, length longer than width visibly, fused at middle of aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="132C65B86927FF85FB6CFA04166511CD" box="[1270,1388,1505,1531]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[151,1436,181,1506]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. genitalia, caudal view; B. ditto, lateral view; C. anal segment, caudal view; D. ditto, lateral view; E. pygofer, caudal view; F. ditto, lateral view; G. genital styles, caudoventral view; H. ditto, lateral view; I. aedeagus with suspensorium, left-lateral view; J. aedeagus without suspensorium, dorsal view; K. suspensorium. Scale bar: AB, EF: 0.5 mm; CD, GH: 0.3 mm; IK: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239605/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Figs 4I, K</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66927FF85FF5DF9E011E713B1" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6927FF85FF5DF9E011E713B1" blockId="1.[151,1437,1397,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6927FF85FF5DF9E0127C1229" bold="true" box="[199,373,1541,1567]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Redescription.</emphasis>
Recognized by body length
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, large and macropterous taxon; general coloration of body light green to brown; wings hyaline or brown.Head narrower than pronotum, in lateral view head anteriorly projecting, appearing slightly upcurved; carinae of vertex other vertex carinae visible. Frons parallel, narrower between below level of eyes; median carina forked above level of upper margin of eyes; vertex much longer than wide; antennae cylindrical; segment II nearly two times longer than segment I; segment II with several sensory pits; lateral ocelli not visible, near anteroventral margin of compound eye. Lateral carinae of pronotum not reaching posterior margin. Hind tibiae with one lateral spine; spur long and triangular, black-tipped teeth. Male pygofer longer than wide in lateral and caudal view; opening of pygofer semicircular. Genital styles forceps-shaped, converging and narrowing towards the apex. Aedeagus hook-shaped, overlapped with suspensorium, dividing medially and upper appendage much longer than lower. Suspensorium oval, longer than wide. Anal segment short, protruded caudally and curved to ventrally (modified from
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FE4AF88B115A13B1" author="Yang, C. T." box="[464,595,1901,1928]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refId="ref5902" refString="Yang, C. T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6. National Science Council, Taipei, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FDC5F88811EB13B1" author="Ding, J. H." box="[607,738,1901,1927]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refId="ref5446" refString="Ding, J. H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Fauna Sinica. Science Press, Beijing, China, 776 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ding, 2006</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B963A52F6927FF85FF5DF8741268139D" bold="true" box="[199,353,1937,1963]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Distribution.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F30039AD6927FF85FEF2F87412FC139A" box="[360,501,1937,1964]" name="South Korea" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FD9FF874117E139D" box="[517,631,1937,1963]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeonggi" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Gyeonggi</collectingRegion>
)
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,
<collectingCountry id="F30039AD6927FF85FD0FF87411D1139D" box="[661,728,1937,1963]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FD72F874103B139D" box="[744,818,1937,1963]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Anhui</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FCA4F8741080139D" box="[830,905,1937,1963]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FC0EF87410FE139D" box="[916,1015,1937,1963]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FB99F8771759139A" box="[1027,1104,1938,1964]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Hunan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FBC7F87417BD139D" box="[1117,1204,1937,1963]" country="China" name="Jiangsu" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Jiangsu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FB25F8741615139D" box="[1215,1308,1937,1963]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FAB2F8741699139D" box="[1320,1424,1937,1963]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F30039AD6927FF85FF0DF85313DE13E6" box="[151,215,1974,2000]" name="Japan" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FF7FF850125113F9" box="[229,344,1973,1999]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima Island),
<collectingCountry id="F30039AD6927FF85FD6DF850104013F9" box="[759,841,1973,1999]" name="Taiwan" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FCCDF85010DC13F9" box="[855,981,1973,1999]" country="Taiwan" name="Kaohsiung" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Kaohsiung</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6927FF85FC44F850172513F9" box="[990,1068,1973,1999]" country="Taiwan" name="Tainan" pageId="1" pageNumber="372">Tainan</collectingRegion>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FBDBF850160213E6" author="Matsumura, S." box="[1089,1291,1973,2000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FA8FF853169E13F9" author="Yang, C. T." box="[1301,1431,1973,2000]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refId="ref5902" refString="Yang, C. T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6. National Science Council, Taipei, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FF0DF83C121013C5" author="Ding, J. H." box="[151,281,2009,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" refId="ref5446" refString="Ding, J. H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Fauna Sinica. Science Press, Beijing, China, 776 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ding, 2006</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6927FF85FEBEF83C115313C5" author="Hayashi, M. &amp; Fujinuma, S." box="[292,602,2009,2035]" pageId="1" pageNumber="372" pagination="323 - 355" refId="ref5480" refString="Hayashi, M. &amp; Fujinuma, S. (2016) Part Fulgoromorpha. In: Entomological Society of Japan (2016) Catalogue of the insects of Japan. Vol. 4. Paraneoptera (Psocodea, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera). 4. Editorial Committee of Catalogue of the Insects of Japan, 4, pp. 323 - 355." type="journal article" year="2016">Hayashi &amp; Fujinuma, 2016</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66924FF86FF5DFF72177214CF" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DFF72177214CF" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DFF7212471487" bold="true" box="[199,334,151,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Etymology.</emphasis>
The original description does not provide the etymology (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FC64FF7217C41487" author="Matsumura, S." box="[1022,1229,150,177]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935</bibRefCitation>
); it simply states, Closely allied to
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FEF9FF5E12EE14E3" authority="DIST." authorityName="DIST." box="[355,487,187,213]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FEF9FF5E129114E2" box="[355,408,187,212]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toya</emphasis>
DIST.
</taxonomicName>
, but differs from the latter as follows: …’. It is speculated that the genus name was formed by combining
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FE00FF3A12C614CE" box="[410,463,223,248]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FE00FF3A12C614CE" box="[410,463,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with the suffix -oides (likeness), along with a Latin suffix.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66924FF86FF5DFEE612501553" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DFEE612501553" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DFEE61259152B" bold="true" box="[199,336,259,285]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Host plants.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FECCFEE61167152B" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[342,622,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Pennisetum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="alopecuroides">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FECCFEE61167152B" box="[342,622,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Pennisetum alopecuroides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FD38FEE61083152B" baseAuthorityName="Ding" baseAuthorityYear="2006" box="[674,906,259,285]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Miscanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="floridulus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FD38FEE61083152B" box="[674,906,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Miscanthus floridulus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been recorded as hosts of
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FB44FEE61661152B" box="[1246,1384,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipennis">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FB44FEE617E4152A" box="[1246,1261,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FB60FEE61661152B" box="[1274,1384,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">albipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF0DFEC2127C1577" box="[151,373,295,321]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Phacelurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolius">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF0DFEC2127C1577" box="[151,373,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Phacelurus latifolius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is newly recorded as a host of
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FD5FFEC210491577" authorityName="Park &amp; Jung" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Matsumura" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[709,832,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata" status="comb. n.">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FD5FFEC211DD1576" box="[709,724,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FD78FEC210491577" box="[738,832,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">bilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FCDDFEC210A01577" bold="true" box="[839,937,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25018546924FF86FCDDFEC210A01577" box="[839,937,295,321]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
All hosts belong to the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FA86FEC216951577" box="[1308,1436,295,321]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Panicoideae">Panicoideae</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF05FEAE13E01553" box="[159,233,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="order">Poales</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF68FEAE12471553" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[242,334,331,357]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66924FF86FF5DFE8A16191027" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DFE8A1683160B" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DFE8A123215BF" bold="true" box="[199,315,367,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Remarks.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FEDCFE8A11B915BF" box="[326,688,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
Synopsis of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FDD7FE8A11B915BF" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[589,688,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Toyoides</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. After
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FC9CFE8A10D215BF" author="Matsumura, S." box="[774,987,366,393]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura (1935)</bibRefCitation>
initially described this taxon,
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FAD8FE8A13EB159B" author="Ishihara, T." pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref5544" refString="Ishihara, T. (1949) Revision of the Araeopidae of Japan, Ryukyu Island and Formosa (Hemiptera). Scientific Reports of the Matsuyama Agricultural College, 2, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1949">Ishihara (1949)</bibRefCitation>
transferred it to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FD83FE761099159B" authority="Puton, and Yang (1989)" authorityName="Puton, and Yang" authorityYear="1989" box="[537,912,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Euidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FD83FE761171159B" box="[537,632,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Euidella</emphasis>
Puton, and
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FC99FE761099159B" author="Yang, C. T." box="[771,912,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" refId="ref5902" refString="Yang, C. T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6. National Science Council, Taipei, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang (1989)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
reclassified to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FB2CFE76122D15E7" authority="Matsumura. Ding (2006)" authorityName="Matsumura. Ding" authorityYear="2006" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Kakuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FB2CFE761604159B" box="[1206,1293,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Kakuna</emphasis>
Matsumura.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FF0DFE52122D15E7" author="Ding, J. H." box="[151,292,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" refId="ref5446" refString="Ding, J. H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Fauna Sinica. Science Press, Beijing, China, 776 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ding (2006)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
resisted this genus and state that this genus differs from the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FBA9FE52178315E7" authorityName="Matsumura. Ding" authorityYear="2006" box="[1075,1162,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Kakuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FBA9FE52178315E7" box="[1075,1162,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Kakuna</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the hind tibia spines and its genital characteristics are similar to those of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FC02FE3E10ED15C3" box="[920,996,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Euides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FC02FE3E10ED15C3" box="[920,996,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Euides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In summary,
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FB1EFE3E17EE15C3" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[1156,1255,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FB1EFE3E17EE15C3" box="[1156,1255,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinguished from other related genera based on the forked portion of the frons and hook-shaped aedeagus. In this study, we have redescribed the generic characteristics (detailed taxonomic histories are provided in the remarks of each species).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DFDA216191027" blockId="2.[151,1437,150,1041]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DFDA211131657" box="[199,538,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
Synonymy of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FE5EFDA211131657" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[452,538,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Epunka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epunka</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
. The genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FD01FDA2107C1657" authority="Matsumura" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[667,885,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Epunka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FD01FDA211F81657" box="[667,753,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Epunka</emphasis>
Matsumura
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to
<collectingCountry id="F30039AD6924FF86FB94FDA217581657" box="[1038,1105,583,609]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Japan</collectingCountry>
, distributed only in
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FABDFDA216911657" box="[1319,1432,583,609]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Honshu, Kyushu and Tsushima Island (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FDFBFD8E102616B3" author="Matsumura, S." box="[609,815,618,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FCA5FD8E178916B3" author="Hayashi, M. &amp; Fujinuma, S." box="[831,1152,619,645]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="323 - 355" refId="ref5480" refString="Hayashi, M. &amp; Fujinuma, S. (2016) Part Fulgoromorpha. In: Entomological Society of Japan (2016) Catalogue of the insects of Japan. Vol. 4. Paraneoptera (Psocodea, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera). 4. Editorial Committee of Catalogue of the Insects of Japan, 4, pp. 323 - 355." type="journal article" year="2016">Hayashi &amp; Fujinuma, 2016</bibRefCitation>
). Historically, this taxon comprised only one species,
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FE4CFD6A1151169F" authorityName="Park &amp; Jung" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Matsumura" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[470,600,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FE4CFD6A12EE169E" box="[470,487,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">E</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FE6EFD6A1151169F" box="[500,600,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">bilineata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FDFFFD6A1019169F" author="Ishihara, T." box="[613,784,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref5544" refString="Ishihara, T. (1949) Revision of the Araeopidae of Japan, Ryukyu Island and Formosa (Hemiptera). Scientific Reports of the Matsuyama Agricultural College, 2, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1949">Ishihara (1949)</bibRefCitation>
synonymized this genus with the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FB54FD6A1624169F" authorityName="Puton, and Yang" authorityYear="1989" box="[1230,1325,655,681]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Euidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FB54FD6A1624169F" box="[1230,1325,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Euidella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, although this classification was not accepted in more recent publications (
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FC13FD56170216FB" author="Nast, J." box="[905,1035,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" refId="ref5641" refString="Nast, J. (1972) Palaearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera). Polish Scientific publishers, Warszawa, 550 pp." type="book" year="1972">Nast, 1972</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FB80FD56165216FB" author="Hayashi, M. &amp; Fujinuma, S." box="[1050,1371,691,717]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="323 - 355" refId="ref5480" refString="Hayashi, M. &amp; Fujinuma, S. (2016) Part Fulgoromorpha. In: Entomological Society of Japan (2016) Catalogue of the insects of Japan. Vol. 4. Paraneoptera (Psocodea, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera). 4. Editorial Committee of Catalogue of the Insects of Japan, 4, pp. 323 - 355." type="journal article" year="2016">Hayashi &amp; Fujinuma, 2016</bibRefCitation>
). The genera
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF70FD32124916C7" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[234,320,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Epunka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF70FD32124916C7" box="[234,320,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Epunka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FEE2FD3212D216C7" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[376,475,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FEE2FD3212D216C7" box="[376,475,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were first established in a paper by
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FCE2FD32174716C7" author="Matsumura, S." box="[888,1102,726,753]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura (1935)</bibRefCitation>
. However, the morphological differences between the two genera were not presented; only the differences between each genus and their closely related genera (
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FEDFFCFA12FC170F" box="[325,501,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FEDFFCFA1292170F" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[325,411,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Epunka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epunka</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FE33FCFA12FC170F" box="[425,501,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Euides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Euides</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FDB1FCFA11D8170E" box="[555,721,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FDB1FCFA1187170F" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[555,654,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Toyoides</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FD06FCFA11D8170E" box="[668,721,799,824]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toya" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Toya</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
) were provided. The protologue indicates that the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FACAFCFA1695170F" box="[1360,1436,799,825]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Euides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FACAFCFA1695170F" box="[1360,1436,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Euides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished by the presence of a frontal fork that is much longer and does not become narrow between the eyes; the middle keel in the pro-and mesonotum is not conspicuous. Morphological comparison of the
<typeStatus id="54ACC79F6924FF86FAF6FC82169517B7" box="[1388,1436,871,897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">type</typeStatus>
specimens for the two genera in this study revealed that, the male genitalia of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FBF4FC6E17CD1793" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[1134,1220,907,933]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Epunka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FBF4FC6E17CD1793" box="[1134,1220,907,933]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Epunka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be described in detail for the first time.
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FE5BFC4A101817FF" author="Matsumura, S. &amp; Ishihara, T." box="[449,785,942,969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="59 - 76" refId="ref5610" refString="Matsumura, S. &amp; Ishihara, T. (1945) Species novae vel cognitae Araeopidarum Imperii Japonici (Hemiptera). Mushi, 16, 59 - 76." type="journal article" year="1945">Matsumura &amp; Ishihara (1945)</bibRefCitation>
only offered a brief illustration of the male anal segment, the habitus (forked portion on frons of median carina) and genital characters (hook-shaped aedeagus) are accorded with the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FEDBFC1212AD1027" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[321,420,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FEDBFC1212AD1027" box="[321,420,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, here we treat the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FD21FC1210181027" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[699,785,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Epunka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FD21FC1210181027" box="[699,785,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Epunka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as the junior synonym of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FB3DFC1216031027" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[1191,1290,1015,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FB3DFC1216031027" box="[1191,1290,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66924FF86FF0DFB861743104A" box="[151,1098,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF0DFB861743104A" blockId="2.[151,1098,1122,1149]" box="[151,1098,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF0DFB861743104A" bold="true" box="[151,1098,1122,1149]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
Key to the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FEF4FB8712DE104B" ID-CoL="7Y6P" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[366,471,1122,1149]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FEF4FB8712DE104B" bold="true" box="[366,471,1122,1149]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its related groups (modified from
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FC20FB871748104A" author="Ding, J. H." box="[954,1089,1122,1148]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" refId="ref5446" refString="Ding, J. H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Fauna Sinica. Science Press, Beijing, China, 776 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ding, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66924FF86FF0DFB4416951138" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" type="key">
<key id="FF862E0C6924FF86FF0DFB4416951138" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<keyStep id="30E361986924FF86FF0DFB44169510E2" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF0DFB4416951080" blockId="2.[151,1436,1185,1295]" box="[151,1436,1185,1207]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<keyLead id="30E6DA086924FF86FF0DFB4416951080" box="[151,1436,1185,1207]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
1. Frons with median carina forked above level of upper margin of eyes (
<figureCitation id="132C65B86924FF86FC1DFB4410DC1080" box="[903,981,1185,1207]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,477,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-420@3.[151,1436,502,1460]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Toyoides albipennis Matsumura. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. ditto, lateral view; C. frons, ventral view; D. right hind leg with spur; E. lectotype labels. Abbreviations: f, front; b, back. Scale bar: AB: 1.0 mm; CD: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239599/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Figs 1C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132C65B86924FF86FC45FB4410F51080" box="[991,1020,1185,1206]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,678,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-252@4.[151,1436,669,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lectotype and paralectotype of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. lectotype, habitus, lateral view; C. ditto, frons, ventral view; D. ditto, right hind leg with spur; E. lectotype and paralectotype labels. Abbreviations: f, front; b, back. Scale bar: AB: 1.0 mm; CD: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239601/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">2C</figureCitation>
)................................ 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF0DFB5A169510E2" blockId="2.[151,1436,1185,1295]" box="[151,1436,1214,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<keyLead id="30E6DA086924FF86FF0DFB5A169510E2" box="[151,1436,1214,1236]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
- Frons with median carina forked below level of upper margin of eyes............................
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FB44FB5B169510E2" ID-CoL="5777" authority="Matsumura" authorityName="Matsumura. Ding" authorityYear="2006" box="[1246,1436,1214,1236]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Kakuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FB44FB5B162010E5" box="[1246,1321,1214,1235]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Kakuna</emphasis>
Matsumura
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E361986924FF86FF0DFB3916951138" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF0DFB39169510C4" blockId="2.[151,1436,1185,1295]" box="[151,1436,1244,1266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<keyLead id="30E6DA086924FF86FF0DFB39169510C4" box="[151,1436,1244,1266]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
2. Pygofer with medioventral process.............................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FA82FB39169510C4" ID-CoL="87FYD" authority="Fieber" authorityName="Fieber" box="[1304,1436,1244,1266]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Euides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FA82FB39165010C7" box="[1304,1369,1244,1265]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Euides</emphasis>
Fieber
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF0DFB1C16951138" blockId="2.[151,1436,1185,1295]" box="[151,1436,1273,1295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<keyLead id="30E6DA086924FF86FF0DFB1C16951138" box="[151,1436,1273,1295]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
- Pygofer without medioventral process (
<figureCitation id="132C65B86924FF86FDC6FB1C11CA1138" box="[604,707,1273,1295]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[151,1436,181,1506]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. genitalia, caudal view; B. ditto, lateral view; C. anal segment, caudal view; D. ditto, lateral view; E. pygofer, caudal view; F. ditto, lateral view; G. genital styles, caudoventral view; H. ditto, lateral view; I. aedeagus with suspensorium, left-lateral view; J. aedeagus without suspensorium, dorsal view; K. suspensorium. Scale bar: AB, EF: 0.5 mm; CD, GH: 0.3 mm; IK: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239605/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Figs 4EF</figureCitation>
)..........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FB4EFB1C16951138" ID-CoL="7Y6P" authority="Matsumura" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[1236,1436,1273,1294]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FB4EFB1C16211138" box="[1236,1320,1273,1294]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides</emphasis>
Matsumura
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66924FF86FF0DFAB11122130D" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" type="taxon_list">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF0DFAB111BC1158" blockId="2.[151,693,1363,1390]" box="[151,693,1363,1390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF0DFAB111BC1158" bold="true" box="[151,693,1363,1390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
Checklist of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FE2BFAB611BC1158" ID-CoL="7Y6P" authority="Matsumura" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[433,693,1363,1390]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FE2BFAB61113115B" bold="true" box="[433,538,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides</emphasis>
Matsumura
</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF0DFA70117B1186" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[151,626,1429,1456]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
1.
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF5DFA70117B1186" authority="Matsumura, 1935" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityYear="1935" box="[199,626,1429,1456]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipennis">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DFA7012AF1199" box="[199,422,1429,1455]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides albipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FE36FA73117B1186" author="Matsumura, S." box="[428,626,1429,1456]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DFA5C106311E5" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[199,874,1465,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB075E136924FF86FF5DFA5C106311E5" box="[199,874,1465,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6924FF86FF5DFA5C11A911E5" author="Matsumura, S." box="[199,672,1465,1492]" page="78" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" year="1935">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF5DFA5C11A911E5" ID-CoL="57N2L" authority="Matsumura, 1935: 78" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityPageNumber="78" authorityYear="1935" box="[199,672,1465,1492]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipennis">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DFA5C12AF11E5" box="[199,422,1465,1491]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides albipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FE36FA5F11A911E5" author="Matsumura, S." box="[428,672,1465,1492]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935: 78</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
;
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6924FF86FD31FA5C106C11E5" author="Ding, J. H." box="[683,869,1465,1491]" page="304" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" year="2006">
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FD31FA5C106C11E5" author="Ding, J. H." box="[683,869,1465,1491]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" refId="ref5446" refString="Ding, J. H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Fauna Sinica. Science Press, Beijing, China, 776 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ding, 2006: 304</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DFA38117211C1" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[199,635,1501,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB075E136924FF86FF5DFA38117211C1" box="[199,635,1501,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6924FF86FF5DFA38117E11C1" author="Ishihara, T." box="[199,631,1501,1527]" page="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" year="1949">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF5DFA38117E11C1" authority="Ishihara, 1949: 34" authorityName="Ishihara" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1949" box="[199,631,1501,1527]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Euidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipennis">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DFA3812AB11C1" box="[199,418,1501,1527]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Euidella albipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FE33FA38117E11C1" author="Ishihara, T." box="[425,631,1501,1527]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref5544" refString="Ishihara, T. (1949) Revision of the Araeopidae of Japan, Ryukyu Island and Formosa (Hemiptera). Scientific Reports of the Matsuyama Agricultural College, 2, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1949">Ishihara, 1949: 34</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DF9E4115B122D" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[199,594,1537,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB075E136924FF86FF5DF9E4115B122D" box="[199,594,1537,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6924FF86FF5DF9E41147122D" author="Yang, C. T." box="[199,590,1537,1564]" page="62" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" year="1989">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF5DF9E41147122D" authority="Yang, 1989: 62" authorityName="Yang" authorityPageNumber="62" authorityYear="1989" box="[199,590,1537,1564]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Kakuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipennis">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DF9E41293122D" box="[199,410,1537,1563]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Kakuna albipennis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FE3AF9E71147122D" author="Yang, C. T." box="[416,590,1537,1564]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" refId="ref5902" refString="Yang, C. T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6. National Science Council, Taipei, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989: 62</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DF9C016391209" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[199,1328,1573,1600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
Distributions:
<collectingCountry id="F30039AD6924FF86FEF2F9C012A21209" box="[360,427,1573,1599]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">China</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FE20F9C0110D1209" box="[442,516,1573,1599]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Anhui</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FD95F9C011531209" box="[527,602,1573,1599]" country="China" name="Fujian" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Fujian</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FDFFF9C011C11209" box="[613,712,1573,1599]" country="China" name="Guizhou" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Guizhou</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FD49F9C310291276" box="[723,800,1574,1600]" country="China" name="Hunan" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Hunan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FCB6F9C0108A1209" box="[812,899,1573,1599]" country="China" name="Jiangsu" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Jiangsu</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FC14F9C010E21209" box="[910,1003,1573,1599]" country="China" name="Sichuan" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Sichuan</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FC6CF9C017571209" box="[1014,1118,1573,1599]" country="China" name="Zhejiang" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Zhejiang</collectingRegion>
),
<collectingCountry id="F30039AD6924FF86FBEBF9C017CA1209" box="[1137,1219,1573,1599]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FB4BF9C0162A1209" box="[1233,1315,1573,1599]" country="Taiwan" name="Tainan" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Tainan</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF0DF9AC11E81255" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[151,737,1609,1636]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
2.
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF5DF9AC117A1252" authority="(Matsumura, 1935)" authorityName="Park &amp; Jung" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Matsumura" baseAuthorityYear="1935" box="[199,627,1609,1636]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata" status="comb. nov.">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DF9AC129C1255" box="[199,405,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides bilineata</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FE39F9AC11621252" author="Matsumura, S." box="[419,619,1609,1636]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FDE0F9AC11E81255" bold="true" box="[634,737,1609,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25018546924FF86FDE0F9AC11E81255" box="[634,737,1609,1635]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DF988118F12BE" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[199,646,1645,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB075E136924FF86FF5DF988118F12BE" box="[199,646,1645,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6924FF86FF5DF988118B12BE" author="Matsumura, S." box="[199,642,1645,1672]" page="77" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" year="1935">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF5DF988118B12BE" ID-CoL="6FYTL" authority="Matsumura, 1935: 77" authorityName="Matsumura" authorityPageNumber="77" authorityYear="1935" box="[199,642,1645,1672]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Epunka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DF988128112B1" box="[199,392,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Epunka bilineata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FE14F98B118B12BE" author="Matsumura, S." box="[398,642,1645,1672]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="71 - 78" refId="ref5580" refString="Matsumura, S. (1935) Supplementary note to the revision of Stenocranus and its allied species in Japan-Empire. Insecta Matsumurana, 10, 71 - 78." type="journal article" year="1935">Matsumura, 1935: 77</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DF9741163129D" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[199,618,1681,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB075E136924FF86FF5DF9741163129D" box="[199,618,1681,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6924FF86FF5DF974116F129D" author="Ishihara, T." box="[199,614,1681,1707]" page="34" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" year="1949">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF5DF974116F129D" authority="Ishihara, 1949: 34" authorityName="Ishihara" authorityPageNumber="34" authorityYear="1949" box="[199,614,1681,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Euidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DF9741298129D" box="[199,401,1681,1707]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Euidella bilineata</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FE02F974116F129D" author="Ishihara, T." box="[408,614,1681,1707]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" pagination="1 - 102" refId="ref5544" refString="Ishihara, T. (1949) Revision of the Araeopidae of Japan, Ryukyu Island and Formosa (Hemiptera). Scientific Reports of the Matsuyama Agricultural College, 2, 1 - 102." type="journal article" year="1949">Ishihara, 1949: 34</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DF95017F812F9" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[199,1265,1717,1744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
Distributions:
<collectingCountry id="F30039AD6924FF86FEF2F95012FC12E6" box="[360,501,1717,1744]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">South Korea</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FD9EF950117F12F9" box="[516,630,1717,1743]" country="South Korea" name="Gyeonggi" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Gyeonggi</collectingRegion>
)
<superScript id="7C62D4756924FF86FDE7F950118C12F5" attach="none" box="[637,645,1717,1731]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">*</superScript>
,
<collectingCountry id="F30039AD6924FF86FD09F95311DA12E6" box="[659,723,1718,1744]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FD7BF950105D12F9" box="[737,852,1717,1743]" country="Japan" name="Hokkaido" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Hokkaido</collectingRegion>
, Honshu, Kyushu, Tsushima Island).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF0DF93C12F612C5" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[151,511,1753,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
3.
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF5DF93C12F612C5" authority="(Yang, 1989)" authorityName="Ding" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[199,511,1753,1779]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mira">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DF93C126F12C5" box="[199,358,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides mira</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FEEEF93C12FE12C5" author="Yang, C. T." box="[372,503,1753,1779]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" refId="ref5902" refString="Yang, C. T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6. National Science Council, Taipei, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DF918111B1321" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[199,530,1789,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB075E136924FF86FF5DF918111B1321" box="[199,530,1789,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6924FF86FF5DF91811071321" author="Yang, C. T." box="[199,526,1789,1816]" page="64" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" year="1989">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF5DF91811071321" ID-CoL="6NJZ5" authority="Yang, 1989: 64" authorityName="Yang" authorityPageNumber="64" authorityYear="1989" box="[199,526,1789,1816]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Kakuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mira">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DF91812531321" box="[199,346,1789,1815]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Kakuna mira</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FEFAF91B11071321" author="Yang, C. T." box="[352,526,1789,1816]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" refId="ref5902" refString="Yang, C. T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6. National Science Council, Taipei, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989: 64</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DF8C41122130D" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[199,555,1825,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB075E136924FF86FF5DF8C41122130D" box="[199,555,1825,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
<treatmentCitation id="0AB65F2C6924FF86FF5DF8C4112F130D" author="Ding, J. H." box="[199,550,1825,1851]" page="306" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" year="2006">
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6924FF86FF5DF8C4112F130D" ID-CoL="57N2M" authority="Ding, 2006: 306" authorityName="Ding" authorityPageNumber="306" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[199,550,1825,1851]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mira">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6924FF86FF5DF8C4126F130D" box="[199,358,1825,1851]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Toyoides mira</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6924FF86FEF7F8C4112F130D" author="Ding, J. H." box="[365,550,1825,1851]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" refId="ref5446" refString="Ding, J. H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Fauna Sinica. Science Press, Beijing, China, 776 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ding, 2006: 306</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66924FF86FF5DF8A011401369" box="[199,585,1861,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6924FF86FF5DF8A011401369" blockId="2.[151,1328,1429,1887]" box="[199,585,1861,1887]" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">
Distribution:
<collectingCountry id="F30039AD6924FF86FEC7F8A012A61369" box="[349,431,1861,1887]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<collectingRegion id="49D3B7DF6924FF86FE24F8A011371369" box="[446,574,1861,1887]" country="Taiwan" name="Kaohsiung" pageId="2" pageNumber="373">Kaohsiung</collectingRegion>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66925FF87FF0DFF7210C21487" box="[151,971,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6925FF87FF0DFF7210C21487" blockId="3.[151,971,151,178]" box="[151,971,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<heading id="D0E0CE516925FF87FF0DFF7210C21487" bold="true" box="[151,971,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6925FF87FF0DFF7210C21487" bold="true" box="[151,971,151,178]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
Key to species of
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6925FF87FEF4FF7212DE1484" ID-CoL="7Y6P" authorityName="Park &amp; Jung" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Park &amp; Jung" baseAuthorityYear="2024" box="[366,471,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6925FF87FEF4FF7212DE1484" bold="true" box="[366,471,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Toyoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(modified from
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6925FF87FD38FF7210271487" author="Yang, C. T." box="[674,814,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" refId="ref5902" refString="Yang, C. T. (1989) Delphacidae of Taiwan (II) (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea). National Science Council Special Publication No 6. National Science Council, Taipei, 334 pp." type="book" year="1989">Yang, 1989</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EF8604CC6925FF87FCA6FF7210CA1487" author="Ding, J. H." box="[828,963,151,177]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" refId="ref5446" refString="Ding, J. H. (2006) Fauna Sinica. Insecta. Vol. 45. Homoptera Delphacidae. Fauna Sinica. Science Press, Beijing, China, 776 pp." type="book" year="2006">Ding, 2006</bibRefCitation>
)
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C30D2AB66925FF87FF0DFF2B1695150D" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" type="key">
<keyStep id="30E361986925FF87FF0DFF2B16951536" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6925FF87FF0DFF2B169514D5" blockId="3.[151,1436,205,315]" box="[151,1436,205,227]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<keyLead id="30E6DA086925FF87FF0DFF2B169514D5" box="[151,1436,205,227]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
1. Frons with median carina forked above level of lower margin of eyes (
<figureCitation id="132C65B86925FF87FC1DFF2810DC14D5" box="[903,981,205,227]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1653,1677]" captionTargetBox="[151,1431,678,1626]" captionTargetId="figure-252@4.[151,1436,669,1635]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Lectotype and paralectotype of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. lectotype, habitus, lateral view; C. ditto, frons, ventral view; D. ditto, right hind leg with spur; E. lectotype and paralectotype labels. Abbreviations: f, front; b, back. Scale bar: AB: 1.0 mm; CD: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239601/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="132C65B86925FF87FC45FF2B10F414D5" box="[991,1021,206,227]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1356,1380]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,188,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1332]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. female habitus, dorsal view; B. male habitus, dorsal view; C. ditto, lateral view; D. left tegmina, in alcohol; E. frons, ventral view; F. head and thorax, dorsal view; G. ditto, lateral view. Scale bar: AD: 1.0 mm; EG: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239603/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">3D</figureCitation>
)................................ 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6925FF87FF0DFF0E16951536" blockId="3.[151,1436,205,315]" box="[151,1436,235,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<keyLead id="30E6DA086925FF87FF0DFF0E16951536" box="[151,1436,235,257]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
- Frons with median carina forked below level of lower margin of eyes (
<figureCitation id="132C65B86925FF87FC12FF0E10D81536" box="[904,977,235,257]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1474,1498]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,477,1456]" captionTargetId="figure-420@3.[151,1436,502,1460]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Lectotype of Toyoides albipennis Matsumura. A. habitus, dorsal view; B. ditto, lateral view; C. frons, ventral view; D. right hind leg with spur; E. lectotype labels. Abbreviations: f, front; b, back. Scale bar: AB: 1.0 mm; CD: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239599" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239599/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
).................
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6925FF87FB36FF0E16951536" authority="Matsumura" authorityName="Matsumura" box="[1196,1436,235,256]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Kakuna" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipennis">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6925FF87FB36FF0E17B01536" box="[1196,1209,235,256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B963A52F6925FF87FB5FFF0E16201536" box="[1221,1321,235,256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">albipennis</emphasis>
Matsumura
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30E361986925FF87FF0DFEED1695150D" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6925FF87FF0DFEED1695152B" blockId="3.[151,1436,205,315]" box="[151,1436,264,286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<keyLead id="30E6DA086925FF87FF0DFEED1695152B" box="[151,1436,264,286]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
2. Tegmina distinctly curved (
<figureCitation id="132C65B86925FF87FE73FEED113F152B" box="[489,566,264,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1356,1380]" captionTargetBox="[156,1429,188,1331]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1332]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. female habitus, dorsal view; B. male habitus, dorsal view; C. ditto, lateral view; D. left tegmina, in alcohol; E. frons, ventral view; F. head and thorax, dorsal view; G. ditto, lateral view. Scale bar: AD: 1.0 mm; EG: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239603/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
); division of aedeagus with spinule (
<figureCitation id="132C65B86925FF87FC0DFEED10D1152B" box="[919,984,264,286]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1530,1554]" captionTargetBox="[158,1429,188,1499]" captionTargetId="figure-20@6.[151,1436,181,1506]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Male genitalia of Toyoides bilineata Matsumura comb. n. A. genitalia, caudal view; B. ditto, lateral view; C. anal segment, caudal view; D. ditto, lateral view; E. pygofer, caudal view; F. ditto, lateral view; G. genital styles, caudoventral view; H. ditto, lateral view; I. aedeagus with suspensorium, left-lateral view; J. aedeagus without suspensorium, dorsal view; K. suspensorium. Scale bar: AB, EF: 0.5 mm; CD, GH: 0.3 mm; IK: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14239605" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/14239605/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">Fig. 4I</figureCitation>
)........
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6925FF87FBD7FEEC1637152B" authority="(Matsumura)" authorityName="Park &amp; Jung" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Matsumura" box="[1101,1342,264,286]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Euidella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bilineata" status="comb. n.">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6925FF87FBD7FEEC17531528" box="[1101,1114,265,286]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B963A52F6925FF87FBFCFEED17B2152B" box="[1126,1211,264,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">bilineata</emphasis>
(Matsumura)
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B963A52F6925FF87FADFFEED1695152B" bold="true" box="[1349,1436,264,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A25018546925FF87FADFFEED1695152B" box="[1349,1436,264,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" rank="species">comb. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BA8793D6925FF87FF0DFEC31695150D" blockId="3.[151,1436,205,315]" box="[151,1436,293,315]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
<keyLead id="30E6DA086925FF87FF0DFEC31695150D" box="[151,1436,293,315]" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">
- Tegmina almost straight; division of aedeagus without spinule......................................
<taxonomicName id="4C1702BE6925FF87FA94FEC31695150D" ID-CoL="57N2M" authority="(Yang)" authorityName="Ding" authorityYear="2006" baseAuthorityName="Yang" baseAuthorityYear="1989" box="[1294,1436,294,315]" class="Insecta" family="Delphacidae" genus="Toyoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="374" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mira">
<emphasis id="B963A52F6925FF87FA94FEC31612150D" box="[1294,1307,294,315]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">T</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="B963A52F6925FF87FABDFEC3165D150D" box="[1319,1364,294,315]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="374">mira</emphasis>
(Yang)
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>