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<document id="CE7CC5E86BB98ECA08BA84A1C62742C4" ID-DOI="10.1002/tax.12600" ID-ISSN="1996-8175" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14047424" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1730917512589" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A., Darbyshire, Iain, Daniel, Lucinda A. McDade Thomas F. &amp; Kiel, Carrie A." docDate="2022" docId="03884F74FFCE8B6B45FBCDC292E6956D" docLanguage="en" docName="TAXON.71.1.103-153.pdf" docOrigin="TAXON 71 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tax.12600" docStyle="DocumentStyle:239A75409313D6488D9D82529296B06F.1:TAXON.2020-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="239A75409313D6488D9D82529296B06F" docStyleName="TAXON.2020-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Graptophyllinae" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="141" masterDocId="FFB1370CFFE88B4D456CC919962F943F" masterDocTitle="Revised classification of Acanthaceae and worldwide dichotomous keys" masterLastPageNumber="153" masterPageNumber="103" pageNumber="141" updateTime="1731531918744" updateUser="carolina" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-4.0">
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<mods:title id="9C3A7D666AA3301D67F29F24F595CEF8">Revised classification of Acanthaceae and worldwide dichotomous keys</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6649CFFA7163875CF753DE63F79EEC5A">Manzitto-Tripp, Erin A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="DDAA97820E1198BE4428050FFB80101A">* Iain Darbyshire, &amp; University of Colorado, Museum of Natural History and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="56578B8DEDBD8844FE53929221BBC0C7">Darbyshire, Iain</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="208DA0F5FC841DC6EB127F7CF0E56C11">* &amp; Lucinda A. McDade &amp; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Herbarium, Richmond, Surrey, TW &amp; * &amp; Lucinda A. McDade &amp; AE, United Kingdom &amp; Honorary Research Associate, School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag &amp; WITS 2050, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BDCE3D420830F592722A5EA0058F72CA">Daniel, Lucinda A. McDade Thomas F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A83DDC7728D4100D93294EB42528EB1D">Kiel, Carrie A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4751496BE2A3AE07ED96B27A7EAABC63">California Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B45FBCDC2976090CD" authority=" T.Anderson" box="[151,335,1243,1266]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Graptophyllinae">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B45FBCDC2976090CD" bold="true" box="[151,335,1243,1266]" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Graptophyllinae</emphasis>
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T.Anderson in J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 17. 1863,
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B4464CDE29776912D" bold="true" box="[264,345,1275,1298]" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">emend.</emphasis>
Kiel, McDade, I.Darbysh. &amp; T.F.Daniel
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFCE8B6B45A8CC0297C5910D" blockId="38.[151,799,1243,1970]" box="[196,490,1307,1330]" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">
<typeStatus id="549A40C0FFCE8B6B45A8CC0296D1910D" box="[196,254,1307,1330]" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Type</typeStatus>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B4464CC0297C5910D" authority="Nees." authorityName="Nees." box="[264,490,1307,1330]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Graptophyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B4464CC029788910D" box="[264,423,1307,1330]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Graptophyllum</emphasis>
Nees.
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<paragraph id="8B9EFE62FFCE8B6B45A8CC2292E6956D" blockId="38.[151,799,1243,1970]" lastBlockId="38.[837,1485,187,338]" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">
Perennial (rarely annual) herbs or shrubs or small trees with cystoliths; leaves opposite; inflorescences terminal to axillary,
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B45A2CC62976391AD" box="[206,332,1403,1426]" form="highly" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" rank="form">form highly</taxonomicName>
variable, inflorescences consisting of 1- to many-flowered dichasia in leaf axils or in axils of bracts in axillary and/or terminal spikes, racemes, or thyrses (or, when branched, in panicles of these), flowers subtended by paired bracteoles, bracts and/or bracteoles inconspicuous or conspicuous; corollas variable in size, shape and color, bilabiate to only weakly zygomorphic, rugula absent; androecium either of 4 stamens or of 2 stamens plus 2 staminodes, 2 pairs of stamens (or pairs comprising 1 stamen plus 1 staminode) sometimes with filaments basally fused, anthers in taxa with 2 stamens either bithecous or monothecous, anthers in taxa with 4 stamens either all bithecous or with 1 pair bithecous and 1 pair monothecous, thecae of a pair subequally or unequally inserted on filament, parallel or slightly oblique, with or without short basal appendages; stigma usually bilobed, but sometimes subfunnelform (e.g., some
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B44D8CE42944C934D" box="[436,611,1883,1906]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Chileranthemum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B44D8CE42944C934D" box="[436,611,1883,1906]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Chileranthemum</emphasis>
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); capsule clavate, (2) 4-seeded, retinacula present and not separating from inner capsule wall at maturity; seeds (where known) discoid to lenticular, surfaces variously ornamented or smooth, trichomes absent; pollen most frequently prolate and 3-colporate, 6-pseudocolpate but can be 4-colporate, 8-pseudocolpate or sometimes 4-por(or)ate and echinate (in
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B4629C82295B1956D" box="[837,926,315,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Isotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B4629C82295B1956D" box="[837,926,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Isotheca</emphasis>
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and some
<taxonomicName id="4C2185E1FFCE8B6B417CC8229296956D" box="[1040,1209,315,338]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Herpetacanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="38" pageNumber="141" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9552270FFCE8B6B417CC8229296956D" box="[1040,1209,315,338]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="141">Herpetacanthus</emphasis>
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).
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