259 lines
40 KiB
XML
259 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document id="2F7EF3C64C1C416E195734574A0DF5E6" ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.004" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167719" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1665261516902" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Tiffney, Bruce H. & Manchester, Steven R." docDate="2022" docId="039C64310837FFDAA79E9020D78CFA40" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.1.51-79.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.004" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Chandlera lacunosa R. A. SCOTT" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFA51C490834FFDFA45B9267D633FFDF" masterDocTitle="The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U. S. A." masterLastPageNumber="79" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="54" updateTime="1699373346818" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="F9CB3644994B710702A810FFB29C0668">The Early Middle Eocene Wagon Bed Carpoflora Of Central Wyoming, U. S. A.</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6CBA41D9E42BA7FD300F9F6FFEB04423">Tiffney, Bruce H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7806831DC05648446C5F533B939FF871">Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="EB59B52EEEBED3C4F1D53BC1D89C156C">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="930A12236E43893FBE12C0A9809F2049">2022</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="C32F86AC0837FFDCA79E9020D28CFD5F" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B8AD5270837FFDCA79E9020D311FD81" blockId="3.[965,1314,583,607]" box="[965,1314,583,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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<heading id="D0C2624B0837FFDCA79E9020D311FD81" box="[965,1314,583,607]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40837FFDCA79E9020D311FD81" authority="R. A. SCOTT" authorityName="R. A. SCOTT" box="[965,1314,583,607]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chandlera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacunosa">
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<emphasis id="B94109350837FFDCA79E9020D311FD81" bold="true" box="[965,1314,583,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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<emphasis id="B94109350837FFDCA79E9020D297FD80" bold="true" box="[965,1188,583,607]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Chandlera lacunosa</emphasis>
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R.A.
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<emphasis id="B94109350837FFDCA0859020D311FD81" bold="true" box="[1246,1314,583,607]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">SCOTT</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8AD5270837FFDCA0739000D28CFD5F" blockId="3.[1064,1215,615,640]" box="[1064,1215,615,640]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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<figureCitation id="130EC9A20837FFDCA0739000D28CFD5F" box="[1064,1215,615,640]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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Text-fig.
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA0D1900FD293FD5F" box="[1162,1184,616,640]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
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–n
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32F86AC0837FFDAA70190F0D78CFA40" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B8AD5270837FFDCA70190F0D28AFD10" blockId="3.[820,1459,663,719]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">M a t e r i a l. One specimen, USNM PAL 772340, preserved in translucent chalcedony.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8AD5270837FFDCA7019081D586F980" blockId="3.[820,1460,742,1631]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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D e s c r i p t i o n. Endocarp lozenge-like, elongateelliptic in face view (
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<figureCitation id="130EC9A20837FFDCA0719161D2F8FCC1" box="[1066,1227,774,798]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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Text-fig.
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA0C89161D299FCC1" box="[1171,1194,774,798]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
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–h
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</figureCitation>
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), narrowly elongateelliptic in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="130EC9A20837FFDCA0119141D2FAFCE1" box="[1098,1225,806,830]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Text-fig. 1i</figureCitation>
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) with long, slightly convex, sides; narrowly elliptic in cross section (Textfig. 1k–n).
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA7EF9101D5C8FCA1" box="[948,1019,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
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long,
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA0129101D2A3FCA1" box="[1097,1168,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="18.0">18 mm</quantity>
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wide and
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA1549101D359FCA1" box="[1295,1386,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="12.5">12.5 mm</quantity>
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thick; bilaterally symmetrical; the plane of symmetry running longitudinally, bisecting the width. Surface of endocarp smooth, with a very faint median longitudinal lineation. In cross section, a central reniform locule
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA15F9181D361FC21" box="[1284,1362,998,1022]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="7.5">7.5 mm</quantity>
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wide by
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA76F9661D55DFBC1" box="[820,878,1030,1054]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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high is present, surrounded by 6 smaller cavities on the dorsal and lateral flanks, ranging from nearly circular to more elliptic (2 ×
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA0479621D25AFB81" box="[1052,1129,1094,1118]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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to 3 ×
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA0E59621D325FB80" box="[1214,1302,1094,1119]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
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), separated by
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA76F9600D5BAFBA1" box="[820,905,1127,1151]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
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thick walls (
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||
<figureCitation id="130EC9A20837FFDCA0419601D286FBA0" box="[1050,1205,1126,1151]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Text-fig. 1j, n</figureCitation>
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). The endocarp wall is
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||
<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA76F96E0D5BAFB41" box="[820,905,1159,1183]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
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thick. The translucent dorsal surface reveals that the endocarp cavities are longitudinally elongate, dorsal and lateral to the locule, and are linked in a network via transverse cross-cavities (
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<figureCitation id="130EC9A20837FFDCA0169680D2DAFB20" box="[1101,1257,1255,1279]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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Text-fig.
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||
<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA0EF9680D2E3FB20" box="[1204,1232,1255,1279]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="g" value="1.0">1g</quantity>
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, j
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</figureCitation>
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). The ventral side of the endocarp, below the central locule, is infilled by chalcedony with only a hint of a pair of cavities. Both the apical and basal ends of the endocarp are marked by paired, round to elliptical concavities, separated by a median wall and an overhanging dorsal beak (
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<figureCitation id="130EC9A20837FFDCA0E997E0D36FFA40" box="[1202,1372,1415,1439]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Text-fig. 1k–m</figureCitation>
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). These concavities, or apertures, measure 3 ×
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA0BD97C0D32CFA60" box="[1254,1311,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
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at the apical end and 2.5 ×
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<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA78997A0D22CFA00" box="[978,1055,1479,1503]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
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at the base. The apertures link to the network of elongate and cross cavities within the endocarp wall. Some of the cavities are filled with sand and clay while others remain empty (
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<figureCitation id="130EC9A20837FFDCA07B9440D29AF9E0" box="[1056,1193,1575,1599]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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Text-fig.
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||
<quantity id="4CCD78C20837FFDCA0DF9440D29AF9E0" box="[1156,1193,1575,1599]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="1.0">1m</quantity>
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||
</figureCitation>
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||
). No cellular structure is discernable.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B8AD5270837FFDCA7019410D380F8B0" blockId="3.[820,1459,1654,1903]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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D i s c u s s i o n. This fossil conforms closely to
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<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40837FFDCA76F94F0D222F970" box="[820,1041,1687,1711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chandlera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacunosa">
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<emphasis id="B94109350837FFDCA76F94F0D222F970" box="[820,1041,1687,1711]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Chandlera lacunosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40837FFDCA03A94F0D2D4F970" box="[1121,1255,1687,1711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Tinosporeae">Tinosporeae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40837FFDCA0AE94F0D39FF970" box="[1269,1452,1687,1711]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
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||
) first described by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60837FFDCA7A494D0D2B1F911" author="Scott, R. A." box="[1023,1154,1718,1743]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="66 - 97" refId="ref26222" refString="Scott, R. A. (1954): Fossil fruits and seeds from the Eocene Clarno Formation. - Palaeontographica, Abt. B., Palaophytologie, 96: 66 - 97." type="journal article" year="1954">Scott (1954</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60837FFDCA0CA94D1D2FBF911" author="Scott, R. A." box="[1169,1224,1718,1742]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="74 - 81" refId="ref26258" refString="Scott, R. A. (1956): Evolution of some endocarpal features in the tribe Tinosporeae (Menispermaceae). - Evolution, 10: 74 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1956. tb 02831. x" type="journal article" year="1956">1956</bibRefCitation>
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||
) and further detailed by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60837FFDCA70D94B0D212F930" author="Manchester, S. R." box="[854,1057,1751,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref25068" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
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<collectingRegion id="49F11BC50837FFDCA70D94B0D5E1F930" box="[854,978,1751,1775]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Manchester</collectingRegion>
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||
(1994)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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from the middle Eocene Clarno flora of
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<collectingRegion id="49F11BC50837FFDCA7089490D595F8D0" box="[851,934,1783,1807]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Oregon</collectingRegion>
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. The single specimen falls approximately in the middle of the size range of the Clarno specimens.We illustrate examples of well-preserved specimens from the Clarno Nut Beds for comparison (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130EC9A20837FFDCA0709530D2F6F8B0" box="[1067,1221,1879,1903]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Text-fig. 1o–r</figureCitation>
|
||
). The convex surface
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF4A85AF0837FFDCA43195D0D380F7FB" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" startId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8AD5270837FFDCA43195D0D380F7FB" blockId="3.[106,1459,1975,2084]" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
|
||
Text-fig. 1. cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40837FFDCA4A195D0D7B2F813" box="[250,385,1975,1996]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pandanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(a–f),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40837FFDCA59A95D0D45DF813" box="[449,622,1975,1996]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(g–r). a–f: cf.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40837FFDCA6A695D0D5B7F813" box="[765,900,1975,1996]" class="Liliopsida" family="Pandanaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pandanales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Pandanaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40837FFDCA6FA9A68D21DF7FB" authority=", Wagon Bed. Silica" authorityName="Wagon Bed. Silica" box="[673,1070,2063,2084]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chandlera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacunosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94109350837FFDCA6FA9A68D55BF7FB" bold="true" box="[673,872,2063,2084]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">Chandlera lacunosa</emphasis>
|
||
, Wagon Bed. Silica
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8AD5270830FFDBA4C8948ED20FF7FB" blockId="4.[147,1463,1769,2084]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94109350830FFDBA4C8948ED20FF7FB" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
|
||
g: Ventral view of semi-translucent endocarp, with faint silhouette of interconnected lacunae, reflected and transmitted light, uncoated. h, i: Dorsal and lateral views, micro-CT scan surface rendering. j: Virtual median longitudinal section in dorsi-ventral plane intercepting rows of lacunae within the endocarp wall. k: Apical, l: basal views, reflected light. m: Apical view, cf. (k), micro-CT scan surface rendering. n: Physical transverse section in the plane of saw cut seen in (g–j), reflected light. Note remains of curved locule in center and surrounding lacunae. o–r:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40830FFDBA6A89538D58DF8AB" box="[755,958,1887,1908]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chandlera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacunosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94109350830FFDBA6A89538D58DF8AB" bold="true" box="[755,958,1887,1908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Chandlera lacunosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B5DDF7A0830FFDBA0709538D204F7FB" collectionCode="UF" county="Clarno Formation" location="Same" municipality="Transverse" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" specimenCode="UF225-33628, UF225-6849" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Oregon" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="548E6B850830FFDBA0709538D264F8AB" box="[1067,1111,1887,1908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in the
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62EBADAB0830FFDBA0A29538D385F8AB" box="[1273,1462,1887,1908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Clarno Formation</collectingCounty>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F11BC50830FFDBA4EB951BD6CEF84E" box="[176,253,1916,1937]" country="United States of America" name="Oregon" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Oregon</collectingRegion>
|
||
for comparison, surface and sectional views from micro-CT scanning. o:
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BEE4F5D0830FFDBA05E951BD245F84E" box="[1029,1142,1916,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Transverse</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
section showing central locule surrounded by endocarp with prominent lacunae, including a pair of ventral lacunae adjacent to the concave surface of the locule,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB937D5C0830FFDBA48095D0D756F813" box="[219,357,1975,1996]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="Museum">UF225-33628</specimenCode>
|
||
. p:
|
||
<location id="8EEA83FC0830FFDBA5D095D0D7F0F813" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C64310837FFDAA79E9020D78CFA40:8EEA83FC0830FFDBA5D095D0D7F0F813" box="[395,451,1975,1996]" county="Clarno Formation" municipality="Transverse" name="Same" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Oregon">Same</location>
|
||
specimen, surface rendering of the basal end with prominent pair of apertures and median groove. q:
|
||
<location id="8EEA83FC0830FFDBA4E895B3D764F836" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039C64310837FFDAA79E9020D78CFA40:8EEA83FC0830FFDBA4E895B3D764F836" box="[179,343,2004,2025]" county="Clarno Formation" municipality="Transverse" name="Oblique-ventral" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" stateProvince="Oregon">Oblique-ventral</location>
|
||
view of specimen fractured to show boat-shaped locule cast surrounded by fragmentary remains of the endocarp,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DB937D5C0830FFDBA55B9596D74CF7D9" box="[256,383,2033,2054]" collectionCode="UF" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="Museum">UF225-6849</specimenCode>
|
||
. r: Same specimen in virtual transverse section, showing lacunae surrounding the locule in arrangement similar to that of (n). Scale bars =
|
||
<quantity id="4CCD78C20830FFDBA5AB9A68D42CF7FB" box="[496,543,2063,2084]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
. Bar at (b) applies to (a–f); bar at (i) applies to (g–n)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8AD5270831FFDAA43192F0D448FCE8" blockId="5.[106,746,151,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
||
of the locule coincides with the endocarp dorsal surface. The presence of apical and basal paired apertures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130EC9A20831FFDAA6D792DFD69BFF2F" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Text-fig. 1k–m</figureCitation>
|
||
) leading to six reticulated, dorsal-lateral, channels in the endocarp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130EC9A20831FFDAA57F929ED7ADFECE" box="[292,414,249,273]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Text-fig. 1j</figureCitation>
|
||
) matches the condition in the Clarno specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130EC9A20831FFDAA564937ED7D7FEEE" box="[319,484,281,305]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Text-fig. 1p, q</figureCitation>
|
||
). A physical transverse section of the Wagon Bed specimen intercepted some of these channels (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130EC9A20831FFDAA54D933DD7A4FEAD" box="[278,407,346,370]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Text-fig. 1n</figureCitation>
|
||
), which are also seen in X-ray imagery, for example in virtual longitudinal section (Textfig. 1i). However, the Wagon Bed specimen does not clearly show the two ventral (condylar) lacunae seen in the Clarno specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130EC9A20831FFDAA4BD93BCD74FFE2B" box="[230,380,475,500]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Text-fig. 1o, r</figureCitation>
|
||
). We interpret this as an artifact of preservation whereby chalcedony entered the basal and/or apical apertures and infilled these lacunae after the endocarp wall had disintegrated and been infilled with chalcedony forming the initial cast. A very faint medial hairline groove on the ventral surface (text-fig. 1h) resembles the median longitudinal line seen in the Clarno specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130EC9A20831FFDAA6D790F9D6B4FD09" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Text-fig. 1p</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA4C990D9D77CFD09" author="Manchester, S. R." box="[146,335,702,726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref25068" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F11BC50831FFDAA4C990D9D73DFD09" box="[146,270,702,726]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The locule is not fully preserved, but appears to conform to the flattened, boat shaped, locule of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40831FFDAA4319098D767FCC9" authority="R. A. SCOTT" authorityName="R. A. SCOTT" authorityYear="1954" box="[106,340,767,791]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chandlera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94109350831FFDAA4319098D6EFFCC8" box="[106,220,767,791]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chandlera</emphasis>
|
||
R.A.SCOTT
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130EC9A20831FFDAA53A9098D7D3FCC8" box="[353,480,767,791]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="3.[106,187,1975,1996]" captionText="Text-fig. 1. cf. Pandanaceae (a–f), Menispermaceae (g–r). a–f: cf. Pandanaceae genus indet. Chalcedony cast of possible fruit segment, USNM PAL 772339. a: Lateral view, reflected light, palladium coated. b–f: Micro-CT scan surface renderings. b, c: Lateral views illustrating striations, d: Median longitudinal digital section showing the pronounced concavity at apex and indentation at base. e: Apical view, with inrolled margin. f: Basal view. g–n: Chandlera lacunosa, Wagon Bed. Silica cast of endocarp, USNM PAL 772340." pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Text-fig. 1q</figureCitation>
|
||
). The absence of cellular detail precludes further anatomical interpretation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B8AD5270831FFDAA4CB9127D78CFA40" blockId="5.[106,746,151,1439]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
|
||
This is the first report of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40831FFDAA5FE9127D424FC87" authorityName="R. A. SCOTT" authorityYear="1954" box="[421,535,832,856]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Chandlera" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94109350831FFDAA5FE9127D424FC87" box="[421,535,832,856]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Chandlera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
beyond the Clarno Formation, extending its range to the Rocky Mountains in the middle Eocene. Endocarps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40831FFDAA65391E6D48EFC46" box="[520,701,897,921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Menispermaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are common in the Eocene of the Northern Hemisphere, and are generically diverse in the Clarno (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA59291A6D4B6FC05" author="Manchester, S. R." box="[457,645,961,986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 205" refId="ref25068" refString="Manchester, S. R. (1994): Fruits and seeds of the middle Eocene Nut Beds Flora, Clarno Formation, Oregon. - Palaeontographica Americana, 58: 1 - 205." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49F11BC50831FFDAA59291A6D474FC06" box="[457,583,961,985]" country="United Kingdom" name="Manchester" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Manchester</collectingRegion>
|
||
1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), London Clay (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA4F29185D779FC25" author="Chandler, M. E. J." box="[169,330,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" refId="ref21465" refString="Chandler, M. E. J. (1961): The Lower Tertiary Floras of Southern England. I. Palaeocene Floras. London Clay Flora (Supplement). - British Museum (Natural History), London, 354 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110079" type="book" year="1961">Chandler 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Messel (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA5EE9185D4A0FC25" author="Collinson, M. E. & Manchester, S. R. & Wilde, V." box="[437,659,994,1018]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 251" refId="ref21564" refString="Collinson, M. E., Manchester, S. R., Wilde, V. (2012): Fossil fruits and seeds of the middle Eocene Messel Biota, Germany. - Abhandlungen der Senckenberg Gesellschaft fur Naturforschung, 570: 1 - 251." type="journal article" year="2012">Collinson et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Le Quesnoy (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA4829665D477FBC5" author="Jacques, F. M. B. & De Franceschi, D." box="[217,580,1026,1050]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="61 - 70" refId="ref23538" refString="Jacques, F. M. B., De Franceschi, D. (2005): Endocarps of Menispermaceae from Le Quesnoy outcrop (Sparnacian facies, Lower Eocene, Paris Basin). - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 135: 61 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. revpalbo. 2005.02.005" type="journal article" year="2005">Jacques and De Franceschi 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) floras, among others. Today, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40831FFDAA5749644D781FBE4" box="[303,434,1059,1083]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Tinosporeae">Tinosporeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are the most diverse tribe of the family and are pantropical with more temperate outliers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA42A9604D73BFBA3" author="Kessler, P. J. A." box="[113,264,1123,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="402 - 418" refId="ref23845" refString="Kessler, P. J. A. (1993): Menispermaceae. - In: Kubitzki, K. (ed.), The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. II. Flowering Plants. Dicotyledons. Magnoliid, Hamamelid and Caryophyllid Families. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 402 - 418. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 662 - 02899 - 5 _ 48" type="book chapter" year="1993">Kessler 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Extant genera are readily distinguishable from each other on the basis of fruit morphology (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA43196C2D6CCFB63" author="Jacques, F. M. B." box="[106,255,1188,1212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="47 - 87" refId="ref23492" refString="Jacques, F. M. B. (2009): Survey of the Menispermaceae endocarps. - Adansonia, Ser. 3, 31: 47 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / a 2009 n 1 a 4" type="journal article" year="2009">Jacques 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40831FFDAA5D796C3D421FB63" box="[396,530,1188,1212]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="78" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Tinosporeae">Tinosporeae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA64596C3D4ADFB63" author="Scott, R. A." box="[542,670,1188,1212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="66 - 97" refId="ref26222" refString="Scott, R. A. (1954): Fossil fruits and seeds from the Eocene Clarno Formation. - Palaeontographica, Abt. B., Palaophytologie, 96: 66 - 97." type="journal article" year="1954">Scott (1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA6F196C3D4D2FB63" author="Scott, R. A." box="[682,737,1188,1212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="74 - 81" refId="ref26258" refString="Scott, R. A. (1956): Evolution of some endocarpal features in the tribe Tinosporeae (Menispermaceae). - Evolution, 10: 74 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1956. tb 02831. x" type="journal article" year="1956">1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) suggested that extant
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C35AEA40831FFDAA50F96A2D420FB04" authority="MIERS" authorityName="MIERS" box="[340,531,1221,1245]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Menispermaceae" genus="Parabaena" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ranunculales" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94109350831FFDAA50F96A2D7F8FB02" box="[340,459,1221,1245]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Parabaena</emphasis>
|
||
MIERS
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a climbing vine of Indomalaysia, possessed the most similar living endocarp, although they differ greatly in size and sculpture (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA6EB9762D691FAE1" author="Scott, R. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="74 - 81" refId="ref26258" refString="Scott, R. A. (1956): Evolution of some endocarpal features in the tribe Tinosporeae (Menispermaceae). - Evolution, 10: 74 - 81. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1558 - 5646.1956. tb 02831. x" type="journal article" year="1956">Scott 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA4A8D60831FFDAA4E99741D77FFAE1" author="Jacques, F. M. B." box="[178,332,1318,1342]" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" pagination="47 - 87" refId="ref23492" refString="Jacques, F. M. B. (2009): Survey of the Menispermaceae endocarps. - Adansonia, Ser. 3, 31: 47 - 87. https: // doi. org / 10.5252 / a 2009 n 1 a 4" type="journal article" year="2009">Jacques 2009</bibRefCitation>
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). It is noteworthy that the family is dominated by vines and climbing shrubs, suggesting that the vegetation at the Wagon Bed locality offered a sufficiently forested environment for lianas.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |