315 lines
33 KiB
XML
315 lines
33 KiB
XML
<document id="49274933B0A9AA08F4BE5E9BED36DC86" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189523" ID-GBIF-Dataset="df612a62-82e3-4c6d-b77d-62fd4f592648" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189523" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461102969685" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Velzen, Robin Van, Larsen, Torben B. & Bakker, Freek T." docDate="2009" docId="9904380C7753F063F9DB752AFBCCF957" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02197p063.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2197" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Cymothoe druryi" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="653D40747757F065F94C736BFFFCFFB2" masterDocTitle="A new hidden species of the Cymothoe caenis - complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from western Africa" masterLastPageNumber="63" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1698592025284" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="B7B10FA07501F085EF2E081A02F926BF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="EE6A757F035F56D718844DD49726CC72">
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<mods:title id="38E668F9530CBFCB181C37684DEC92DD">A new hidden species of the Cymothoe caenis - complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from western Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="290E86E0F4765AB93B445472694D71FD" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="1E075ED2449D412E3C97A16D2EFE7CD3">
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<mods:roleTerm id="58F65B17CDE27B4B7FD2E85A8D872626">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="28A0D3DC2234605EAF9DBCE8D2277C31">Velzen, Robin Van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="27FE67B13FCFC54D1225AA221A71F632" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="27304D58BF0F2EDDF87F25ECEDA336D1">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1989F5679D0E49F9642A64C51325B6C4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="4E89FC40740340715D3036924CBBA336">Larsen, Torben B.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="4EFD1F5457A21CDD7AC1AB83144F5BC6" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="F2AAA2D258F154A0CF3B5E3FDE63E433">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A6315715EA54BB34BFFAE6E1AB914E09">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="640B3787F9C4963250762898E4A896D2">Bakker, Freek T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="96D76ECC9C6645CE0F77E1CA9643B7B5">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="73D56A08CC4E3673F21327D9647C0075">
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<mods:title id="75B051AA2A2D83FB635C205D213C237C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F58D9690AE9479C83DADC5C43D76F26B">
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<mods:date id="8F38330DF91681B9C4345FD6F5BB4B95">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3224AE0FADB316C58E333CEEC24B40E4" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F24ABE191D9BF902B1E6D1780FE84D14">2197</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:start id="2EFB6525765FDDE701AF5FCA03F02E04">53</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="447BF07F095350463A90E74301B82B1C">63</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="971FE19B0F49D30ADEFCDBB65F2399AD">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7CED29E9BAF41252B295D49884CC0478" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.189523</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F7D27CD8AB10B68C1A5EEC9B2E697F5E" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B90DF530038BC11B862FBA1DEE392D67" type="Zenodo-Dep">189523</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9904380C7753F063F9DB752AFBCCF957" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5619622" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119622454" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5619622" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9904380C7753F063F9DB752AFBCCF957" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9904380C7753F063F9DB752AFBCCF957" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
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<subSubSection id="59B7DA917753F061F9DB752AFEDEF9CC" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="1112891A7753F061F9DB752AFD28F9E8" blockId="4.[151,724,1600,1662]" box="[151,724,1600,1627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
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<heading id="4A5A3E767753F061F9DB752AFD28F9E8" bold="true" box="[151,724,1600,1627]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" reason="1">
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||
<emphasis id="23D955087753F061F9DB752AFD28F9E8" bold="true" box="[151,724,1600,1627]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
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<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997753F061F9DB752AFE9FF9E9" box="[151,355,1601,1627]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="druryi">
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<emphasis id="23D955087753F061F9DB752AFE9FF9E9" bold="true" box="[151,355,1601,1627]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Cymothoe druryi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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van Velzen & Larsen sp. nov.
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1112891A7753F061F9DB750FFEDEF9CC" blockId="4.[151,724,1600,1662]" box="[151,290,1636,1662]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
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<figureCitation id="8996959F7753F061F9DB750FFEFFF9CC" box="[151,259,1636,1662]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,257,823,847]" captionTargetBox="[296,1301,278,797]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[282,1310,271,812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Cymothoe drury sp. nov. from Sierra Leone [Rydon 102] (NHM, London 30414; the fultura is damaged) and Cymothoe caenis Drury from Nigeria [Rydon 81] (NHM, London 30446)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189525/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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–7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59B7DA917753F060F9DB75DBFAEAFA38" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" type="description">
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<paragraph id="1112891A7753F060F9DB75DBFF0BFF6A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1712,2010]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
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<emphasis id="23D955087753F061F9DB75DBFEC9F978" bold="true" box="[151,309,1712,1738]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Description.</emphasis>
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Male (Figures 4–5). Forewing
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<quantity id="D65524FF7753F061FBF475DAFCF2F979" box="[696,782,1713,1739]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
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long. The male is creamy white above with a hint of blueish-green. A faint straight discal line divides all wings in a slightly lighter basal half and a slightly darker distal half. There is a postdiscal line of irregular black spots, usually complete on the forewing, but incomplete on the hindwing. A dark, submarginal zig-zag band is separated from the equally dark margin. The abdominal fold is dark brown, and the basal part of both wings is dusted with grey which does not extend far into the wing surface. The underside is greenish-white with no tinge of yellow. A dark, fine, precise, straight discal line which is postdiscally lined with dark dustings crosses all wings. The submarginal chevrons appear as small, dark spots, connected by a light-grey submarginal band which is separated from the equally light-grey margin. The extent of the black markings varies broadly, but the pattern does not: variation is partly seasonally defined.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="45D2D9927752F060F9DB705CFB53FCC3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189525/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[296,1301,278,797]" targetPageId="5">
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<paragraph id="1112891A7752F060F9DB705CFB53FCC3" blockId="5.[151,1436,823,881]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="23D955087752F060F9DB705CFEE2FCFD" bold="true" box="[151,286,823,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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Male genitalia of
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<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997752F060F8A07053FD5CFCFD" box="[492,672,824,847]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drury" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="23D955087752F060F8A07053FD5CFCFD" box="[492,672,824,847]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Cymothoe drury</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="23D955087752F060FBE4705CFCFDFCFD" bold="true" box="[680,769,823,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="38EAE8737752F060FBE4705CFCFDFCFD" box="[680,769,823,847]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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from Sierra Leone [Rydon 102] (NHM, London 30414; the fultura is damaged) and
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<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997752F060F8D67031FD6BFCC3" authority="Drury" authorityName="Drury" box="[410,663,858,881]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
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<emphasis id="23D955087752F060F8D67031FDACFCC3" box="[410,592,858,881]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Cymothoe caenis</emphasis>
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Drury
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</taxonomicName>
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from Nigeria [Rydon 81] (NHM, London 30446).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="1112891A7752F060F98A70CBFE9EFB7A" blockId="5.[151,1437,928,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
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Female (Figures 6–7). Forewing
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<quantity id="D65524FF7752F060FB0B70CBFD65FC08" box="[583,665,928,954]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" unit="mm" value="37.0">37 mm</quantity>
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long. The upper side has the basal part of both wings dark-brown. This is followed by a white discal band that is precisely delineated, except at the end of the forewing cell where there are three irregular white spots. The band is so wide that the black postdiscal chevrons are largely inside the band. There is slight variation in the width of the white discal band, which is rarely (in <5% of the specimens) tinged with cream. The marginal chevrons are blackish-brown and bordered by a dark-brown margin. The underside shows the same pattern except for a fine, precise discal line bordering the dark basal part of the wings, and the submarginal chevrons which appear as small, dark spots, connected by a thin submarginal line.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1112891A7752F060F98A77BEFAEAFA38" blockId="5.[151,1437,928,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
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Male genitalia (
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<figureCitation id="8996959F7752F060F83277BEFE18FB5D" box="[382,484,1237,1263]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,257,823,847]" captionTargetBox="[296,1301,278,797]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[282,1310,271,812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Cymothoe drury sp. nov. from Sierra Leone [Rydon 102] (NHM, London 30414; the fultura is damaged) and Cymothoe caenis Drury from Nigeria [Rydon 81] (NHM, London 30446)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189525/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Figure 3</figureCitation>
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). The uncus is 4 times as long as wide and of the same length as the ventral edge of the massive gnathos. The frontal part of the tegumen has a brief hump followed by a slight dome. The valves have a curved wedge-shape, with a long indentation at the dorsal edge anterior of the vinculum; the tips have teeth that continue briefly along the ventral edge of the valves. Below the dorsal edge of the valves is a well-defined, toothed harpe. The penis is of the same length as the valves and has a slight s-shape.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="59B7DA917752F060F98A76FDFD39F832" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="1112891A7752F060F98A76FDFDA3FA65" blockId="5.[151,1437,928,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
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<emphasis id="23D955087752F060F98A76FDFE38FA02" bold="true" box="[198,452,1430,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="CE1637B87752F060F89976FDFDBBFA02" box="[469,583,1430,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
: 3
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<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7752F060FBCF76FDFCA3FA02" box="[643,863,1430,1456]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">SIERRA LEONE</collectingCountry>
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, Gola Forest,
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<date id="6513AFDA7752F060FD6D76FDFB57FA02" box="[1057,1195,1430,1456]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2006-04">April 2006</date>
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(T.B. Larsen leg., Zoological Museum Amsterdam coll.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1112891A7752F060F98A7688FDDEF90D" blockId="5.[151,1437,928,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
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<collectionCode id="77BC11DF7752F060F98A7688FEFAFA4F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[198,262,1507,1533]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">DNA</collectionCode>
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barcoded
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<typeStatus id="CE1637B87752F060F8C97688FE06FA4F" box="[389,506,1507,1533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7752F060FB447688FD81FA4F" box="[520,637,1507,1533]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">GUINEA</collectingCountry>
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: Diecké Forest,
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<date id="6513AFDA7752F060FA0F7688FBDDFA4F" box="[835,1057,1507,1533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2006-12-03">3 December 2006</date>
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(E. Vingerhoedt leg., G. Vande Weghe coll.);
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<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7752F060F8737561FDEAF996" box="[319,534,1546,1572]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">SIERRA LEONE</collectingCountry>
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: Gola Forest,
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<date id="6513AFDA7752F060FBF07561FCA0F996" box="[700,860,1546,1572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2006-04-03">3 April 2006</date>
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(T.B. Larsen leg.,
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<collectionCode id="77BC11DF7752F060FD717561FB82F996" box="[1085,1150,1546,1572]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">ZMA</collectionCode>
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coll.);
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<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7752F060FD997561FAB8F996" box="[1237,1348,1546,1572]" name="Ghana" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">GHANA</collectingCountry>
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: Bobiri Forest, Ƥ March/
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<date id="6513AFDA7752F060F82A755AFE15F9F9" box="[358,489,1585,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2007-04">April 2007</date>
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(T.B. Larsen leg.,
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<collectionCode id="77BC11DF7752F060FB87755AFCF1F9F9" box="[715,781,1585,1611]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">ZMA</collectionCode>
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coll.); Bobiri Forest,
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<date id="6513AFDA7752F060FD58755BFB81F9F9" box="[1044,1149,1584,1611]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1913-03-18">3 13–18</date>
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May 2007 (S. Szabolcs leg.,
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<collectionCode id="77BC11DF7752F060F99C7533FEEDF9C0" box="[208,273,1624,1650]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">ZMA</collectionCode>
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coll.); 3
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<date id="6513AFDA7752F060F8CD7533FDACF9C0" box="[385,592,1624,1650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2007-12-02">2 December 2007</date>
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(J.H. Boersma leg.,
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<collectionCode id="77BC11DF7752F060FA737533FC7CF9C0" box="[831,896,1624,1650]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a65z-wv6r" name="Universiteit van Amsterdam, Zoologisch Museum" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">ZMA</collectionCode>
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coll.); Kyabobo, Ƥ
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<date id="6513AFDA7752F060FD257533FB1CF9C0" box="[1129,1248,1624,1650]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2005-06">June 2005</date>
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(R. Vorgas leg.,
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<collectionCode id="77BC11DF7752F060F9DB7515FF23F92A" box="[151,223,1662,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">ABRI</collectionCode>
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coll.);
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<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7752F060F8747515FE45F92A" box="[312,441,1662,1688]" name="Nigeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">NIGERIA</collectingCountry>
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: Agbara, Ƥ
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<date id="6513AFDA7752F060FB007515FD0EF92A" box="[588,754,1662,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1992-10">October 1992</date>
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(D.P. Knoop leg. et coll.). All
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<collectionCode id="77BC11DF7752F060FD227515FB53F92A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" box="[1134,1199,1662,1688]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15536" name="Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">DNA</collectionCode>
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barcoded
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<typeStatus id="CE1637B87752F060FC637515FA93F92A" box="[1327,1391,1662,1688]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">types</typeStatus>
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||
are referenced on the
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<collectionCode id="77BC11DF7752F060F82575CEFE45F90D" box="[361,441,1701,1727]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">BOLD</collectionCode>
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||
website.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="1112891A7752F060F98A75A0FD39F832" blockId="5.[151,1437,928,2036]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<typeStatus id="CE1637B87752F060F98A75A0FEC4F957" box="[198,312,1739,1765]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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based on male genitalia:
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||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7752F060FB2075A0FD1DF957" box="[620,737,1739,1765]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">GUINEA</collectingCountry>
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||
: Diecké Forest,
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<date id="6513AFDA7752F060FAE875A1FB7AF957" box="[932,1158,1738,1765]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1933-03-14" valueMax="1933-03-26" valueMin="1933-03-14">33 14–26 March</date>
|
||
2003, 53
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||
<date id="6513AFDA7752F060FC5375A0FF24F8BE" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2003-09">September 2003</date>
|
||
,
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<date id="6513AFDA7752F060F9A9759AFE56F8BE" box="[229,426,1777,1804]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1943-05-07" valueMax="1943-05-16" valueMin="1943-05-07">43 7–16 May</date>
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2004 (Ph. Léonard & E. Vingerhoedt leg., Ph. Oremans coll.);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7752F060FD857599FA65F8BE" box="[1225,1433,1778,1804]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">IVORY COAST</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Sassandra,
|
||
<date id="6513AFDA7752F060F8577473FE26F881" box="[283,474,1816,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1997-10-03">3 October 1997</date>
|
||
(Ph. Moretto leg., Ph Oremans coll.);
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7752F060FAD37472FBE0F881" box="[927,1052,1817,1843]" name="Nigeria" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">NIGERIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
: Isheri Forest, 3
|
||
<date id="6513AFDA7752F060FDA47472FA60F881" box="[1256,1436,1817,1843]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1990-03-10">10 March 1990</date>
|
||
(D.P. Knoop leg., Muzeum Zoologiczne Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego coll.); Palm Grove Estate, Lagos, 3
|
||
<date id="6513AFDA7752F060FC33742BFECBF832" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="1985-10-22">22 October 1985</date>
|
||
(A. Knoop leg., D.P Knoop coll.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="59B7DA917752F063F98A74E7FC4CFE94" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="1112891A7752F063F98A74E7FBEEFF6A" blockId="5.[151,1437,928,2036]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1436,152,371]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087752F060F98A74E7FEAFF814" bold="true" box="[198,339,1932,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is dedicated to Dru
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997752F060FB9974E6FCE7F815" box="[725,795,1933,1959]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drury" status="sp. nov.">Drury</taxonomicName>
|
||
who described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997752F060FA9974E6FB63F814" box="[981,1183,1933,1958]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087752F060FA9974E6FB63F814" box="[981,1183,1933,1958]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Cymothoe caenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his Illustrations of Natural History volume 2 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997752F060F89B74D8FD94F87F" box="[471,616,1971,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drury" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753CF4EB7752F060F89B74D8FD94F87F" author="Drury" box="[471,616,1971,1997]" pageId="5" pageNumber="62" refString="Drury, D. (1773) Illustrations of natural history (Vol. 2). B. White, London." type="journal volume" year="1773">Drury, 1773</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), making it the first
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997752F060FA1174DFFC28F87F" box="[861,980,1972,1997]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087752F060FA1174DFFC28F87F" box="[861,980,1972,1997]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Cymothoe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species known to science. Despite his major contribution to the taxonomy of West African butterflies, none carries his name. It had been the intention of Heinrich Neustetter, who described many forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FA3773F3FC0EFF03" box="[891,1010,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FA3773F3FC0EFF03" box="[891,1010,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Cymothoe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
a century ago, to honour
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FC5773F3FA9DFF00" box="[1307,1377,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="drury" status="sp. nov.">Drury</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063F86B73D4FE62FF6A" box="[295,414,191,216]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063F86B73D4FE62FF6A" box="[295,414,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Cymothoe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it remained a manuscript name (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="753CF4EB7751F063FA1E73D5FBFFFF6A" author="Overlaet" box="[850,1027,190,216]" pageId="6" pageNumber="63" refString="Overlaet, F. G. (1952) Formes nouvelles ou peu connues de Nymphalides africains. Annales du Musee Royal du Congo Belge, ser. 8, 1 - 50." type="book chapter" year="1952">Overlaet, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1112891A7751F063F98A738EFC4CFE94" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
NB The
|
||
<typeStatus id="CE1637B87751F063F862738EFE9CFF4D" box="[302,352,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063F8C7738EFE06FF4C" box="[395,506,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063F8C7738EFE06FF4C" box="[395,506,229,254]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. caenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to have been lost: we shall designate a
|
||
<typeStatus id="CE1637B87751F063FD75738EFB65FF4D" box="[1081,1177,229,255]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, preferably from near the
|
||
<typeStatus id="CE1637B87751F063F98E7267FF09FE94" box="[194,245,268,294]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7751F063F89F7267FDD7FE94" box="[467,555,268,294]" name="Nigeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
when more material is available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="59B7DA917751F063F98A7259FCF7FAAB" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="1112891A7751F063F98A7259FF4AFEC1" blockId="6.[151,1436,152,371]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063F98A7259FE9BFEFE" bold="true" box="[198,359,306,332]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7751F063F8237259FE3BFEFE" box="[367,455,306,332]" name="Guinea-Bissau" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7751F063F8987259FD93FEFE" box="[468,623,306,332]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7751F063FB317259FD29FEFE" box="[637,725,306,332]" name="Liberia" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7751F063FBAE7259FC8CFEFE" box="[738,880,306,332]" name="Ivory Coast" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7751F063FA317259FC31FEFE" box="[893,973,306,332]" name="Ghana" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7751F063FA967259FBEAFEFE" box="[986,1046,306,332]" name="Togo" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
and western
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7751F063FDFA7259FAF2FEFE" box="[1206,1294,306,332]" name="Nigeria" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
(see
|
||
<figureCitation id="8996959F7751F063FC037259FF59FEC1" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 2" captionStartId="1.[151,270,1873,1897]" captionTargetBox="[278,1315,197,1844]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[272,1316,197,1848]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 2. DNA barcoding results. 1. Map of Africa showing the collection sites for the specimens examined in this study. Sites where C. caenis s. s. and C. druryi sp. nov. were collected are represented by triangles and pentagons respectively. 2. Neighbor joining haplotype tree based on K 2 P distances between DNA barcodes. Each specimen is identified by its sample ID code (see Table 1). CAM = Cameroon, CAR = Central African Republic, DRC = Democratic Republic of the Congo, GAB = Gabon, GH = Ghana, GUI = Guinea, NIG = Nigeria, SL = Sierra Leone, RWA = Rwanda." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189524/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1112891A7751F063F9DB77B7FCF7FAAB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1243,1306]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063F9DB77B7FEC8FB46" bold="true" box="[151,308,1244,1268]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">FIGURE 4–7.</emphasis>
|
||
Photographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063F8A877B6FD66FB46" box="[484,666,1245,1268]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="druryi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063F8A877B6FD66FB46" box="[484,666,1245,1268]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Cymothoe druryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FBED77B7FD0BFB46" bold="true" box="[673,759,1244,1268]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="38EAE8737751F063FBED77B7FD0BFB46" box="[673,759,1244,1268]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Gola Forest in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="69BAC98A7751F063FA9477B6FB99FB46" box="[984,1125,1245,1268]" name="Sierra Leone" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
. 3
|
||
<typeStatus id="CE1637B87751F063FDC077B6FB08FB46" box="[1164,1268,1245,1268]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: 4. dorsal view; 5. ventral view. Ƥ
|
||
<typeStatus id="CE1637B87751F063F8127669FE42FAAB" box="[350,446,1282,1305]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
: 6. dorsal view; 7 ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="59B7DA917751F063F98A7623FBCCF957" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="1112891A7751F063F98A7623FAD2FA02" blockId="6.[151,1436,1352,1765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063F98A7623FEBAFAD0" bold="true" box="[198,326,1352,1378]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
The male is effectively identical to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FA287622FBA0FAD1" authority="Drury. No" authorityName="Drury. No" box="[868,1116,1353,1379]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FA287622FC2AFAD0" box="[868,982,1353,1378]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. caenis</emphasis>
|
||
Drury. No
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
convincing differentiating macromorphological features were found despite the significant DNA differences reported above. The female is monomorphic but similar to one of the female forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FA0C76FDFC51FA1D" box="[832,941,1430,1455]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FA0C76FDFC51FA1D" box="[832,941,1430,1455]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. caenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that occur in the equatorial area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1112891A7751F063F98A76D7FBCCF957" blockId="6.[151,1436,1352,1765]" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063F89376D6FDACFA64" box="[479,592,1469,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="druryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063F89376D6FDACFA64" box="[479,592,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. druryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ significantly from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FD4E76D6FB34FA64" authority="Drury" authorityName="Drury" box="[1026,1224,1468,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FD4E76D6FB89FA64" box="[1026,1141,1469,1494]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. caenis</emphasis>
|
||
Drury
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the following features: a) The uncus is distinctly longer, and b) the strongly chitinised gnathos is even more massive; the chitinised uncus has the same length as the ventral edge of the gnathos (that ratio is only 0.70 in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FC4C7561FA91F991" box="[1280,1389,1546,1571]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FC4C7561FA91F991" box="[1280,1389,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. caenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). c) The frontal part of the tegumen is much less strongly domed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FAFE755AFBE1F9F8" box="[946,1053,1585,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FAFE755AFBE1F9F8" box="[946,1053,1585,1610]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. caenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. d) The dorsal edge of the valve, anterior of the vinculum, is indented in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FB21753CFD25F9C2" box="[621,729,1623,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="druryi">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FB21753CFD25F9C2" box="[621,729,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. druryi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and rounded in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FAD7753CFBF5F9C2" box="[923,1033,1623,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FAD7753CFBF5F9C2" box="[923,1033,1623,1648]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. caenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. e) The tip of the valve has larger teeth and these are continued briefly along the ventral edge of the valve, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FD3D7515FB1CF925" box="[1137,1248,1662,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FD3D7515FB1CF925" box="[1137,1248,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. caenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has small teeth which are not continued. f) The most significant difference is the presence of a well-defined, toothed harpe below the dorsal edge of the valve which is absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D6ADF2997751F063FA4675A0FC8BF956" box="[778,887,1739,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Cymothoe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="59" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caenis">
|
||
<emphasis id="23D955087751F063FA4675A0FC8BF956" box="[778,887,1739,1764]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">C. caenis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="8996959F7751F063FAF075A0FBDCF957" box="[956,1056,1739,1765]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,257,823,847]" captionTargetBox="[296,1301,278,797]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[282,1310,271,812]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Cymothoe drury sp. nov. from Sierra Leone [Rydon 102] (NHM, London 30414; the fultura is damaged) and Cymothoe caenis Drury from Nigeria [Rydon 81] (NHM, London 30446)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189525/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="59">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |