182 lines
21 KiB
XML
182 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="F8A63600EAFF1E63C0CFE02388AD4B1A" ID-DOI="10.26515/rzsi/v120/i2/2020/144245" ID-ISSN="2581-8686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13185173" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722611069569" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Purushothaman, Jasmine, Siddique, Alfisa, Bhowal, Aishee & Chandra, Kailash" docDate="2020" docId="8E218786FFDDFF8915D7FDAAFA40F2F2" docLanguage="en" docName="RecZoolSurvIndia.120.2.133-140.pdf" docOrigin="Records of the Zoological Survey of India 120 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB.3:RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleId="30C78A88DFAFB68AE5A0604D5A6B2FFB" docStyleName="RecZoolSurvIndia.2017-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Beroe gracilis Kunne, C. Zoologischer Anzeiger 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="137" masterDocId="7218FFFEFFD9FF8D1552FF5DFFDDF14A" masterDocTitle="Diversity of Ctenophores in the Sundarban Mangroves, Northern Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="140" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="137" updateTime="1722661628796" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="41E7E0096FF96845EABF8AE4604AEB13">
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<mods:title id="EC4F8D79B87D014674630C33E380CD81">Diversity of Ctenophores in the Sundarban Mangroves, Northern Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C20AD68E208AB1BD6DEC9D8AA734C49F">Purushothaman, Jasmine</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="DDC499542EC79C03DA5105DEB81320E7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E0262CCE2AF674075992EFE1B16F32B1">Siddique, Alfisa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7E78579ABE2AA303E59EE5A8BF771F2E">Bhowal, Aishee</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="747A092E2D64F84D46CC12A29FAEFFB0">Chandra, Kailash</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A41D06083CD9DAB43E3AAFEF15D73414">Records of the Zoological Survey of India</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E3A255CD64908D41CB6FCA42313F8D33">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="359C4959DEDC71B9005D5D120855978C">120</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7B82BB8B192062A96FB55ADE46861C92" type="DOI">10.26515/rzsi/v120/i2/2020/144245</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9C7066FB0822F6EC87E88629B78BBAE3" type="ISSN">2581-8686</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="92FA9D31055550D625CB016DCD49EFA5" type="Zenodo-Dep">13185173</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8E218786FFDDFF8915D7FDAAFA40F2F2" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E218786FFDDFF8915D7FDAAFA40F2F2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E218786FFDDFF8915D7FDAAFA40F2F2" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<subSubSection id="4E92651BFFDDFF8915D7FDAAFE0DF25B" box="[133,464,759,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="06373690FFDDFF8915D7FDAAFE0DF25B" blockId="4.[133,464,759,786]" box="[133,464,759,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<heading id="5D7F81FCFFDDFF8915D7FDAAFE0DF25B" box="[133,464,759,786]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF8915D7FDAAFF46F25B" bold="true" box="[133,155,759,785]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C1884D13FFDDFF8915F3FDA5FE0DF25B" authority="Kunne, 1939" authorityName="Kunne, C. Zoologischer Anzeiger" authorityYear="1939" box="[161,464,759,786]" class="Tentaculata" family="Pleurobrachiidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cydippida" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF8915F3FDA5FEE0F258" bold="true" box="[161,317,759,786]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Beroe gracilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF891411FDA5FE0DF25B" author="Kunne, C." box="[323,464,759,786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" pagination="172 - 174" refId="ref5811" refString="Kunne, C. 1939. Die Beroe (Ctenophora) der sudlichen Nordsee, Beroe gracilis n, sp. Zool. Anz., 127: 172 - 174." type="journal article" year="1939">Künne, 1939</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4E92651BFFDDFF8915D7FC69FA40F2F2" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="description">
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<paragraph id="06373690FFDDFF8915D7FC69FD00F203" blockId="4.[133,733,820,841]" box="[133,733,820,841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF8915D7FC69FF6EF203" author="Kunne, C." box="[133,179,820,841]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" pagination="172 - 174" refId="ref5811" refString="Kunne, C. 1939. Die Beroe (Ctenophora) der sudlichen Nordsee, Beroe gracilis n, sp. Zool. Anz., 127: 172 - 174." type="journal article" year="1939">1939</bibRefCitation>
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||
.
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<taxonomicName id="C1884D13FFDDFF8915E9FC69FD84F203" authority="Kunne, C. Zoologischer Anzeiger" authorityName="Kunne, C. Zoologischer Anzeiger" authorityYear="1939" box="[187,601,820,841]" class="Tentaculata" family="Pleurobrachiidae" genus="Beroe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cydippida" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="species" species="gracilis">
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||
<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF8915E9FC69FEEDF203" box="[187,304,820,841]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Beroe gracilis</emphasis>
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Künne, C.
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<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF8914C4FC69FD84F203" box="[406,601,820,841]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Zoologischer Anzeiger</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 127: 172-174.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="06373690FFDDFF8915FFFC32FCDDF553" blockId="4.[133,771,879,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF8915FFFC32FE53F2C3" box="[173,398,879,905]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Material examined:</emphasis>
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WN-CTEN-004;
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<materialsCitation id="B6E03CCDFFDDFF891738FC32FCDDF553" collectingDate="2018-01-20" collectorName="Coll. Jasmine P. & Party." country="India" elevation="10" latitude="21.654999" location="Sundarbans" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="88.47053" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" specimenCount="5" stateProvince="West Bengal">
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||
<specimenCount id="108EFD19FFDDFF891738FC32FCDDF2C3" box="[618,768,879,906]" count="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" type="generic">5 specimens</specimenCount>
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||
. The samples were collected from the Thakuran Channel (Stations 3 and 4): Surface water,
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<elevation id="8DA5D1A3FFDDFF891758FCEAFD9BF29B" box="[522,582,951,977]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" unit="m" value="10.0">10 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="63BC5057FFDDFF891705FCEAFD22F29B" box="[599,767,951,977]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" precision="1" seconds="18.1" value="21.705029">21°42' 18.1" N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="63BC5057FFDDFF8915D7FC86FEF8F2BF" box="[133,293,987,1014]" degrees="88" direction="east" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" precision="1" seconds="51.0" value="88.51417">88° 30' 51.0" E</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate id="63BC5057FFDDFF89147DFC86FE67F2BF" box="[303,442,987,1013]" degrees="21" direction="north" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" precision="15" seconds="18" value="21.654999">21°39' 18" N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="63BC5057FFDDFF891497FC86FDB8F2BF" box="[453,613,987,1013]" degrees="88" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" precision="1" seconds="13.9" value="88.47053">88° 28' 13.9" E</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<location id="0357604BFFDDFF89172AFC86FD23F2BF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8E218786FFDDFF8915D7FDAAFA40F2F2:0357604BFFDDFF89172AFC86FD23F2BF" box="[632,766,987,1013]" country="India" latitude="21.654999" longLatPrecision="15" longitude="88.47053" name="Sundarbans" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" stateProvince="West Bengal">Sundarbans</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="C44CF872FFDDFF8915D7FCA2FECFF553" box="[133,274,1023,1049]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingCountry id="7E9F7600FFDDFF89144EFCA2FE84F553" box="[284,345,1023,1049]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">India</collectingCountry>
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,
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||
<date id="72361050FFDDFF891436FCA2FE0FF553" box="[356,466,1023,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" value="2018-01-20">
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||
<collectingDate id="6272E9B8FFDDFF891436FCA2FE0FF553" box="[356,466,1023,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" value="2018-01-20">20.1.2018</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
.
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||
<collectorName id="AB7D5346FFDDFF891489FCA2FD54F553" box="[475,649,1023,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Coll. Jasmine P.</collectorName>
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and
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<collectorName id="AB7D5346FFDDFF8917EDFCA2FCDDF553" box="[703,768,1023,1049]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Party.</collectorName>
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="06373690FFDDFF8915FFFB6CFD68F708" blockId="4.[133,771,1072,1603]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF8915FFFB6CFEEFF500" box="[173,306,1073,1098]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Description:</emphasis>
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Body is barrel-shaped, oral-aboral ends are rounded, and very subtle lateral compression is evident in the tentacular plane. The comb plates, substomodeal and subtentacular which are equal in length run to threefourths the body length, starting from the aboral pole to the oral pole. A wide semicircular mouth opening into a large pharynx, which covers almost all space of the inner part of the body. A row of macrocilia formed as a wideband on the oral part of the pharynx. The meridional canals lack branches. The four meridional canals meet the pharyngeal canal via the oral fork. The body has whitish to pink colouration with maximum height of
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<quantity id="C1709B75FFDDFF8917BAFAE1FF6EF4B1" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
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(
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||
<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF891590FABDFE96F4B1" author="Greve, W." box="[194,331,1504,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" refId="ref5493" refString="Greve, W. 1975. Ctenophora. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton 146. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer., Kopenhagen: 6." type="journal volume" year="1975">Greve, 1975</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF891404FABDFE0EF4B1" author="Liley, R." box="[342,467,1504,1531]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" refId="ref5894" refString="Liley, R. 1958. Ctenophora. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton 82. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer, Kopenhagen: 5." type="journal volume" year="1958">Liley, 1958</bibRefCitation>
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). Apical organ consists of a statolith at the middle and surrounded by unsplit aboral papillae with a smaller length than statolith dome.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="06373690FFDDFF8915FFF907FE7AF662" blockId="4.[133,771,1626,1832]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF8915FFF907FEC2F739" box="[173,287,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Specimens are
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<quantity id="C1709B75FFDDFF8914B1F907FD98F73E" box="[483,581,1626,1652]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="3.0">3-6 mm</quantity>
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in diameter or width. Total length
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<quantity id="C1709B75FFDDFF891439F923FE6CF7D2" box="[363,433,1662,1688]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
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||
from oral to aboral end, the width of the mouth is about
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||
<quantity id="C1709B75FFDDFF891499F9FFFDF8F7F6" box="[459,549,1698,1724]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
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. The ctene plates in the subtentacular rows is 29 – 31 and the ctene plates in substomodeal are 36 – 39, the size of the statocyst dome is about 230 µm (
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<figureCitation id="9EB32A15FFDDFF89147FF853FE47F662" box="[301,410,1806,1832]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="1.[861,934,1787,1811]" captionTargetBox="[861,1498,1189,1759]" captionTargetId="figure-409@1.[861,1498,1189,1759]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Figure 2. Collected ctenophore species of Sundarbans, Bay of Bengal, Northern Indian Ocean. (a) Pleurobrachia pileus; (b) Pleurobrachia globosa; (c) Beroe gracilis; (d) Beroe ovata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13185179" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13185179/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Figure 2c</figureCitation>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="06373690FFDDFF891639FF8AFBAEF313" blockId="4.[835,1479,215,602]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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||
<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF891639FF8AFC0CF1BB" box="[875,977,215,241]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Remarks:</emphasis>
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The specimens collected from this area are almost similar to those collected from Chilean waters (
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<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF891618FE42FBEAF073" author="Oliveira, O. M. P. & Feliu, G. & Palma S." box="[842,1079,287,313]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref6273" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P., Feliu, G. and Palma S. 2014. Beroe gracilis (Ctenophora) from the Humboldt Current System: First occurrence of this species in the southern hemisphere. Zootaxa, 3827 (3): 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3827.3.10. PMid: 25081170." type="journal article" year="2014">
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Oliveira
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<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF8916E3FE7DFC2CF073" box="[945,1009,287,313]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">et al.,</emphasis>
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2014
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
). The specimens of
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<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF891073FE7DFA1DF073" author="Kunne, C." box="[1313,1472,287,314]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" pagination="172 - 174" refId="ref5811" refString="Kunne, C. 1939. Die Beroe (Ctenophora) der sudlichen Nordsee, Beroe gracilis n, sp. Zool. Anz., 127: 172 - 174." type="journal article" year="1939">Künne (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
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||
<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF891627FE1EFBA5F017" author="Wrobel, D. & Mills, C." box="[885,1144,323,349]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" refId="ref7122" refString="Wrobel, D. and Mills, C. 2003. Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates: a guide to the common gelatinous animals. Sea Challengers and the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California: 108." type="journal volume" year="2003">Wrobel & Mills (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
are slender than the present specimens. The present specimens are characterized with broadband of macrocilia inside the oral part of the pharynx, which is same as described by
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<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF891059FEEDFC53F0A4" author="Tamm, S. L. & Tamm, S." pageId="4" pageNumber="137" pagination="79 - 89" refId="ref6898" refString="Tamm, S. L. and Tamm, S. 1993. Diversity of macrociliary size, tooth patterns, and distribution in Beroe (Ctenophora). Zoomorphology, 113 (2): 79 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00403086." type="journal article" year="1993">Tamm & Tamm (1993)</bibRefCitation>
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. This species has not been reported by earlier workers from this region, so it may be an alien species. This is the first record of this species from the coast of Sundarbans, Bay of Bengal.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="06373690FFDDFF891639FD2CFC55F3BD" blockId="4.[835,1473,625,759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
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||
<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF891639FD2CFBAEF3C1" box="[875,1139,625,651]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Other observation notes:</emphasis>
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The specimens observed were alive and active swimmers. The samples were collected from the same station having swarms of
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<taxonomicName id="C1884D13FFDDFF891075FDE4FC55F3BD" authority="pileus." authorityName="Pileus." class="Tentaculata" family="Pleurobrachiidae" genus="Pleurobrachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cydippida" pageId="4" pageNumber="140" phylum="Ctenophora" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF891075FDE4FC5FF3BD" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Pleurobrachia pileus</emphasis>
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.
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||
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="06373690FFDDFF891639FC53FA40F2F2" blockId="4.[835,1472,782,953]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF891639FC53FC25F262" box="[875,1016,782,808]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
This is the first instance of sighting of this species from the Northern
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1884D13FFDDFF8911B6FC6FFA1DF207" authority="Ocean, Bay" authorityName="Ocean, Bay" box="[1252,1472,818,845]" class="Aves" family="Phasianidae" genus="Indian" kingdom="Animalia" order="Galliformes" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Indian Ocean, Bay</taxonomicName>
|
||
of Bengal.
|
||
<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF891691FC0BFBF2F23A" box="[963,1071,854,880]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">Elsewhere</emphasis>
|
||
: North
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C1884D13FFDDFF8911C0FC0BFAB1F23A" authority="(Kunne, 1939)" baseAuthorityName="Kunne" baseAuthorityYear="1939" box="[1170,1388,854,880]" genus="Deep" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="sea">
|
||
Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF891199FC0BFAB9F23A" author="Kunne, C." box="[1227,1380,854,880]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" pagination="172 - 174" refId="ref5811" refString="Kunne, C. 1939. Die Beroe (Ctenophora) der sudlichen Nordsee, Beroe gracilis n, sp. Zool. Anz., 127: 172 - 174." type="journal article" year="1939">Kunne, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, North Atlantic Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF8916ACFC27FB51F2DF" author="Greve, W." box="[1022,1164,890,917]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" refId="ref5493" refString="Greve, W. 1975. Ctenophora. Fiches d'Identification du Zooplancton 146. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer., Kopenhagen: 6." type="journal volume" year="1975">Greve, 1975</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Pacific Ocean (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF89101CFC27FC1DF2F2" author="Wrobel, D. & Mills, C." pageId="4" pageNumber="137" refId="ref7122" refString="Wrobel, D. and Mills, C. 2003. Pacific coast pelagic invertebrates: a guide to the common gelatinous animals. Sea Challengers and the Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, California: 108." type="journal volume" year="2003">Wrobel & Mills, 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Chilean waters (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="62194B61FFDDFF8911E0FCC3FA4FF2F2" author="Oliveira, O. M. P. & Feliu, G. & Palma S." box="[1202,1426,926,952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="137" pagination="397 - 400" refId="ref6273" refString="Oliveira, O. M. P., Feliu, G. and Palma S. 2014. Beroe gracilis (Ctenophora) from the Humboldt Current System: First occurrence of this species in the southern hemisphere. Zootaxa, 3827 (3): 397 - 400. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3827.3.10. PMid: 25081170." type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Oliveira
|
||
<emphasis id="34FCEA82FFDDFF891047FCC2FA8CF2F2" box="[1301,1361,926,952]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="137">et al.,</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |