181 lines
19 KiB
XML
181 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="6D6D96125B73DDE5A050A1502F09EC21" ID-CLB-Dataset="33559" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e53fb8f2-2a76-4856-b154-1faef6ee81fd" ID-PMC="PMC4205731" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-444-1" ID-PubMed="25349499" ID-ZooBank="FB83BDD3958A456DBFEA9C6C28D3E4D5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-444-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 444" ModsDocTitle="Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific" checkinTime="1451245266514" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reimer, James D., Poliseno, Angelo & Hoeksema, Bert W." docDate="2014" docId="8DBC3EF75CF00FA454FAA9D276395502" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 444: 1-57" docOrigin="ZooKeys 444" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537" docTitle="Epizoanthus illoricatus Tischbierek 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="FFCCA07FFFC4625F1C6AFFB4EC3BFFB7" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1701385215740" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F9416D93DB73188696699415F675D4B6">Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A8689BE24295CE98B6295EF810475CBF">Reimer, James D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5E79E6F7F3710850D8300DB0D5ABA1B8">Poliseno, Angelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2912234ABDEC066BB1E9806DB5976FC">Hoeksema, Bert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="AB0F0B6FAED300E1BB77BCEE114360A3">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A257C93CDEEFBA3473A201857A40D6E4">444</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="9AC0BCD49AD423D965FCA555D64A2C80">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="38E06007EFC0CE109745805F45E7150A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BB6F68FDE6852F00C5B20399F90ABC2D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8DBC3EF75CF00FA454FAA9D276395502" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152055721" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8DBC3EF75CF00FA454FAA9D276395502" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8DBC3EF75CF00FA454FAA9D276395502" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="53499F3B5BB2C90717C7E73B380705CE" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="B65CF1CB0D530DFE20268FAA715CE383" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taxon classification Animalia Zoantharia Epizoanthidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C41288CF0135FDE5ECD80FC2CC1FFB34" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F0EFE28748DC8BC39042A2E8E3E8A626" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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23.
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<taxonomicName id="ED2D74EF358AB2C0CCC7E3F77D45C1EA" ID-CoL="6FWW8" authority="Tischbierek, 1930" authorityName="Tischbierek" authorityYear="1930" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus Tischbierek, 1930</taxonomicName>
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Figures 20A, 21
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6665AD589D49C5E358105ABE6458AAD7" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph id="24BD82D61A62DC2BF57FB7E7EB4FEA76" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Specimens examined</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F0C8818540CD09357A6662B9120099CA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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(n=4). RMNH Coel 40533,
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<normalizedToken id="52B96819414C9FF107070C1338B0300F" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition Station 4.222, south of Pulau Tarupa Kecil, Taka Bone Rate (
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<geoCoordinate id="2BFE4A4769B7DC00351F77B1AEAB3023" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-6.5249996">06°31'30"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4A120915F2CD3AB92500580E3354D8CB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="121.13333">121°08'00"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth 58 m, collected on October 15, 1984 by rectangular dredge; RMNH Coel 40546,
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<normalizedToken id="582A1356AB7A577E232F9C90BBBFD759" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Expedition Station 4.051, east of Melolo, northeast Sumba (
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<geoCoordinate id="388D6A4E1AF53F7B66E3270AA7ED97C8" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-9.891666">09°53'30"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CD2FD3B83F8F4360C86AD2FC96A95906" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="120.71166">120°42'42"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 75 to 90 m, collected on September 13, 1984 by rectangular dredge; RMNH Coel 40571, Ternate Expedition Station TER.27, Tanjung Ratemu, south of river, west Halmahera Sea (
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<geoCoordinate id="677661D599877C4435D0B871695A315F" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="0.9122222">00°54'44"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A96A8530985733CB857431C308CB2295" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="127.48611">127°29'10"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 20 m, collected on November 08, 2007 by B.W. Hoeksema; RMNH Coel 40758, station LEM.32, north Sarena Kecil, Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate id="3318C37636F70B7E688770FD4085FACC" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="1.4572222">01°27'26"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="75C13969AFC2BAF435FFE116EC155CAB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="125.22723">125°13'38"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 30 m, collected on February 16, 2012 by B.W. Hoeksema.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="43803C7B0D8767D8D006646937557B86" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="photographic records">
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<paragraph id="D8C71A913150B88A5B80288F7C77CA6F" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Photographic records</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C876F21F9A89F992D65C96FA43617190" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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(n=6). West Menjangan, West Bali (
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<geoCoordinate id="F3BEBAA7344FF51584AD8B8132BE3D00" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-8.0925">08°05'33"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="821BAC3F8E3D6173C9963F11569A6304" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="114.49638">114°29'47"E</geoCoordinate>
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) May 22, 1998 (3 different specimens); Maluku Expedition station MAL.21, north coast Ambon Bay, Tanjung Hatupero, east of Lilibooi, Ambon (
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<geoCoordinate id="60E1F71DCDFAD6AF6F73752CDC3EB82E" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.7333333">03°44'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3F18AF516C7142FD1C7332580FC5749C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="128.03334">128°02'E</geoCoordinate>
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), November 20, 1996; southeast Likuan, Bunaken, North Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate id="7F794D1C84B7EFAF1B215F1B2C52750C" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.6">01°36'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="52DA94E00AAA0CE01B8E562BAB0B476E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="124.78333">124°47'E</geoCoordinate>
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), May 10, 1998; station BER.04, south Pulau Derawan, East Kalimantan (
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<geoCoordinate id="7D458AD8237DB229C1A1A4F97E81BB08" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="2.2841666">02°17'03"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="DACD0FAA0542C174B5A43B863F92012B" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.24694">118°14'49"E</geoCoordinate>
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), October 18, 2003.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4D8F7E329A5CFCBB52F5BD96FE8CF70D" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
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<paragraph id="DF66B6C3BC8E22452FBA09618B581C7B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="422608AC5B88A88985C9ED028C92FA43" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Originally described from the Philippines. Azooxanthellate. Polyps of this species often grow at the outer bends of the zig-zag shaped tubes, and combined with
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<normalizedToken id="0DB1AA62A2E0E42D0AC6DD18E8453B57" originalValue="polyps’">polyps'</normalizedToken>
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smaller size and thin coenenchyme (Figure 20A), colonies appear to be much less crowded than as seen in
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<taxonomicName id="9D5DA2ECC90D34EC7FE1C8877798A07B" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus aff. illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 20B).
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="7027A77E81CCA4D231AC068AB9A6C52F" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph id="5C9533D88A4C050453F7D48A5CA23F66" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Figure 20. Images of
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<taxonomicName id="2F0F9D26BF3D82C3A2048CB32B7D1358" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Epizoanthus</taxonomicName>
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species from specimens and photographic records in this study. A
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<taxonomicName id="86BC6F184BE728C691201D47132C9134" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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at west Pulau Menjangan, West Bali, May 22, 1998; and B
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<taxonomicName id="725144C3FD6B78EAF4FD81871F4494B7" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus aff. illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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at Tulamben, east coast of Bali, July 10, 1997.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="6CFCE67B160CB0EDB6745B74E67F9402" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Polyps of specimens in the RMNH collection are generally less than 1 mm in diameter, and never more than 2 mm, and of approximately equal height. Coenenchyme generally light gray in color, oral disk and tentacles semi-translucent brown. Tentacles in images 20-22 in number, much thinner than as seen in
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<taxonomicName id="77510F12DBC8237FB3240305D68B380E" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus aff. illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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below, with orange or white colored proximal tips, longer in length than oral disk diameter. The two deeper specimens (RMNH Coel 40533 and 40546) have highly developed thin coenenchymes covering the entire worm
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<normalizedToken id="76BA607006E934851817EC727E34DCA0" originalValue="tubes’">tubes'</normalizedToken>
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surface, and are both dark black in color. On the other hand, the shallower specimens had some unitary polyps, and colonial polyps were often in clusters of two or three with poorly developed coenenchyme.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D73C01930FC6F53273D4351F452DCCEB" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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The morphological characters and dimensions observed in the specimens in this study agree well with the original description by
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<bibRefCitation id="EDB5FF408BF5C69847B35FC94FA064E1" author="Tischbierek, H" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="91 - 95" title="Zoanthiden auf Wurmrohren." volume="91" year="1930">Tischbierek (1930)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="239F16F6014C6672B1834C9690E5AB0C" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="EA25499CBA5CA290D4FF067A61B293F0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="994C81DCEC110F4DC0EAECA15F574BAD" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Regions recorded in this study (Figure 21). West Bali (4), northeast Sumba (6), Take Bone Rate (11), Moluccas (14), west Halmahera Sea (16), Lembeh Strait (17), Bunaken (18), Berau Islands (19).</paragraph>
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<caption id="6318B92714C40613E4698543F6AAB4E9" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<paragraph id="9862A78D945087F3D899E1C0D274BA52" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Figure 21. Distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="14655B69A20F3149F353911BF24A3FB3" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Epizoanthus</taxonomicName>
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species from specimens and photographic records from this study.
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<taxonomicName id="7DAF094B38C049E07C8453B830B9E285" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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specimens in red, and
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<taxonomicName id="7655750D52D75A37EF61BA10D0652D0B" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus aff. illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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in green. Region numbers correspond to locations given in
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<normalizedToken id="F86DD6DA1F64436CFB6B1ED4F44C93D1" originalValue="species’">species'</normalizedToken>
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information. Boxes indicate presence of specimens (with or without photographic records), while circles indicate only photographic records.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="10F3B361E6E621DD85DC039E18AC58DB" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Past records. Originally described from Manila, and subsequently reported from Taiwan (
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<bibRefCitation id="B49D2DB9CDBD48319EF0386D5C030FF8" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Studies" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" title="Phylogenetic analyses of shallow water zoanthids (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia) and their Symbiodinium spp. from Taiwan." volume="52" year="2013 a">Reimer et al. 2013a</bibRefCitation>
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), New Caledonia (
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<bibRefCitation id="CBA429286E2D362F64527F3AD9015679" author="Sinniger, F" editor="Payri, C" journalOrPublisher="IRD Editions, Noumea" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="127 - 128" title="Zoanthids of New Caledonia." volumeTitle="Compendium of marine species from New Caledonia" year="2006">Sinniger 2006</bibRefCitation>
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||
), Palau (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="339778B4EDE74710AC0B8B476D8F28E3" author="Reimer, JD" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="37 - 44" title="Zoanthid (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) species of coral reefs in Palau." url="10.1007/s12526-013-0180-5" volume="44" year="2014 a">Reimer et al. 2014a</bibRefCitation>
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||
), and Osprey Reef, Australia in the Coral Sea (
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<bibRefCitation id="1F83ACD1F0E7DE19F570205979BFCF76" author="Lindsay, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Marine Technology Society Journal" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="20 - 32" title="The unthered remotely-operated vehicle PICASSO- 1 and its deployment from chartered dive vessels for deep-sea surveys off Okinawa, Japan, and Osprey Reef, Coral Sea, Australia." url="10.4031/MTSJ.46.4.3" volume="46" year="2012">Lindsay et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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), indicating a western Indo-Pacific distribution. Found from specimens in this study as shallow as 20 m, and as deep as 90 m, similar to depths reported at Osprey Reef (=82.5 m) (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="FE587DA8DFD1BE5AF9BE92CEFA069E54" author="Lindsay, DJ" journalOrPublisher="Marine Technology Society Journal" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="20 - 32" title="The unthered remotely-operated vehicle PICASSO- 1 and its deployment from chartered dive vessels for deep-sea surveys off Okinawa, Japan, and Osprey Reef, Coral Sea, Australia." url="10.4031/MTSJ.46.4.3" volume="46" year="2012">Lindsay et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="0300902FB73B1684E0EEA8F9D4DA5844" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="2330F31284F36DD48FBBDADF20D50104" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A1E3F07BF82EDF11C3D82D3E68402C34" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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Until this report, any
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<taxonomicName id="7A9011A1A9B74E9CF36724EB2F1A15CD" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Epizoanthus</taxonomicName>
|
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spp. on a zig-zag shaped eunicid worm was recorded as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="524BB990DB5D7425326D1E8E88D21BE3" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, from the preliminary analyses here, it appears that there may be two or more species within this group. Thus, previous records must be treated with caution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |