treatments-xml/data/5D/03/C3/5D03C374AF19FFC1FED3FC16D2B3B84C.xml

<document id="06ABAD9AAC8004D5FE1F25F1AD36CA3F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.155945" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a7d017ef-50c9-40dc-95e4-18ea66b56245" ID-ISSN="1175­5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="155945" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459440504609" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Deans, Andrew R." docDate="2002" docId="5D03C374AF19FFC1FED3FC16D2B3B84C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00095.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 95" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Papatuka Deans" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="A13ABB0CAF18FFC4FFDBFF8AD044BC4A" masterDocTitle="Papatuka alamunyiga Deans, a new genus and species of apterous ensign wasp (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Kenya" masterLastPageNumber="8" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="2" updateTime="1698189893038" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="3A4AB4DF2616B028E6969A203F968A4F">Papatuka alamunyiga Deans, a new genus and species of apterous ensign wasp (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Kenya</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="F9A290206EFF383780AB8D898DCB1096">Deans, Andrew R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="02F624EE0184032C29D290A7BEC899D0">2002</mods:date>
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<treatment id="5D03C374AF19FFC1FED3FC16D2B3B84C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6277531" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119330372" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6277531" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5D03C374AF19FFC1FED3FC16D2B3B84C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D03C374AF19FFC1FED3FC16D2B3B84C" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<subSubSection id="9DB021E9AF19FFC5FED3FC16D208BFFF" box="[264,588,923,950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="D5157262AF19FFC5FED3FC16D208BFFF" blockId="1.[264,588,923,950]" box="[264,588,923,950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<heading id="8E5DC50EAF19FFC5FED3FC16D208BFFF" bold="true" box="[264,588,923,950]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" reason="1">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF19FFC5FED3FC16D208BFFF" bold="true" box="[264,588,923,950]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF19FFC5FED3FC16D195BFFF" ID-CoL="63JGD" authority="Deans" authorityName="Deans" box="[264,465,923,950]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Papatuka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF19FFC5FED3FC16D138BFFC" bold="true" box="[264,380,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Papatuka</emphasis>
Deans
</taxonomicName>
, gen. nov.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DB021E9AF19FFC5FED3FC6CD266B81B" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D5157262AF19FFC5FED3FC6CD442B84B" blockId="1.[264,1324,998,1904]" box="[264,1030,998,1025]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF19FFC5FED3FC6CD1F0B84A" bold="true" box="[264,436,998,1024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<typeStatus id="0A11CCC0AF19FFC5FED3FC6CD101B84A" box="[264,325,998,1024]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Type</typeStatus>
species.­
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF19FFC5FE67FC6DD355B84B" authority="Deans" authorityName="Deans" box="[444,785,999,1025]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Papatuka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamunyiga">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF19FFC5FE67FC6DD2F9B84A" box="[444,701,999,1024]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Papatuka alamunyiga</emphasis>
Deans
</taxonomicName>
, current designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5157262AF19FFC5FEE3FB84D266B81B" blockId="1.[264,1324,998,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF19FFC5FEE3FB84D252B862" bold="true" box="[312,534,1038,1064]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Habitus (female):</emphasis>
Apterous, antlike in appearance with relatively small eyes, long antennae, and long legs.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DB021E9AF19FFC5FEE3FBD4D2B4BB3A" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" type="description">
<paragraph id="D5157262AF19FFC5FEE3FBD4D3CDB922" blockId="1.[264,1324,998,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF19FFC5FEE3FBD4D1C0B832" bold="true" box="[312,388,1118,1144]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Head:</emphasis>
Position of the mandible and small eye give head a somewhat elongate appearance, sparsely setose with short fine hairs, nitid laterally, sparsely sculptured frontally. Head hemispherical in lateral view. Face with 2 lines leading ventrally from antenna sockets to clypeus. Clypeus flat, slightly protruding medially. Antenna long, setose with short fine hairs. Flagellomeres numbering 11 with placoid sensilla. Mandible with 4 teeth. Maxillary and labial palps extremely short, with 4 and 3 segments respectively, mostly obscured behind mandibles. Ocelli relatively reduced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5157262AF19FFC5FEE3FAFCD3E7BACA" blockId="1.[264,1324,998,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF19FFC5FEE3FAFCD181B9DA" bold="true" box="[312,453,1398,1424]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Mesosoma:</emphasis>
Appearing strongly compacted dorsally and very sparsely sculptured. Mesoscutum protruding slightly over pronotum. Epicnemial carina present as strong ridge. Metapleural furculum present with short, broadly separated projections. Notauli present as linear impressions. Tegulae and wings completely absent. Legs elongate. Fore and mid coxae widely separated. 
<collectingCountry id="ADBD32F2AF19FFC5FD43F99CD297BA7A" box="[664,723,1558,1584]" name="India" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Hind</collectingCountry>
and mid coxae almost touching. Tarsomeres elongate, with some erect spines slightly longer than surrounding setae. Tarsal claw elongate and thin with basal tooth as wide as terminus but shorter.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5157262AF19FFC5FEE3F904D2B4BB3A" blockId="1.[264,1324,998,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF19FFC5FEE3F904D180BAE2" bold="true" box="[312,452,1678,1704]" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">Metasoma:</emphasis>
Petiole (metasomal tergite 1) rugose laterally, rugulose and sparsely foveolate dorsally, relatively long. Gaster (metasomal tergites 2­8) relatively large, ovoid, with all segments present and roughly equal in size. Metasoma tergum 9 setose posteriorly. Hypopygium expanded posteriorly and dorsally. Ovipositor short, straight, partially hidden within metasoma, exserted portion as long as hind tarsomere 3. Ovipositor sheath setose at tip, slightly shorter than ovipositor.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DB021E9AF1AFFC6FEE3FE91D139BE6C" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1AFFC6FEE3FE91D455BDCC" blockId="2.[264,1323,283,390]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1AFFC6FEE3FE91D18CBD7F" bold="true" box="[312,456,283,309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Etymology:</emphasis>
The genus name is a Swahili word (
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1AFFC6FCAEFE96D3A6BD7C" box="[885,994,284,310]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Papatuka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">papatuka</taxonomicName>
) meaning “to be clean” and refers to the general appearance of this wasp (wingless, very little sculpturing or setae) when compared with other ensign wasps. The gender is feminine.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1AFFC6FED3FE6ED139BE6C" blockId="2.[264,722,483,550]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1AFFC6FED3FE6ED222BDB7" authority="Deans" authorityName="Deans" box="[264,614,483,510]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Papatuka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamunyiga" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1AFFC6FED3FE6ED222BDB7" bold="true" box="[264,614,483,510]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1AFFC6FED3FE6ED256BDB4" bold="true" box="[264,530,484,510]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Papatuka alamunyiga</emphasis>
Deans
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1AFFC6FDAEFE69D296BDB7" bold="true" box="[629,722,483,509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCED130BAF1AFFC6FDAEFE69D296BDB7" box="[629,722,483,509]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1AFFC6FECBFD86D136BE6C" box="[272,370,524,550]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="3.[264,367,1447,1471]" captionStartId-1="4.[264,368,1718,1742]" captionStartId-2="5.[264,367,1371,1395]" captionTargetBox-0="[266,1314,634,1415]" captionTargetBox-1="[632,947,461,1688]" captionTargetBox-2="[588,1009,1158,1342]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[265,1316,633,1417]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[623,951,449,1693]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[583,1013,1151,1342]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, sinistral habitus, B, tarsal claw, not same scale as habitus, C, Parevania afra Kieffer tarsal claw for comparison, not same scale as habitus, D, “ genus D ” hind tarsomeres for comparison, not same scale as habitus. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, frontal view of head, B, dorsal habitus excluding metasomal terga posterior to the petiole. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., third label from holotype with potential biological association information." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/155946/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/155947/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/168679/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs 1­3</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DB021E9AF1AFFC7FED3FDD1D3A3BB2E" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1AFFC6FED3FDD1D3FBBE8C" blockId="2.[264,1325,603,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1AFFC6FED3FDD1D25ABE3F" bold="true" box="[264,542,603,630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">FEMALE – Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Apterous, antlike in appearance (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1AFFC6FC1AFDD6D440BE3C" box="[961,1028,604,630]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,634,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[265,1316,633,1417]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, sinistral habitus, B, tarsal claw, not same scale as habitus, C, Parevania afra Kieffer tarsal claw for comparison, not same scale as habitus, D, “ genus D ” hind tarsomeres for comparison, not same scale as habitus. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155946/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A), eyes relatively small (fig 2A), body reddish brown, mesosoma relatively compact (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1AFFC6FC07FD0ED45ABED4" box="[988,1054,644,670]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,634,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[265,1316,633,1417]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, sinistral habitus, B, tarsal claw, not same scale as habitus, C, Parevania afra Kieffer tarsal claw for comparison, not same scale as habitus, D, “ genus D ” hind tarsomeres for comparison, not same scale as habitus. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155946/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, 2B), legs long (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1AFFC6FB27FD0ED157BE8C" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,634,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[265,1316,633,1417]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, sinistral habitus, B, tarsal claw, not same scale as habitus, C, Parevania afra Kieffer tarsal claw for comparison, not same scale as habitus, D, “ genus D ” hind tarsomeres for comparison, not same scale as habitus. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155946/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A), palps reduced and mostly obscured behind mandibles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1AFFC6FEE3FD59D175B924" blockId="2.[264,1325,603,1870]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1AFFC6FEE3FD59D219BEA7" bold="true" box="[312,605,723,749]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Head (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1AFFC6FE57FD59D1A4BEA7" box="[396,480,723,749]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,634,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[265,1316,633,1417]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, sinistral habitus, B, tarsal claw, not same scale as habitus, C, Parevania afra Kieffer tarsal claw for comparison, not same scale as habitus, D, “ genus D ” hind tarsomeres for comparison, not same scale as habitus. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155946/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, 2A­B):
</emphasis>
Reddish brown, as wide as high in frontal view (mandible and small eye give head a somewhat elongate appearance), sparsely setose with short fine hairs, nitid laterally with finely punctate face and frons, hemispherical in lateral view. Density of fine punctures on face and frons increase towards midline of head (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1AFFC6FB66FCC6D542BF2C" box="[1213,1286,844,870]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[632,947,461,1688]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[623,951,449,1693]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, frontal view of head, B, dorsal habitus excluding metasomal terga posterior to the petiole. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155947/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Slightly raised area surrounding antennal socket. Face with 2 depressed lines leading ventrally from antenna sockets to clypeus (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1AFFC6FD3BFC16D36DBFFC" box="[736,809,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,368,1718,1742]" captionTargetBox="[632,947,461,1688]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[623,951,449,1693]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, frontal view of head, B, dorsal habitus excluding metasomal terga posterior to the petiole. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155947/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Clypeus flat, slightly protruding medially. Gena 1.5 times longer than eye height, mostly nitid with scattered slight punctures. Postgenal area nitid with scattered short fine setae. Occipital carina present as fine ridge. Antenna reddish brown becoming orange apically, setose with short fine hairs, slightly longer than body (head to tip of metasoma). Scape as long as pedicel plus first 2 flagellomeres. Flagellomeres numbering 11 with placoid sensilla, middle flagellomeres not obviously swollen. Mandible orange with 4 reddish teeth, sparsely setose basally becoming denser near teeth. Maxillary and labial palps extremely short, with 4 and 3 segments respectively, mostly obscured behind mandibles. Eye small, 0.3 times head height, silvery grey. Ocelli small, translucent yellow. Median ocellus diameter 0.75 times lateral ocellus. Line between lateral ocelli 1.8 times line between lateral ocellus and median ocellus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1AFFC7FEE3FAF1D2DDBE04" blockId="2.[264,1325,603,1870]" lastBlockId="3.[264,1324,284,590]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1AFFC6FEE3FAF1D202B9DF" bold="true" box="[312,582,1403,1429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Mesosoma (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1AFFC6FE0AFAF1D259B9DF" box="[465,541,1403,1429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,634,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[265,1316,633,1417]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, sinistral habitus, B, tarsal claw, not same scale as habitus, C, Parevania afra Kieffer tarsal claw for comparison, not same scale as habitus, D, “ genus D ” hind tarsomeres for comparison, not same scale as habitus. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155946/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A):
</emphasis>
Reddish brown, finely setose, appearing compact dorsally. Mesoscutum protruding slightly over pronotum. Pronotum dorsally punctate becoming rugulose posteriorly and scrobiculate ventrally. Propleuron punctate dorsally becoming rugulose ventrally. Mesopleuron sparsely foveolate ventrally with nitid medial area. Ventral half of posterior mesopleural border scrobiculate. Anterodorsal corner of mesopleuron with series of depressions forming short scrobiculate line. Epicnemial carina present as strong ridge ending above fore coxa in deep depression. Ventral mesopleuron and metapleuron rugose. Metapleural furculum present with short, broadly separated projections. Mesoscutum punctate, 1.7 times longer than wide. Notauli present as linear impressions. Scutellum 2 times wider than long, reddish anteriorly becoming brown posteriorly, protruding over metanotum. Metanotum thin, obscurely scrobiculate, except nitid medially. Metapleuron punctate­foveolate becoming rugulose posteriorly (under petiole) and broadly scrobiculate dorsally (near insertion of petiole). Propodeum swollen, rugulose. Legs reddish orange except coxae orange. 
<collectingCountry id="ADBD32F2AF1BFFC7FCD8FECED37ABD14" box="[771,830,324,350]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hind</collectingCountry>
leg more than 3 times longer than mesosoma height. Fore and mid coxae widely separated. 
<collectingCountry id="ADBD32F2AF1BFFC7FCAAFEE6D3E8BDCC" box="[881,940,364,390]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hind</collectingCountry>
and mid coxae almost touching. Coxae, trochanters, trochantellae, femora punctate and setose with fine hairs. Tibiae obscurely and finely rugulose with no long erect spines. Tibial spurs orange, inner spur 1.2 times longer than outer spur. Tarsomeres elongate, with some erect spines slightly longer than surrounding setae. Tarsal claw (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1BFFC7FCCAFD86D310BE6C" box="[785,852,524,550]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,634,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[265,1316,633,1417]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, sinistral habitus, B, tarsal claw, not same scale as habitus, C, Parevania afra Kieffer tarsal claw for comparison, not same scale as habitus, D, “ genus D ” hind tarsomeres for comparison, not same scale as habitus. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155946/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B) elongate and thin with basal tooth as wide as terminal tooth but shorter.
</paragraph>
<caption id="81D522EAAF1BFFC7FED3FA2DD3ADBA6C" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155946/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[266,1314,634,1415]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1BFFC7FED3FA2DD3ADBA6C" blockId="3.[264,1323,1447,1574]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1BFFC7FED3FA2DD1C8B9F5" bold="true" box="[264,396,1447,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1BFFC7FE4DFA2DD2C6B9F4" box="[406,642,1447,1470]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Papatuka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamunyiga" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1BFFC7FE4DFA2DD2C6B9F4" box="[406,642,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Papatuka alamunyiga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCED130BAF1BFFC7FD48FA2DD2BDB9F5" box="[659,761,1447,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1BFFC7FD48FA2DD2BDB9F5" bold="true" box="[659,761,1447,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">gen. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1BFFC7FCFBFA2DD333B9F5" bold="true" box="[800,887,1447,1471]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">sp. nov.</emphasis>
, A, sinistral habitus, B, tarsal claw, not same scale as habitus, C, 
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1BFFC7FDCDFA40D34DB9AB" authority="Kieffer" authorityName="Kieffer" box="[534,777,1482,1505]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Parevania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="afra">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1BFFC7FDCDFA40D2F2B9AB" box="[534,694,1482,1505]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Parevania afra</emphasis>
Kieffer
</taxonomicName>
tarsal claw for comparison, not same scale as habitus, D, “genus D” hind tarsomeres for comparison, not same scale as habitus. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1BFFC7FEE3F90BD3A3BB2E" blockId="3.[264,1323,1665,1892]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1BFFC7FEE3F90BD27BBAD1" bold="true" box="[312,575,1665,1691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Metasoma (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1BFFC7FE17F90BD252BAD1" box="[460,534,1665,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,634,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[265,1316,633,1417]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, sinistral habitus, B, tarsal claw, not same scale as habitus, C, Parevania afra Kieffer tarsal claw for comparison, not same scale as habitus, D, “ genus D ” hind tarsomeres for comparison, not same scale as habitus. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155946/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A):
</emphasis>
Petiole rugose laterally, rugulose and sparsely foveolate dorsally, as long as hind tarsomere 2. Gaster (metasomal tergites 2­8) brown, relatively large, ovoid, with all segments present and roughly equal in size. Metasoma tergum 9 setose posteriorly. Hypopygium expanded posteriorly and dorsally. Ovipositor short, straight, partially hidden within metasoma, exserted portion as long as hind tarsomere 3. Ovipositor sheath yellow, setose at tip, slightly shorter than ovipositor.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DB021E9AF1CFFC0FEE3FE91D212BD14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1CFFC0FEE3FE91D212BD14" blockId="4.[264,1324,283,350]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1CFFC0FEE3FE91D18ABD7F" bold="true" box="[312,462,283,309]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Etymology.­</emphasis>
The species epithet combines the Swahili words for “flag” or “ensign” (alamu) and “wasp” (nyiga).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="81D522EAAF1CFFC0FED3F93CD29FBB59" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155947/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[632,947,461,1688]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1CFFC0FED3F93CD29FBB59" blockId="4.[264,1323,1718,1811]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1CFFC0FED3F93CD1CEBA84" bold="true" box="[264,394,1718,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1CFFC0FE4AF93DD238BA84" box="[401,636,1719,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Papatuka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamunyiga" status="gen. nov.">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1CFFC0FE4AF93DD238BA84" box="[401,636,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Papatuka alamunyiga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FCED130BAF1CFFC0FD52F93CD2A9BA84" box="[649,749,1718,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1CFFC0FD52F93CD2A9BA84" bold="true" box="[649,749,1718,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">gen. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
&amp; 
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1CFFC0FCD4F93CD320BA84" bold="true" box="[783,868,1718,1742]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">sp. nov.</emphasis>
, A, frontal view of head, B, dorsal habitus excluding metasomal terga posterior to the petiole. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="9DB021E9AF1DFFC1FEE3FE91D138BD9C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1DFFC1FEE3FE91D138BD9C" blockId="5.[264,1324,283,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1DFFC1FEE3FE91D27EBD7F" bold="true" box="[312,570,283,309]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Material examined.­</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="0A11CCC0AF1DFFC1FD9DFE96D2A2BD7C" box="[582,742,284,310]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
: Body length (head to tip of mesosoma) = 5.0 mm., female. Data from three labels (embellishments in brackets): “van Someren Ngong [
<collectingCountry id="ADBD32F2AF1DFFC1FED4FEE6D125BDCC" box="[271,353,364,390]" name="Kenya" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Kenya</collectingCountry>
] 2 42 [
<date id="A11454A2AF1DFFC1FE6FFEE6D251BDCC" box="[436,533,364,390]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1942-02">II­1942</date>
]”, “V.G.L. van Someren Collection Brit. Mus. 1959­468”, “ex nest of? 
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1DFFC1FEE7FE1ED22BBDE4" box="[316,623,404,430]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Dasyproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westermanni">Dasyproctus westermanni</taxonomicName>
” (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1DFFC1FD52FE1ED28BBDE4" box="[649,719,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1371,1395]" captionTargetBox="[588,1009,1158,1342]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[583,1013,1151,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., third label from holotype with potential biological association information." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168679/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Deposited in The Natural History Museum, London, 
<collectingCountry id="ADBD32F2AF1DFFC1FE98FE36D138BD9C" box="[323,380,444,470]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">U.K.</collectingCountry>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9DB021E9AF1DFFC1FEE3FE69D2B3B84C" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1DFFC1FEE3FE69D4D9BEA4" blockId="5.[264,1324,283,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1DFFC1FEE3FE69D18BBDB7" bold="true" box="[312,463,483,509]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Comments.­</emphasis>
One of the labels (
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1DFFC1FD62FE6ED2BBBDB4" box="[697,767,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[264,367,1371,1395]" captionTargetBox="[588,1009,1158,1342]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[583,1013,1151,1342]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., third label from holotype with potential biological association information." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168679/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) suggests a possible relationship with a nest of 
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1DFFC1FED3FD86D285BE6C" authority="Dahlbom" authorityName="Dahlbom" box="[264,705,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Dasyproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="westermanni">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1DFFC1FED3FD86D27DBE6F" box="[264,569,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dasyproctus westermanni</emphasis>
(Dahlbom)
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1DFFC1FD0BFD86D332BE6C" box="[720,886,524,550]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hymenoptera</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1DFFC1FC5AFD86D3BABE6C" box="[897,1022,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Sphecidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Sphecidae</taxonomicName>
: 
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1DFFC1FBD2FD86D4E4BE6C" box="[1033,1184,524,550]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Crabroninae">Crabroninae</taxonomicName>
). However, the collector qualifies this information with a question mark and provides no further details. It is unknown whether this questions the sphecid determination or the association of the ensign wasp with the sphecid nest. 
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1DFFC1FCD6FD0ED3E4BED7" box="[781,928,644,669]" class="Insecta" family="Crabronidae" genus="Dasyproctus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1DFFC1FCD6FD0ED3E4BED7" box="[781,928,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Dasyproctus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. are common and diverse in central and eastern Africa; they construct nests in plant stems (usually woody shrubs or grasses), stocking them exclusively with adult flies (
<bibRefCitation id="B13B0F93AF1DFFC1FCB5FD5ED4D4BEA4" author="Bohart" box="[878,1168,724,750]" pageId="5" pageNumber="7" refString="Bohart, R. M. &amp; Menke, A. S. (1976) Sphecid Wasps of the World. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA, U. S. A., 695 pp." type="book" year="1976">Bohart and Menke 1976</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D5157262AF1DFFC1FEE3FD76D2B3B84C" blockId="5.[264,1324,283,1030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1DFFC1FEE3FD76D1A5BF5F" box="[312,481,764,789]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Papatuka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamunyiga">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1DFFC1FEE3FD76D1A5BF5F" box="[312,481,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. alamunyiga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
represents the first described wingless evaniid species, but at least one other exists. An undescribed species belonging to “genus D” of 
<bibRefCitation id="B13B0F93AF1DFFC1FC27FCAED4E4BF74" author="Huben" box="[1020,1184,804,830]" pageId="5" pageNumber="7" refString="Huben, M. (1995) Evaniidae. In: Hanson, P. E. &amp; Gauld, I. D. (Ed), The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica, Oxford University Press, Oxford, U. K., pp. 195 - 199." type="book chapter" year="1995">Huben (1995)</bibRefCitation>
is currently being described by M. Huben (personal communication). This other species has been collected only in the mountainous areas of 
<collectingCountry id="ADBD32F2AF1DFFC1FD3CFCFED30DBFC4" box="[743,841,884,910]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
(Andes) and differs from 
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1DFFC1FB59FCFED56EBFC7" box="[1154,1322,884,909]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Papatuka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamunyiga">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1DFFC1FB59FCFED56EBFC7" box="[1154,1322,884,909]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. alamunyiga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the number of flagellomeres (“genus D” only has eight compared to eleven in 
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1DFFC1FB60FC16D10DBF97" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Papatuka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamunyiga">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1DFFC1FB60FC16D10DBF97" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. alamunyiga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and hind leg morphology (tarsomeres each strongly prolonged posteriorly in “genus D” but not in 
<taxonomicName id="12AA09E1AF1DFFC1FE72FC66D214B84F" box="[425,592,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Evaniidae" genus="Papatuka" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alamunyiga">
<emphasis id="E7DEAE70AF1DFFC1FE72FC66D214B84F" box="[425,592,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">P. alamunyiga</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; see 
<figureCitation id="4D916EE7AF1DFFC1FD56FC66D289B84C" box="[653,717,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1447,1471]" captionTargetBox="[266,1314,634,1415]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[265,1316,633,1417]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Papatuka alamunyiga, gen. nov. &amp; sp. nov., A, sinistral habitus, B, tarsal claw, not same scale as habitus, C, Parevania afra Kieffer tarsal claw for comparison, not same scale as habitus, D, “ genus D ” hind tarsomeres for comparison, not same scale as habitus. Proportions may vary slightly from description due to angular distortion during illustration." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/155946/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>