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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388" ID-PMC="PMC5672149" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-89-11" ID-Pensoft-UUID="9C1BFFADD6208818FFDAFFD9FC60390A" ID-PubMed="29118649" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138297" ModsDocID="1314-2003-89-11" checkinTime="1509030994220" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O." docDate="2017" docId="43B757A26FEC5307A9F68DA8409CAE3E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 89: 11-72" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 89" docPubDate="2017-10-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388" docTitle="Tradescantia (Austrotradescantia) commelinoides subsp. subg. Pellegrini, 2017, stat. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="9C1BFFADD6208818FFDAFFD9FC60390A" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="9C1BFFADD6208818FFDAFFD9FC60390A" masterDocTitle="Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1668142114453" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Morphological phylogeny of Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae) sheds light on a new infrageneric classification for the genus and novelties on the systematics of subtribe Tradescantiinae</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil &amp; Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leao 915, CEP 22460 - 030, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil &amp; Current address: Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Department of Botany, MRC 166, P. O. Box 37012, Washington D. C. 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2017-10-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number>89</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388</mods:url>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182225714" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:43B757A26FEC5307A9F68DA8409CAE3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/43B757A26FEC5307A9F68DA8409CAE3E" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="32">
2.1. 
<taxonomicName LSID="43B757A2-6FEC-5307-A9F6-8DA8409CAE3E" authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Commelinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" status="stat. nov." subGenus="Austrotradescantia">Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D.R.Hunt) M.Pell., comb. et</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="21" pageNumber="32">stat. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Floral morphology of subtribe Tradescantiinae s. l. A Tinantia Scheidw B Thyrsanthemum Pichon C Weldenia Schult. f. D-I Callisia Loefl. s. l.: D Cuthbertia Small E Aploleia Raf. (i. e. C. sect. Leptocallisia s. s.) F Callisia s. s. (i. e. C. sect. Callisia) G Callisia sect. Brachyphylla D. R. Hunt H Hadrodemas H. E. Moore (i. e. C. sect. Hadrodemas) I-J Tripogandra Raf. s. l.: I Callisia sect. Leptocallisia pro parte J Tripogandra s. s. K-L Elasis D. R. Hunt: K E. hirsuta (Kunth) D. R. Hunt L E. guatemalensis C. B. Clarke ex Donn. Sm.) M. Pell M Matudanthus D. R. Hunt N Gibasis Raf. O-T Tradescantia L. emend. M. Pell.: O T. subg. Austrotradescantia P-Q T. subg. Campelia R T. subg. Mandonia S T. subg. Setcreasea T T. subg. Tradescantia. A by E. Barbier, B, L, P by P. Acevedo-Rodriguez, C by S. Cross, D by D. Rankin, E by J. Amith, F, J, N-O, Q-T by M. O. O. Pellegrini, G by S. Eduardo, H by C. Willemsen, I by B. E. Hammel, K by A. Kay, and M by A. Garcia Mendoza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164505" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Figs 6O</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D. R. Hunt) M. Pell. A-C habit: A prostrate, mat-forming habit of T. cymbispatha C. B. Clarke B detail of a branch of T. cymbispatha, showing the distichously-alternate leaves C young specimen of T. cerinthoides Kunth, showing the rosette habit and spirally-alternate leaves D subpetiolate leaf of T. tenella Kunth E-F inflorescence: E inflorescence of T. fluminensis Vell., showing the leaf-like, saccate cincinni bracts, and deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis F synflorescence of T. umbraculifera Hand. - Mazz., showing two inflorescence per leaf axil, and spathaceous, saccate cincinni bracts G floral bud of T. fluminensis, showing three keeled sepals H-I flowers: H flower of T. fluminensis, showing the white, plicate petals I flower of T. cerinthoides, showing the pink, flat petals J anther of T. fluminensis, showing the rhomboid connective and elliptic anther sacs K style of T. fluminensis, showing the punctate stigma L seed of T. cerinthoides, showing the costate testa cleft towards the embryotega, and the inconspicuous embryotega. All photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164509" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">, 9</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia subsp. sect." order="Commelinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="section" section="Austrotradescantia" status="stat. nov.">Tradescantia sect. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
D.R.Hunt, Kew Bull. 35(2): 440. 1980. Type species. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" rank="species" species="fluminensis" status="stat. nov.">T. fluminensis</taxonomicName>
Vell.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tropitria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tropitria" order="Commelinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" status="stat. nov.">Tropitria</taxonomicName>
Raf., Fl. Tellur. 3: 68. 1837. Type species. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tropitria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tropitria crassula" order="Commelinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassula" status="stat. nov.">Tropitria crassula</taxonomicName>
(Link &amp; Otto) Raf. (≡ 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. crassula" order="Commelinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" rank="species" species="crassula" status="stat. nov.">T. crassula</taxonomicName>
Link &amp; Otto).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="32" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Herbs</emphasis>
chamaephytes, base definite or indefinite, perennial, frequently succulent, terrestrial, rupicolous or epiphytes. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Roots</emphasis>
thin, fibrous. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Stems</emphasis>
prostrate with ascending apex or erect, herbaceous to succulent, rarely fibrous, little to densely branched, rooting at the basal nodes or at the distal ones when they touch the substrate. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Leaves</emphasis>
sessile to subpetiolate; distichously or spirally-alternate, evenly distributed along the stem, rarely congested in a rosette; sheaths closed; blades flat to falcate and/or complicate, base asymmetrical, midvein conspicuous, rarely inconspicuous, adaxially impressed, abaxially prominent, rounded, secondary veins conspicuous or inconspicuous. 
<taxonomicName genus="Synflorescences" lsidName="Synflorescences" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Synflorescences</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
terminal or axillary in the distal portion of the stems, composed of a solitary main florescence, 1-4 per leaf axis. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Inflorescences (main florescences)</emphasis>
consisting of a pedunculate double-cincinni fused back to back; inflorescence bract hyaline, tubular, inconspicuous; peduncle bracts absent; supernumerary bracts rarely present; cincinni bracts leaf-like, rarely spathaceous, differing from the leaves mostly only in size, similar to unequal to each other, saccate or not, free from each other; bracteoles inconspicuous, imbricate, linear-triangular to triangular, hyaline. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Flowers</emphasis>
bisexual, actinomorphic, flat (not forming a floral tube); pedicel gibbous at apex, upright at anthesis and pre-anthesis, deflexed at post-anthesis; sepals equal, free, chartaceous, ovate, dorsally keeled or not, apex acute; petals sessile, equal, free, elliptic to ovate to broadly ovate, flat or plicate, base cuneate to obtuse, margin entire, apex acute; stamens 6, arranged in two series, equal, filaments free from the petals, straight at anthesis and post-anthesis, basally densely bearded with moniliform hairs, hairs as long as the stamens, white, anthers with connective rhomboid, yellow, anther sacs ellipsoid, yellow, pollen yellow; ovary white, glabrous, locules 2-ovulate, style straight at anthesis and post-anthesis, white, obconical at base, conical at the apex, stigma punctate, pistil longer than or the same length as the stamens. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Capsules</emphasis>
subglobose to globose, light to medium brown when mature, glabrous, loculicidal, 3-valved, sometimes apiculate due to persistent style base. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Seeds</emphasis>
1-2 per locule, ellipsoid to narrowly trigonal, ventrally flattened, cleft or not towards the embryotega, testa costate to rugose with ridges radiating from the embryotega, embryotega dorsal, relatively inconspicuous, without a prominent apicule.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="21" pageNumber="32" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Habitat, distribution and ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="32">
As stated by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/4114596" author="Hunt, DR" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="33" pageNumber="44" refId="B44" refString="Hunt, DR, 1980. https://doi.org/10.2307/4114596" url="https://doi.org/10.2307/4114596" year="1980">Hunt (1980)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Commelinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">T. subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
is the only exclusively South American group in the genus, occurring in Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution of Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D. R. Hunt) M. Pell. in blue, and of T. subg. Campelia (Rich.) M. Pell. in purple." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164508" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">8</figureCitation>
). Its species can be found growing understory in moist and shady forests in the Atlantic Forest domain, open fields, rocky outcrops, and are especially common in disturbed areas.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138325" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164508" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="21" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="32">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Commelinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
(D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. in blue, and of 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. (Campelia) subsp. subg." order="Commelinales" pageId="21" pageNumber="32" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Campelia">T. subg. Campelia</taxonomicName>
(Rich.) M.Pell. in purple.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="22" pageNumber="33" type="included species">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="33">
<pageBreakToken pageId="22" pageNumber="33" start="start">Included</pageBreakToken>
species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="33">
The subgenera is composed by ca. 15 species, namely: 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1843" class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia cerinthoides" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cerinthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">Tradescantia cerinthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth, 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. chrysophylla" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. chrysophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M.Pell., 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. crassula" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="crassula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. crassula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Link &amp; Otto, 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cymbispatha" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="cymbispatha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. cymbispatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C.B.Clarke, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vell., 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. mundula" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="mundula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. mundula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth, 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. seubertiana" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="seubertiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. seubertiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
M.Pell., 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. tenella" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. tenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth, 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. umbraculifera" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="umbraculifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. umbraculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hand.-Mazz., and 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. valida" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. valida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
G. 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Brückn">Brueckn</normalizedToken>
. Accepted names and total of accepted species for 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">T. subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
will be separately dealt in the taxonomic revision for the group, including the formal description of two new species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="33">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="33">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
can be easily recognized by its generally distichously-alternate leaves (a character uncommon for the genus; Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D. R. Hunt) M. Pell. A-C habit: A prostrate, mat-forming habit of T. cymbispatha C. B. Clarke B detail of a branch of T. cymbispatha, showing the distichously-alternate leaves C young specimen of T. cerinthoides Kunth, showing the rosette habit and spirally-alternate leaves D subpetiolate leaf of T. tenella Kunth E-F inflorescence: E inflorescence of T. fluminensis Vell., showing the leaf-like, saccate cincinni bracts, and deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis F synflorescence of T. umbraculifera Hand. - Mazz., showing two inflorescence per leaf axil, and spathaceous, saccate cincinni bracts G floral bud of T. fluminensis, showing three keeled sepals H-I flowers: H flower of T. fluminensis, showing the white, plicate petals I flower of T. cerinthoides, showing the pink, flat petals J anther of T. fluminensis, showing the rhomboid connective and elliptic anther sacs K style of T. fluminensis, showing the punctate stigma L seed of T. cerinthoides, showing the costate testa cleft towards the embryotega, and the inconspicuous embryotega. All photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164509" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">9A &amp; B</figureCitation>
), sepals elliptic to broadly elliptic, all keeled (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D. R. Hunt) M. Pell. A-C habit: A prostrate, mat-forming habit of T. cymbispatha C. B. Clarke B detail of a branch of T. cymbispatha, showing the distichously-alternate leaves C young specimen of T. cerinthoides Kunth, showing the rosette habit and spirally-alternate leaves D subpetiolate leaf of T. tenella Kunth E-F inflorescence: E inflorescence of T. fluminensis Vell., showing the leaf-like, saccate cincinni bracts, and deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis F synflorescence of T. umbraculifera Hand. - Mazz., showing two inflorescence per leaf axil, and spathaceous, saccate cincinni bracts G floral bud of T. fluminensis, showing three keeled sepals H-I flowers: H flower of T. fluminensis, showing the white, plicate petals I flower of T. cerinthoides, showing the pink, flat petals J anther of T. fluminensis, showing the rhomboid connective and elliptic anther sacs K style of T. fluminensis, showing the punctate stigma L seed of T. cerinthoides, showing the costate testa cleft towards the embryotega, and the inconspicuous embryotega. All photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164509" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">9G</figureCitation>
); filaments basally, densely bearded with long moniliform hairs (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D. R. Hunt) M. Pell. A-C habit: A prostrate, mat-forming habit of T. cymbispatha C. B. Clarke B detail of a branch of T. cymbispatha, showing the distichously-alternate leaves C young specimen of T. cerinthoides Kunth, showing the rosette habit and spirally-alternate leaves D subpetiolate leaf of T. tenella Kunth E-F inflorescence: E inflorescence of T. fluminensis Vell., showing the leaf-like, saccate cincinni bracts, and deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis F synflorescence of T. umbraculifera Hand. - Mazz., showing two inflorescence per leaf axil, and spathaceous, saccate cincinni bracts G floral bud of T. fluminensis, showing three keeled sepals H-I flowers: H flower of T. fluminensis, showing the white, plicate petals I flower of T. cerinthoides, showing the pink, flat petals J anther of T. fluminensis, showing the rhomboid connective and elliptic anther sacs K style of T. fluminensis, showing the punctate stigma L seed of T. cerinthoides, showing the costate testa cleft towards the embryotega, and the inconspicuous embryotega. All photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164509" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">9E</figureCitation>
); style obconic at base and conic at apex, stigma punctate with type D papillae (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086076" author="Owens, SJ" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="34" pageNumber="45" pagination="771 - 783" refId="B65" refString="Owens, SJ, Kimmins, FM, 1981. Stigma morphology in Commelinaceae. Annals of Botany 47 (6): 771 - 783, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086076" title="Stigma morphology in Commelinaceae." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aob.a086076" volume="47" year="1981">Owens and Kimmins 1981</bibRefCitation>
; Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D. R. Hunt) M. Pell. A-C habit: A prostrate, mat-forming habit of T. cymbispatha C. B. Clarke B detail of a branch of T. cymbispatha, showing the distichously-alternate leaves C young specimen of T. cerinthoides Kunth, showing the rosette habit and spirally-alternate leaves D subpetiolate leaf of T. tenella Kunth E-F inflorescence: E inflorescence of T. fluminensis Vell., showing the leaf-like, saccate cincinni bracts, and deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis F synflorescence of T. umbraculifera Hand. - Mazz., showing two inflorescence per leaf axil, and spathaceous, saccate cincinni bracts G floral bud of T. fluminensis, showing three keeled sepals H-I flowers: H flower of T. fluminensis, showing the white, plicate petals I flower of T. cerinthoides, showing the pink, flat petals J anther of T. fluminensis, showing the rhomboid connective and elliptic anther sacs K style of T. fluminensis, showing the punctate stigma L seed of T. cerinthoides, showing the costate testa cleft towards the embryotega, and the inconspicuous embryotega. All photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164509" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">9K</figureCitation>
); seeds with costate testa, and relatively inconspicuous embryotega (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia (D. R. Hunt) M. Pell. A-C habit: A prostrate, mat-forming habit of T. cymbispatha C. B. Clarke B detail of a branch of T. cymbispatha, showing the distichously-alternate leaves C young specimen of T. cerinthoides Kunth, showing the rosette habit and spirally-alternate leaves D subpetiolate leaf of T. tenella Kunth E-F inflorescence: E inflorescence of T. fluminensis Vell., showing the leaf-like, saccate cincinni bracts, and deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis F synflorescence of T. umbraculifera Hand. - Mazz., showing two inflorescence per leaf axil, and spathaceous, saccate cincinni bracts G floral bud of T. fluminensis, showing three keeled sepals H-I flowers: H flower of T. fluminensis, showing the white, plicate petals I flower of T. cerinthoides, showing the pink, flat petals J anther of T. fluminensis, showing the rhomboid connective and elliptic anther sacs K style of T. fluminensis, showing the punctate stigma L seed of T. cerinthoides, showing the costate testa cleft towards the embryotega, and the inconspicuous embryotega. All photos by M. O. O. Pellegrini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164509" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">9L</figureCitation>
). Added to these morphological characters, the small bimodal and numerous chromosomes (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">n</emphasis>
= 10-numerous), and a unique chemical profile, set this group apart from the other four subgenera. A complete taxonomical revision of this subgenus is in the works by me (
<bibRefCitation author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Flora" pageId="34" pageNumber="45" refId="B68" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2015. Filogenia e revisao taxonomica de Tradescantia L. sect. Austrotradescantia D.R.Hunt (Commelinaceae). MSc thesis, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." title="Filogenia e revisao taxonomica de Tradescantia L. sect. Austrotradescantia D. R. Hunt (Commelinaceae). MSc thesis, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." year="2015">Pellegrini 2015</bibRefCitation>
, in prep), and should provide the necessary tools for proper species identification and name application in the group. Regarding taxonomically informative characters, leaf morphology can easily differentiate the two observed morphological groups. The presence of a definite and indefinite base is also helpful and probably connected to the understory habit of many species. Aside from that, cincinni bracts are extremely useful for species delimitation. They can be either saccate or not at base (see below), leaf-like or spathaceous (e.g. 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. umbraculifera" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="umbraculifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. umbraculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. valida" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. valida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and the symmetry between both cincinni bracts is also very useful in differentiating some closely related species. Furthermore, 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. valida" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. valida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the only species in 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">T. subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
to possess supernumerary bracts.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="1138327" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164509" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">Figure 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Commelinaceae" genus="Tradescantia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tradescantia (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">Tradescantia subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
(D.R.Hunt) M.Pell. 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">A-C</emphasis>
habit: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">A</emphasis>
prostrate, mat-forming habit of 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cymbispatha" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="cymbispatha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. cymbispatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C.B.Clarke 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">B</emphasis>
detail of a branch of 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cymbispatha" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="cymbispatha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. cymbispatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing the distichously-alternate leaves 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">C</emphasis>
young specimen of 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cerinthoides" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="cerinthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. cerinthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth, showing the rosette habit and spirally-alternate leaves 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">D</emphasis>
subpetiolate leaf of 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. tenella" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. tenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kunth 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">E-F</emphasis>
inflorescence: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">E</emphasis>
inflorescence of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Vell., showing the leaf-like, saccate cincinni bracts, and deflexed pedicels at post-anthesis 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">F</emphasis>
synflorescence of 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. umbraculifera" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="umbraculifera">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. umbraculifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Hand.-Mazz., showing two inflorescence per leaf axil, and spathaceous, saccate cincinni bracts 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">G</emphasis>
floral bud of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing three keeled sepals 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">H-I</emphasis>
flowers: 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">H</emphasis>
flower of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing the white, plicate petals 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">I</emphasis>
flower of 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cerinthoides" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="cerinthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. cerinthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing the pink, flat petals 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">J</emphasis>
anther of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing the rhomboid connective and elliptic anther sacs 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">K</emphasis>
style of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing the punctate stigma 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">L</emphasis>
seed of 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cerinthoides" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="cerinthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. cerinthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, showing the costate testa cleft towards the embryotega, and the inconspicuous embryotega. All photos by M.O.O. Pellegrini.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="22" pageNumber="33">
Two morphological groups can be clearly observed in 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. (Austrotradescantia) subsp. subg." order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Austrotradescantia">T. subg. Austrotradescantia</taxonomicName>
, being also recovered in the present study (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Strict consensus tree (length = 516 steps; CI = 0.3411; RI = 0.8039), showing the character state optimizations at each node of the cladogram, represented by circles. In each circle, the numbers above and below represent the character and character state numbers, respectively (as presented in Suppl. material 1). Tradescantia guatemalensis C. B. Clarke ex Donn. Sm. is depicted in red, to highlight its placement as sister to Elasis hirsuta (Kunth) D. R. Hunt." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164502" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Congruence between morphological and molecular datasets. A, majority-rule tree showing the sections and series proposed by Hunt (1975, 1980, 1986 b) color-coded; the five newly proposed subgenera are represented by the black bars; Tradescantia guatemalensis C. B. Clarke ex Donn. Sm. is depicted in red, to highlight its placement as sister to Elasis hirsuta (Kunth) D. R. Hunt; the ● represents Tradescantia s. s.; Bremer Index support values are depicted over the branches, while bootstrap support values are depicted under the branches B simplification of the current hypothesis for phylogenetic relationships in tribe Tradescantieae, based on molecular data. Thyrsanthemum Pichon and Weldenia Schult. f. are depicted in red since they were not sampled in the present study. Modified from Hertweck and Pires (2014)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164503" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">4</figureCitation>
). The 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is composed by more delicate plants, with prostrate stems ascending at the apex, cincinni bracts saccate at base, and generally white petals. A marking exception is the 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. tenella" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="tenella">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. tenella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex, which possess erect stems, flowers that range from white to pink, seeds with rugose testa, and hilum always shorter than 
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
the length of the seeds. Nonetheless, its species generally possess subpetiolate, membranous to chartaceous leaves, and conspicuous mid and secondary veins, which are characters common to the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group (Figs 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Strict consensus tree (length = 516 steps; CI = 0.3411; RI = 0.8039), showing the character state optimizations at each node of the cladogram, represented by circles. In each circle, the numbers above and below represent the character and character state numbers, respectively (as presented in Suppl. material 1). Tradescantia guatemalensis C. B. Clarke ex Donn. Sm. is depicted in red, to highlight its placement as sister to Elasis hirsuta (Kunth) D. R. Hunt." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164502" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">3</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Congruence between morphological and molecular datasets. A, majority-rule tree showing the sections and series proposed by Hunt (1975, 1980, 1986 b) color-coded; the five newly proposed subgenera are represented by the black bars; Tradescantia guatemalensis C. B. Clarke ex Donn. Sm. is depicted in red, to highlight its placement as sister to Elasis hirsuta (Kunth) D. R. Hunt; the ● represents Tradescantia s. s.; Bremer Index support values are depicted over the branches, while bootstrap support values are depicted under the branches B simplification of the current hypothesis for phylogenetic relationships in tribe Tradescantieae, based on molecular data. Thyrsanthemum Pichon and Weldenia Schult. f. are depicted in red since they were not sampled in the present study. Modified from Hertweck and Pires (2014)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164503" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">4</figureCitation>
). Since the leaves vary from membranous to chartaceous to slightly fleshy, venation pattern is very useful for species differentiation inside this clade. Both 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. fluminensis" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="fluminensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. fluminensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. mundula" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="mundula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. mundula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess leaves with adaxially impressed secondary veins, while 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cymbispatha" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="cymbispatha">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. cymbispatha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. chrysophylla" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="chrysophylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. chrysophylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
possess inconspicuously impressed secondary veins. The species in this group occur almost exclusively in Tropical and Subtropical Rainforests, but are also commonly found growing as weedy plants throughout their distribution range.
</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">
The 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. crassula" order="Commelinales" pageId="22" pageNumber="33" rank="species" species="crassula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="33">T. crassula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group is composed by succulent plants (which generally grow in open areas), with erect stems, cincinni bracts not saccate at base, petals ranging from white to pink to lilac, and seeds cleft towards the embryotega. The leaves from these 
<pageBreakToken pageId="23" pageNumber="34" start="start">species</pageBreakToken>
are sessile and extremely succulent, with only the midvein conspicuous, and secondary veins rarely conspicuous in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. crassula" order="Commelinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="crassula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">T. crassula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Nonetheless, in some individuals of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. crassula" order="Commelinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="crassula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">T. crassula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. seubertiana" order="Commelinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="seubertiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">T. seubertiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. valida" order="Commelinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">T. valida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the leaves are so succulent that even the midvein is adaxially inconspicuous. Great petal color variation can be found within the same population, under the same ecological conditions, and is probably genetically controlled. These species are intimately related to the two southern biomes of South America, characterized by open and/or drier vegetation formations: the Chaco (which is part of the Dry Diagonal) and the Pampa. The species from the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. crassula" order="Commelinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="crassula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">T. crassula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group are morphologically very similar due to many overlapping morphological characters, and indumenta type and pattern are the most useful characters for separating these species. For the same reason, all species were recovered within a polytomy in the strict consensus (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Strict consensus tree (length = 516 steps; CI = 0.3411; RI = 0.8039), showing the character state optimizations at each node of the cladogram, represented by circles. In each circle, the numbers above and below represent the character and character state numbers, respectively (as presented in Suppl. material 1). Tradescantia guatemalensis C. B. Clarke ex Donn. Sm. is depicted in red, to highlight its placement as sister to Elasis hirsuta (Kunth) D. R. Hunt." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.89.20388.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/164502" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">3</figureCitation>
). In addition, 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. cerinthoides" order="Commelinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="cerinthoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">T. cerinthoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. crassula" order="Commelinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="crassula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">T. crassula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(the two lowland species) possess a rather wide distribution range which overlaps with the narrowly distributed 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. seubertiana" order="Commelinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="seubertiana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">T. seubertiana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. valida" order="Commelinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="valida">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">T. valida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(both of them restricted to high elevation sites). Much vegetative variation is recorded for the two widely distributed species, but reproductive characters are key in differentiating species in this group (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232" author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="34" pageNumber="45" pagination="1 - 31" refId="B75" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, Forzza, RC, Sakuragui, CM, 2017. Novelties in Brazilian Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae). PhytoKeys 80: 1 - 31, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232" title="Novelties in Brazilian Tradescantia L. (Commelinaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.80.12232" volume="80" year="2017">Pellegrini et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). Thus, I suggest the 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrini" authorityYear="2017" family="Commelinaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="T. crassula" order="Commelinales" pageId="23" pageNumber="34" rank="species" species="crassula">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="34">T. crassula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group to be targeted for phylogeographic and reproductive studies to improve and deepen the understanding of taxonomic boundaries between these taxa.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>