1179 lines
112 KiB
XML
1179 lines
112 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="3F2D3497-9B12-48DE-9A15-6B09F6C37334" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1681978294249" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Köhler, Gunther, Charunrochana, Panupong Thammachoti, Mogk, Linda, Than, Ni Lar, Kurniawan, Nia, Kadafi, Ahmad Muammar, Das, Abhijit, Tillack, Frank & O’Shea, Mark" docDate="2023" docId="4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5270.2.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5270 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Boiga ochracea" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="159" masterDocId="B026FFE5AA1F450DFFC4FFB3FFA28A79" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Boiga multomaculata (Boie, 1827) and B. ochracea (Theobald, 1868), with the description of a new subspecies (Squamata, Serpentes, Colubridae)" masterLastPageNumber="193" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="154" updateTime="1682444113686" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A taxonomic revision of Boiga multomaculata (Boie, 1827) and B. ochracea (Theobald, 1868), with the description of a new subspecies (Squamata, Serpentes, Colubridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Köhler, Gunther</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt a. M., Germany.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Charunrochana, Panupong Thammachoti</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand 10330.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mogk, Linda</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2700-6675</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt a. M., Germany. & lmogk @ senckenberg. de; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2700 - 6675</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">lmogk@senckenberg.de</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Than, Ni Lar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-1098-7406</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Pathein University, Pathein, Myanmar. nilarthan 65 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1098 - 7406</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">nilarthan65@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kurniawan, Nia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-7383-8742</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia. wawan @ ub. ac. id; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7383 - 8742 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, University of Palangka Raya, Indonesia. amuammarkadafi @ mipa. upr. ac. id; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4646 - 687 X</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">wawan@ub.ac.id</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kadafi, Ahmad Muammar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-4646-687X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">amuammarkadafi@mipa.upr.ac.id</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Das, Abhijit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun 248001 Uttarakhand, India.</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tillack, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">g/0000-0003-1418-65</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum fu ̈ r Naturkunde, Leibniz Institut fu ̈ r Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany. frank. tillack @ mfn. berlin; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 1418 - 6531</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">.frank.tillack@mfn.berl</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>O’Shea, Mark</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-1566-7460</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, West Midlands, WV 1 1 LY, England. m. oshea @ wlv. ac. uk; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 1566 - 7460</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">m.oshea@wlv.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-04-20</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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||
<mods:number>5270</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>2</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>151</mods:start>
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<mods:end>193</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.1</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5270.2.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">3F2D3497-9B12-48DE-9A15-6B09F6C37334</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<subSubSection box="[151,333,1619,1646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1619,2040]" box="[151,333,1619,1646]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,333,1619,1646]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,333,1619,1646]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,333,1619,1646]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Boiga ochracea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1619,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
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||
In 1868 the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[485,683,1655,1681]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
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||
<emphasis box="[485,683,1655,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Dipsas ochraceus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
was published by the German zoologist Albert Karl Ludwig Gotthilf Günther (1830–1914), then an assistant at the British Museum (Natural History) tasked with identifying 2,000 snake specimens in the collection. In his brief description of this species
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gunther, A." box="[900,1134,1726,1753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="425" refId="ref23584" refString="Gunther, A. (1868) Sixth account of new species of snakes in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (4) 1, 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936808695725" type="journal article" year="1868">Günther (1868: 425)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, wrote: “We have received this new snake from Mr. Theobald, who named it “, thereby attributing the authorship to William Theobald (1829– 1908), a naturalist attached to the British Geological Survey of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[874,935,1798,1824]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. To complicate matters, Theobald (1868:53) also published a description of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald. Furthermore" authorityYear="1868" box="[500,689,1833,1859]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[500,689,1833,1859]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">Dipsas ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in Latin and English, in the same year.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1619,2040]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">
|
||
The Reptile Database (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uetz, P. & Freed, P. & Hosek, J." box="[452,628,1869,1896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref26961" refString="Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hosek, J. (2022) The Reptile Database. Available from http: // www. reptile-database. org (accessed 6 February 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
|
||
Uetz
|
||
<emphasis box="[510,565,1869,1895]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) suggested that Theobald’s paper was published prior to Günther’s paper, pointing out that Günther referred to Theobald in his paper, but without providing a published source. The editors may have assumed that Günther had access to Theobald’s already published paper, thereby attributing authorship to Theobald, 1868.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." box="[370,608,1977,2003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" refId="ref27153" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World: a Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, xxvii + 1237." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Wallach
|
||
<emphasis box="[469,526,1977,2003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
were of the contrary opinion and proposed that the first description of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">D. ochraceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appeared in the Günther paper, and the authorship should therefore read “Theobald
|
||
<emphasis box="[1209,1231,2014,2039]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="154">in</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gunther, A." box="[1238,1403,2013,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="154" pagination="425" refId="ref23584" refString="Gunther, A. (1868) Sixth account of new species of snakes in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (4) 1, 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936808695725" type="journal article" year="1868">Günther, 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
”.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption ID-Table-UUID="90C96603AA1B4509FF53FDE8FB5B88E0" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/90C96603AA1B4509FF53FDE8FB5B88E0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" startId="4.[151,243,603,629]" targetBox="[164,1992,674,1584]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4" targetType="table">
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<paragraph blockId="4.[150,2038,603,665]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,271,603,629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Selected measurements and proportions of the taxa of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[869,933,603,629]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[869,933,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">Boiga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
related to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1049,1248,603,629]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="F. Boie" authorityYear="1827" box="[1049,1244,603,629]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multomaculata">B. multomaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Range is followed by mean value and standard deviation in parentheses. Abbreviations:
|
||
<emphasis box="[315,334,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">m</emphasis>
|
||
. =
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="F. Boie" authorityYear="1827" box="[370,530,639,665]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[370,530,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">multomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[544,624,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">multom</emphasis>
|
||
. =
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="F. Boie" authorityYear="1827" box="[659,819,639,665]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[659,819,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">multomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[833,882,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ochr</emphasis>
|
||
. =
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald. Furthermore" authorityYear="1868" box="[917,1016,639,665]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[917,1016,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1030,1073,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">sept</emphasis>
|
||
. =
|
||
<emphasis box="[1108,1267,639,665]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">septentrionalis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<table box="[164,1992,674,1584]" gridcols="9" gridrows="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,674,705]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th box="[339,497,674,705]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[339,458,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">m. multom.</emphasis>
|
||
♂
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[551,709,674,705]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis box="[551,665,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">m. multom.</emphasis>
|
||
♀
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[763,920,674,705]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis box="[763,845,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">m. ochr.</emphasis>
|
||
♂
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[975,1145,674,705]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis box="[975,1056,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">m. ochr.</emphasis>
|
||
♀
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1200,1357,674,705]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1200,1278,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">m. sept.</emphasis>
|
||
♂
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1411,1569,674,705]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1411,1490,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">m. sept.</emphasis>
|
||
♀
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1623,1781,674,705]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1623,1723,680,705]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1623,1723,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♂
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th box="[1835,1992,674,705]" gridcol="8" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1835,1935,680,705]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1835,1935,680,705]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
♀
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,720,745]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,720,745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">n</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,720,745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">13</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,720,745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">26</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,720,745]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">13</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,720,745]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">27</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,720,745]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">7</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,720,745]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">4</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,720,745]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">14</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,720,745]" gridcol="8" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">28</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,760,821]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,760,821]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">SVL</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,760,821]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">351–689 (495.2±99.85)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,760,821]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">346–695 (558.4±91.81)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,760,821]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">376–700 (544.7±94.17)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,760,821]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">402–958 (664.6±126.80)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,760,821]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">439–665 (585.8±80.87)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,760,821]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">661–785 (727.8±64.01)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,760,821]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">486–840 (695.2±98.63)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,760,821]" gridcol="8" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">379–940 (719.5±158.30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,836,897]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,836,897]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">TL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,836,897]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">0.243–0.291 (0.263±0.0142)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,836,897]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">0.232–0.269 (0.249±0.0010)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,836,897]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">0.222–0.288 (0.267±0.0169)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,836,897]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">0.214–0.282 (0.2446±0.0156)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,836,897]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">0.235–0.280 (0.260±0.0152)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,836,897]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">0.246–0.256 (0.252±0.0049)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,836,897]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">0.247–0.305 (0.276±0.0158)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,836,897]" gridcol="8" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">0.236–0.302 (0.264±0.0165)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,913,974]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,913,974]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">ventrals</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,913,974]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">209–239 (214.4±8.06)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,913,974]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">198–237 (217.1±9.50)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,913,974]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">225–242 (231.3±5.15)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,913,974]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">228–258 (238.9±6.30)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,913,974]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">220–235 (227.7±5.18)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,913,974]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">227–231 (228.8±1.71)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,913,974]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">222–238 (229.2±5.49)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,913,974]" gridcol="8" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">224–247 (236.2±5.81)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,989,1050]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,989,1050]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">subcaudals</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,989,1050]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">87–104 (94.5±5.33)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,989,1050]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">81–101 (89.8±4.13)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,989,1050]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">93–108 (102.8±4.72)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,989,1050]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">87–112 (99.6±5.05)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,989,1050]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">90–105 (99.1±5.82</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,989,1050]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">95–100 (97.3±2.06)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,989,1050]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">102–120 (111.2±5.62)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,989,1050]" gridcol="8" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">93–116 (106.0±5.82)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,1065,1126]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,1065,1126]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">SPL</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,1065,1126]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">8–9 (8.1±0.30)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,1065,1126]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">8–8.5 (8.1±0.18)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,1065,1126]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">8–8 (8.0±0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,1065,1126]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">8–9 (8.04±0.13)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,1065,1126]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">8–8 (8.0±0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,1065,1126]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">8–8 (8.0±0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,1065,1126]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">8–8 (8.0±0.00)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,1065,1126]" gridcol="8" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">8–9 (8.1±0.18)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,1141,1202]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,1141,1202]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">IFL</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,1141,1202]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">10–13 (10.7±0.81)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,1141,1202]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">10–12 (10.9±0.39)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,1141,1202]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">10–12 (11.1±0.34)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,1141,1202]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">9–12 (11.1±0.61)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,1141,1202]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">10–11 (10.9±0.19)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,1141,1202]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">10–11 (10.7±0.58)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,1141,1202]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">11–13 (11.4±0.59)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,1141,1202]" gridcol="8" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">10–14 (11.7±0.91)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,1218,1279]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,1218,1279]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">postocs</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,1218,1279]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–3 (2.0±0.14)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,1218,1279]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–3 (2.1±0.25)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,1218,1279]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–2 (2.0±0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,1218,1279]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–3 (2.0±0.14)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,1218,1279]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–2 (1.9±0.38)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,1218,1279]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–2 (2.0±0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,1218,1279]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–2 (2.0±0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,1218,1279]" gridcol="8" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–2 (2.0±0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,1294,1355]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,1294,1355]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">TempAnt</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,1294,1355]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–2 (1.8±0.38)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,1294,1355]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–2 (1.8±0.38)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,1294,1355]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–3 (2.0±0.20)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,1294,1355]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–2 (1.8±0.34)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,1294,1355]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–2 (2.0±0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,1294,1355]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–2 (1.9±0.25)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,1294,1355]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–2 (1.8±0.32)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,1294,1355]" gridcol="8" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–3 (2.0±0.18)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,1370,1431]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,1370,1431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">TempPos</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,1370,1431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–3 (2.3±0.33)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,1370,1431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–3 (2.1±0.36)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,1370,1431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">1–3 (2.1±0.55)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,1370,1431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–4 (2.3±0.42)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,1370,1431]" gridcol="5" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–3 (2.4±0.48)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,1370,1431]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–3 (2.13±0.25)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,1370,1431]" gridcol="7" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–4 (2.5±0.54)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,1370,1431]" gridcol="8" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">2–4 (2.5±0.48)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,1446,1507]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,1446,1507]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">MBS</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,1446,1507]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">19 (19±0.0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,1446,1507]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">19 (19±0.0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,1446,1507]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">19 (19±0.0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,1446,1507]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">19 (19±0.0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,1446,1507]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">19 (19±0.0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,1446,1507]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">19 (19±0.0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,1446,1507]" gridcol="7" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">21 (2±0.0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,1446,1507]" gridcol="8" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">21 (21±0.0)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr box="[164,1992,1523,1584]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">
|
||
<th box="[164,275,1523,1584]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">PSR</th>
|
||
<td box="[339,497,1523,1584]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">13–15 (13.9±1.04)</td>
|
||
<td box="[551,709,1523,1584]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">13–15 (14.5±0.90)</td>
|
||
<td box="[763,920,1523,1584]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">13–15 (13.9±1.04)</td>
|
||
<td box="[975,1145,1523,1584]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">13–15 (14.5±0.89)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1200,1357,1523,1584]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">13–15 (14.7±0.76)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1411,1569,1523,1584]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">15–15 (15.0±0)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1623,1781,1523,1584]" gridcol="7" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">15–17 (15.1±0.53)</td>
|
||
<td box="[1835,1992,1523,1584]" gridcol="8" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="155">15–17 (15.2±0.54)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
This question over the priority of authorship can only be resolved by determining which of these two papers was published first. Günther published his description in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 4, volume 1, number 6, which was published on
|
||
<date box="[549,703,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" value="1868-06-01">1st June 1868</date>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Evenhuis, N. L." box="[718,890,223,249]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref22897" refString="Evenhuis, N. L. (2003) Publication and dating of the journals forming the Annals and Magazine of Natural History and the Journal of Natural History. Zootaxa, 385, 1 - 68. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 385.1.1" type="journal article" year="2003">Evenhuis 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; F. Tillack unpubl. obs.). Theobald published his account in the Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology), volume 10, number 41. The year of publication is often given
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gunther, A." box="[315,403,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="425" refId="ref23584" refString="Gunther, A. (1868) Sixth account of new species of snakes in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (4) 1, 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936808695725" type="journal article" year="1868">as 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[419,555,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref26367" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. - Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." box="[568,794,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref27153" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World: a Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, xxvii + 1237." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Wallach
|
||
<emphasis box="[668,725,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Uetz, P. & Freed, P. & Hosek, J." box="[806,991,295,321]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref26961" refString="Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hosek, J. (2022) The Reptile Database. Available from http: // www. reptile-database. org (accessed 6 February 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
|
||
Uetz
|
||
<emphasis box="[867,925,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) but the situation is somewhat unclear. Following its title, Theobald’s paper reads “By W. Theobald. Jun., Geological Survey of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1190,1251,331,357]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Communicated by G. Busk, Esq., Sec. L.S. [Read
|
||
<date box="[555,778,367,393]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" value="1867-11-07">November 7, 1867</date>
|
||
.]”. The paper was therefore presented orally at a meeting of the Linnean Society of London in late 1867, but that does not constitute “published” according to the Code. According to the title page of the journal, volume 10 was not published until 1870 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, W." box="[1091,1275,439,465]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="4 - 67" refId="ref26609" refString="Theobald, W. (1868 b) Catalogue of the reptiles of British Birma, embracing the provinces of Pegu, Martaban, and Tenasserim; with descriptions of new or little-know species. Journal of the Linnean Society (Zoology), 10, 4 - 67. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1868. tb 02007. x" type="journal article" year="1868">Theobald 1868b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which would seem to give priority to
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Gunther, A." box="[424,599,475,501]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="425" refId="ref23584" refString="Gunther, A. (1868) Sixth account of new species of snakes in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, (4) 1, 425. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222936808695725" type="journal article" year="1868">Günther’s 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
paper, but this was not the actual date of publication of Theobald’s paper. According to the archives of the Linnean Society of London “pages 4–67 of Volume 10 of the Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) were issued on
|
||
<date box="[664,818,547,573]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" value="1868-05-30">30 May 1868</date>
|
||
. The reason the front page is dated 1870 (May 20th) is because that is when the title and contents page were finished, ready for the rest of the journal to be bound” (Vida Milovanovic, Linnean Society of London, pers. comm.; F. Tillack unpubl. obs.). Therefore, Theobald’s description takes precedence over Günther’s paper, by two days, and the correct citation should be Theobald (1868).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
Amongst the distinguishing characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority=", Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" box="[704,956,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[704,852,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">D. ochraceus</emphasis>
|
||
, Günther
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
documented 19 dorsal scale rows, 239–242 ventral scales, and 100 subcaudal scales. His description was based on the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[987,1153,727,753]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
obtained from Theobald, the largest of which he measured at
|
||
<quantity box="[554,661,763,789]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="in" value="44.0">44 inches</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity box="[675,757,763,789]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.12" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="m" value="1.12">1.12 m</quantity>
|
||
), and both of which, he reports, were collected at
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1316,1372,763,789]" country="Myanmar" name="Bago" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Pegu</collectingRegion>
|
||
(now
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[151,213,799,825]" country="Myanmar" name="Bago" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Bago</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[226,332,799,827]" degrees="17" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" precision="925" value="17.316668">17°19′ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[345,441,799,825]" degrees="96" direction="east" minutes="28" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" precision="925" value="96.46667">96°28 E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), central
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[549,660,799,825]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Theobald’s description differs in a number of respects from that of Günther. He states that he personally collected the first specimen at
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[901,1002,835,861]" country="Myanmar" name="Yangon" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Rangoon</collectingRegion>
|
||
(now
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1071,1160,835,861]" country="Myanmar" name="Yangon" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Yangon</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1170,1273,835,863]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" precision="925" value="16.8">16°48′ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[1283,1376,835,861]" degrees="96" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" precision="925" value="96.15">96°09 E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), and that his second specimen was collected by Colonel David Browne, at Maulmain (=Moulmein, now Mawlamyine,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[151,257,907,935]" degrees="16" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" precision="925" value="16.483334">16°29′ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[271,371,907,935]" degrees="97" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" precision="925" value="97.63333">97°38′ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in the
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[463,681,907,933]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Tenasserim Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
(now
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[757,979,907,933]" country="Myanmar" name="Taninthayi" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Tanintharyi Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
, southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1098,1212,907,933]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
). He also measured the first specimen at fully nine inches (
|
||
<quantity box="[598,696,943,969]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.29" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="229.0">229 mm</quantity>
|
||
) shorter than the measurement provided by Günther, and finally, Theobald reports that both specimens exhibited dorsal scale counts of 19 on the neck, 17 on the body, and 15 near the tail, in contrast to the dorsal count of 19 provided by Günther, presumably taken at midbody, and a count supported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[305,503,1051,1077]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref21877" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. III. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom, xiv + 727." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger (1896)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Stimson (see later). Given the reported differences in localities, collectors and description, there is no doubt that the two authors described their species using different specimens. However, regarding the reported differences in the number of dorsal scale rows at midbody, it has to be noted that many
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[1369,1436,1123,1148]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1369,1436,1123,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Boiga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a rather chaotic dorsal scale row reduction which can go up and down more than three times within a range of only 10 corresponding ventral scales “at midbody”. Furthermore, the measured midbody can be different from the midbody position determined by counting half the number of ventrals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[199,857,1267,1293]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" specimenCode="SVL 889" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
Both Günther’s
|
||
<typeStatus box="[378,479,1267,1293]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, an adult female with an
|
||
<specimenCode box="[757,857,1267,1293]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">SVL 889</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
+
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="SVL" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" specimenCode="SVL 611" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="syntype">
|
||
212 TL =
|
||
<quantity box="[995,1101,1267,1293]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.101" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="1101.0">1101 mm</quantity>
|
||
total length and an adult male with an
|
||
<specimenCode box="[245,347,1303,1329]" collectionCode="SVL" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">SVL 611</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
+ TL 149 =
|
||
<quantity box="[498,593,1303,1329]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" unit="mm" value="760.0">760 mm</quantity>
|
||
total length, are housed in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London (BMNH 1946.1.2.60–61).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
As far as we are aware, the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[503,610,1375,1401]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="generic" typeStatus="types">two types</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Theobald" authorityName="Theobald. Furthermore" authorityYear="1868" box="[646,896,1375,1401]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[646,784,1375,1401]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">D. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
Theobald
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are unlocated. They were not listed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Theobald, W." pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="i - iii" refId="ref26552" refString="Theobald, W. (1868 a) Catalogue of reptiles in the Museum of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Extra Number, vi + 82 pp., Appendix i - iii. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5477" type="book chapter" year="1868">Theobald (1868a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, nor in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sclater, W. L." box="[325,484,1411,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref25993" refString="Sclater, W. L. (1891) List of snakes in the Indian Museum. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 79 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 8746" type="book" year="1891">Sclater (1891)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
or in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I. & Dattagupta, B. & Gayen, N. C." box="[550,742,1411,1437]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="121 - 172" refId="ref22423" refString="Das, I., Dattagupta, B. & Gayen, N. C. (1998) History and catalogue of reptile types in the collection of the Zoological Survey of India. Journal of South Asian Natural History, 3, 121 - 172." type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Das
|
||
<emphasis box="[600,657,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1998)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Some time ago one of us (AD) checked the collection in ZSI, Kolkata, but found no specimens marked as
|
||
<typeStatus box="[649,697,1447,1473]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">type</typeStatus>
|
||
for Theobald´s
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald. Furthermore" authorityYear="1868" box="[877,981,1447,1473]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[877,981,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and none of the specimens examined by him agreed with Theobald’s description or locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
During the late 19th Century the British Museum (Natural History) received five further specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald. Furthermore" authorityYear="1868" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">D. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[330,441,1555,1581]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, i.e.,
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="BMNH" country="Myanmar" county="Bhamo" location="Leonardo Fea" municipality="Italian" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kachin">
|
||
<specimenCount box="[505,674,1555,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[691,777,1555,1581]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
74.4.29.1193–1194) from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1086,1197,1555,1581]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, reportedly collected by the British army officer and naturalist Richard Henry Beddome (1830–1911),
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="BMNH" country="Myanmar" county="Bhamo" location="Leonardo Fea" municipality="Italian" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="Kachin">
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1149,1333,1591,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1350,1436,1591,1617]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
89.2.25.37–39) from
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[392,476,1627,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Bhamo</collectingCounty>
|
||
, in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[517,665,1627,1653]" country="Myanmar" name="Kachin" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Kachin State</collectingRegion>
|
||
, northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[780,891,1627,1653]" name="Myanmar" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[1089,1161,1627,1653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Italian</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
naturalist
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA1A4508FAC5F9E8FA3E8C0C" box="[1281,1436,1627,1653]" country="Myanmar" county="Bhamo" municipality="Italian" name="Leonardo Fea" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" stateProvince="Kachin">Leonardo Fea</location>
|
||
(1852–1903)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
<materialsCitation country="India" location="Andaman Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Ferdinand Stoliczka (1838–1874) was a Austrian paleontologist and naturalist who worked in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1257,1315,1699,1725]" name="India" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
during the mid 19th Century, but died of altitude sickness during a Himalayan expedition. He exhibited a considerable interest in snakes and in 1870 he reported on
|
||
<specimenCount box="[584,753,1771,1797]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA1A4508FCA6F958FB858D7C" box="[866,1063,1771,1797]" country="India" name="Andaman Islands" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Andaman Islands</location>
|
||
which he attributed to the taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Blyth, 1855" authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,517,1806,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonotus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,378,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Dipsas hexagonotus</emphasis>
|
||
Blyth, 1855
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stoliczka, F." box="[531,704,1807,1833]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" pagination="105 - 109" refId="ref26478" refString="Stoliczka, F. (1870) Observations on some Indian and Malayan Amphibia and Reptilia. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 4. 6, 105 - 109. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222937008696209" type="journal article" year="1870">Stoliczka 1870</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">
|
||
In the late 19th Century the Anglo-Belgian zoologist George Albert Boulenger (1858–1937), was Günther’s assistant at the British Museum (Natural History) and the person now tasked with the continued cataloguing of the herpetological collection. In 1890 he resurrected the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Fitzinger, 1843" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[808,1179,1915,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[808,1001,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Dipsadomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
Fitzinger, 1843
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, for the African, Asian, and Australasian cat snakes previously included in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[861,939,1951,1976]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[861,939,1951,1976]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Dipsas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[956,1144,1951,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref21826" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1890) The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Reptilia and Batrachia. Taylor and Francis, London, United Kingdom, xviii + 541. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 100797" type="book" year="1890">Boulenger 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, G. A." box="[1158,1342,1951,1977]" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" refId="ref21877" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1896) Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Vol. III. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, United Kingdom, xiv + 727." type="book" year="1896">Boulenger 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and he synonymised Günther’s
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[424,624,1987,2013]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[424,624,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Dipsas ochraceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with Blyth’s older
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[841,1182,1987,2013]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[841,1182,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="156">Dipsadomorphus hexagonatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Adopting this new classification, the British physician and herpetologist Major Frank Wall (1868–1950) examined Blyth’s
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1855" box="[361,591,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonotus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[361,591,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Dipsas hexagonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type specimen (ZSIK 8048), from “Cherrapunji, Khasi Hills,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1312,1391,187,213]" country="India" name="Assam" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Assam</collectingRegion>
|
||
” [= Sohra, East Khasi Hills district,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[513,698,223,249]" country="India" name="Meghalaya" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Meghalaya state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[710,771,223,249]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
] and reidentified it as a juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1139,1429,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1139,1429,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Dipsadomorphus cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, now
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril, 1854) (Wall 1909)" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[207,938,258,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[207,361,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Boiga cyanea</emphasis>
|
||
(Duméril, Bibron and Duméril, 1854) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." box="[810,930,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="151 - 155" refId="ref27031" refString="Wall, F. (1909) Remarks on some forms of Dipsadomorphus. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, 151 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 2 / 1909 / 163268" type="journal article" year="1909">Wall 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. He also examined the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1202,1312,259,285]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="adult">four adult</specimenCount>
|
||
specimens in Stoliczka’s Andaman
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1855" box="[434,663,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonotus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[434,663,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Dipsas hexagonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which exhibited a dorsal scale count of 21, and included them in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[194,281,331,357]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series of his new species
|
||
<emphasis box="[583,952,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1909" box="[583,948,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dispadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">Dispadomorphus andamanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
now
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1018,1254,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1018,1254,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Boiga andamanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The remaining specimen from Stoliczka’s Andaman series reportedly possessed 19 dorsal scale rows, but Wall commented that its description was imperfect and the specimen itself appeared to be lost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Further,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." box="[299,438,439,465]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="151 - 155" refId="ref27031" refString="Wall, F. (1909) Remarks on some forms of Dipsadomorphus. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, 151 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 2 / 1909 / 163268" type="journal article" year="1909">Wall (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized that the mainland
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1855" box="[801,982,439,465]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonotus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[801,982,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">D. hexagonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material he had available appeared to represent two different taxa. Five of the BMNH specimens (BMNH 1946.1.2.60–61, 89.2.25.37–39) from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1322,1433,475,501]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and a further
|
||
<specimenCount box="[301,474,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
he had personally collected, all possessed 19 dorsal scale rows, 221–245 ventrals and 89–107 subcaudals which complied with the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1855" box="[837,1015,547,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonotus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[837,1015,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">D. hexagonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and to which he applied that name, citing Stoliczka’s missing Andaman specimen as the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[761,863,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. It is curious that he sought to conserve the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Blyth" authorityYear="1855" box="[164,306,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonotus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[164,306,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">hexagonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[369,714,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonotus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[369,714,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Dipsadomorphus hexagonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, by transferring it from Blyth’s
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1094,1195,619,645]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, now known to be a juvenile
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[250,376,655,680]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[250,376,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">D. cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, to Stoliczka’s missing and incompletely described juvenile. Fortunately, this move is illegal according to the Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[418,554,691,717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refId="ref26367" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. - Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), meaning the name is unavailable and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1005,1182,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonotus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1005,1182,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">D. hexagonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains synonymized with
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[208,332,727,752]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyaneus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[208,332,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">D. cyaneus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[396,505,727,753]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
population with 19 dorsal scale rows should therefore be known as
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Theobald. Furthermore" authorityYear="1868" box="[1267,1406,727,753]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1267,1406,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">D. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
Two further
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[341,450,763,789]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens available to Wall (
|
||
<collectionCode box="[790,876,763,789]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
74.4.19.1193–94) exhibited a dorsal count of 21, which was more akin to that obtained from Himalayan specimens. These
|
||
<specimenCount box="[978,1144,799,825]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
were reportedly collected in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[181,292,835,861]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, well within the range of those specimens attributed by Wall to
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1017,1194,835,861]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonotus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1017,1194,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">D. hexagonotus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, they were collected by
|
||
<collectorName box="[293,403,871,897]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Beddome</collectorName>
|
||
, and Wall had already voiced criticism regarding the accuracy of Beddome’s record keeping. In the case of these
|
||
<specimenCount box="[368,533,907,933]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
he suggested that they could have easily come from “the hills to the west or north of Burma, the fauna of which closely agrees with that of the Eastern Himalayas”. Furthermore,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[1216,1364,943,969]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refId="ref26367" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. - Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
stated that Beddome never visited
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[460,539,979,1005]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and therefore the long-accepted collection locality for these
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1212,1376,979,1005]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
must be treated as extremely suspect.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA19450BFE3BFC44FDCA8E68" box="[511,616,1015,1041]" country="Myanmar" county="eastern Himalayas" municipality="However" name="Similarly" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Similarly</location>
|
||
, a specimen of “
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[800,977,1015,1041]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[800,977,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Boiga ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
” donated by
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA19450BFBA2FC44FB738E68" box="[1126,1233,1015,1041]" country="Myanmar" county="eastern Himalayas" municipality="However" name="Beddome" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Beddome</location>
|
||
to the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA19450BFAD8FC44FE2F8E4C" country="Myanmar" county="eastern Himalayas" municipality="However" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Museum of Comparative Zoology</location>
|
||
(i.e.,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[461,522,1051,1077]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:33791" name="Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="Museum">MCZ</collectionCode>
|
||
R-3886) is said to come from “Madras” [Chennai] at the southeast coast on
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1372,1433,1051,1077]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,255,1087,1113]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">However</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, the given locality is far outside the distribution limits of this group and our reexamination revealed that this specimen is a
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[356,498,1123,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[356,498,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">B. stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which very likely originated from the
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[931,1140,1123,1149]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">eastern Himalayas</collectingCounty>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." box="[199,334,1159,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="151 - 155" refId="ref27031" refString="Wall, F. (1909) Remarks on some forms of Dipsadomorphus. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, 151 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 2 / 1909 / 163268" type="journal article" year="1909">Wall (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also examined
|
||
<specimenCount box="[512,665,1159,1185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" type="generic">39 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from the Darjeeling area of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[989,1135,1159,1185]" country="India" name="West Bengal" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">West Bengal</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1147,1207,1159,1185]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, which exhibited 21 dorsal scale rows, 218–252 ventrals, and 100–119 subcaudals. To this series he added a further three Darjeeling specimens in the British Museum (Natural History). Two of these (BMNH 72.4.17.119, 72.4.17.386) were collected by the British naturalist and physician Thomas Caverhill Jerdon (1811–1872), while the third specimen (BMNH 94.12.31.55) was collected by the British geologist and naturalist William Thomas Blanford (1832–1905). Finding this Eastern Himalayan taxon without a name,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." box="[663,795,1339,1365]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="151 - 155" refId="ref27031" refString="Wall, F. (1909) Remarks on some forms of Dipsadomorphus. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, 151 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 2 / 1909 / 163268" type="journal article" year="1909">Wall (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[909,1217,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[909,1217,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Dipsadomorphus stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, “the first reference of it having been made by Stoliczka”.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Annandale, N." box="[199,404,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="281 - 282" refId="ref21618" refString="Annandale, N. (1909) Major Wall on some forms of Dipsadomorphus. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, 281 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 3 / 1909 / 163284" type="journal article" year="1909">Annandale (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
discussed
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." box="[530,684,1411,1437]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="151 - 155" refId="ref27031" refString="Wall, F. (1909) Remarks on some forms of Dipsadomorphus. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, 151 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 2 / 1909 / 163268" type="journal article" year="1909">Wall’s (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
paper on the forms of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[953,1146,1411,1437]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[953,1146,1411,1437]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Dipsadomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and criticizes the, in his opinion, difficult delimitation of the species introduced by Wall, particular with regard to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" box="[1180,1384,1447,1473]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1180,1384,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Boiga ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but also to other species of this genus, and considered Wall’s new species merely as forms of one species, i.e., of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1858" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ceylonensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">B. ceylonensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Cope, E. D." box="[199,342,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="241 - 266" refId="ref22148" refString="Cope, E. D. (1860) Catalogue of the Colubridae in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 2. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 12, 241 - 266." type="journal article" year="1860">Cope (1860)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
resurrected the name
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Fitzinger, 1826" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[596,843,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[596,663,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Boiga</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fitzinger, L. I." box="[672,843,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refId="ref22947" refString="Fitzinger, L. I. (1826) Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren Naturlichen Verwandtschaften. Nebst einer Verwandtschafts- Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des K. K. Zoologischen Museum's zu Wien. J. G. Heubner, Wien, 66 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4683" type="book" year="1826">Fitzinger, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and designated
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1030,1250,1555,1581]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Coluber" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="irregularis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1030,1250,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Coluber irregularis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1291,1339,1555,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species. In 1902 the Norwegian-American zoologist Leonard Hess Stejneger (1851–1943) described a new species of rear-fanged snake from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[369,451,1627,1653]" name="Taiwan" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(then Formosa), and in so doing also resurrected the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Fitzinger, 1826" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1826" box="[1128,1374,1627,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1128,1195,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Boiga</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Fitzinger, L. I." box="[1203,1374,1627,1653]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" refId="ref22947" refString="Fitzinger, L. I. (1826) Neue Classification der Reptilien nach ihren Naturlichen Verwandtschaften. Nebst einer Verwandtschafts- Tafel und einem Verzeichnisse der Reptilien-Sammlung des K. K. Zoologischen Museum's zu Wien. J. G. Heubner, Wien, 66 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 4683" type="book" year="1826">Fitzinger, 1826</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from obscurity as a senior synonym for
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[551,744,1663,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[551,744,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Dipsadomorphus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the generic name it would replace for the remainder of the 20th Century. The two taxa under discussion here would therefore become
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Theobald, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[993,1375,1699,1725]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[993,1171,1699,1725]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Boiga ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
(Theobald, 1868)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with 19 dorsal scale rows, from NE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[499,557,1735,1761]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
south and east of the Brahmaputra valley across
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1107,1238,1735,1761]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1274,1385,1735,1761]" name="Myanmar" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Wall, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[151,448,1771,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,294,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">B. stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." box="[312,440,1771,1797]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="151 - 155" refId="ref27031" refString="Wall, F. (1909) Remarks on some forms of Dipsadomorphus. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, 151 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 2 / 1909 / 163268" type="journal article" year="1909">Wall, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with 21 dorsal scale rows, from the Eastern Himalayas, but including Beddome’s two “Burmese” specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,150,2013]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">
|
||
From all that we now know and have examined,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[733,866,1843,1869]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[733,866,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">B. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not occur on the Andaman or
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1255,1432,1843,1869]" name="India" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Nicobar Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, that material being referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Wall, 1909)" baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[497,883,1879,1905]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[497,731,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">Boiga andamanensis</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wall, F." box="[748,875,1879,1905]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="151 - 155" refId="ref27031" refString="Wall, F. (1909) Remarks on some forms of Dipsadomorphus. Records of the Indian Museum, 3, 151 - 155. https: // doi. org / 10.26515 / rzsi / v 3 / i 2 / 1909 / 163268" type="journal article" year="1909">Wall, 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. This assumption is also confirmed by the recent studies of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chandramouli, R. S." box="[272,575,1915,1941]" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" pagination="301 - 331" refId="ref22089" refString="Chandramouli, R. S. (2022) Snake fauna of the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal - A review of species richness, taxonomy, distribution, natural history and conservation status. Zootaxa, 5209 (3), 301 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5209.3.1" type="journal article" year="2022">Chandramouli (2022: 321)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who removes
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[752,889,1915,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[752,889,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">B. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the list of snake species occurring on the Andaman Islands. It has to be noted that
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[594,783,1951,1977]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="andamanensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[594,783,1951,1977]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">B. andamanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has 21 midbody DSR, rarely 19, but in preservation the coloration looks like “
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[439,542,1987,2013]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="157" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[439,542,1987,2013]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="157">ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, particular in the red color morph, a possible reason for the confusion.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
The next author to take a look at this group of snakes was the British physician and herpetologist Malcolm Arthur Smith (1875–1958). In 1941 he used for the first time the combination
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1047,1292,187,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ochracea" subSpecies="walli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1047,1292,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Boiga ochracea walli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(as a
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
) and applied this name to populations from the Andaman and Nicobar islands, and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1205,1286,223,249]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A few years later
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[209,360,259,285]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refId="ref26367" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. - Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[527,671,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[527,671,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[737,874,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[737,874,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, stating: “The name
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1114,1257,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hexagonatus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1114,1257,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">hexagonatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
must become a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1909" baseAuthorityName="Dumeril, Bibron and Dumeril" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[292,372,295,320]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cyanea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[292,372,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">cyanea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the next one available is Günther’s
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[832,937,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[832,937,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The type has 21 scale rows and is therefore the Himalayan form, and the locality (
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[583,643,331,357]" country="Myanmar" name="Bago" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Pegu</collectingRegion>
|
||
) from which it is said to have come is in no doubt an error. Beddome, from whom the specimen came, was never in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[673,753,367,393]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and his localities have been shown to be incorrect on many occasions.”
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[292,446,403,429]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refId="ref26367" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. - Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
defined his eastern Himalayan
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[824,1080,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ochracea" subSpecies="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[824,1080,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. ochracea ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as exhibiting 21-21-17 dorsal rows, 223–252 ventrals, and 100–119 subcaudals, and described the populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1126,1265,439,465]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1126,1265,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from “
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1350,1432,439,465]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Burma</collectingCountry>
|
||
, south of lat. 25°; Tenasserim; the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.”, with 19-19-15 dorsal rows, 221–246 ventrals, and 89–107 subcaudals, as a new subspecies, formally named
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[853,1054,511,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ochracea" subSpecies="walli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[853,1054,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. ochracea walli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. On the BMNH ledger and on the jar labels, the BMNH specimens collected by Leonardo Fea at Bhamo,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[984,1096,547,573]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, (i.e., BMNH 89.3.25.37–39) are declared as
|
||
<typeStatus box="[326,429,583,609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
. However, this does not constitute a type selection according to the Code and is therefore not a valid
|
||
<typeStatus box="[286,374,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
designation because it is not following the principles of typification.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[1191,1344,619,645]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refId="ref26367" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. - Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not cite any type material from his
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[519,725,655,681]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ochracea" subSpecies="walli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[519,725,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. ochracea walli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its original description. Therefore, all specimens available to Smith at the time of the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[629,833,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ochracea" subSpecies="walli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[629,833,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. ochracea walli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
constitute the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1002,1104,691,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, not just the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1253,1436,691,717]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
subsequently labeled as “
|
||
<typeStatus box="[435,538,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
” in the BMNH collection. The list of potential
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1070,1169,727,753]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of Smith’s
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ochracea" subSpecies="walli">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. ochracea walli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
obviously includes specimens present at BMNH at the time but it is known that Smith travelled in South and Southeast Asia and visited all the main collections there in the preparation of his “Fauna of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1279,1427,799,825]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">British India</collectingCountry>
|
||
” series, the third, Serpentes, volume of which was ready to go to print in 1938 (delayed until 1943 due to WWII). He examined material from the collections in
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[680,777,871,897]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Bombay</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Calcutta, Paris (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[971,1108,871,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refId="ref26367" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. - Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:v–vi), Vienna (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[1292,1428,871,897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" pagination="494 - 497" refId="ref26210" refString="Smith, M. A. (1928) The status of some recently described genera and species of snakes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1, 494 - 497. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932808672813" type="journal article" year="1928">Smith 1928</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Berlin (pers. data FT, he was in contact with Mell and arranged specimen loans with ZMB), and also loans from different
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[316,352,943,969]" name="United States of America" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">US</collectingCountry>
|
||
museums and from Leiden and Colombo (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[833,970,943,969]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refId="ref26367" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. - Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). So it cannot be ruled out that specimens from these collections are also putative
|
||
<typeStatus box="[604,703,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of Smith´s
|
||
<emphasis box="[838,956,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
B. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[899,956,979,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walli">walli</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." box="[969,1209,979,1005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refId="ref27153" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World: a Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, xxvii + 1237." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Wallach
|
||
<emphasis box="[1069,1126,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1301,1358,979,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1301,1358,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">walli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as full species and mentioned that this taxon is based on a single name-bearing type specimen, but they provided no inventory number for that specimen. According to Art. 72.4.1 of the Code (“The type series of a nominal speciesgroup taxon consists of all the specimens included by the author in the new nominal taxon (whether directly or by bibliographic reference) …”, we suggest that in the case of
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[863,1065,1123,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ochracea" subSpecies="walli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[863,1065,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. ochracea walli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at least the following specimens belong to the original
|
||
<typeStatus box="[412,500,1159,1185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">syntype</typeStatus>
|
||
series: BMNH 1946.1.2.60–61 from Pegu (at the same time
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1216,1315,1159,1185]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Gunther" authorityName="Gunther" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Dipsas ochraceus</emphasis>
|
||
Günther
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), BMNH 89.3.25.37–39 from Bhamo, and specimens from the Andamans and Nicobars, at least from the BMNH collection which were available to Smith.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Smith appears to have made a number of errors that had a considerably impact on the nomenclature and proposed distributions of these taxa. 1) It was Theobald, not Günther, who first described
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1154,1258,1303,1329]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1154,1258,1303,1329]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1868. 2) The
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[151,255,1339,1365]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,255,1339,1365]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
type specimens (plural not singular) were recorded by Günther, as having come from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1229,1285,1339,1365]" country="Myanmar" name="Bago" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Pegu</collectingRegion>
|
||
(=
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1317,1381,1339,1365]" country="Myanmar" name="Bago" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Bago</collectingRegion>
|
||
), but Theobald’s
|
||
<typeStatus box="[284,382,1375,1401]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
were collected from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[625,726,1375,1401]" country="Myanmar" name="Yangon" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Rangoon</collectingRegion>
|
||
(=
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[757,847,1375,1401]" country="Myanmar" name="Yangon" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Yangon</collectingRegion>
|
||
) and
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA18450AFC54FAECFBA18F00" box="[912,1027,1375,1401]" country="Myanmar" county="Beddome" municipality="Theobald" name="Maulmain" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Bago">Maulmain</location>
|
||
(=
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA18450AFBE6FAECFB1F8F00" box="[1058,1213,1375,1401]" country="Myanmar" county="Beddome" municipality="Theobald" name="Mawlamyine" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Bago">Mawlamyine</location>
|
||
).
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA18450AFB15FAECFAEE8F00" box="[1233,1356,1375,1401]" country="Myanmar" county="Beddome" municipality="Theobald" name="Regardless" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Bago">Regardless</location>
|
||
of any confusion over precise localities, the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[571,718,1411,1437]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="generic" typeStatus="syntypes">two syntypes</specimenCount>
|
||
described by
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA18450AFCA8FA30FC748FE4" box="[876,982,1411,1437]" country="Myanmar" county="Beddome" municipality="Theobald" name="Theobald" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Bago">Theobald</location>
|
||
and the two other described by
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA18450AFA84FA30FA3E8FE4" box="[1344,1436,1411,1437]" country="Myanmar" county="Beddome" municipality="Theobald" name="Gunther" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Bago">Günther</location>
|
||
were collected in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[464,575,1447,1473]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
, not the
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA18450AFD63FA14FCDA8FB8" box="[679,888,1447,1473]" country="Myanmar" county="Beddome" municipality="Theobald" name="eastern Himalayas" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Bago">eastern Himalayas</location>
|
||
or northern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1035,1146,1447,1473]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. 3)
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C1F879DAA1C4505FF53F9E0FC9788D0:C1696050AA18450AFB6DFA14FAA78FB8" box="[1193,1285,1447,1473]" country="Myanmar" county="Beddome" municipality="Theobald" name="Gunther" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" stateProvince="Bago">Günther</location>
|
||
recorded the dorsal scale rows of these
|
||
<specimenCount box="[446,612,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
as 19, while
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[761,867,1483,1509]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Theobald</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
reports 19-17-15 rows, but neither author reported a count of 21 for these specimens. 4)
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[575,682,1519,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Beddome</collectingCounty>
|
||
was responsible for collecting the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[1076,1243,1519,1545]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
reported as from “Burma”, not the
|
||
<specimenCount box="[352,519,1555,1581]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[588,647,1555,1581]" country="Myanmar" name="Bago" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Pegu</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and it is this locality that is now doubted by most authors, and it was these
|
||
<specimenCount box="[216,382,1591,1617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
that exhibited 21 dorsal scale rows at midbody.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Not all authors accepted Smith’s synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[732,842,1627,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[732,842,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[909,1045,1627,1653]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[909,1045,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kramer, E." box="[1110,1278,1627,1653]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" pagination="721 - 761" refId="ref24512" refString="Kramer, E. (1977) Zur Schlangenfauna Nepals. Review Suisse de Zoologie, 84, 721 - 761. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 91420" type="journal article" year="1977">Kramer (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who reported that Andrew Stimson (BMNH) had checked the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[696,794,1663,1689]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">syntypes</typeStatus>
|
||
of Günther´s
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[952,1095,1663,1689]" class="Reptilia" family="Dipsadidae" genus="Dipsas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochraceus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[952,1095,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">D ochraceus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(BMNH 1946.1.2.60–61) and confirmed their dorsal scale counts as 19, and that they were collected in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1091,1200,1699,1725]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and therefore he did not synonymise
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[342,452,1735,1761]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[342,452,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[524,628,1735,1761]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[524,628,1735,1761]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but rather recognized it as the eastern Himalayan-northern Burmese subspecies
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[278,531,1771,1797]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ochracea" subSpecies="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[278,531,1771,1797]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">B. ochracea stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It has to be noted here that all material examined by Kramer and determined by himself as
|
||
<emphasis box="[277,450,1807,1833]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
B. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[340,450,1807,1833]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">stoliczkae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was misidentified. Our re-examination (by FT) revealed that FMNH 131957 is
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1861" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Boiga multifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and FMNH 152584 is
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[576,758,1843,1868]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trigonata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[576,758,1843,1868]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Boiga trigonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Gruber in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schleich, H. H. & Kastle, W." box="[899,1197,1843,1869]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refId="ref25955" refString="Schleich, H. H. & Kastle, W. (Eds.) (2002) Amphibians and Reptiles of Nepal. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag, Ruggell, 1201 pp." type="book" year="2002">Schleich & Kästle (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized all three subspecies:
|
||
<emphasis box="[286,451,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
B. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[347,451,1879,1905]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">ochracea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from Darjeeling, Sikkim, Assam,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[839,920,1879,1905]" name="Bhutan" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[975,1109,1879,1905]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1122,1292,1879,1905]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
B. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[1182,1292,1879,1905]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">stoliczkae</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1362,1432,1879,1905]" name="Nepal" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis box="[198,311,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
B. o.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[255,311,1915,1941]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walli">walli</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
as characterized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[535,682,1915,1941]" pageId="7" pageNumber="158" refId="ref26367" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. - Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[851,960,1915,1941]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, but they did not provide any characteristics to distinguish between the three taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,681]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="159" pageId="7" pageNumber="158">
|
||
Therefore, there appears to be a great deal of confusion over the nomenclature and distribution of the various populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[321,457,151,177]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[321,457,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">B. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, largely caused by Smith’s misinterpretation of the data and some recent authors (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Das, I." box="[151,262,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref22392" refString="Das, I. (2010) A field guide to the reptiles of South-East Asia. New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd., London, 376 pp." type="book" year="2010">Das 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." box="[272,491,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref27153" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World: a Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. Taylor and Francis, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, xxvii + 1237." type="book" year="2014">
|
||
Wallach
|
||
<emphasis box="[370,426,187,213]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) largely followed
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Smith, M. A." box="[696,863,187,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" refId="ref26367" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo-Chinese Subregion. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. - Serpentes. Taylor & Francis, London, 583 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith’s (1943)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
erroneous concept of this group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
As a consequence of what is stated above, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[834,965,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walli">
|
||
<emphasis box="[834,965,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Boiga walli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1202,1339,223,249]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1202,1339,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">B. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and we elevate
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Wall" baseAuthorityYear="1909" box="[239,382,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Dipsadomorphus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[239,382,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">B. stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
again to species level, distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[805,942,259,285]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[805,942,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">B. ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. To summarize the current situation,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Boiga ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be the taxon with 19-19-15 or 13 dorsal scale rows, cream to beige color without any pattern, from NE
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[197,255,331,357]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
south and east of the Brahmaputra valley across
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[818,949,331,357]" name="Bangladesh" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[987,1098,331,357]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boie" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[1110,1353,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1110,1353,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Boiga multomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be the taxon with 19-19-15 or 13 dorsal scale rows and a bold pattern of ocellated dark blotches, definitely known from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[214,323,403,429]" name="Myanmar" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
and southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[484,551,403,429]" name="China" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
across
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[636,738,403,429]" name="Thailand" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[751,808,403,429]" name="Laos" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[820,918,403,429]" name="Vietnam" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and the Sunda Archipelago.
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1251,1436,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1251,1436,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Boiga stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be the taxon with 19 or 21-21-15 or 17 dorsal rows that has been reported from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1123,1193,439,465]" name="Nepal" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
, northeast
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1313,1371,439,465]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
north and west of the Brahmaputra valley, and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[610,695,475,501]" name="Bhutan" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[151,1437,151,681]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
In this work, we evaluate the genetic variation in the populations related to
|
||
<emphasis box="[1039,1436,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boie" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[1039,1284,511,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multomaculata">Boiga multomaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1294,1432,511,537]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">B. ochracea</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[199,341,547,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[199,341,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">B. stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively, based on the mtDNA markers 16S, ND4, and CYTB as well as the nuclear marker c-mos. We also analyze the variation in external morphology of these three taxa. Finally, we designate
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1323,1437,583,609]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">lectotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<emphasis box="[191,651,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boie" baseAuthorityYear="1827" box="[191,436,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multomaculata">Boiga multomaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[447,648,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="ochracea" subSpecies="walli">B. ochracea walli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[706,847,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stoliczkae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[706,847,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">B. stoliczkae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and a
|
||
<typeStatus box="[928,1017,619,645]" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">neotype</typeStatus>
|
||
for
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Theobald" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[1063,1241,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="159" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ochracea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1063,1241,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="159">Boiga ochracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
respectively, and provide redescriptions of the primary types from these taxa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |