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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4d1dd045-c029-47d4-b441-a7fd49443918" ID-PMC="PMC7483337" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-158-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="8480BB61E8B2553ABA8D418072EC52B6" ID-PubMed="32973385" ModsDocID="1314-2003-158-1" checkinTime="1599212532520" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Calvo, Joel &amp; Moreira-Munoz, Andres" docDate="2020" docId="29632815299B5A52BDDC5EBDBCAFC7E7" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 158: 1-106" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 158" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848" docTitle="Xenophyllum crassum subsp. crassum" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="8480BB61E8B2553ABA8D418072EC52B6" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="8480BB61E8B2553ABA8D418072EC52B6" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Andean genus Xenophyllum (Compositae, Senecioneae)" masterLastPageNumber="106" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139998449" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic revision of the Andean genus Xenophyllum (Compositae, Senecioneae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Calvo, Joel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Geografia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Avenida Brasil 2241, 2362807 Valparaiso, Chile</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2340-7666</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">calvocasas@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Moreira-Munoz, Andres</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Geografia, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Geografia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Avenida Brasil 2241, 2362807 Valparaiso, Chile</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9136-1391</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>158</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>106</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-158-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">8480BB61E8B2553ABA8D418072EC52B6</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="167491841" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:29632815299B5A52BDDC5EBDBCAFC7E7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/29632815299B5A52BDDC5EBDBCAFC7E7" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
7a.
<taxonomicName LSID="29632815-299B-5A52-BDDC-5EBDBCAFC7E7" authority="subsp. crassum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Xenophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xenophyllum crassum subsp. crassum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="crassum">Xenophyllum crassum subsp. crassum</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Stems</emphasis>
2.5-4 cm tall (aerial part), lanate.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Leaves</emphasis>
stellate-imbricate, extending into a sheath-like base that bears long silky trichomes, usually with the leaf lamina spreading at nearly 90° from the sheath-like base; leaf laminas 14.7-27.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2-2.2 mm, linear, obtuse, usually callous-like tipped at the apex, entire, flat to elliptical in cross section, glabrous, 1-nerved above, 1-nerved beneath, fleshy, rather matte.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capitula</emphasis>
radiate, erect, sessile to subsessile.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Involucres</emphasis>
12.6-19.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
11-15.8 mm, cupuliform; involucral bracts 16 to 21, 8.6-14.9
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.5-2.2 mm, acute at the apex, greenish to dark-purplish.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ray florets</emphasis>
16 to 21; corollas 14.5-19.7
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.9-3.4 mm, 4 to 6-veined, subentire to 3-toothed at the apex, conspicuously surpassing the involucre, white.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Disc florets</emphasis>
ca. 95; corollas 6.5-8.1 mm long, yellow.
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Achenes</emphasis>
2.6-4
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.8-1 mm, cylindrical, 6 to 8-ribbed, glabrous; pappus 14-19 mm long, barbellate, whitish. Chromosome number unknown. Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Xenophyllum crassum subsp. crassum A habit B capitulum C adaxial leaf surface D ray floret (frontward bristles removed) E style of ray floret F disc floret (frontward bristles removed) G stamen H style of disc floret. All details drawn from Funk &amp; Gavilanes 11070 (US). Illustration by Alice Tangerini." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448893" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448893" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. crassum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Xenophyllum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xenophyllum crassum subsp. crassum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="crassum">Xenophyllum crassum subsp. crassum</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
capitulum
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
adaxial leaf surface
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
ray floret (frontward bristles removed)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
style of ray floret
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
disc floret (frontward bristles removed)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
stamen
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
style of disc floret. All details drawn from
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Funk &amp; Gavilanes 11070</emphasis>
(US). Illustration by Alice Tangerini.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="additional iconography">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional iconography.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<bibRefCitation author="Funk, VA" editor="Valencia, R" journalOrPublisher="Memorias del II Congreso Ecuatoriano de Botanica realizado en la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Ecuador; Universidad de Aarhus, Dinamarca" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="25 - 35" refId="B16" refString="Funk, VA, 1997b. Werneria s.l. (Compositae: Senecioneae) in Ecuador. In: Valencia, R, Balslev, H, Eds., Estudios sobre diversidad y ecologia de plantas. Memorias del II Congreso Ecuatoriano de Botanica realizado en la Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Quito. Pontificia Universidad Catolica del Ecuador, Ecuador; Universidad de Aarhus, Dinamarca: 25 - 35" title="Werneria s. l. (Compositae: Senecioneae) in Ecuador." volumeTitle="Estudios sobre diversidad y ecologia de plantas." year="1997 b">Funk (1997b</bibRefCitation>
: 33, fig. 3A, sub
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. crassum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="crassum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. crassum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Central Colombia to central Ecuador. Colombia (Caldas, Cauca,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
, Risaralda, Tolima,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quindío">Quindio</normalizedToken>
, Valle del Cauca), Ecuador (Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi [expected], Morona-Santiago [expected], Napo, Pichincha, Tungurahua). It grows in marshes and moist grasslands of the paramo ecoregion, between elevations of 3125-4500 m (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Distribution map of Xenophyllum rigidum (left hand), X. crassum subsp. crassum (right hand, closed triangle), and X. crassum subsp. orientale (right hand, open circle)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.158.50848.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/448892" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">12</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering nearly all year round.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The adjective
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">crassus -a -um</emphasis>
means thick and it refers to the robust rhizome that this species displays.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This taxon forms dense mats or hummocks and it is characterized by its linear, apically obtuse leaves, which are flat to elliptical in cross section and prominently 1-nerved on both faces. The rhizome-like stems are robust, long, and covered with a matted lanate indumentum that covers the leaf bases.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
This subspecies can be differentiate from
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. crassum subsp. orientale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="orientale">X. crassum subsp. orientale</taxonomicName>
by the leaf length (14.7-27.6 mm vs. 6.5-12.7 mm in subsp.
<taxonomicName lsidName="subsp. orientale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="orientale">orientale</taxonomicName>
), number and length of the involucral bracts (16 to 21, 8.6-14.9 mm vs. 11 to 13, 6-8.2 mm in subsp.
<taxonomicName lsidName="subsp. orientale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="orientale">orientale</taxonomicName>
), number of ray florets (16 to 21 vs. 13 to 15 in subsp.
<taxonomicName lsidName="subsp. orientale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="orientale">orientale</taxonomicName>
), number of disc florets (ca. 95 vs. ca. 50 in subsp.
<taxonomicName lsidName="subsp. orientale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="orientale">orientale</taxonomicName>
), and pappus length (14-19 mm vs. 7.8-8 mm in subsp.
<taxonomicName lsidName="subsp. orientale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="orientale">orientale</taxonomicName>
). Both taxa have a well defined distribution area. The typical subspecies grows along the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Occidental in Colombia and extends southwards to central Ecuador. In contrast,
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. crassum subsp. orientale" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="orientale">X. crassum subsp. orientale</taxonomicName>
is restricted in the northern part of the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
The habit of
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. crassum" lsidName="X. crassum subsp. crassum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="crassum">X. crassum subsp. crassum</taxonomicName>
also resembles that of
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. rigidum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but
<taxonomicName authority="subsp. crassum" lsidName="X. crassum subsp. crassum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="subSpecies" species="crassum" subSpecies="crassum">X. crassum subsp. crassum</taxonomicName>
differs in having longer and narrower leaves (14.7-27.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1.2-2.2 mm vs. 12.6-13.5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.3-2.4 mm in
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. rigidum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), higher number of involucral bracts and ray florets (16 to 21 vs. ca. 13 in
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. rigidum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), and by displaying glabrous achenes (vs. white-villous in
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. rigidum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rigidum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. rigidum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Their distribution areas only overlap in the Antisana Volcano (Napo, Ecuador).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colombia. Caldas</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
del Ruiz, middle slopes, 30 Aug 1957,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H.G. Barclay 5285</emphasis>
(COL); Cordillera Central,
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de Las Letras, SW of Letras,
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="2" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.0333333">5°2'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.316666">75°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4 Dec 1958,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H.G. Barclay &amp; P. Juajibioy 6245</emphasis>
(COL, US); Manizales, N.P. Los Nevados, Casa del Cisne,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.85">4°51'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.35">75°21'W</geoCoordinate>
, 19 Sep 1999,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. Stancik 3381</emphasis>
(COL); Villa
<normalizedToken originalValue="María">Maria</normalizedToken>
, P.N.N. Nevados, cerca al refugio El Cisne,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="50" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.8333335">4°50'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.36667">75°22'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Nov 2010,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.G. Vargas 22382</emphasis>
(COL, ICESI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cauca</emphasis>
: P.N.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Puracé">Purace</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.3333333">2°20'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="24" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.4">76°24'W</geoCoordinate>
, 31 Aug 1972,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
H.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
351
</emphasis>
(CUVC);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Nariño">Narino</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
: Cumbal,
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
de Chiles, en la antena
<normalizedToken originalValue="vía">via</normalizedToken>
El Laurel, Maldonado-Carchi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.81666666">0°49'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.916664">77°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, Jul 2012,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ávila">Avila</normalizedToken>
2232
</emphasis>
(UDBC); Cumbal,
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
de Chiles, en la antena
<normalizedToken originalValue="vía">via</normalizedToken>
El Laurel, Maldonado-Carchi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.81666666">0°49'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.916664">77°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, Jul 2012,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ávila">Avila</normalizedToken>
2236
</emphasis>
(UDBC);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quindío">Quindio</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Quindío">Quindio</normalizedToken>
, Oct 2004,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.G. Vargas 15711</emphasis>
(COL, ICESI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Risaralda</emphasis>
: Santuario-San
<normalizedToken originalValue="José">Jose</normalizedToken>
del Palmar,
<normalizedToken originalValue="serranía">serrania</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tatamá">Tatama</normalizedToken>
, P.N.N.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tatamá">Tatama</normalizedToken>
, sectores Mirlas, Piedra Bomba, Frailejonal, Lagunas y Ventanas, acceso desde Santuario,
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.1">5°6'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.05">76°3'W</geoCoordinate>
, 16 Jul 2009,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. Betancur, F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
&amp; J.N.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Gómez">Gomez</normalizedToken>
14253
</emphasis>
(COL); Pereira, alrededores de la laguna de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Otún">Otun</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.7666664">4°46'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.416664">75°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3 Feb 1980,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz-Piedrahita">Diaz-Piedrahita</normalizedToken>
, H. Valencia &amp; R. Jaramillo 19700
</emphasis>
(COL); Santuario, vereda Las Colonias, 400 m arriba la cascada,
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.116667">5°7'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="2" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.03333">76°2'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3 Feb 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.H. Torres et al. 1633</emphasis>
(COL); Santuario, macizo de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tamaná">Tamana</normalizedToken>
, cerca al campamento &quot;El Reposo&quot;,
<geoCoordinate degrees="5" direction="north" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="5.15">5°9'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.066666">76°4'W</geoCoordinate>
, 7 Feb 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.H. Torres et al. 1663</emphasis>
(COL); Macizo de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tamaná">Tamana</normalizedToken>
, valle de San Francisco, cerca al campamento, 14 Feb 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.H. Torres et al. 1944</emphasis>
(COL); Pereira, P.N.N. Nevados, laguna del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Otún">Otun</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.7666664">4°46'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.416664">75°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 20 Nov 2008,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.G. Vargas 19700</emphasis>
(ICESI); Pereira, laguna del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Otún">Otun</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="46" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.7666664">4°46'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="25" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.416664">75°25'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Oct 2009,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.G. Vargas 21036</emphasis>
(COL, ICESI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tolima</emphasis>
: Cordillera Central, Nevado del Ruiz,
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramos">paramos</normalizedToken>
entre Termales y Nevado y
<normalizedToken originalValue="Líbano">Libano</normalizedToken>
, above turn-off of road to
<normalizedToken originalValue="Líbano">Libano</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="56" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.9333334">4°56'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.333336">75°20'W</geoCoordinate>
, 18 Dec 1958,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H.G. Barclay &amp; P. Juajibioy 6409</emphasis>
(COL); Santa Isabel, camino del paso de la quebrada del
<normalizedToken originalValue="África">Africa</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.75">4°45'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.36667">75°22'W</geoCoordinate>
, 7 Feb 1980,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Díaz-Piedrahita">Diaz-Piedrahita</normalizedToken>
&amp; R. Jaramillo 1918
</emphasis>
(COL); road on N side of Nevado del Ruiz, near fork in road that leads to El Rosario, approx. 8 km E of intersection with road to Manizales,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.9166665">4°55'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.28333">75°17'W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 Jan 1986,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V.A. Funk 8044</emphasis>
(COL); road on N side of Nevado del Ruiz, near fork in road that leads to El Rosario, approx. 8 km E of intersection with road to Manizales,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.9166665">4°55'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.28333">75°17'W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 Jan 1986,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V.A. Funk 8046</emphasis>
(COL); Cajamarca, corregimiento Anaime, La Castellana, 5 Jun 1994,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Restrepo 430</emphasis>
(COL); Cajamarca,
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de Anaime, reserva Semillas de Agua,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.25">4°15'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="33" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.55">75°33'W</geoCoordinate>
, 6 Jun 2000,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.G. Vargas 8108</emphasis>
(ICESI);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Valle del Cauca</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Riofrío">Riofrio</normalizedToken>
, Venecia,
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
El Duende,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.0666666">4°4'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.5">76°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3 Jun 2010,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.C. Benavides 4859</emphasis>
(COL); Los Farallones, cuenca del
<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
Timba, vert. oriental, quebrada Valle Escondido,
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.3">3°18'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.73333">76°44'W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 Aug 1991,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Calderón">Calderon</normalizedToken>
88A
</emphasis>
(COL); cabeceras de los
<normalizedToken originalValue="ríos">rios</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tuluá">Tulua</normalizedToken>
y Bugalagrande,
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de Las Vegas,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.0666666">4°4'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="47" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.78333">75°47'W</geoCoordinate>
, 22 Mar 1946,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Cuatrecasas 20322</emphasis>
(CONC); Pradera, I.P. Bolo Azul, finca La
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cabaña">Cabana</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="26" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.4333334">3°26'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="3" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.05">76°3'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Nov 1989,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Sarria 591</emphasis>
(COL, CUVC); Palmira, La Nevera,
<geoCoordinate degrees="3" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="3.5166667">3°31'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="4" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-76.066666">76°4'W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 Mar 2008,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.G. Vargas 18840</emphasis>
(ICESI);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tuluá">Tulua</normalizedToken>
, corregimiento de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barragán">Barragan</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="north" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="4.0">4°0'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="75" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-75.8">75°48'W</geoCoordinate>
, 21 Nov 1997,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W.G. Vargas 4201</emphasis>
(COL).
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador. Carchi</emphasis>
: road between
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tulcán">Tulcan</normalizedToken>
and Maldonado, S of
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Chiles,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.78333336">0°47'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.96667">77°58'W</geoCoordinate>
, 12 Mar 1985,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Eriksen 59010</emphasis>
(QCA, QCNE); paramo El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ángel">Angel</normalizedToken>
, between towns of El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ángel">Angel</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tulcán">Tulcan</normalizedToken>
near the pass, 4 Mar 1992,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V.A. Funk &amp; M. Gavilanes 11069</emphasis>
(QCA, QCNE); paramo El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ángel">Angel</normalizedToken>
, between towns of El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ángel">Angel</normalizedToken>
and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tulcán">Tulcan</normalizedToken>
near the pass, 4 Mar 1992,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V.A. Funk &amp; M. Gavilanes 11070</emphasis>
(QCA, QCNE, US);
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Chiles, rd. from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tulcán">Tulcan</normalizedToken>
to Maldonado, 36 km W of the bridge at the W edge of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tulcán">Tulcan</normalizedToken>
, 5 Mar 1992,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V.A. Funk &amp; M. Gavilanes 11073</emphasis>
(QCA, QCNE);
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Chiles, rd. from
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tulcán">Tulcan</normalizedToken>
to Maldonado, 38 km W of the bridge at the W edge of
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tulcán">Tulcan</normalizedToken>
, 5 Mar 1992,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">V.A. Funk &amp; M. Gavilanes 11077</emphasis>
(QCA, QCNE); Espejo, reserva
<normalizedToken originalValue="ecológica">ecologica</normalizedToken>
El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ángel">Angel</normalizedToken>
, sitio de lagunas El Voladero,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.7">0°42'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="53" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.88333">77°53'W</geoCoordinate>
, 31 Oct 1993,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. Palacios 11680</emphasis>
(QCNE); S slopes of
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Chiles,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="49" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.81666666">0°49'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.95">77°57'W</geoCoordinate>
, 21 Oct 1987,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.M. Ramsay &amp; P.J. Merrow-Smith 869</emphasis>
(QCA, QCNE);
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
del
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ángel">Angel</normalizedToken>
, lado ecuatoriano del
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Chiles,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.8">0°48'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.933334">77°56'W</geoCoordinate>
, May 1989,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Rangel et al. 4406</emphasis>
(COL, US); SW side of
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Chiles,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.8">0°48'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.95">77°57'W</geoCoordinate>
, 20 Jun 1995,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
&amp; V.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kostečková">Kosteckova</normalizedToken>
37-8
</emphasis>
(QCA); SW side of
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Chiles,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.8">0°48'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.95">77°57'W</geoCoordinate>
, 22 Jun 1995,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
&amp; V.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kostečková">Kosteckova</normalizedToken>
48-1
</emphasis>
(QCA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Chiles, SW side of the volcano,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="48" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.8">0°48'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="57" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.95">77°57'W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 Jun 1995,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
&amp; V.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Kostečková">Kosteckova</normalizedToken>
713
</emphasis>
(QCNE); Espejo, reserva
<normalizedToken originalValue="ecológica">ecologica</normalizedToken>
El
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ángel">Angel</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken originalValue="asociación">asociacion</normalizedToken>
23 de Julio,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="43" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.71666664">0°43'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.916664">77°55'W</geoCoordinate>
, 3 Aug 2003,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Suárez">Suarez</normalizedToken>
, M. Chinchero &amp; M. Cabascango 1355
</emphasis>
(QCNE);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chimborazo</emphasis>
: Altar, hacienda Releche, sector Pashuazo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.6666667">1°40'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="27" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.45">78°27'W</geoCoordinate>
, 23 Jul 2009,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárate">Carate</normalizedToken>
, F. Naranjo &amp; S. Chiriboga 1054
</emphasis>
(QCA); Atillo, frente al campamento de ingenieros del
<normalizedToken originalValue="ejército">ejercito</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-2.1666667">2°10'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="30" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.5">78°30'W</geoCoordinate>
, 12 Apr 2009,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cárate">Carate</normalizedToken>
, J. Salvador &amp; S. Rojas 151
</emphasis>
(QCA);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Napo</emphasis>
: road Quito-Baeza, near the pass at Papallacta,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.33333334">0°20'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.2">78°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 30 Oct 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B. Eriksen &amp; B.B. Larsen 45435</emphasis>
(QCA, QCNE);
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de Papallacta, sector El Paso,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.31666666">0°19'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.2">78°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Oct 1984,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A. Freire 27</emphasis>
(QCA); Pisayambo, laguna Cochas Negras,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="6" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.1">1°6'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.316666">78°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 14 Jan 1999,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
B. Merino &amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Á">A</normalizedToken>
.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(LOJA [mixed with
<taxonomicName lsidName="X. humile" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="humile">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">X. humile</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
]); Llanganati,
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
SE of choza Aucacocha, between Aucacocha and Pan de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Azúcar">Azucar</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.15">1°9'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.3">78°18'W</geoCoordinate>
, 15 May 1982,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
B.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Øllgaard">Ollgaard</normalizedToken>
et al. 38514
</emphasis>
(QCA); reserva
<normalizedToken originalValue="ecológica">ecologica</normalizedToken>
Oyacachi,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.25">0°15'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="5" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.083336">78°5'W</geoCoordinate>
, 29 Sep 2007,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K. Romoleroux et al. 4642</emphasis>
(QCA); La Virgen de Papallacta, a 50 m desde la
<normalizedToken originalValue="vía">via</normalizedToken>
al Tena, hacia el interior del
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="21" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.35">0°21'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.183334">78°11'W</geoCoordinate>
, 31 Mar 2010,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
C.V.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sandoya-Sánchez">Sandoya-Sanchez</normalizedToken>
, E. Gortaire &amp; J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Irazábal">Irazabal</normalizedToken>
335
</emphasis>
(QCA); NE side of
<normalizedToken originalValue="volcán">volcan</normalizedToken>
Antisana,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="27" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.45">0°27'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="8" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.13333">78°8'W</geoCoordinate>
, 18 Aug 1997,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
&amp; V.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sklenářová">Sklenarova</normalizedToken>
3559
</emphasis>
(QCA); Tena, P.N. Llanganates,
<normalizedToken originalValue="vía">via</normalizedToken>
Salcedo-Tena, de laguna Chaloa Cocha
<normalizedToken originalValue="desvío">desvio</normalizedToken>
a Rayo Filo,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.95">0°57'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.38333">78°23'W</geoCoordinate>
, 20 Sep 1998,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
H. Vargas, E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Narváez">Narvaez</normalizedToken>
&amp; S. Orellana 2630
</emphasis>
(QCNE);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pichincha</emphasis>
: Cordillera Oriental, cerro de Corrales,
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamaní">Guamani</normalizedToken>
, on north side of
<normalizedToken originalValue="boquerón">boqueron</normalizedToken>
, highest point of road to Papallacta,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.31666666">0°19'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.2">78°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 16 Aug 1959,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H.G. Barclay &amp; P. Juajibioy 8855</emphasis>
(COL); Quito, embalse Salve Faccha,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.33333334">0°20'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.25">78°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 31 Aug 2001,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
D.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
, G.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pérez">Perez</normalizedToken>
&amp; L.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Calvopiña">Calvopina</normalizedToken>
416
</emphasis>
(QCNE);
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamaní">Guamani</normalizedToken>
, carretera Quito-Pifo-Papallacta,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.38333333">0°23'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.15">78°9'W</geoCoordinate>
, 20 Oct 1990,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
E.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guerrón">Guerron</normalizedToken>
15
</emphasis>
(QCA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamaní">Guamani</normalizedToken>
, close to paso de La Virgen,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.33333334">0°20'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.21667">78°13'W</geoCoordinate>
, 8 Feb 1984,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. Laegaard 51328</emphasis>
(QCA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamaní">Guamani</normalizedToken>
, paso de la carretera Quito-Baeza,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.31666666">0°19'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.2">78°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 25 Aug 1985,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B.B. Larsen &amp; B. Dall 191</emphasis>
(QCA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamaní">Guamani</normalizedToken>
, carretera Pifo-Papallacta, km 23,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.3">0°18'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="14" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.23333">78°14'W</geoCoordinate>
, 4 Nov 1990,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
S.
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
1012
</emphasis>
(LOJA, QCA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamaní">Guamani</normalizedToken>
, laguna de Hoyas,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.25">0°15'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.2">78°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 8 Aug 1987,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.M. Ramsay &amp; P.J. Merrow-Smith 140</emphasis>
(QCA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamaní">Guamani</normalizedToken>
, on the right of the road Quito-Papallacta,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.33333334">0°20'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.2">78°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Jun 1997,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
&amp; V.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sklenářová">Sklenarova</normalizedToken>
2010
</emphasis>
(QCA);
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guamaní">Guamani</normalizedToken>
, along the road to the antennas,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="south" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.31666666">0°19'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.2">78°12'W</geoCoordinate>
, 19 Jun 1999,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
7314
</emphasis>
(QCA); N side of nevado Cayambe, on the right side along the road towards the military antennas,
<geoCoordinate degrees="0" direction="north" minutes="5" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.083333336">0°5'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-77.96667">77°58'W</geoCoordinate>
, 6 Aug 2004,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
P.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Sklenář">Sklenar</normalizedToken>
8175
</emphasis>
(QCA);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tungurahua</emphasis>
: P.N. Llanganates, laguna Cable,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="8" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.1333333">1°8'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.3">78°18'W</geoCoordinate>
, 28 Nov 1996,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.L. Clark &amp; J. Fair 3521</emphasis>
(QCNE); Llanganates, entre bordes de Mesa
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tablón">Tablon</normalizedToken>
y entrada de Aucacocha,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.15">1°9'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.316666">78°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 27 Dec 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. Jaramillo, V. Zak &amp; J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yépez">Yepez</normalizedToken>
6004
</emphasis>
(F, QCA); Aucacocha, sector NE de la laguna Aucacocha,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.15">1°9'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.316666">78°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 29 Dec 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J. Jaramillo 6091</emphasis>
(QCA); Aucacocha, sector NE de la laguna de Aucacocha,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.15">1°9'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.316666">78°19'W</geoCoordinate>
, 30 Dec 1983,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
J. Jaramillo, V. Zak &amp; J.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Yépez">Yepez</normalizedToken>
6262
</emphasis>
(QCA); Santiago de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Píllaro">Pillaro</normalizedToken>
, P.N. Llanganates, base of cerro Hermoso on W side, near lake,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.2166667">1°13'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.28333">78°17'W</geoCoordinate>
, 13 Nov 1999,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. Neill et al. 12049</emphasis>
(QCNE); Santiago de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Píllaro">Pillaro</normalizedToken>
, P.N. Llanganates, SW flank of cerro Hermoso, above lake,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="13" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.2166667">1°13'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.28333">78°17'W</geoCoordinate>
, 14 Nov 1999,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D. Neill et al. 12064</emphasis>
(QCA, QCNE); Patate, P.N. Llanganates, alrededores de la laguna Pan de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Azúcar">Azucar</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="1" direction="south" minutes="9" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.15">1°9'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="17" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-78.28333">78°17'W</geoCoordinate>
, 14 Oct 1998,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H. Vargas, J.C. Ronquillo &amp; N. Granda 2870</emphasis>
(QCNE).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>