160 lines
54 KiB
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160 lines
54 KiB
XML
<document id="A3C94B7869F83F2596E9D3207246F00D" ID-CLB-Dataset="4386" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00274.x" ID-GBIF-Dataset="00d366b6-2a60-4f0f-aa2b-58eac14fbec6" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5429240" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630420490877" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Wirkner, Christian S. & Richter, Stefan" docDate="2007" docId="8161878DC40BFFE7FEC6C37C204CFAD5" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2007.00274.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 149 (4)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00274.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Mictocaris halope Bowman & Iliffe 1985" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="634" masterDocId="7D58FFF5C40EFFEFFF99C6192106FF9D" masterDocTitle="The circulatory system and its spatial relations to other major organ systems in Spelaeogriphacea and Mictacea (Malacostraca, Crustacea) - a three-dimensional analysis" masterLastPageNumber="642" masterPageNumber="629" pageNumber="634" updateTime="1699267349273" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="32BED4010A5A9737837B94D446F6834E">The circulatory system and its spatial relations to other major organ systems in Spelaeogriphacea and Mictacea (Malacostraca, Crustacea) - a three-dimensional analysis</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="545EEE126E32359E40A7DDA27D10884C">Wirkner, Christian S.</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="8161878DC40BFFE7FEC6C37C204CFAD5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5489086" ID-GBIF-Taxon="185435796" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5489086" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8161878DC40BFFE7FEC6C37C204CFAD5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8161878DC40BFFE7FEC6C37C204CFAD5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="634" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">
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<subSubSection id="41D26510C40BFFEAFEC6C37C259DFE70" pageId="5" pageNumber="634" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0977369BC40BFFEAFEC6C37C234BFAE1" blockId="5.[351,589,1381,1405]" box="[351,589,1381,1405]" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">
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<heading id="523F81F7C40BFFEAFEC6C37C234BFAE1" box="[351,589,1381,1405]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="634" reason="5">
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<taxonomicName id="CEC84D18C40BFFEAFEC6C37C234BFAE1" authorityName="Bowman & Iliffe" authorityYear="1985" box="[351,589,1381,1405]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mictocarididae" genus="Mictocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mictacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="641" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halope">MICTOCARIS HALOPE</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0977369BC40BFFEAFF3BC397259DFE70" blockId="5.[162,778,1422,1904]" lastBlockId="5.[826,1442,195,493]" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">
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<emphasis id="3BBCEA89C40BFFEAFF3BC39720BFFA3E" bold="true" box="[162,441,1422,1443]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">DIGESTIVE SYSTEM</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFE48C397232FFA3E" box="[465,553,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[142,220,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[166,1398,198,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-101@6.[166,1399,196,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Major organ systems in Mictocaris halope. A, Schematic diagram of the haemolymph vascular system (HVS) and digestive system in M. halope. Arteries running into the antennae are depicted by broken lines. B, C, photographs of live animals showing the digestive system and the gonads (courtesy of Peter Parks, Image Quest 3D). B, dorsal aspect. C, lateral aspect. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429244/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFDEAC3972390FA39" box="[627,662,1422,1444]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">4A</figureCitation>
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): a short oesophagus connects the mouth to the stomach chamber. The transition is guarded by the cardiooesophageal valve (oe;
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFE33C3F320F9F99D" box="[426,511,1514,1536]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
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). The proventriculus is equipped with a complex filtering apparatus composed of filtering spines in combination with invaginations and grooves. The stomach chamber opens out in a short pyloric region, which is confluent with the midgut. Postero-ventrally of the pyloric region, the antechamber of the midgut glands is situated. Four pairs of midgut glands emanate from this region (mgg;
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFF3BC0C621FFF969" box="[162,249,1759,1781]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Figs 4A</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFEADC0C62052F968" box="[308,340,1759,1781]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">5C</figureCitation>
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) that show (also
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<emphasis id="3BBCEA89C40BFFEAFD85C0F9236EF968" box="[540,616,1760,1781]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">in vivo</emphasis>
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) a corrugated surface (mgg;
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFEDAC0E7209CF88E" box="[323,410,1790,1812]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[142,220,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[166,1398,198,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-101@6.[166,1399,196,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Major organ systems in Mictocaris halope. A, Schematic diagram of the haemolymph vascular system (HVS) and digestive system in M. halope. Arteries running into the antennae are depicted by broken lines. B, C, photographs of live animals showing the digestive system and the gonads (courtesy of Peter Parks, Image Quest 3D). B, dorsal aspect. C, lateral aspect. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429244/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Figs 3C</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFE4DC0E720F1F889" box="[468,503,1790,1812]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">4A</figureCitation>
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): two pairs dorsally and two pairs ventrally. Their wall is made up of longitudinal ridges projecting into the lumen, giving a typical shape in cross sections (mgg;
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFD92C143235AF8ED" box="[523,604,1882,1904]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
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). Two pairs of midgut glands are shorter and run in an anterior direction. The other two pairs run alongside the midgut above each other as far as the 4th and 7th thoracic segments, respectively. The position of the midgut glands seems not to be variable (mgg; compare
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFAC8C72724A4FECE" box="[1361,1442,318,340]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[142,220,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[166,1398,198,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-101@6.[166,1399,196,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Major organ systems in Mictocaris halope. A, Schematic diagram of the haemolymph vascular system (HVS) and digestive system in M. halope. Arteries running into the antennae are depicted by broken lines. B, C, photographs of live animals showing the digestive system and the gonads (courtesy of Peter Parks, Image Quest 3D). B, dorsal aspect. C, lateral aspect. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429244/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
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with
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFCE1C74422CAFEEE" box="[888,972,349,371]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
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). All midgut glands have approximately the same diameter (∼ 80–90 µm). The tubular midgut (
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFCDBC7832293FE32" box="[834,917,410,432]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[142,220,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[166,1398,198,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-101@6.[166,1399,196,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Major organ systems in Mictocaris halope. A, Schematic diagram of the haemolymph vascular system (HVS) and digestive system in M. halope. Arteries running into the antennae are depicted by broken lines. B, C, photographs of live animals showing the digestive system and the gonads (courtesy of Peter Parks, Image Quest 3D). B, dorsal aspect. C, lateral aspect. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429244/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
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; diameter ∼70–90 µm) runs through the whole trunk and opens into a short hindgut. The anus lies in the anterior part of the telson.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="41D26510C40BFFE7FCA3C40C204CFAD5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="637" pageId="5" pageNumber="634" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0977369BC40BFFEAFCA3C40C24A6FAD5" blockId="5.[826,1443,533,1352]" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">
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<emphasis id="3BBCEA89C40BFFEAFCA3C40C25C0FDB7" bold="true" box="[826,1222,533,554]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFB4FC40C242CFDB6" box="[1238,1322,533,555]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
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): different parts of the proto-, deuto- and tritocerebrum can be recognized. Although
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<taxonomicName id="CEC84D18C40BFFEAFBA1C44A25A1FDFA" authorityName="Bowman & Iliffe" authorityYear="1985" box="[1080,1191,594,616]" class="Malacostraca" family="Mictocarididae" genus="Mictocaris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Mictacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="634" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="halope">
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<emphasis id="3BBCEA89C40BFFEAFBA1C44A25A1FDFA" box="[1080,1191,594,616]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">M. halope</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has neither eyes nor visual elements, only the optic neuropils are missing in the protocerebrum. In the lateral protocerebrum, two different neuropils are discernible, probably corresponding to the hemielipsoid bodies (hb) and the terminal medullae (
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFBBAC4F22590FC9C" box="[1059,1174,747,769]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
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). In the median protocerebrum a protocerebral bridge and a central body are distinct (cb;
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFC66C5302555FCA2" box="[1023,1107,809,831]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
). No clear distinction of the anterior and posterior medial protocerebral neuropils could be made in the sections. The protocerebral bridge and the central body are surrounded by distinct neuropils. The anterior medial cells (am) are split by a deep sagittal groove (
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFBAFC5DB2589FC4A" box="[1078,1167,962,984]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFB54C5DB25EBFC45" box="[1229,1261,962,984]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) into two lobes that protrude in a dorsal direction. In the deutocerebrum, voluminous olfactory lobes are present (ol;
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFCA3C2072294FBAE" box="[826,914,1054,1076]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Figs 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFC49C2072516FBAE" box="[976,1040,1054,1076]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">5A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). They contain the olfactory glomeruli (alg), which are clearly visible as areas of densely packed cone-shaped structures (
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFB34C2422406FBEC" box="[1197,1280,1115,1137]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
). An olfactory globular tract (ogt;
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFB83C263256DFB0D" box="[1050,1131,1146,1168]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 5B</figureCitation>
|
||
) is present. The nerves for the first antennae emanate ventrally off the olfactory lobes and the deutocerebrum. In the tritocerebrum, the larger part is made up of the antenna II neuropil from which the nerves of the second antennae lead off. The brain is linked by the rather strong oesophageal connectives to the suboesophageal ganglion (
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFAA7C32B2492FAD5" box="[1342,1428,1330,1352]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0977369BC40BFFEAFCA3C3762440F889" blockId="5.[826,1442,1391,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">
|
||
<emphasis id="3BBCEA89C40BFFEAFCA3C376257CFA19" bold="true" box="[826,1146,1391,1412]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">CIRCULATORY SYSTEM</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFB15C37625E2FA19" box="[1164,1252,1391,1413]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="6.[142,220,1797,1816]" captionTargetBox="[166,1398,198,1764]" captionTargetId="figure-101@6.[166,1399,196,1764]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 3. Major organ systems in Mictocaris halope. A, Schematic diagram of the haemolymph vascular system (HVS) and digestive system in M. halope. Arteries running into the antennae are depicted by broken lines. B, C, photographs of live animals showing the digestive system and the gonads (courtesy of Peter Parks, Image Quest 3D). B, dorsal aspect. C, lateral aspect. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429244" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429244/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Figs 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFABCC3762461FA18" box="[1317,1383,1391,1413]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">4C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
): the tubular heart runs from the border between the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFC7FC3D2253CFA7C" box="[998,1082,1483,1505]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its wall is thin and has only a few muscle fibres that are arranged spirally. In the 2nd thoracic segment its diameter is ∼80–90 µm, narrowing down to ∼40–50 µm in the 5th thoracic segment. It is equipped with a pair of incurrent ostia that lie in the 2nd thoracic segment (
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFB3FC07C241CF9E7" box="[1190,1306,1637,1659]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 5D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The lips of the ostia are thin and ∼15 µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC40BFFEAFB79C09A2433F904" box="[1248,1333,1667,1689]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="5" pageNumber="634">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Neither posterior aorta nor cardiac arteries were observed. The dorsal diaphragm is thin and runs through the whole thorax. In each thoracic segment a podopericardial sinus leads into each thoracic leg.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0977369BC40BFFE7FCCAC104204CFAD5" blockId="5.[826,1442,1391,1904]" lastBlockId="8.[142,758,195,1352]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="637" pageId="5" pageNumber="634">
|
||
In the cephalothorax, the heart is continued by the anterior aorta. A valve, which is made up of two horizontal flaps that protrude into the lumen of the aorta, is located at the transition (va;
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FDC7C6DA23B5FF44" box="[606,691,195,217]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Fig. 5D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The aorta runs through the dorsal anterior pair of midgut glands, and is laterally compressed. It is suspended by connective tissue strands from the dorsal cuticle of the cephalothorax. At the level of the dorsal stomach dilator muscles m116 (nomenclature after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6D594B6AC406FFE7FF57C7622080FE0C" author="Scheloske H-W" box="[206,390,379,401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="637" pagination="519 - 573" refId="ref6732" refString="Scheloske H-W. 1976. Vergleichend-morphologische und funktionelle Untersuchungen am Magen von Asellus aquaticus (L.) (Asellidae, Isopoda). Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere 95: 519 - 573." type="journal article" year="1976">Scheloske, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the aorta bends ventrally and then widens laterally forming a large dilation that directly lies against the stomach wall. This dilation has a vertical extension of ∼150 µm (∼ 30 µm deep, if not compressed, and ∼90 µm wide) and fills the space between the anterior stomach and oesophagus wall and the posterior front of the brain. Oesophageal dilator muscles run through this dilation (oed;
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FF17C46821C8FD1A" box="[142,206,625,647]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="10.[142,220,1303,1322]" captionTargetBox="[147,1417,562,1266]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 6. Schematic diagrams of the pumping function of the ‘myoarterial formation a’ in Mictocaris halope. A, diastole. B, systole. Arrows depict flow directions of the haemolymph. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429248/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
; see the Discussion). In the centre of the deutocerebrum a median unpaired vessel emanates from the dilation. It runs into the brain and splits into four branches that curve back, thus supplying the brain with haemolymph (herein called brain artery, ba;
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FF27C5132032FC82" box="[190,308,778,800]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Figs 4C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FEE5C51320BCFC82" box="[380,442,778,800]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="8" pageNumber="637">5A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ventral part of the aorta dilation is a complex vascular structure made up of channels and vessels that run around the brain (
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FF44C57F2054FCE1" box="[221,338,870,892]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Fig. 4C–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Just ventral to the brain artery a broad vessel branches off running underneath the deutocerebrum in an anterior direction (arrow;
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FF17C5DB21E5FC45" box="[142,227,962,984]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the base of the first antennae, it splits to supply these appendages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FE7BC5F8233EFC6A" box="[482,568,993,1015]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
). At the level of the brain artery a pair of arteries branches off the dilation laterally (arrows;
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FE26C2072314FBA9" box="[447,530,1054,1076]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). They run through a groove between the lateral part of the deutocerebrum and the medial parts of the olfactory lobes and, together with the second antennal nerves, pass into the second antennae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FE51C2802346FB33" box="[456,576,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Figs 4C–E</figureCitation>
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and
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FD19C28023A4FB32" box="[640,674,1177,1199]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="10.[142,220,196,215]" captionText="Figure 5. Semi-thin sections of Mictocaris halope. Scale bars represent 100 µm. A, Cross section through the brain. Different parts of the brain are visible. The pericaria (pe) are clearly distinguishable from the neuropils. B, Cross section through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscles (oed) inside the aorta dilation. C, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax; note the aorta dilation lying between the stomach chamber and the brain. Anterior is up. D, horizontal section through the transition of the heart into the anterior aorta. Note the pair of ostia. The openings of the ostia lie directly opposite each other. Anterior is left. E, horizontal section through the cephalothorax and thorax. The heart extends from the border of the cephalothorax and the 2nd thoracic segment to the 5th thoracic segment. Anterior is left. F, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax, the brain artery running through the brain. Note the oesophageal dilator muscle (oed) running inside the aorta dilation. Anterior is left. G, horizontal section through the anterior cephalothorax. Anterior is left. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." pageId="8" pageNumber="637">5B</figureCitation>
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). From these vessels, at the base of the second antennae, a vessel emanates in a medio-posterior direction (arrows;
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FF6CC2EC204EFA96" box="[245,328,1269,1291]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
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), which fuses with the labral funnel (lv;
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<figureCitation id="91F32A1EC406FFE7FF25C30A2036FAB4" box="[188,304,1299,1321]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="7.[162,240,1762,1781]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,196,1727]" captionTargetId="figure-118@7.[295,1310,196,1729]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 4. Three-dimensional reconstructions of a semithin cross section series of Mictocaris halope. A–E, surface renderings of the main organ systems in the cephalothorax. A, three aspects of the digestive system. B, three aspects of the central nervous system. C, D, The haemolymph vascular system (HVS) in the cephalothorax. C, frontal aspect. D, lateral aspect. E, antero-dorsal aspect. F, three virtual sections of the whole image stack. Same colour codes as in the surface renderings. See the Appendix for a list of abbreviations used." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429246/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="637">Fig. 4C, D</figureCitation>
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). A direct supply to mouthparts could not be observed.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |