treatments-xml/data/7B/52/87/7B5287F0DE4EE46EE08B3B3C0639CA15.xml

<document ID-DOI="10.1111/zoj.12333" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4720622" checkinTime="1619444012732" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Prantoni, Alessandro Lívio, Wit, Pierre De &amp; Erséus, Christer" docDate="2016" docId="7B5287F0DE4EE46EE08B3B3C0639CA15" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoolJLinnSoc.176.485-510.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12333" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Grania simonae Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus 2016, SP. NOV." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="497" masterDocId="876BFF88DE44E462E349395E0740C819" masterDocTitle="First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species" masterLastPageNumber="510" masterPageNumber="485" pageNumber="495" updateTime="1673465143273" updateUser="felipe">
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<mods:title>First reports of Grania (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from Africa and South America: molecular phylogeny and descriptions of nine new species</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Prantoni, Alessandro Lívio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Wit, Pierre De</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Erséus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-02-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number>176</mods:number>
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<mods:number>3</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0024-4082</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4720622</mods:identifier>
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<subSubSection box="[962,1265,610,631]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="10.[962,1265,610,664]" box="[962,1265,610,631]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">
<heading box="[962,1265,610,631]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" reason="4">
<taxonomicName ID-CoL="3H82C" ID-ENA="1702338" authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[962,1167,610,631]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="simonae" status="sp. nov.">GRANIA SIMONAE</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1174,1206,610,631]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">SP.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1213,1265,610,631]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">NOV.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="496" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="10.[962,1265,610,664]" box="[1060,1167,642,664]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">
<figureCitation box="[1060,1167,642,664]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,243,791,810]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,198,758]" captionTargetId="figure-549@11.[164,1444,195,761]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Grania simonae sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, coelomocytes. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720636/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">FIGURE 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[806,1422,680,947]" box="[806,905,680,701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis box="[806,905,680,701]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">
<typeStatus box="[806,905,680,701]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[806,1422,680,947]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="A82476, KT428100" collectingDate="2011-12-16" collectionCode="SAMC" collectorName="N. Bekkouche &amp; GenBank" country="South Africa" county="Province" latitude="-34.616665" location="Van Dyks Bay" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="19.355833" municipality="Overstrand Local Municipality" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" specimenCode="CE14111" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Western Cape" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectionCode box="[806,882,711,732]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[890,981,711,733]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/A82476" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">A82476</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[998,1106,711,732]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">CE14111</specimenCode>
, whole-mounted, sexually mature specimen, 11 posterior segments amputated, from 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B5287F0DE4EE46EE08B3B3C0639CA15:F624603DDE4EE468E0293A5B04BCCB03" box="[864,1020,772,794]" country="South Africa" county="Province" latitude="-34.616665" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="19.355833" municipality="Overstrand Local Municipality" name="Van Dyks Bay" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" stateProvince="Western Cape">Van Dyks Bay</location>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7B5287F0DE4EE46EE08B3B3C0639CA15:F624603DDE4EE468E74F3A5A0385CB03" box="[1030,1221,772,794]" country="South Africa" county="Province" latitude="-34.616665" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="19.355833" municipality="Overstrand Local Municipality" name="Overberg District" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" stateProvince="Western Cape">Overberg District</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Overstrand Local Municipality</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<collectingCounty box="[971,1072,803,825]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Province</collectingCounty>
of the 
<collectingRegion box="[1166,1336,803,824]" country="South Africa" name="Western Cape" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Western Cape</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCountry name="South Africa" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">South Africa</collectingCountry>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[884,1001,833,855]" degrees="34" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" precision="15" seconds="00" value="-34.616665">34°37′00″S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate box="[1013,1133,833,855]" degrees="19" direction="east" minutes="21" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" precision="15" seconds="21" value="19.355833">19°21′21″E</geoCoordinate>
, intertidal crevice between rocks. Collected by 
<collectorName box="[1032,1194,864,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">N. Bekkouche</collectorName>
, 
<date box="[1206,1418,864,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" value="2011-12-16">
<collectingDate box="[1206,1418,864,886]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" value="2011-12-16">16 December 2011</collectingDate>
</date>
. 
<emphasis box="[806,853,895,916]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">COI</emphasis>
barcode sequence, 
<collectorName box="[1082,1190,895,917]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">GenBank</collectorName>
acc. no. 
<accessionNumber box="[1296,1417,895,916]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/KT428100" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">KT428100</accessionNumber>
; for other sequence data, see 
<tableCitation box="[1144,1228,925,947]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[31,95,393,414]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Specimens of the new species used for genetic analysis, with places of origin, voucher numbers, and GenBank accession numbers" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[806,1421,988,1133]" box="[806,925,988,1009]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis box="[806,925,988,1009]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[806,1421,988,1133]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Named for the South African annelid specialist, Dr Carol Simon, who arranged and generously assisted with the workshop/fieldwork that led to the collection of this species.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[806,1421,1175,1563]" box="[806,919,1175,1196]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis box="[806,919,1175,1196]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">
<typeStatus box="[806,919,1175,1196]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[806,1421,1175,1563]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="A82482, A82477, A82478, A82479, A82480, A82481" collectionCode="SAMC" collectorName="Six &amp; N. Bekkouche." pageId="10" pageNumber="495" specimenCode="CE14110, CE14112, CE14058, CE14060, CE14093" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<collectorName box="[806,843,1205,1227]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Six</collectorName>
whole-mounted, sexually mature specimens, all from the type locality and date, and collected by 
<collectorName box="[806,980,1266,1288]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">N. Bekkouche.</collectorName>
<collectionCode box="[992,1068,1266,1287]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[1076,1169,1266,1287]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/A82482" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">A82482</accessionNumber>
, complete, not DNA barcoded specimen. 
<collectionCode box="[1036,1110,1297,1318]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[1117,1206,1297,1318]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/A82477" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">A82477</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1217,1322,1297,1318]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">CE14110</specimenCode>
, with 14 midbody segments amputated. 
<collectionCode box="[1145,1217,1327,1348]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[1222,1307,1327,1348]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/A82478" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">A82478</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1317,1418,1327,1348]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">CE14112</specimenCode>
, with 14 middle body segments amputated. 
<collectionCode box="[806,880,1388,1409]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[887,976,1388,1409]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/A82479" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">A82479</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[988,1095,1388,1410]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">CE14058</specimenCode>
, with some segments amputated. 
<collectionCode box="[883,957,1419,1440]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[964,1053,1419,1440]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/A82480" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">A82480</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1068,1174,1419,1441]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">CE14060</specimenCode>
, with eight posterior segments amputated. 
<collectionCode box="[1064,1138,1449,1470]" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">SAMC</collectionCode>
<accessionNumber box="[1145,1235,1449,1470]" httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/A82481" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">A82481</accessionNumber>
, 
<specimenCode box="[1249,1356,1449,1470]" collectionCode="SAMC" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/94p5-pepz" name="Iziko Museums of Cape Town" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" type="Museum">CE14093</specimenCode>
, with some segments amputated, from the type locality too, but in shallow subtidal. For 
<emphasis box="[1121,1167,1511,1532]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">COI</emphasis>
barcodes of 
<typeStatus box="[1305,1417,1511,1532]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">paratypes</typeStatus>
, see 
<tableCitation box="[852,936,1541,1563]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="3.[31,95,393,414]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Table 1. Specimens of the new species used for genetic analysis, with places of origin, voucher numbers, and GenBank accession numbers" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Table 1</tableCitation>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="10.[806,1421,1605,1902]" box="[806,935,1605,1626]" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">
<emphasis box="[806,935,1605,1626]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
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Body of only complete specimen 
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long, 79 segments (
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SAMC 
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), 
<quantity box="[1198,1358,1665,1687]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7999999999999998" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="0.18" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.16">0.16–0.20 mm</quantity>
wide at segment III, 
<quantity box="[998,1162,1696,1718]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="10" pageNumber="495" unit="mm" value="0.185" valueMax="0.22" valueMin="0.15">0.15–0.22 mm</quantity>
wide at segment XII (
<emphasis box="[815,830,1727,1748]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">n</emphasis>
= 7). Prostomium rounded, 55–87 μm long, 62– 80 μm wide, epidermis 7–10 μm thick (
<emphasis box="[1294,1309,1758,1779]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">n</emphasis>
= 7), not reduced at front tip. Ventral chaetae present from segment IV, lateral chaetae absent. Chaetae (
<figureCitation box="[1330,1414,1818,1840]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,243,791,810]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,198,758]" captionTargetId="figure-549@11.[164,1444,195,761]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Grania simonae sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, coelomocytes. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720636/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="495">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
) L-shaped, 45–90 μm long, 5–6 μm thick at midpoint, shaft straight and broad at the base, foot 16–20 μm long, with slight heel, and sometimes with slight toe. Chaetal index (
<bibRefCitation author="Erseus C &amp; Rota E" box="[332,562,931,953]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" pagination="892 - 900" refId="ref17321" refString="Erseus C, Rota E. 2003. New findings and an overview of the oligochaetous Clitellata (Annelida) of the North Atlantic deep sea. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 116: 892 - 900." type="journal article" year="2003">Rota &amp; Erséus, 2003</bibRefCitation>
) 4.70 ± 0.39 (
<emphasis box="[710,725,932,953]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">n</emphasis>
= 5). Free chaetae scattered in the coelomic cavity, sometimes numerous. Epidermal gland cells inconspicuous. Clitellum maximally 22 μm thick, extending from segments XII to XIII, comprising rows of large granular cells, absent between male pores. Spermathecal pores in lateral lines, immediately posterior to 4/5. Male pores located ventrolaterally in mid-segment XII. Female pores not observed.
</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="11.[164,1442,791,839]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[164,560,791,810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">
Figure 6. 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[279,467,791,810]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="simonae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[279,467,791,810]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">Grania simonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[474,560,791,810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, coelomocytes. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="11.[164,779,901,1902]" lastBlockId="11.[826,1441,900,984]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">
Brain posteriorly indented. Head organ (
<emphasis box="[655,718,1207,1228]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E &amp; Erseus C" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" pagination="169 - 183" refId="ref18340" refString="Rota E, Erseus C. 1996. Six new species of Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 2: 169 - 183." type="journal article" year="1996">Rota &amp; Erséus, 1996</bibRefCitation>
) absent. Pharyngeal glands in segments IV–VI, dorsal lobes in segment IV (one pair), in segment V (one pair), and in segment VI (one pair), ventral lobes present in segment IV (one pair), in segment V (two pairs), and in segment VI (two pairs); glands not connected dorsally. Nephridia not observed. Chloragogen cells from segment VII distinctive, containing dark granules, dense in posterior segments. Dorsal blood vessel from segments XXI or XXIV (
<emphasis box="[245,260,1513,1534]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">n</emphasis>
= 3). Coelomocytes irregular, at least 10 μm wide, most abundant posteriorly (in complete specimen) (
<figureCitation box="[235,319,1574,1596]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,243,791,810]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,198,758]" captionTargetId="figure-549@11.[164,1444,195,761]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Grania simonae sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, coelomocytes. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720636/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
). Sperm sac extending into segment XVI, egg sac reaching segment XX. Sperm funnels in segment XI about two times longer than wide, folded, occasionally directed posteriorly (
<typeStatus box="[555,653,1665,1687]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">holotype</typeStatus>
) (
<figureCitation box="[680,767,1665,1687]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,243,791,810]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,198,758]" captionTargetId="figure-549@11.[164,1444,195,761]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Grania simonae sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, coelomocytes. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720636/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Vasa deferentia reaching at least segment XIV, coiled, internally ciliated, 15 μm wide near sperm funnel, narrowing to about 10 μm. Glandular penial bulb type 1 (
<emphasis box="[172,235,1789,1810]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">sensu</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Coates KA" box="[245,396,1788,1810]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" pagination="45 - 50" refId="ref16484" refString="Coates KA. 1984. Specific criteria in Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Hydrobiologia 115: 45 - 50." type="journal article" year="1984">Coates, 1984</bibRefCitation>
), 75–80 μm long, 50–68 μm wide (
<emphasis box="[172,187,1819,1840]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">n</emphasis>
= 6); stylet absent (
<figureCitation box="[425,512,1818,1840]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,243,791,810]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,198,758]" captionTargetId="figure-549@11.[164,1444,195,761]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Grania simonae sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, coelomocytes. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720636/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
). Copulatory gland (in segment XIV) absent. Spermathecal ampulla small, more or less spherical, 37–55 μm long, 37–52 μm wide (
<figureCitation box="[834,919,900,922]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[164,243,791,810]" captionTargetBox="[167,1441,198,758]" captionTargetId="figure-549@11.[164,1444,195,761]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. Grania simonae sp. nov. A, chaetae. B, spermatheca. C, coelomocytes. D, penial bulb and sperm funnel. See text for abbreviations." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4720636" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4720636/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
). Sperm rings up to 15 μm wide. Ectal duct slender, 90–115 μm long, 17–25 μm wide, not narrowing at ends. No gland at spermathecal pore.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="11.[826,1442,1053,1901]" box="[826,927,1053,1074]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">
<emphasis box="[826,927,1053,1074]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">Remarks</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[826,1442,1053,1901]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[826,1013,1084,1106]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="simonae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[826,1013,1084,1106]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">Grania simonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1020,1105,1085,1106]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is unique among the South African species described here and all other members of the genus by the combination of the following characters: lack of lateral chaetae, spermathecae with small and spherical ampulla, dense chloragogen cells, dorsal blood vessel commencing in segment XXIV, and absence of head organ and a midventral copulatory gland in segment XIV. This is the only South African species with numerous and conspicuous coelomocytes scattered throughout the body, but as stated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E &amp; Wang H &amp; Erseus C" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" pagination="999 - 1023" refId="ref18577" refString="Rota E, Wang H, Erseus C. 2007. The diverse Grania fauna (Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) of the Esperance area, Western Australia, with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Natural History 41: 999 - 1023." type="journal article" year="2007">
Rota 
<emphasis box="[1387,1434,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">et al</emphasis>
. (2007)
</bibRefCitation>
and 
<bibRefCitation author="De Wit P &amp; Erseus C" box="[955,1229,1390,1412]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" pagination="27 - 50" refId="ref16899" refString="De Wit P, Erseus C. 2007. Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean. Zootaxa 50: 27 - 50." type="journal article" year="2007">De Wit &amp; Erséus (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, the apparent lack of coelomocytes in the other species described herein may be an artifact, caused by the fixation and staining procedures.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="11.[826,1442,1053,1901]" lastBlockId="12.[144,759,197,525]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="497" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">
The absence of lateral chaetae has been recorded for at least 13 different species of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="SIMONAE" authorityYear="2016" box="[1178,1260,1543,1564]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[1178,1260,1543,1564]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">Grania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to date. Among them, 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[904,1031,1574,1595]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="simonae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[904,1031,1574,1595]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">G. simonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1037,1122,1574,1595]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is reminiscent of the Antarctic species 
<taxonomicName authority="Rota &amp; Erseus, 1996" authorityName="Rota &amp; Erseus" authorityYear="1996" box="[989,1436,1604,1626]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carchinii">
<emphasis box="[989,1182,1604,1625]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">Grania carchinii</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation author="Rota E &amp; Erseus C" box="[1192,1436,1604,1626]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" pagination="169 - 183" refId="ref18340" refString="Rota E, Erseus C. 1996. Six new species of Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae) from the Ross Sea, Antarctica. Antarctic Science 2: 169 - 183." type="journal article" year="1996">Rota &amp; Erséus, 1996</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by the absence of penial stylets and head organ, and the possession of dense chloragogen cells; however, the adult specimens of 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[1036,1160,1696,1718]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="simonae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1036,1160,1696,1718]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">G. simonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1167,1249,1696,1717]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are at least twice as large as those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rota &amp; Erseus" authorityYear="1996" box="[1063,1198,1726,1748]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carchinii">
<emphasis box="[1063,1198,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">G. carchinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
known so far. These two species are also distinguished from each other by the morphology of the spermatheca. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rota &amp; Erseus" authorityYear="1996" box="[1249,1441,1788,1809]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carchinii">
<emphasis box="[1249,1441,1788,1809]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">Grania carchinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a larger (pear-shaped) spermathecal ampulla and a shorter spermathecal duct than 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[1217,1343,1849,1871]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="simonae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[1217,1343,1849,1871]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="496">G. simonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1350,1437,1849,1870]" pageId="11" pageNumber="496" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
; the latter has a spherical spermathecal ampulla. Moreover, 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rota &amp; Erseus" authorityYear="1996" box="[256,385,197,218]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="carchinii">
<emphasis box="[256,385,197,218]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="497">G. carchinii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a midventral copulatory gland in segment XIV, which is lacking in 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[543,668,228,249]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="simonae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[543,668,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="497">G. simonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[675,759,228,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="497" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="12.[144,759,197,525]" pageId="12" pageNumber="497">
The Western Australian 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coates &amp; Stacey" authorityYear="1993" box="[440,577,258,280]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
<emphasis box="[440,577,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="497">G. conjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coates &amp; Stacey" authorityYear="1993" box="[633,758,258,280]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vacivasa">
<emphasis box="[633,758,258,280]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="497">G. vacivasa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
also resemble 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[316,444,289,310]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="simonae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[316,444,289,310]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="497">G. simonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[451,537,289,310]" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
by the absence of lateral chaetae, stylets, and head organ, but they both differ from the latter by possessing a midventral copulatory gland in segment XIV and by extremely long sperm funnels; the funnels are only about twice longer than wide in 
<taxonomicName authority="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus, 2016" authorityName="Prantoni &amp; Wit &amp; Erséus" authorityYear="2016" box="[299,425,442,463]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="simonae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis box="[299,425,442,463]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="497">G. simonae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[432,520,442,463]" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, but 19 times longer than wide in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coates &amp; Stacey" authorityYear="1993" box="[291,427,473,494]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="conjuncta">
<emphasis box="[291,427,473,494]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="497">G. conjuncta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and 11–15 times longer than wide in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Coates &amp; Stacey" authorityYear="1993" box="[239,370,503,524]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="12" pageNumber="497" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="vacivasa">
<emphasis box="[239,370,503,524]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="497">G. vacivasa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>