394 lines
57 KiB
XML
394 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document id="8F499D7A9DCF5B32103F831EB73CC4B3" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="70f2fca9-e26a-4003-96a7-cd2c88fd3ed2" ModsDocID="z01545p049" checkinTime="1247325043280" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Luis Fernández & Roberto Quispe Chuquihuamani" docDate="2007" docId="6B840EAAE075684F8D7A411BD8DBD8CA" docLanguage="en" docName="2007_Fernandez_Chuquihuamani_gg1.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1545" docSource="http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B3AF9BBA-6758-47E5-AF1F-9CF7209B3E9C" docTitle="Trichomycterus megantoni Fernández & Chuquihuamani, 2007, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="3B86BEEE0058C7112F4552609DE0656D" masterDocTitle="A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Andean Cordillera of Perú with comments on relationships within the genus." masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1701314675210" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="5EFA0661BA006E7F4F3BCB27308ED0EC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="80A2EC05C16ED590D0EA609E59B1B231">
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<mods:title id="2F9A180326F70727B89FB1699655CB08">A new species of Trichomycterus (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) from the Andean Cordillera of Perú with comments on relationships within the genus.</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="8575213B413736521F52F4FC3338A818" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="EC619BDB823C61755EBD204BAF13CE3D">
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<mods:roleTerm id="61A30F2476AEC71050C10E628D070909">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="42B17F75791CDAE232BACABA677223DD">Luis Fernández</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="7B8FE2631C7ECF3E7C82A5B534494520" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="516C01EEEF26A7AD63509EF9EE5DD843">
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<mods:roleTerm id="B0A12B115D9D9334F0A1BC80212C1097">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="D99783462B40FDE68DDC18A0271E9424">Roberto Quispe Chuquihuamani</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="843E07C02C8A6285A576CC544455CB02">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="02CD08C31DCF504FF56D120B57492143">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6E6F9991F0218327BAC913DFEFEF4B08">
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<mods:date id="1E5A5AF8075544FDB34CF340B4E65678">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="58239A80C6E6879B92149986DA9F3588" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="EBB554B84CAF580736C0C172A641EC40">1545</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="C06F73B88AE9B1A1B311FA9B30CA6B55">49</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="C9727776092A12FF12BA776FE1C982FC">57</mods:end>
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</mods:part>
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<mods:location id="A64A2438D9474FA0EFEB603356D61442">
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<mods:url id="271AF9F45B0E605AF1439CB5DAC43E47">http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B3AF9BBA-6758-47E5-AF1F-9CF7209B3E9C</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="59F57A3797CE5A518E4665DB4703333A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0E3450362D747F81BFAE1108423D70C1" type="Plazi-Custom">z01545p049</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AFCEF26B3D7CAA308F90EF07617A5E07" type="ZooBank">B3AF9BBA-6758-47E5-AF1F-9CF7209B3E9C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="6B840EAAE075684F8D7A411BD8DBD8CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6248970" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100123653" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6248970" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B840EAAE075684F8D7A411BD8DBD8CA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B840EAAE075684F8D7A411BD8DBD8CA" lastPageNumber="55" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="5622D784534EFBF27FBED5303472ECA1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4E6ED566CF2048E3DCA85481E27AA456" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="AA98DB2856B652703F5067035B18F0B6" ID-CoL="58FJM" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">Trichomycterus megantoni</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="EBE0AFA99CDA502BE9A95196CBF23C89" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1E887C7387FD2706CABA7CFB1CBFE9B0" type="description">
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<paragraph id="45895E452AF2AFADB722E93F776C8DEF" pageNumber="50">(Fig. 1)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6F2A7C9D9FBB7F0E10F3929A60D24479" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4F604D30716726195BE00CC4AF05A923" pageNumber="50">
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<materialsCitation id="2D0907A80ADE9A945A411A6C4853026B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480845" country="Peru">
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<typeStatus id="967F3F41F2F8C32643B5E1D7A1D483A3">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="716307725E0AE355120E263B212ADBD2" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural">MUSM</collectionCode>
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29631, 91.3 mm SL,
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<normalizedToken id="7D0AE85782101DB27AC3D9BCEA2F5256" originalValue="Perú">
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<collectingCountry id="E5C9B1FE63BED57FB9A1C5EC380C604E">Peru</collectingCountry>
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</normalizedToken>
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, Ucayali basin, Urubamba river, Santuario Nacional Machiguenga Megantoni, Quebrada Earoto, elevation 2,100 m,
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<date id="F624D7672B510985D95329FE6DF217E7" day="11" month="05" value="2004-05-11" year="2004">11 May 2004</date>
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, coll. M. Hidalgo and R. Quispe.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AEFD936F99DCD3D593704101E509DEA6" pageNumber="50">
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<materialsCitation id="22A7D11491710FE16A0C67D4811BC171" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480849" country="Peru">
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<typeStatus id="D4FA4C7F38BA49F75EFE182722C4E423">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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.
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<collectionCode id="75634062F5D798B137DB4C9B5F76E2AB" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural">MUSM</collectionCode>
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25464, 2, 89.3-100.9 mm SL, same data as holotype.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="8305D002D0D688B5A50E04199396D558" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480850" country="Peru">
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<collectionCode id="0F6B365EF6892878298D4857958DDEE2" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural">MUSM</collectionCode>
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25465, 5, 47.3-71.9 mm SL, (1 C&S 61.8 mm SL),
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<normalizedToken id="95E4E6330C218EF4D5E2AC4399DDEB31" originalValue="Perú">
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<collectingCountry id="243A52F22B733AE1C3EB63E15D40389F">Peru</collectingCountry>
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</normalizedToken>
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, Ucayali basin, Urubamba river, Santuario Nacional Machiguenga Megantoni, Quebrada Matzonzori, elevation 2,200 m,
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<date id="8E55C51481FAF2A71B858A848B9BA3FA" day="10" month="05" value="2004-05-10" year="2004">10 May 2004</date>
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, coll. M. Hidalgo and R. Quispe.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="3531B6CE83D5ED2F611D2337E5C2628A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480847" country="Peru">
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<collectionCode id="6DB67C2A7BA890FD9A4C0F454E679889" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural">MUSM</collectionCode>
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25466, 3, 56.3-98.6 mm SL,
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<normalizedToken id="2FF52FFE1F951C84A3BACE899928879E" originalValue="Perú">
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<collectingCountry id="FE7FDC7EA249326DE6D35800F3387A11">Peru</collectingCountry>
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</normalizedToken>
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, Ucayali basin, Urubamba river, Santuario Nacional Machiguenga Megantoni, Quebrada Matzonzori, elevation 2,200 m,
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<date id="F67D8EC260A217B000D3EBF9FF7C7C18" month="05" value="2004-05" year="2004">May 2004</date>
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, coll. M. Hidalgo and R. Quispe.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="B703B1E81740B50E78E754B464CD0233" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480846" country="Peru">
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<collectionCode id="D2304A351C7EBA686F258DEC8AF5421D" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural">MUSM</collectionCode>
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25467, 5, 79.4-91.4 mm SL, (1 C&S 71.6 mm SL),
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<normalizedToken id="B37A021026927FBCD50E1AC296C6FCE1" originalValue="Perú">
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<collectingCountry id="9EC30CA3E256CB02C9FD6751F7FA5602">Peru</collectingCountry>
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</normalizedToken>
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, Ucayali basin, Urubamba river, Santuario Nacional Machiguenga Megantoni, Quebrada Patiti, elevation 2,200 m,
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<date id="A24F014574DCF88E2C0619CB413EB68C" day="12" month="05" value="2004-05-12" year="2004">12 May 2004</date>
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, coll. M. Hidalgo and R Quispe.
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</materialsCitation>
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<materialsCitation id="32D5C5ABC2505A7F29A5F94AD6CF95B8" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1058480848" country="Peru" stateProvince="Cusco">
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<collectionCode id="F0BC78515DE65A9E7F9B6C0F79D7D36A" collectionName="Peru, Lima, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Museo de Historia Natural">MUSM</collectionCode>
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3115, 4, 38.5-81.9 mm SL,
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<normalizedToken id="6D3003BA7472159217974ED5E2B6FBA6" originalValue="Perú">
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<collectingCountry id="FA3A960DAE208FDD4B7D907E6F2F84C9">Peru</collectingCountry>
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</normalizedToken>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="F9125284B7D7407B87073A76BF17475E">Cusco</collectingRegion>
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, Alto Urubamba basin, Paucartambo river, Quebrada Morro Leguia, km 135,
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<date id="6BC434A0F6E5E460475631271313D8F5" day="30" month="08" value="1989-08-30" year="1989">30 August 1989</date>
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, coll. H. Ortega.
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<collectionCode id="CB13000BF57540C2810ED67102EBAD44" collectionName="Argentina, Tucuman, Universidad Nacional de Tucuman, Fundacion e Instituto Miguel Lillo">FML</collectionCode>
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2602, 1, 79.5 mm SL, same data as
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<typeStatus id="6CF934B192F1F60E5253A0C9E1CE7A58">holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2F7375869CFCE2E0A5251821DA748777" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="2F48084DAAE601C2CE72166D9FE13396" pageNumber="50">
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Diagnosis.
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<taxonomicName id="6C32ED4A3A6C632C1741C250A2C98686" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">Trichomycterus megantoni</taxonomicName>
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is readily distinguished from all other members of the subfamily Trichomycterinae from southern South America by having autapomorphic interopercle thickened integument (Fig. 2) and the presence of foramen frontal-supraoccipital reduced (Fig. 3). It is further distinguished from other congeners, with the exception of
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<taxonomicName id="FFE14415A4F659AEE0DBFC0EC9EE994E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3B2B3D8D-D0E6-45F4-B04F-562B79316803" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys Fernández & Vari 2004:876" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudosilvinichthys">
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T. pseudosilvinichthys (
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<normalizedToken id="F2B04B9EAADAA26FDFD247E848B9476C" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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& Vari)
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="7200FB12482CE15BDA26FCDB6E6F847F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEE28E95-54DD-46F8-8A1F-3B8DE30A0ECE" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus yuska Fernández & Schaefer 2003:355" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuska">
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T. yuska (
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<normalizedToken id="8557E7B9A1A5C5856AB5EADCFC05ACA0" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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& Schaefer)
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</taxonomicName>
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, by the unique combination of the following features: tip of the pelvic fin when depressed not reaching the anus, premaxillae rectangle, first dorsal fin pterygiophore insertion at or posterior to vertebra 19 to 21, 17 or 19 pairs of ribs on each side, and 37 to 40 vertebrae.
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<taxonomicName id="9F689CCB36984ABEC7023D81CD81E475" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="A7DCCA30C509CD5FC452A01FE3F4DDF7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEE28E95-54DD-46F8-8A1F-3B8DE30A0ECE" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus yuska Fernández & Schaefer 2003:355" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuska">T. yuska</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="5AF7EF3D8CC5E5479915E8621D0396E4" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3B2B3D8D-D0E6-45F4-B04F-562B79316803" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys Fernández & Vari 2004:876" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudosilvinichthys">T. pseudosilvinichthys</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of a supraorbital canal with pore 3, and an outer tooth row with conic teeth (versus absence pore 3 and distally narrowing incisiform teeth
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<normalizedToken id="1C166660DE9F3D0D17B2CC4F250CE5F2" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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& Schaefer, 2003;
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<normalizedToken id="97F8F6C224B6DA695F9468C470D3EBAC" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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& Vari, 2004). In addition, the new species is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="D3DF50DAD0D38CCB419D9D614BD0BC06" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEE28E95-54DD-46F8-8A1F-3B8DE30A0ECE" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus yuska Fernández & Schaefer 2003:355" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuska">T. yuska</taxonomicName>
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by head muscles that are not hypertrophied and 17 pairs of ribs on each side (versus head and cheek musculature hypertrophied and 18 or 19 ribs
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<normalizedToken id="86851AFADDDD772AD4DF82F34806D5A8" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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& Schaefer, 2003); from
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<taxonomicName id="D7E672CBD15DEA08F8B281469C753BE7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3B2B3D8D-D0E6-45F4-B04F-562B79316803" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys Fernández & Vari 2004:876" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudosilvinichthys">T. pseudosilvinichthys</taxonomicName>
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by the first pectoral fin ray prolonged as thin short filament (versus first pectoral fin ray terminating at the margin of the fin
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<normalizedToken id="E4DB08BB6A1802A6C119C9733F204877" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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& Vari, 2004).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A38D3A6668BEC4700A80399CC7A089D0" type="description">
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<paragraph id="05B9D0F11FABA19CB1C5EF2367534344" pageNumber="51">
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Description. Morphometric data for
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<typeStatus id="45FFAD422B9A991513B910995C9CF4BF">holotype</typeStatus>
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and
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<typeStatus id="E9F125BA11C5B07FB1090A2C7A4E347F">paratypes</typeStatus>
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given in Table 1. Elongated body, cylindrical; slightly compressed transversely in trunk region, becoming progressively more compressed towards the caudal fin. Dorsal and ventral profiles of trunk straight. Caudal peduncle profile straight. Greatest body depth at mid-trunk region, depth uniform posterior towards caudal fin. Caudal peduncle smoothly continuous with dorsal and ventral profiles of trunk. Papillae-like structures present on body. Anus located closer to anal-fin origin than to pelvic-fin insertion.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="75C54851B6BBA7F92DA10C51841C63CF" pageNumber="51">Head rectangular in dorsal view. Eyes located on dorsal surface, ovoid. Skin covering the eyes thin and transparent, separated from the surface of the eyeball; orbital rim not free. Anterior naris slightly smaller than posterior naris, surrounded medially by fleshy flap of integument and laterally by barbels. Posterior naris partially surrounded anteriorly by flap of thin skin.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0BB5C4925037C6F9865B766DC2B60894" pageNumber="51">Infraorbital canal discontinuous in two segments, bearing infraorbital pores 1 and 3, separated from posterior segment behind eye and bearing infraorbital pores 10 and 11. Supraorbital canal discontinuous with four pores: 1, 2, 3 and 6. Epiphyseal branch of supraorbital canal discontinuous, pair of median pores (6) posterior to eyes. Mandibulo-preopercular canal represented by reduced preopercular canal bearing a single skin surface pore. Reduced laterosensory canal of trunk, with one ossified tube; comprising three pores anteriorly (1, 2, and 3), canal terminus at vertical through the middle of pectoral fin base. Frontolachrymal tendon bone compact, cylindrical, without lateral expansion. Lachrymal-antorbital small, tube-like ossicle, less than onehalf maxilla length.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="16E31A0A7BD1E3E8E8D591518D9AE011" pageNumber="51">Mouth subterminal, rictus directed posteriorly. Cranium dorsally with reduced fontanel between frontals and supraoccipital (Fig. 3). Mesethmoid T-shaped, elongated; anterior margin straight; shaft slightly smaller than lateral cornua, its posterior process extending between lateral ethmoids, vomer, and anterior portions of frontals. Lateral ethmoid without lateral expansion. Premaxilla rectangular larger than maxilla. Premaxilla with four complete rows of teeth; outer row with 12 to 15 conic teeth. Maxilla enlarged, L-shaped, smaller than premaxilla. Maxilla with pair of condyles projecting between premaxilla and anterior border of palatine; its posterior process broad, short. Lower lip with prominent fleshy lobes along lateral margin, lobes situated mesial to rictal barbel base (Fig. 2). Lips and barbels covered by papillae. Palatine quadrangular, broad anteriorly with short posterior process dorsally placed to broad metapterygoid. Medially, palatine articulates with both vomer and lateral ethmoid.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D99B8D83A4B6B16051E93D6B657E030A" pageNumber="52">Elongated barbels, tips uniramous, without distal branching. Maxillary barbels tips extending posteriorly to interopercular odontodes, but not reaching the pectoral-fin anterior margin. Nasal barbels slender, reaching posteriorly to distinctly beyond posterior border of eye. Submaxillary barbels shorter than maxillary barbels. Branchiostegal rays six or seven. Interopercle thickened integument ventrally on head (Fig. 2). Interopercular patch of odontodes anteroposteriorly elongated, with 32 to 36 odontodes. Opercular patch of odontodes small, rounded, with 11 to 15 odontodes. Dorsal-posterior process of operculum elongated.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="937E315667B57EE20F1C9D3288631825" lastPageNumber="53" pageNumber="52">Pectoral fin i,7-8; posterior fin margin rounded, first ray prolonged, extending beyond the fin margin as a long filament. Pectoral girdle composed of large, triangular cleithrum-coracoid and one or two triangular, ossified proximal radial. Dorsal fin vi-v,7 in cleared and stained; externally visible rays 6 branched and 1 unbranched, with remaining fin rays hidden under thick integument that overlies anterobasal portion of fin; posterior fin margin rounded, semicircular when fin erected; midway base fin to vertical through anus; rays supported internally by eight pterygiophores. All pterygiophores are of similar length, except the last one slightly shorter, square-shaped distally. Anal fin vi,5 in cleared and stained; externally visible rays 5 branched and 1 unbranched, with remaining fin rays hidden under thick integument that overlies anterobasal portion of fin; distal margin slightly rounded; fin origin posterior to vertical through three last dorsal fin rays; rays supported internally by six pterygiophores. All pterygiophores of similar length, last square-shaped distally. Pelvic fin rays i,4 plus one splint; second and third rays longest. Pelvic basipterygium bears two anterolateral and one medial processes anteriorly, plus short posterior medial process; anterior processes narrow from base to distal tip. Pelvic radials absent. Tip of adpressed pelvic fin not reaching to anus. Caudal fin with 12 or 13 principal rays (in two cleared and stained: 3+3+7, 3 rays on hypural 3, 3 rays on hypurals 4+5, and 7 on hypurals 1+2+parahypural; 2+4+7); dorsal procurrent rays 15-16, ventral procurrent rays 15-16; fin margin rounded. Caudal skeleton with neural spine of preural centrum 1 reduced, epural absent or present; hypural 3 no fused to hypurals 4 and 5; hypurals 1 and 2 fused to parhypural. Total vertebrae 37 (9 precaudal, 28 caudal vertebrae), 40 (9 precaudal, 31 caudal vertebrae). Single haemal spine present on central posterior to vertebrae 17 or 18. First dorsal-fin pterygiophore inserts posterior to vertebrae 19 or 21; first anal fin pterygiophore inserts posterior to vertebrae 23 or 24; no overlap between last dorsal and first anal pterygiophore. Sixteen or seventeen vertebrae each between last dorsal and fourteen or fifteen last anal pterygiophore and preural centrum 1, respectively. Seventeen paired ribs; first pair compact, strong; remainder slender, longer caudally.</paragraph>
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|
<paragraph id="37C40481FE7775B511A66714BC3AD738" pageNumber="54">
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|
Coloration in alcohol:
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|
<taxonomicName id="6C4738A72CCCF7ED50CCC8D64A1A414E" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
exhibits a pattern of distinct, albeit faint, marmoration formed by patches of small dark chromatophores (Fig. 1). Darkly pigmented on the dorsal surfaces of the head and trunk and all but ventral most portion of the caudal peduncle. The ventral surfaces of head and trunk range from lightly pigmented to hyaline (Fig. 2). All barbels are pigmented at least to some degree and opercular and interopercular odontodes and oral dentition unpigmented. Dorsal, anal, and pectoral fins show irregular dark pigmentation present on rays and membranes. Caudal fin with membranes irregularly darker than those of other unpaired fins. Pelvic fin ranging from lightly pigmented to hyaline.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="AE6F440E5D1216A9B88F2165770D2262" type="biology_ecology">
|
|
<paragraph id="BAE3A488D8A4548461B0161F0770B1C8" pageNumber="54">
|
|
Ecology.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="951E7859496A293F1004C88C99E7664E" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">Trichomycterus megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
was collected in mountain rivers and streams that were generally 0.5- 12 m wide and 0.3-1.5 m deep, with clear waters running over sandy, and rock-pebble substrates, at elevations of approximately 1,360-2,200 m. The water temperature ranged between 12-16 °C, and the speeds of the current were moderate during the dry season. The environmental characteristics were similar to those observed for other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CBC75208F170FB9934213191E6E25313" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trichomycterus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species in streams of Chile (Arratia, 1983a) and in streams of northwestern Argentina(Fernandez & Vari, 2002).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="D6EEEC2A459F865CED5CE71131BEA20B" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="AD10A221D87EDDA2C91DD1027870013E" pageNumber="54">
|
|
Distribution.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EBF3D2CAC20E894A3C8492FE2ECB17BA" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">Trichomycterus megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
has been collected at several localities from southeastern
|
|
<normalizedToken id="325C9224F1B769A31565AF3E92585732" originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
|
|
at the Santuario Nacional Machiguenga Megantoni: Quebrada Earoto, elevation 2,100 m, Quebrada Matzonzori, elevation 2,200 m, Quebrada Patiti, elevation 2,200 m, and Quebrada Morro Leguia, km 135, in Paucartambo, Cusco. The region is characterized by torrential hydrological conditions associated with abundant summer rains between January and March and by a dry season between May and November.
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|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="878E4EEC174A5B495F97A80FE3C1BF5B" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="EDA851251015CF3A7B94A4B812D267F7" pageNumber="54">Etymology. The specific name, megantoni, is in reference to Santuario Nacional Machiguenga Megantoni, where the type locality is situated.</paragraph>
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|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="7BCD369C0511CC1663755ED6AA0BE696" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph id="9D27D25FA71D0DA45B3A5D2C06C8E506" pageNumber="54">
|
|
Discussion. Two probable autapomorphies were identified for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="51BD1423364E37748966C0E62AFF7D81" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
. None of these can be definitely ascertained as unique within Trichomycterinae at this time, because some species are too rare to have their internal anatomy examined. The most peculiar features of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8E1BDCA4415A4FCC34F62A50B58F3189" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
are the interopercle thickened integument (Fig. 2) and frontal-supraoccipital foramen reduced (Fig. 3).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="16CDE3F54A0DF7B6A5A77A01CE209073" pageNumber="54">
|
|
The interopercle thickened integument ventrally on head, like an interopercular lobe of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="74B216C4BBD81552E391737B11A3E2AF" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 2) is unique among trichomycterines and possibly among trichomycterids. The condition differs from other species (
|
|
<normalizedToken id="DF210F99E175E54CD312863DCC546EC3" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1999: Fig. 49C, 133B), where the interopercle lobe is absent and from basal trichomycterids such as the Copionodontinae (de Pinna, 1992: Fig. 2B) and Trichogeninae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="38DF90FAC69AA8976A16424E0E612CF0" pageNumber="54">
|
|
The most conspicuous feature in the skull of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7CF0259432C6634AFBAB3D32681BFE9A" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig. 3) is the reduction of the frontal-supraoccipital foramen (=parietosupraoccipital Arratia, 1998). The plesiomorphic condition for the trichomycterids and catfishes in general is to have open cranial fontanels (de Pinna & Bristki, 1991). The cranial foramen of basal trichomycterids and other catfishes primitively extends though frontal and supraoccipital (Baskin, 1973; de Pinna & Britski, 1991; de Pinna, 1989a: Fig. 24B, 1993, 1998; Arratia & Menu-Marque, 1984: Fig. 3A, 12A-B;
|
|
<normalizedToken id="38334B4F2A1B61C4D6EE6C615ABFBE58" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 1999: Fig. 136A-C; Bockmann & Sazima, 2004: Fig. 5). The only other member of the Trichomycteridae with similar reductions of the foramen in the skull is
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ECDBCE54A15278F2B6453A21CAD0BDBC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FDAB162D-116C-4E81-B78B-D677333D2F85" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Ituglanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ituglanis Costa & Bockmann 1993:44" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ituglanis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Costa & Bockmann, 1993: Fig. 3A, 1994; de Pinna, 1998; Bichuette & Trajano, 2004: Fig. 2, 5, 8). However,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7CB6390C51C136D8BBF8D9E8010985D1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FDAB162D-116C-4E81-B78B-D677333D2F85" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Ituglanis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Ituglanis Costa & Bockmann 1993:44" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Ituglanis</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a cranial foramen reduced to a small round orifice. Elsewhere in trichomycterids, an extreme condition like foramen absent is found in Stegophilinae (Baskin, 1973: Fig. 18, 26) and Glanapteryginae (de Pinna, 1989b: Fig. 5). The closed fontanels of stegophilines are certainly derived within the family, even though they are not exclusive to them (de Pinna & Britski, 1991). Such case of frontal-supraoccipital foramen reduced, however, must be interpreted as homoplastic according to the current understanding of the trichomycterid phylogeny.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F74A7E16DA737841F914A11F06DFEF4C" lastPageNumber="55" pageNumber="54">
|
|
In
|
|
<taxonomicName id="68C541229B5A18AFBBA669656B98E76F" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
, the first dorsal fin pterygiophore inserts posteriorly to the 19-21 vertebrae. A similar position 21 or more is present in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="86C463D4F78AB175214B4140BEFC76A0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEE28E95-54DD-46F8-8A1F-3B8DE30A0ECE" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus yuska Fernández & Schaefer 2003:355" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuska">T. yuska</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="57E9BB8EEB969D0DAB12F0494E8FDDB7" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3B2B3D8D-D0E6-45F4-B04F-562B79316803" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys Fernández & Vari 2004:876" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudosilvinichthys">T. pseudosilvinichthys</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3349153024F4B39BCFB513C0F265DF00" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B050C10-26A4-4BF4-8432-82297E85E976" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus catamarcensis Fernández & Vari 2000:990" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catamarcensis">T. catamarcensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B4B0EBCD078175A8C91FD8A3F69087EC" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFF635B2-119C-47AE-96C4-FE43DBEE4DF8" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846:492" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolatus">T. areolatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="82AF77574E0B9A141A50982D6E14107A" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiltoni">T. chiltoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="038BF83C32FE34328A8BDBCC7C7CA555" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A21A8B03-BCC4-4B9D-8867-27FE356FD5DB" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus vittatus Regan 1903:623" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">T. vittatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, plus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5DF664F44E18E72592E48D9062FD31A4" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chapmani">T. chapmani</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="62A3DE8B943EDB637B115A0A5E2A7D8D" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="romeroi">T. romeroi</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Colombia and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3BA8911426546B7CA2A1889BA147366C" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gabrieli">T. gabrieli</taxonomicName>
|
|
from Brazil (
|
|
<normalizedToken id="FEB8E51EDC3CBD03B37BCF42FC22B5C5" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
|
& Schaefer, 2003). This shape is quite distinct from the position 9 or 10 in basal trichomycterids, such as Copionodontinae (11 or 12; de Pinna, 1992) and the nematogenids, sister group to Trichomycteridae. In most trichomycterids, the first dorsal fin pterygiophore is associated with vertebra 15 (de Pinna, 1992). Other members of the subfamily have a derived condition of the position (19 or more), indicating that the occurrences in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F302711B8DBBABDBAB6E6CFF8899BDE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ECB425E2-93CB-442F-A98F-F534D03786D9" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Hatcheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hatcheria Eigenmann 1909:250" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hatcheria</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FCF70981B43824F464C3E49B7C559317" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A676D0ED-F931-44EF-B95E-3251C0ECB9DC" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Silvinichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silvinichthys Arratia 1998:356" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Silvinichthys</taxonomicName>
|
|
are homoplastic.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8D34A77D88AEAD0AD9ED9EA63CFFD0F1" pageNumber="55">
|
|
The high number of vertebrae observed in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59D6EBC87030513BF82A9F2E91D729C9" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
(37-40) is shared by
|
|
<taxonomicName id="14F1820DFEA66D8FE7446CBF71C5CC4C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEE28E95-54DD-46F8-8A1F-3B8DE30A0ECE" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus yuska Fernández & Schaefer 2003:355" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuska">T. yuska</taxonomicName>
|
|
(38-39),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3CEFB7018658370C44512BACA99EF998" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3B2B3D8D-D0E6-45F4-B04F-562B79316803" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys Fernández & Vari 2004:876" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudosilvinichthys">T. pseudosilvinichthys</taxonomicName>
|
|
(37-40),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0E92EC80B372960B6185DE0798154F17" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B050C10-26A4-4BF4-8432-82297E85E976" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus catamarcensis Fernández & Vari 2000:990" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catamarcensis">T. catamarcensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(37-39),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="41D586994B9794D35754C708FC367708" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:351DB27F-31F4-400C-BE37-D028A3F044F5" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus ramosus Fernández 2000:350" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramosus">T. ramosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(38-39),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EE8D768D3E8FD759E3E6B6E5A37E54C1" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A21A8B03-BCC4-4B9D-8867-27FE356FD5DB" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus vittatus Regan 1903:623" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">T. vittatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(41),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="35F5C8C87500D13D55E54424047E01A5" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiltoni">T. chiltoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
(42), and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8DFADAC70A44AEFAFF9B375F131C2FC9" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFF635B2-119C-47AE-96C4-FE43DBEE4DF8" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846:492" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolatus">T. areolatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
(37-39) (
|
|
<normalizedToken id="CB6B1DFADE4B2745EF64AE79DB60C753" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
|
& Schaefer, 2003). Basal trichomycterids, such as
|
|
<taxonomicName id="47F08C8FAC99A9A4EA76BC4AAFD7D389" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E64A03A5-9CCB-49DB-A5EB-49267DC04F0F" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Copionodon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Copionodon de Pinna 1992:181" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Copionodon</taxonomicName>
|
|
, have vertebrae 35 to 37 (de Pinna, 1992), and most
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C0DF353C15519F39E6FB89C0F88E1497" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trichomycterus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species show 37 or less total vertebrae. However
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CBDD82F64556B2C382803D6FEF9ACB03" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:351DB27F-31F4-400C-BE37-D028A3F044F5" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus ramosus Fernández 2000:350" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ramosus">T. ramosus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FE5B25A12A8454CA31B72E9ED83A91E0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BFF635B2-119C-47AE-96C4-FE43DBEE4DF8" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus areolatus Valenciennes 1846:492" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="areolatus">T. areolatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="24E0C0AE60F7F10B269028BA7D8B5CA7" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chiltoni">T. chiltoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="272AC4B1466A8A1029A1C44D05CFEDD2" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A21A8B03-BCC4-4B9D-8867-27FE356FD5DB" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus vittatus Regan 1903:623" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">T. vittatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and most
|
|
<taxonomicName id="762418EDE0A9AFFEE3E91A5E67495B1E" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trichomycterus</taxonomicName>
|
|
have 6 to 7 precaudal vertebrae, while
|
|
<taxonomicName id="20AF79CF8416079955DB57480BAE748E" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="EC3BB15E6745D67878D0F2056F262316" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEE28E95-54DD-46F8-8A1F-3B8DE30A0ECE" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus yuska Fernández & Schaefer 2003:355" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuska">T. yuska</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0E3E0EA590A5497147B78CEFC7E61400" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3B2B3D8D-D0E6-45F4-B04F-562B79316803" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys Fernández & Vari 2004:876" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudosilvinichthys">T. pseudosilvinichthys</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6374C107CB486A36AC2AC4F4035D4607" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B050C10-26A4-4BF4-8432-82297E85E976" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus catamarcensis Fernández & Vari 2000:990" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catamarcensis">T. catamarcensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
have 8 to 11.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="41FAFC8E8FB4F92A0CD1743AA5EE4D23" pageNumber="55">
|
|
Based on this small sampling of derived character states, it appears that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="433A0C310DCFA0647A142D3C5A4D6205" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
is more closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A2ABB701C4DC34EAB62BF35B3D5F9251" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BEE28E95-54DD-46F8-8A1F-3B8DE30A0ECE" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus yuska Fernández & Schaefer 2003:355" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yuska">T. yuska</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0E6A9D59568EFB23957B75DE33B9A683" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3B2B3D8D-D0E6-45F4-B04F-562B79316803" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus pseudosilvinichthys Fernández & Vari 2004:876" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pseudosilvinichthys">T. pseudosilvinichthys</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="069B72F8822D23737447526CD5AF928B" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0B050C10-26A4-4BF4-8432-82297E85E976" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus catamarcensis Fernández & Vari 2000:990" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="catamarcensis">T. catamarcensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and the genera
|
|
<taxonomicName id="28AE3B1274CEF416BEBB23F6BEF9861F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A676D0ED-F931-44EF-B95E-3251C0ECB9DC" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Silvinichthys" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Silvinichthys Arratia 1998:356" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Silvinichthys</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="036CEB5BDBA5552BC84063184EEAF1BF" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:ECB425E2-93CB-442F-A98F-F534D03786D9" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Hatcheria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Hatcheria Eigenmann 1909:250" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Hatcheria</taxonomicName>
|
|
than to other
|
|
<taxonomicName id="50DA1AF66563B3EC6F335CEA263B156D" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trichomycterus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species and Trichomycterinae. As discussed by de Pinna (1989), such proposals of a close relationship between subsets of taxa now included in the patently non-monophyletic genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B2F6A26C9FAD722949E2C547EF6BEE1A" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trichomycterus</taxonomicName>
|
|
to other, non-trichomycterine taxa such as those mentioned above, should not necessarily be viewed as unreasonable. On the contrary, they are an expected consequence of an objective taxonomic fragmentation of the Trichomycterinae that will likely follow upon future resolution of phylogenetic relationships within the Trichomycteridae.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="504251895DA856E859E5A98C3EB796C2" pageNumber="55">
|
|
Comparisons. At present, sixteen
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ED2220311492B53F82C8C8C4969B7249" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Trichomycterus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species are distributed in the Andean drainages of
|
|
<normalizedToken id="5F157F2ADB793E6A410B964BDDF1B2FB" originalValue="Perú">Peru</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Bolivia, and northern Chile:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="76BDADDAFAFEB4025E736BE9D4A314CB" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">T. dispar (Tschudi)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BDB939F73A2FEF7EA0B4B05953EBDF47" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:013BD6BE-61FE-426C-914F-6CA35207E4BA" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus punctulatus Valenciennes 1846:488" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctulatus">T. punctulatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A55A0E2F5574F3D5AF67F74C672D8436" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4C285291-1D1E-4934-A64F-45C756A8BAB0" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus taczanowskii Steindachner 1882:177" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taczanowskii">T. taczanowskii (Steindachner)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0323B4BD4C94FE61AE5D5FD88A636FF5" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oroyae">T. oroyae (Eigenmann & Eigenmann)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F827B2F974C8CBF24940B6639B1BE081" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quechuourus">T. quechuourus (Steindachner)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A03122DB7BE4870F2D8B1EFE490DD83A" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atochae">T. atochae (Allen)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="25C9EF6CC99914762FD24D3313418153" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weyrauchi">T. weyrauchi (Fowler)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="18065932EBC2B2C899648E491ECC96FE" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9E6E9509-E711-4316-A4A4-094580468573" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus chaberti Durand 1968:344" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chaberti">T. chaberti (Durand)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1F37A78FFACE226B5B3E2AF9741FA947" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FA749CE1-C7E1-4F93-BFBD-1505A470508A" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus duellmani Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984:510" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">T. duellmani (Arratia & Menu-Marque)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6D612C0D2335CAA0234DE59E6FEB50A3" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiraquae">T. tiraquae (Fowler)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="878FFCA9C10C90CF910F99D0749BA637" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F98023F9-1C43-481C-80CB-AAE788A523B6" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846:495" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulatus">T. rivulatus (Cuvier & Valenciennes)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="44F90A09BAA05704067E427A295B95D0" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2BC28DDA-F3E2-41A2-A585-3AAABCBDA469" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus laucaensis Arratia 1983:74" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laucaensis">T. laucaensis (Arratia)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="20F876AA073256A1D254EB61D3BDDE8C" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri">T. barbouri (Eigenmann)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3CD754018EBDCC46B0A0531D98E9D73D" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fassli">T. fassli (Steindachner)</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="AE742A93CFD4A9EADEB6428AB3664B7E" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A21A8B03-BCC4-4B9D-8867-27FE356FD5DB" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus vittatus Regan 1903:623" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">T. vittatus (Regan)</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F8B0F1FAF89644283F68DEADEA77067A" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BCF8072-0B1B-4944-8E73-13586CB61BC0" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus chungaraensis Arratia 1983:67" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chungaraensis">T. chungaraensis (Arratia)</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The unique morphology of the interopercle thickened ventrally separates
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CABF5DE45FB32FC64C9A7A07D80BE069" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
from those sixteen species.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="633DA5078A83C464D32CAA65CA3D63BD" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megantoni">T. megantoni</taxonomicName>
|
|
is further distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="342727022D38F96FB631A81E4D705F0C" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F98023F9-1C43-481C-80CB-AAE788A523B6" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus rivulatus Valenciennes 1846:495" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rivulatus">T. rivulatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A499963AD21D923836813BC2ABFAF8A5" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2BC28DDA-F3E2-41A2-A585-3AAABCBDA469" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus laucaensis Arratia 1983:74" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laucaensis">T. laucaensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0D698AA414EDCE4A7B9ABF48F06318DD" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5BCF8072-0B1B-4944-8E73-13586CB61BC0" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus chungaraensis Arratia 1983:67" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chungaraensis">T. chungaraensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Arratia, 1983b),
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4D95A2899F3D12EE5AD6F7A43736400E" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="atochae">T. atochae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9385963A52F942E999F8CBDB5D701D4C" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="oroyae">T. oroyae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="381AE3BA4FF6B9662A0A1E8158757AD0" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quechuourus">T. quechuourus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C89EF75AC1991D1D178E4EB4C4A45510" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tiraquae">T. tiraquae</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="9C7BF64DA18E80A42D09258877773192" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FA749CE1-C7E1-4F93-BFBD-1505A470508A" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus duellmani Arratia & Menu-Marque 1984:510" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="duellmani">T. duellmani</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="93D09029DC9984FE84D834E3223F0A70" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="weyrauchi">T. weyrauchi</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having the first pectoral ray prolonged, extending beyond fin margin as long filament, tip of adpressed pelvic fin not reaching to anus (versus first pectoral ray not extending beyond fin margin, tip of adpressed pelvic fin reaching the anus; Eigenmann, 1918;
|
|
<normalizedToken id="DBD47C65867573558765ECD2526D6390" originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
|
|
, 2000a, 2001); from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D60D88C409CE82F112A4EC515C735E8F" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:013BD6BE-61FE-426C-914F-6CA35207E4BA" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus punctulatus Valenciennes 1846:488" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctulatus">T. punctulatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F625DB48145C05AC7EF5285FE37E264" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dispar">T. dispar</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F3F65DAAA6934AB6BD2D156DC61C2BB3" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="barbouri">T. barbouri</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ECDF446304B7DC550E53A3038B9C5AD3" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fassli">T. fassli</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="54B26B285A3FD3720C3751D5867AD490" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A21A8B03-BCC4-4B9D-8867-27FE356FD5DB" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus vittatus Regan 1903:623" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vittatus">T. vittatus</taxonomicName>
|
|
by head rectangular (versus triangular); from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4FD9D6FB58A0302F05B36611D1848A95" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4C285291-1D1E-4934-A64F-45C756A8BAB0" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus taczanowskii Steindachner 1882:177" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taczanowskii">T. taczanowskii</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="55CC75C02DA33CB8E825B00165EC8094" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9E6E9509-E711-4316-A4A4-094580468573" family="Trichomycteridae" genus="Trichomycterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-ZBK="Trichomycterus chaberti Durand 1968:344" order="Siluriformes" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chaberti">T. chaberti</taxonomicName>
|
|
by spotted body (versus unspotted Eigenmann, 1918).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |