269 lines
39 KiB
XML
269 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="09F8223FC72E084CF27603BE1F5C61F7" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.1033.1.1" ID-ISSN="11755334" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5050581" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1625108009590" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Gibson, Gary A. P." docDate="2005" docId="FA0579315127FFD0FE99FC207B347415" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01033p062.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1033 (1)" docSource="https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1033.1.1" docStyle="DocumentStyle:8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429.6:Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleId="8B0D3ECF822058C8413568C103B59429" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.monograph" docStyleVersion="6" docTitle="Balcha eximiassita Gibson 2005, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="31" masterDocId="063C0149513BFFCEFF91FFCC78557153" masterDocTitle="The world species of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), parasitoids of wood-boring beetles" masterLastPageNumber="62" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1698981037910" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="F3103E05CFE9994C8E0812AAE05B5639">
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<mods:title id="DE71B41629570C10729F4A76C5B14462">The world species of Balcha Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eupelmidae), parasitoids of wood-boring beetles</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="5CA9042F4EF4B6FA3298863461EA8613" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="33C15FF1094380FB273E85466473D912">Gibson, Gary A. P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="E1A5E7F9F0917654752D5F8C6D288DC0">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="4B5E0EB5EBC2CC911F34F442D2562D09">
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<mods:date id="57596F7A718616B2CAEBD77592E6274C">2005</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4D1DB7270AACC2A5ACF74BEC144F43EF">2005-08-11</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9CB850F1A79E14CDE1C707E43F727D74">1033</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="4FEDE14BFEA28C030EC28E24D424EA72">https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1033.1.1</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="3615E9F8C1212106740C38464D6D351F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="F661864286D838408EC0073757A88108" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.1033.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FA0579315127FFD0FE99FC207B347415" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA0579315127FFD0FE99FC207B347415" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FA0579315127FFD0FE99FC207B347415" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<subSubSection id="3AB69BAC5127FFD2FE99FC207B5D7555" box="[264,776,1004,1030]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7213C8275127FFD2FE99FC207B5D7555" blockId="28.[264,776,1004,1030]" box="[264,776,1004,1030]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<heading id="295B7F4B5127FFD2FE99FC207B5D7555" bold="true" box="[264,776,1004,1030]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FE99FC207B5D7555" bold="true" box="[264,776,1004,1030]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45127FFD2FE99FC2079BE7555" ID-CoL="KGJ2" authority="Gibson, 2005" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[264,491,1004,1030]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximiassita" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FE99FC2079BE7555" bold="true" box="[264,491,1004,1030]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Balcha eximiassita</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5BEBA94E5127FFD2FE65FC207A637555" box="[500,566,1004,1030]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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(
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<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25127FFD2FDD4FC207AF27555" box="[581,679,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–18" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1801,1822]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-71@55.[256,1331,281,1798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 9–18. Mesosoma dorsal: 9, Balcha laciniosa; 10, B. cylindrica; 11, B. elegans; 12, B. indica (N. Am.); 13, B. eximia; 14, B. eximiassita; 15, B. dictyota; 16, B. reticulata; 17, B. anemeta; 18, B. splendida (nob = notaular band, pnb = paranotaular band, ppb = parapsidal band)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050583/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
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,
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||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25127FFD2FD24FC207A817555" box="[693,724,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–38" captionStartId="57.[264,370,1814,1835]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,289,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-59@57.[262,1324,286,1801]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 31–38. Mesosoma dorsal: 31, Balcha anemeta; 32, B. punctiscutum; 33, B. indica (N. Am.); 34, B. indica (holotype); 35, B. elegans; 36, B. laciniosa (not = notaulus, pl = parapsidal line); 37, B. eximiassita; 38, B. reticulata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050587/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">37</figureCitation>
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||
,
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||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25127FFD2FD70FC207B557555" box="[737,768,1004,1030]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–54. 47" captionStartId="59.[264,370,1802,1823]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-73@59.[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 47–54. 47. Metanotum and propodeum: Balcha eximia. 48. B. indica (N. Am.): dorsellum and propodeal plical region. 49 and 50. Mesosoma, lateral: 49, B. punctiscutum; 50, B. indica (N. Am.). 51–54. Posterior half of acropleuron: 51, B. indica (holotype); 52, B. eximiassita; 53, B. anemeta; 54, B. levicollis (sar = subalar region of acropleuron)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050593/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">52</figureCitation>
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||
)
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3AB69BAC5127FFD2FE99FBFA7A52743A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="7213C8275127FFD2FE99FBFA7B5A75A2" blockId="28.[264,1323,1078,1868]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FE99FBFA79E87503" bold="true" box="[264,445,1078,1104]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Type material.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="C2C4C27A5127FFD2FE55FBFB7B5A75A2" collectingDate="1971-03-02" collectingDateMax="1971-03-04" collectingDateMin="1971-03-02" collectionCode="USNM" collectorName="P. & P. Spangler" country="Thailand" latitude="14.5" location="Kakhon Ratchasima" longLatPrecision="1288" longitude="101.916664" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Nakhon Ratchasima" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="AD1776855127FFD2FE55FBFB7A647502" box="[452,561,1079,1105]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="64AA03AE5127FFD2FDD3FBFA7A037519" box="[578,598,1078,1098]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="14BD50E25127FFD2FDF5FBFB7AEA7502" box="[612,703,1079,1105]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="Museum">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
): “
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||
<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FD4FFBFA7B297503" bold="true" box="[734,892,1078,1104]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<collectingCountry id="0ABB88B75127FFD2FD4FFBFA7B297503" box="[734,892,1078,1104]" name="Thailand" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">THAILAND</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
, Nkn. Ratcha. [
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||
<collectingRegion id="B06806C55127FFD2FBA0FBFB7D717502" box="[1073,1316,1079,1105]" country="Thailand" name="Nakhon Ratchasima" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Nakhon Ratchasima</collectingRegion>
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||
] Prov.,
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||
<location id="77739EFC5127FFD2FEC5FB937A11752A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA0579315127FFD0FE99FC207B347415:77739EFC5127FFD2FEC5FB937A11752A" box="[340,580,1119,1145]" country="Thailand" latitude="14.5" longLatPrecision="1288" longitude="101.916664" name="Kakhon Ratchasima" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" stateProvince="Nakhon Ratchasima">Kakhon Ratchasima</location>
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||
,
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||
<quantity id="B55465C25127FFD2FDC1FB937ACB752A" box="[592,670,1119,1145]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="km" value="60.0">60 km</quantity>
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||
. S.,
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||
<date id="0612EEE75127FFD2FD40FB937B35752A" box="[721,864,1119,1145]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1971-03-02" valueMax="1971-03-04" valueMin="1971-03-02">
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<collectingDate id="1656170F5127FFD2FD40FB937B35752A" box="[721,864,1119,1145]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1971-03-02" valueMax="1971-03-04" valueMin="1971-03-02">24.III.1971</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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||
,
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||
<collectorName id="DF59ADF15127FFD2FCFCFB937C79752A" box="[877,1068,1119,1145]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">P. & P. Spangler</collectorName>
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||
/ Sakaerat Expt. Sta.,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1798AEE05127FFD2FE99FB4B793D75F2" box="[264,360,1159,1185]" degrees="14" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="14.5">14°30'N</geoCoordinate>
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||
<geoCoordinate id="1798AEE05127FFD2FEE3FB4B79B575F2" box="[370,480,1159,1185]" degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" precision="925" value="101.916664">101°55'E</geoCoordinate>
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||
, 300600 meters /
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||
<collectingMethod id="ABEDB0305127FFD2FD55FB4B7BA075F2" box="[708,1013,1159,1185]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">collected in Malaise Trap</collectingMethod>
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||
/ CNCI JDRSEM 2004 060 /
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||
<typeStatus id="AD1776855127FFD2FEC5FB637994759A" box="[340,449,1199,1225]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45127FFD2FE5FFB637B4C759A" authority="Gibson" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[462,793,1199,1225]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximiassita">
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||
<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FE5FFB637AE4759B" box="[462,689,1199,1224]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Balcha eximiassita</emphasis>
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||
Gibson
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
”; pinned through posterior of mesoscutum, entire but right hind wing glued to top label.
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="7213C8275127FFD2FEA9FB337A52743A" blockId="28.[264,1323,1078,1868]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<materialsCitation id="C2C4C27A5127FFD2FEA9FB337D72744A" box="[312,1319,1278,1305]" collectionCode="MNHN" collectorName="J. de Gaulle" country="India" location="Mahe" municipality="Malabar" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<typeStatus id="AD1776855127FFD2FEA9FB3379FB744A" box="[312,430,1279,1305]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
: ORIENTAL.
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||
<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FDF3FB327AED744B" bold="true" box="[610,696,1278,1304]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
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||
<collectingCountry id="0ABB88B75127FFD2FDF3FB327AED744B" box="[610,696,1278,1304]" name="India" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">INDIA</collectingCountry>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<location id="77739EFC5127FFD2FD5CFB337B46744A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA0579315127FFD0FE99FC207B347415:77739EFC5127FFD2FD5CFB337B46744A" box="[717,787,1279,1305]" country="India" municipality="Malabar" name="Mahe" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Mahé</location>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="9277525D5127FFD2FCB2FB337BD3744A" box="[803,902,1279,1305]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Malabar</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, 1919,
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||
<collectorName id="DF59ADF15127FFD2FC77FB337C2E744A" box="[998,1147,1279,1305]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">J. de Gaulle</collectorName>
|
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(
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||
<specimenCount id="64AA03AE5127FFD2FB02FB337CE17441" box="[1171,1204,1278,1305]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
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<collectionCode id="14BD50E25127FFD2FB51FB337D4A744A" box="[1216,1311,1279,1305]" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34988" name="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">MNHN</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C2C4C27A5127FFD2FE99FAEA7C167412" box="[264,1091,1318,1345]" collectingDate="1937-03" collectionCode="IZCAS" collectorName="A. de Cooman" country="Vietnam" location="Tonkin" municipality="Hoa-Binh" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="3" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FE99FAEA79C07413" bold="true" box="[264,405,1318,1344]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABB88B75127FFD2FE99FAEA79C07413" box="[264,405,1318,1344]" name="Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">VIETNAM</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="77739EFC5127FFD2FE37FAEB79A97412" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FA0579315127FFD0FE99FC207B347415:77739EFC5127FFD2FE37FAEB79A97412" box="[422,508,1319,1345]" country="Vietnam" municipality="Hoa-Binh" name="Tonkin" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Tonkin</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9277525D5127FFD2FD99FAEB7A2B7412" box="[520,638,1319,1345]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">HoaBinh</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="0612EEE75127FFD2FD1AFAEB7AB87412" box="[651,749,1319,1345]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1937-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1656170F5127FFD2FD1AFAEB7AB87412" box="[651,749,1319,1345]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1937-03">III.1937</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="DF59ADF15127FFD2FD6BFAEB7BF07412" box="[762,933,1319,1345]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. de Cooman</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="64AA03AE5127FFD2FC26FAEB7B8F7469" box="[951,986,1318,1345]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectionCode id="14BD50E25127FFD2FC73FAEB7C6E7412" box="[994,1083,1319,1345]" country="China" name="Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">IZCAS</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="C2C4C27A5127FFD2FBDEFAEB7A56743A" collectingDate="1918-08" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="R. V. de Salvaza" country="Vietnam" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<date id="0612EEE75127FFD2FBDEFAEB7C937412" box="[1103,1222,1319,1345]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1918-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="1656170F5127FFD2FBDEFAEB7C937412" box="[1103,1222,1319,1345]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" value="1918-08">VIII.1918</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="DF59ADF15127FFD2FB42FAEB7936743A" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">R.V. de Salvaza</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="64AA03AE5127FFD2FEE7FA8379C27431" box="[374,407,1358,1385]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<collectionCode id="14BD50E25127FFD2FE0CFA8379AF743A" box="[413,506,1359,1385]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">BMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3AB69BAC5127FFD2FEA9FABA79A874B2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7213C8275127FFD2FEA9FABA79A874B2" blockId="28.[264,1323,1078,1868]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FEA9FABA799174C3" bold="true" box="[312,452,1398,1424]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Formed from the species name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45127FFD2FCD0FABB7BDA74C3" authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1927" box="[833,911,1399,1424]" class="Marchantiopsida" family="Cleveaceae" genus="Sauteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Marchantiales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="eximia">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FCD0FABB7BDA74C3" box="[833,911,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(exceptional or extraordinary) and the Latin word
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FE2BFA537A5C74EB" box="[442,521,1439,1464]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">assitus</emphasis>
|
||
(near), in reference to the morphological similarity of females of the two putative species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3AB69BAC5127FFD0FEA9FA227A597245" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="7213C8275127FFD3FEA9FA227A4B73CD" blockId="28.[264,1323,1078,1868]" lastBlockId="29.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="30" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355127FFD2FEA9FA227985775B" bold="true" box="[312,464,1518,1544]" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
FEMALE. Length,
|
||
<quantity id="B55465C25127FFD2FD47FA237B0A775A" box="[726,863,1519,1545]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" unit="mm" value="14.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="12.0">12–16 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Antenna dark except scape usually orange; scape widened apically but spindlelike and with outer surface uniformly setose; Fl
|
||
<subScript id="EE28CA625127FFD2FEB0F982797F770E" attach="left" box="[289,298,1614,1629]" fontSize="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">1</subScript>
|
||
quadrate to slightly transverse and about half as long as pedicel; Fl
|
||
<subScript id="EE28CA625127FFD2FBD3F9827C1E770E" attach="left" box="[1090,1099,1614,1629]" fontSize="7" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">2</subScript>
|
||
about 1.5–1.7 x as long as clava. Head with punctures and interstices not contrasting in color on face, the face mostly green or more bluishpurple ventrally under some angles of light, except interantennal region and usually lower parascrobal region narrowly purple or dark along scrobes, and upper parascrobal region often with slender region of brightcoppery luster along margin of scrobal channel; ocellar region and about anterior half of vertex posterior to ocelli dark or coppery, but green to blue along upper inner orbit from about level of posterior ocellus, and more extensively blue to purple on occiput and behind outer orbit. Face with setiferous punctures (
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355126FFD3FD10FE887ACB700E" box="[641,670,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">cf.</emphasis>
|
||
Fig. 20), the punctures more closely crowded on lower face but deep and distinct even near oral margin, more widely separated by flat, smooth or only very finely and inconspicuously coriaceous interstices on parascrobal region, except about dorsal quarter to third of region uniformly setose, flat and punctulatecoriaceous, the punctures much smaller, shallower, crowded and with distinct coriaceous subsculpture (
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355126FFD3FA9FFE287D7670AE" box="[1294,1315,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">cf</emphasis>
|
||
. Fig. 20). Scrobal depression with scrobes dark, smooth and shiny ventrally but distinctly punctatereticulate dorsally; channel smooth and shiny with green to blue or purple luster ventrally, but dorsally dark or with slight coppery luster and finely coriaceous and setose toward anterior ocellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7213C8275126FFD0FEA9FD607BCC70D5" blockId="29.[264,1324,284,1870]" lastBlockId="30.[264,1323,284,1350]" lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">
|
||
Pronotum dark anteriorly, but posteriorly and laterally blue to purple; only very finely coriaceousaciculate between setal pores. Tegula yellow. Mesoscutum laterally narrowly purple along margin and green between purple region and parapsidal band, dorsally with notaular and parapsidal bands extending to scutellum, the bands joined distinctly anterior to scutellum and with notaular band having concave sides abruptly widened in about posterior third or quarter to form parallel longitudinal margins anterior to scutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25126FFD3FE80FC50793272E5" box="[273,359,924,950]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–18" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1801,1822]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-71@55.[256,1331,281,1798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 9–18. Mesosoma dorsal: 9, Balcha laciniosa; 10, B. cylindrica; 11, B. elegans; 12, B. indica (N. Am.); 13, B. eximia; 14, B. eximiassita; 15, B. dictyota; 16, B. reticulata; 17, B. anemeta; 18, B. splendida (nob = notaular band, pnb = paranotaular band, ppb = parapsidal band)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050583/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), and with greenish paranotaular band obviously separated from scutellum. Mesoscutum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25126FFD3FE21FC087A51728D" box="[432,516,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–38" captionStartId="57.[264,370,1814,1835]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,289,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-59@57.[262,1324,286,1801]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 31–38. Mesosoma dorsal: 31, Balcha anemeta; 32, B. punctiscutum; 33, B. indica (N. Am.); 34, B. indica (holotype); 35, B. elegans; 36, B. laciniosa (not = notaulus, pl = parapsidal line); 37, B. eximiassita; 38, B. reticulata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050587/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
) punctatealveolate laterally, dorsally the punctures shallower so as to be more reticulate; without distinct depression anterior to level of inner angle of axilla; with white to brownish hairlike setae. Scutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25126FFD3FCE1FBD87B91757D" box="[880,964,1044,1070]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–18" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1801,1822]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-71@55.[256,1331,281,1798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 9–18. Mesosoma dorsal: 9, Balcha laciniosa; 10, B. cylindrica; 11, B. elegans; 12, B. indica (N. Am.); 13, B. eximia; 14, B. eximiassita; 15, B. dictyota; 16, B. reticulata; 17, B. anemeta; 18, B. splendida (nob = notaular band, pnb = paranotaular band, ppb = parapsidal band)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050583/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) usually with bright coppery mediolongitudinal band and progressively green to purple laterally, though sometimes medial band green with only limited coppery luster; sculpture sometimes aligned into variably distinct longitudinal setiferous furrows and slightly sinuous ridgelike interstices, or varying from punctatecoriaceous to extensively coriaceous with tiny setiferous pits, but with distinct, bare, mediolongitudinal coriaceous band slightly raised above height of other sculpture as low rounded ridge (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25126FFD3FD56FAC87B4B744D" box="[711,798,1284,1310]" captionStart="FIGURES 31–38" captionStartId="57.[264,370,1814,1835]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,289,1801]" captionTargetId="figure-59@57.[262,1324,286,1801]" captionTargetPageId="57" captionText="FIGURES 31–38. Mesosoma dorsal: 31, Balcha anemeta; 32, B. punctiscutum; 33, B. indica (N. Am.); 34, B. indica (holotype); 35, B. elegans; 36, B. laciniosa (not = notaulus, pl = parapsidal line); 37, B. eximiassita; 38, B. reticulata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050587/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 37</figureCitation>
|
||
). Metanotum green to purple under different angles of light; dorsellum thick, with crenulate dorsal surface and coriaceous, bare, posterior surface; precrenular region of panel with 1 or 2 rows of setae (
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355126FFD3FB0CFA987CE7743E" box="[1181,1202,1364,1389]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25126FFD3FB57FA987D48743D" box="[1222,1309,1364,1390]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–54. 47" captionStartId="59.[264,370,1802,1823]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-73@59.[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 47–54. 47. Metanotum and propodeum: Balcha eximia. 48. B. indica (N. Am.): dorsellum and propodeal plical region. 49 and 50. Mesosoma, lateral: 49, B. punctiscutum; 50, B. indica (N. Am.). 51–54. Posterior half of acropleuron: 51, B. indica (holotype); 52, B. eximiassita; 53, B. anemeta; 54, B. levicollis (sar = subalar region of acropleuron)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050593/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Acropleuron with slender, smooth and shiny subalar region separating punctatealveolate prealar region from very finely coriaceousaciculate or smooth and shiny postalar region; prealar region dark or with some greenish or violaceous to purple luster, subalar region dark or with copperygreenish luster, and postalar region blue to purple or green. Lower mesepimeron punctatereticulate. Metapleuron punctaterugulose over distinct coriaceous to coriaceousgranular subsculpture, except for crenulate furrow along posterior margin and anterior margin ventrally. Propodeum dorsally green to blue or purple under different angles of light except plical region dark and vertical surface of callus more uniformly purple; paraspiracular region setose; callus smooth between setal pores dorsolaterally, but adjacent to metapleuron roughened, punctulatecoriaceous, similar to sculpture of metapleuron (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25126FFD3FE3BF8C07A577675" box="[426,514,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–54. 47" captionStartId="59.[264,370,1802,1823]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-73@59.[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 47–54. 47. Metanotum and propodeum: Balcha eximia. 48. B. indica (N. Am.): dorsellum and propodeal plical region. 49 and 50. Mesosoma, lateral: 49, B. punctiscutum; 50, B. indica (N. Am.). 51–54. Posterior half of acropleuron: 51, B. indica (holotype); 52, B. eximiassita; 53, B. anemeta; 54, B. levicollis (sar = subalar region of acropleuron)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050593/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
); plical region bare, with carinate margin of foramen like recurved to anterior margin of propodeum as strong median carina similar in appearance to crenulae lateral to median carina. Forewing hyaline; vannal area with subcubital setal line extending over about apical half. Legs entirely yellowish beyond coxae except metatibia usually broadly lighter, more yellowish white, medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7213C8275125FFD0FEA9FE587B6073BD" blockId="30.[264,1323,284,1350]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
Petiole composed of anterior carina and lunate horizontal surface obviously longer medially than propodeum, the surface longitudinally crenulate but crenulae either distinctly weaker or more widely spaced than on propodeal plical region (
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FB0FFE287CE670AE" box="[1182,1203,484,509]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25125FFD0FB57FE287D4870AD" box="[1222,1309,484,510]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–54. 47" captionStartId="59.[264,370,1802,1823]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-73@59.[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 47–54. 47. Metanotum and propodeum: Balcha eximia. 48. B. indica (N. Am.): dorsellum and propodeal plical region. 49 and 50. Mesosoma, lateral: 49, B. punctiscutum; 50, B. indica (N. Am.). 51–54. Posterior half of acropleuron: 51, B. indica (holotype); 52, B. eximiassita; 53, B. anemeta; 54, B. levicollis (sar = subalar region of acropleuron)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050593/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gaster in dorsal view with penultimate tergum bright green to partly blue, contrasting distinctly in color with other dark brown terga, and in lateral view all terga except syntergum greenish dorsally to blue or purple ventrally; about twice as long as head and mesosoma combined. Syntergum about 0.75–0.85 x as long as remaining gaster and in lateral view about 8–9 x as long as high; uniformly setose, sculptured and tapered posteriorly, with cercus at or near basal margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7213C8275125FFD0FEA9FD307A597245" blockId="30.[264,1323,284,1350]" box="[312,524,764,790]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">MALE. Unknown</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3AB69BAC5125FFD0FEA9FCE87A4B726D" box="[312,542,804,830]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7213C8275125FFD0FEA9FCE87A4B726D" blockId="30.[264,1323,284,1350]" box="[312,542,804,830]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FEA9FCE879C9726D" bold="true" box="[312,412,804,830]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3AB69BAC5125FFD0FEA9FC807B347415" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="7213C8275125FFD0FEA9FC807B347415" blockId="30.[264,1323,284,1350]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FEA9FC8079967235" bold="true" box="[312,451,844,870]" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Discussion.</emphasis>
|
||
Females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45125FFD0FDE7FC807B4E7236" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[630,795,844,869]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximiassita">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FDE7FC807B4E7236" box="[630,795,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. eximiassita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45125FFD0FBDAFC807CEC7236" authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1927" box="[1099,1209,844,869]" class="Marchantiopsida" family="Cleveaceae" genus="Sauteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Marchantiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="eximia">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FBDAFC807CEC7236" box="[1099,1209,844,869]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only in comparatively minor color differences and one sculptural difference. Color pattern of the mesoscutum is the most conspicuous color difference, which results primarily from the shape of the notaular band posteriorly (
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FCBBFC087B6A728E" box="[810,831,964,989]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25125FFD0FCCDFC087BA2728D" box="[860,1015,964,990]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–18" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1801,1822]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-71@55.[256,1331,281,1798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 9–18. Mesosoma dorsal: 9, Balcha laciniosa; 10, B. cylindrica; 11, B. elegans; 12, B. indica (N. Am.); 13, B. eximia; 14, B. eximiassita; 15, B. dictyota; 16, B. reticulata; 17, B. anemeta; 18, B. splendida (nob = notaular band, pnb = paranotaular band, ppb = parapsidal band)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050583/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Figs. 13, 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, females of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45125FFD0FE99FC2079F97556" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[264,428,1004,1029]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximiassita">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FE99FC2079F97556" box="[264,428,1004,1029]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. eximiassita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also lack the distinct blue band from the parascrobal region lateral to the torulus, which characterizes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45125FFD0FDCCFBD87A9E757E" authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1927" box="[605,715,1044,1069]" class="Marchantiopsida" family="Cleveaceae" genus="Sauteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Marchantiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="eximia">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FDCCFBD87A9E757E" box="[605,715,1044,1069]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
females (Fig. 1), they have the penultimate gastral tergum mostly bright green, and they usually have a distinct mediolongitudinal coppery band on the scutellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25125FFD0FDA7FBA87AD8752D" box="[566,653,1124,1150]" captionStart="FIGURES 9–18" captionStartId="55.[264,370,1801,1822]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1795]" captionTargetId="figure-71@55.[256,1331,281,1798]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURES 9–18. Mesosoma dorsal: 9, Balcha laciniosa; 10, B. cylindrica; 11, B. elegans; 12, B. indica (N. Am.); 13, B. eximia; 14, B. eximiassita; 15, B. dictyota; 16, B. reticulata; 17, B. anemeta; 18, B. splendida (nob = notaular band, pnb = paranotaular band, ppb = parapsidal band)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050583" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050583/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
). The only significant sculptural difference is that in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45125FFD0FE99FB4079F975F6" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" box="[264,428,1164,1189]" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximiassita">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FE99FB4079F975F6" box="[264,428,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. eximiassita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the lateral surface of the callus is roughened (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25125FFD0FC5FFB407C7075F5" box="[974,1061,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–54. 47" captionStartId="59.[264,370,1802,1823]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-73@59.[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 47–54. 47. Metanotum and propodeum: Balcha eximia. 48. B. indica (N. Am.): dorsellum and propodeal plical region. 49 and 50. Mesosoma, lateral: 49, B. punctiscutum; 50, B. indica (N. Am.). 51–54. Posterior half of acropleuron: 51, B. indica (holotype); 52, B. eximiassita; 53, B. anemeta; 54, B. levicollis (sar = subalar region of acropleuron)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050593/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 52</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FBA0FB407C1375F6" box="[1073,1094,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">cf</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25125FFD0FBC7FB407CFF75F5" box="[1110,1194,1164,1190]" captionStart="FIGURES 39–46. 39–42" captionStartId="58.[264,370,1798,1819]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,284,1792]" captionTargetId="figure-78@58.[264,1324,281,1794]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="FIGURES 39–46. 39–42. Mesosoma, dorsal: 39, Balcha cylindrica; 40, B. splendida; 41, B. camptogastra; 42, B. enoptra. 43–46. Metanotum and propodeum: 43, B. levicollis; 44, B. punctiscutum; 45, B. enoptra (cal = callus, dor = dorsellum, pcr = precrenular region of metanotal panel, ppr = propodeal plical region, psr = paraspiracular region); 46, B. elegans." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050589" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050589/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
) similar to the metapleuron, whereas it is uniformly smooth and shiny in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45125FFD0FC7BFB787C0C759E" authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1927" box="[1002,1113,1204,1229]" class="Marchantiopsida" family="Cleveaceae" genus="Sauteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Marchantiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="eximia">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FC7BFB787C0C759E" box="[1002,1113,1204,1229]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="EA97D4A25125FFD0FBFBFB787C97759D" box="[1130,1218,1204,1230]" captionStart="FIGURES 47–54. 47" captionStartId="59.[264,370,1802,1823]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-73@59.[264,1323,286,1798]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURES 47–54. 47. Metanotum and propodeum: Balcha eximia. 48. B. indica (N. Am.): dorsellum and propodeal plical region. 49 and 50. Mesosoma, lateral: 49, B. punctiscutum; 50, B. indica (N. Am.). 51–54. Posterior half of acropleuron: 51, B. indica (holotype); 52, B. eximiassita; 53, B. anemeta; 54, B. levicollis (sar = subalar region of acropleuron)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5050593" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5050593/files/figure.png" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45125FFD0FB46FB7879D975A6" authorityName="Gibson" authorityYear="2005" class="Insecta" family="Eupelmidae" genus="Balcha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eximiassita">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FB46FB7879D975A6" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Balcha eximiassita</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from southeast Asia, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5ACB3A45125FFD0FCF0FB107B9A75A6" authorityName="Masi" authorityYear="1927" box="[865,975,1244,1269]" class="Marchantiopsida" family="Cleveaceae" genus="Sauteria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Marchantiales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="eximia">
|
||
<emphasis id="40D814355125FFD0FCF0FB107B9A75A6" box="[865,975,1244,1269]" italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">B. eximia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently is known only from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0ABB88B75125FFD0FE99FAC87934744D" box="[264,353,1284,1310]" name="Taiwan" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Additional collecting from other areas may show the differences are variable and simply opposite extremes of intraspecific variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |