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<document id="056F2868380DAEBB635CBBCF373BB325" ID-DOI="10.4081/nhs.2021.532" ID-ISSN="2385-0922" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12753989" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="tatiana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="tatiana" checkinTime="1721185158030" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schifani, Enrico, Csősz, SÁndor, Viviano, Roberto &amp; Alicata, Antonio" docDate="2021" docId="211987A4FFB4FFD5122DFA9CB83BFC05" docLanguage="en" docName="NatHistSci.8.1.55-70.pdf" docOrigin="Natural History Sciences 8 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2021.532" docStyle="DocumentStyle:926963A4B76E17DFFD817EF231EB8DA9.3:NatHistSci.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="926963A4B76E17DFFD817EF231EB8DA9" docStyleName="NatHistSci.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Solenopsis fugax" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="65" masterDocId="DD20FFDCFFBEFFDF125CFFC7BD34FFD5" masterDocTitle="Ant diversity on the largest Mediterranean islands: on the presence or absence of 28 species in Sicily (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="70" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="65" updateTime="1724659393412" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-4.0">
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<mods:title id="A2A9A323F6E379DEF81475209FD6C6C5">Ant diversity on the largest Mediterranean islands: on the presence or absence of 28 species in Sicily (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2964C19E32F3CD5A1F7231D693C4193D">Schifani, Enrico</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CE9BD10CDAAE25153D2387642B22C7AA">Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11 / A, I- 43124 Parma, Italia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="762EDC679449680BBF1E1ED4125AE2A4">Csősz, SÁndor</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4F6C85645D162DF06F0D2698B72A3D74">MTA-ELTE-MTM, Ecology Research Group, PÁzmÁny Péter sétÁny 1 C, H- 1117 Budapest, Hungary. &amp; Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, AlkotmÁny út 2 - 4, H- 2163 VÁcrÁtót, Hungary.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="8CF9B8DC68E5F7EEE6B1CCFBDC50E992">Via Michele Cipolla 106, I- 90123 Palermo, Italia.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:affiliation id="D0C79E5FF07E17C6598AD2D8BC973A9C">Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences (DBGES), University of Catania, Via Androne 81, I- 95124 Catania, Italia.</mods:affiliation>
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<subSubSection id="E1AA6539FFB4FFD5122DFA9CBF24FAA0" box="[113,528,1371,1398]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A90F36B2FFB4FFD5122DFA9CBF24FAA0" blockId="10.[113,757,1371,1970]" box="[113,528,1371,1398]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
15.
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD512C7FA9CBF24FAA0" ID-CoL="4Y6DS" authority="(Latreille 1798)" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[155,528,1371,1397]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD512C7FA9CBC6CFAA0" box="[155,344,1371,1397]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Solenopsis fugax</emphasis>
(Latreille 1798)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="E1AA6539FFB4FFD512CBFABEB83BFC05" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A90F36B2FFB4FFD512CBFABEB83BFC05" blockId="10.[113,757,1371,1970]" lastBlockId="10.[831,1475,135,976]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
The taxonomy of most
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD513C4FABEBF51FA46" box="[408,613,1401,1427]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD513C4FABEBF3BFA46" box="[408,527,1401,1427]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Solenopsis</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
in the Mediterranean is still in dire conditions with a few exceptions. One of the problems regarding all the remaining species has been confusion under the name
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD5105CFA13BF6EFA38" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[512,602,1491,1518]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5105CFA13BF6EFA38" box="[512,602,1491,1518]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Similar to
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD51082FA13BDF5F9DE" baseAuthorityName="Foerster" baseAuthorityYear="1850" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alienus">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51082FA13BDF5F9DE" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">L. alienus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD512A5FA35BC66F9DE" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[249,338,1522,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="niger">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD512A5FA35BC66F9DE" box="[249,338,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">L. niger</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD513DEFA35BCFEF9DE" authorityName="Fabricius" authorityYear="1804" box="[386,458,1522,1547]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Lasius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD513DEFA35BCFEF9DE" box="[386,458,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Lasius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="80F757DBFFB4FFD5138EFA35BF39F9D9" box="[466,525,1522,1548]" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(as mentioned before), the name
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD51357F9D7BC51F9FF" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[267,357,1552,1578]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51357F9D7BC51F9FF" box="[267,357,1552,1578]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was extensively used to name most
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD5122DF9E9BDDCF99D" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[113,232,1582,1608]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5122DF9E9BDDCF99D" box="[113,232,1582,1608]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Solenopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
populations in the region avoiding serious identification efforts. Such a confusing approach has long been justified by the lack of clarity regarding the concept of
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD51083F9ADBD9BF977" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51083F9ADBD9BF977" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
itself. Since Galkowski
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD513E6F94EBCDCF977" box="[442,488,1672,1698]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. (2010) finally provided a clearer definition of
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD51331F960BCFCF915" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[365,456,1702,1729]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51331F960BCFCF915" box="[365,456,1702,1729]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, it became possible to test whether many populations previously assigned to
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD510C7F902BFC0F90A" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[667,756,1733,1759]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD510C7F902BFC0F90A" box="[667,756,1733,1759]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
truly represented this species. While
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD51059F924BF6AF928" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[517,606,1763,1789]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51059F924BF6AF928" box="[517,606,1763,1789]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
convincingly appears to be the sole species of its genus in Central Europe, there are many Mediterranean taxa with a similar look, and its distribution in the Mediterranean is still unclear (Seifert, 2018). For instance, a recent examination of newly collected specimens and museum material suggested
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD51083F8BDBD9BF864" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51083F8BDBD9BF864" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to be absent from
<collectingRegion id="6B74F850FFB4FFD51322F850BCE9F864" box="[382,477,1943,1969]" country="Italy" name="Sardegna" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Sardinia</collectingRegion>
, where only
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD51037F85FBEFFFF77" authority="Emery 1915" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" box="[619,971,135,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51037F85FBFC0F864" box="[619,756,1943,1970]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. lusitanica</emphasis>
Emery 1915
</taxonomicName>
(and
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD51652FF4FB943FF74" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1875" box="[1038,1143,135,162]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orbula">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51652FF4FB943FF74" box="[1038,1143,135,162]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. orbula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) may be present (Schifani
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD517F2FF4FBE62FF6A" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2021b). In
<collectingRegion id="6B74F850FFB4FFD511B4FF62B91EFF6A" box="[1000,1066,165,191]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Sicily</collectingRegion>
,
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD5166AFF61B9A5FF15" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1078,1169,166,192]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5166AFF61B9A5FF15" box="[1078,1169,166,192]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was recorded from several localities by Donisthorpe (1927), Baroni Urbani (1964a), and La Pergola
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD511AEFF24B911FF29" box="[1010,1061,226,252]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. (2008). In addition, it was recorded from the circum-Sicilian island of Ustica (Riggio &amp; De Stefani Perez, 1887), Aeolian (Kutter, 1927), and Egadi islands (Scupola, 2009). We never found
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD51749FEFBB845FE83" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1301,1393,316,342]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51749FEFBB845FE83" box="[1301,1393,316,342]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
during our surveys in
<collectingRegion id="6B74F850FFB4FFD511BBFE9DB91CFEA1" box="[999,1064,346,372]" country="Italy" name="Sicilia" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Sicily</collectingRegion>
and on the Egadi and Aeolian islands (see also Schär
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51653FEBEB90BFE47" box="[1039,1087,376,402]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
. 2020; authors unpublished data), even at higher altitudes where Central-European species are more common. Instead, the widespread form that we encountered is provisionally named
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD5168AFE14BEFAFDDE" authority="(Schar et al., 2020)" baseAuthorityName="Schar" baseAuthorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="latro" subSpecies="sicula">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5168AFE14B845FE38" box="[1238,1393,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. latro sicula</emphasis>
(Schär
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5111CFE35BE46FDDE" box="[832,882,497,523]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2020)
</taxonomicName>
. The attribution of the Sardinian population to
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD51103FDC8BEDEFDFC" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" box="[863,1002,527,553]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51103FDC8BEDEFDFC" box="[863,1002,527,553]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. lusitanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
awaits to be confirmed by a proper revision (Schifani
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD511B9FDE9B92CFD92" box="[997,1048,557,583]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2021b), as well as the identification of the Sicilian one as
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD5166EFD8BB9F8FDB0" box="[1074,1228,587,614]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="latro" subSpecies="sicula">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5166EFD8BB9F8FDB0" box="[1074,1228,587,614]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. latro sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. In addition, a review of North African
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD5164CFDADB9B3FD51" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[1040,1159,618,644]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5164CFDADB9B3FD51" box="[1040,1159,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Solenopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
taxonomy, regrettably plagued by scientific names based on few workers, is strongly needed to understand whether Sicilian
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD5177DFD61B8ACFD15" authorityName="Westwood" authorityYear="1840" box="[1313,1432,678,704]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5177DFD61B8ACFD15" box="[1313,1432,678,704]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Solenopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are related to them. At the same time, our finding undermines the assumption that
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD5167CFD24B94EFD29" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1056,1146,738,765]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5167CFD24B94EFD29" box="[1056,1146,738,765]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread in
<collectingCountry id="D1A77622FFB4FFD51763FD25B847FD29" box="[1343,1395,738,764]" name="Italy" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Italy</collectingCountry>
, where the only reliable records come from the northern regions (Castracani
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51199FCD8BEC2FCED" box="[965,1014,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2020; Schifani
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD516E9FCD8B9D2FCED" box="[1205,1254,798,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2021b). The recognition of
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD511EBFCFAB961FC83" box="[951,1109,828,855]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="latro" subSpecies="sicula">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD511EBFCFAB961FC83" box="[951,1109,828,855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. latro sicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD516C1FCFAB9CDFC82" baseAuthorityName="Latreille" baseAuthorityYear="1798" box="[1181,1273,829,855]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fugax">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD516C1FCFAB9CDFC82" box="[1181,1273,829,855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. fugax</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may be based on worker chaetotaxy (see images in Schär
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5175EFC9CB800FCA0" box="[1282,1332,859,885]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2020), but, similarly to Sardinian
<taxonomicName id="6EB04D31FFB4FFD5166BFCBEB9F4FC46" authorityName="Emery" authorityYear="1915" box="[1079,1216,889,915]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Solenopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="65" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lusitanica">
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD5166BFCBEB9F4FC46" box="[1079,1216,889,915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">S. lusitanica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, gynes and males have better diagnostic features, especially size, head shape, and sculpture (Galkowski
<emphasis id="9BC4EAA0FFB4FFD51668FC71B951FC1A" box="[1076,1125,949,975]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">et al</emphasis>
., 2010;
<figureCitation id="318B2A37FFB4FFD516E3FC72B835FC05" box="[1215,1281,949,976]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="11.[189,221,1942,1964]" captionTargetBox="[295,1292,136,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-54@11.[295,1292,136,1917]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 5 - Solenopsis latro sicula. a-b,e) Queen / regina; c-d,f) male / maschio. Monte Pellegrino. Scale bar / scala grafica: 0.5 mm (ESC)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12753999" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/12753999/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="65">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>