treatments-xml/data/03/D2/87/03D287B2FFA036329AD7FC052BEFFE57.xml

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<mods:title id="656D047B739D99EBB5FC822F489D1C40">&lt;strong&gt; New glass sponges (Porifera: Hexactinellida) from deep waters of the central Aleutian Islands, Alaska &lt;/ strong&gt;</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA036319AD7FC052C27FC66" blockId="24.[151,576,896,956]" box="[151,576,896,923]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<heading id="D08C81C8FFA036319AD7FC052C27FC66" bold="true" box="[151,576,896,923]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFA036319AD7FC052C27FC66" ID-CoL="6X4GV" authority="Ijima, 1896" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,576,896,923]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okinoseana">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA036319AD7FC052C27FC66" bold="true" box="[151,576,896,923]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA036319AD7FC052FCBFC67" bold="true" box="[151,428,897,923]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Regadrella okinoseana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFA036319BF3FC042C27FC66" author="Ijima, I." box="[435,576,896,922]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="249 - 254" refId="ref35619" refString="Ijima, I. (1896) Notice of new Hexactinellida from Sagami Bay. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 19 (504), 249 - 254." type="journal article" year="1896">Ijima, 1896</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA036319AD7FC202FC3FC40" blockId="24.[151,576,896,956]" box="[151,420,932,956]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
(
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA036319ADFFC202E9CFC40" box="[159,251,932,956]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1424,1447]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-414@26.[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, body and distribution map. A. Two faces of the collected dry specimen, missing the attachment base. B. External edge showing the pit/ridge surface pattern typical of Regadrella. C. External surface of the wet subsample showing pits with parietal oscula at their centers. D. A parietal osculum in whole mount viewed in transmitted light. E. In situ image of the specimen prior to collection; distance between laser marks is 10 cm. F. Known distribution map of R. okinoseana, with the new Aleutian Island site added." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261294/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
&amp; 
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA036319B5EFC202F5BFC40" box="[286,316,932,956]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">13</figureCitation>
, 
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFFA036319B08FC202FFBFC40" box="[328,412,932,956]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Body features and spicule dimensions of Regadrella okinoseana, USNM# 1196553, from Aleutian Islands, Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Table 6</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA036319AD7FC6F2E80FBDC" blockId="24.[151,1437,1003,1118]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Synonymy: 
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<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA036319B52FC682F9CFBFE" box="[274,507,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Regadrella okinoseana</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFA036319842FC6F2CCAFBFD" author="Ijima, I." box="[514,685,1003,1025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="249 - 254" refId="ref35619" refString="Ijima, I. (1896) Notice of new Hexactinellida from Sagami Bay. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 19 (504), 249 - 254." type="journal article" year="1896">Ijima, 1896: 250</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFA0363198F8FC6F2D46FBFD" author="Ijima, I." box="[696,801,1003,1025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 299" refId="ref35708" refString="Ijima, I. (1901) Studies on the Hexactinellida. Contribution I. (Euplectellidae). Journal of the College of Sciences, Imperial University of Tokyo, 15, 1 - 299, pls I - XIV." type="journal article" year="1901">1901: 223</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFA03631996BFC6F2A7FFBFD" author="Levi, C. &amp; Levi, P." box="[811,1048,1003,1025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="283 - 317" refId="ref36746" refString="Levi, C. &amp; Levi, P. (1982) Spongiaires hexactinellides du Pacifique SudOuest (Nouvelle-Caledonie). Bulletin du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, (4) 4 (3 - 4), 283 - 317." type="journal article" year="1982">Levi &amp; Levi 1982: 292</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFA036319E63FC6F2ABFFBFD" author="Reiswig, H. M." box="[1059,1240,1003,1025]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="25 - 36" refId="ref37027" refString="Reiswig, H. M. (1992) First Hexactinellida (Porifera) (glass sponges) from the Great Australian Bight. Records of the South Australian Museum, 26 (1), 25 - 36." type="journal article" year="1992">Reiswig 1992: 33</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFA036319EA3FC6F2E84FBDC" author="Stone, R. P. &amp; Lehnert, H. &amp; Reiswig, H. M." pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 187" refId="ref37879" refString="Stone, R. P., Lehnert, H. &amp; Reiswig, H. M. (2011) A guide to the deep-water sponges of the Aleutian Island Archipelago. NOAA Professional Paper NMFS, 12, 1 - 187." type="journal article" year="2011">
Stone 
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA036319F64FC682B30FBFE" box="[1316,1367,1004,1026]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">et al.</emphasis>
, 2011: 25
</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6B118AFFA036319AD7FBAD2C4EFBC3" box="[151,553,1065,1087]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADA10B5FFA036319AD7FBAD2C42FBC3" author="Ijima, I." box="[151,549,1065,1087]" page="335" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1927">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFA036319AD7FBAD2C42FBC3" ID-CoL="4RPR4" authority="Ijima, 1927: 335" authorityName="Ijima" authorityPageNumber="335" authorityYear="1927" box="[151,549,1065,1087]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="cylindrica">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA036319AD7FBAD2F13FBC3" box="[151,372,1065,1087]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Regadrella cylindrica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFA036319B3AFBAD2C42FBC3" author="Ijima, I." box="[378,549,1065,1087]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 383" refId="ref35848" refString="Ijima, I. (1927) The Hexactinellida of the Siboga Expedition. In: Weber, M. (Ed.), Siboga-Expeditie. Uitkomsten op zoologisch, botanisch, oceanographisch en geologisch gebied verzameld in Nederlandsch Oost-lndie 1899 - 1900 aan boord H. M. ' Siboga' onder commando van Luitenant ter zee le kl. G. F. Tydeman. 106 (Monographie VI). E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. i - viii, 1 - 383, pls I - XXVI." type="journal article" year="1927">Ijima, 1927: 335</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA036319AD7FBCC2C71FBA2" blockId="24.[151,1437,1003,1118]" box="[151,534,1096,1118]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB6B118AFFA036319AD7FBCC2C71FBA2" box="[151,534,1096,1118]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<treatmentCitation id="0ADA10B5FFA036319AD7FBCC2C75FBA2" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[151,530,1096,1118]" page="30" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" year="1900">
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFA036319AD7FBCC2C75FBA2" ID-CoL="4RPR5" authority="Schulze, 1900: 30" authorityName="Schulze" authorityPageNumber="30" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,530,1096,1118]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="decora">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA036319AD7FBCC2F34FBA2" box="[151,339,1096,1118]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Regadrella decora</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B55FFA036319B19FBCC2C75FBA2" author="Schulze, F. E." box="[345,530,1096,1118]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref37716" refString="Schulze, F. E. (1900) Hexactinelliden des Indischen Oceanes. III Theil. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1900, 1 - 46, pls I - VII." type="journal article" year="1900">Schulze, 1900: 30</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA036319AD7FB0E2D6AFB16" blockId="24.[151,1436,1162,1934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<materialsCitation id="3B133CF9FFA036319AD7FB0E2D6DFB16" collectingDate="2004-08-03" collectionCode="RV" collectorName="S Amchitka Pass" elevation="1386" latitude="51.29115" location="Aleutian Islands" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-179.54309" municipality="Delarof Islands" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" specimenCode="USNM# 1196553" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Alaska">
Material examined. 
<specimenCode id="DBDD9EDFFFA036319B3DFB0E2C2EFB5E" box="[381,585,1162,1186]" collectionCode="USNM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" type="Museum">USNM# 1196553</specimenCode>
, ROV 'Jason II' from 
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE61FFA03631990AFB0F2D08FB5E" box="[842,879,1163,1186]" country="Italy" name="Collection of Leptospira Strains" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">RV</collectionCode>
'Roger Revelle', dive J2102, 
<date id="FFC51064FFA036319E84FB0E2B19FB5E" box="[1220,1406,1162,1186]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-08-03">
<collectingDate id="EF81E98CFFA036319E84FB0E2B19FB5E" box="[1220,1406,1162,1186]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" value="2004-08-03">03 August 2004</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<collectorName id="268E5372FFA036319FCCFB0E2F2EFB3A" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">S Amchitka Pass</collectorName>
, 
<locationDeviation id="9A762F86FFA036319B1DFB2A2C94FB3A" box="[349,755,1198,1222]" location="Amatignak Island" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
<quantity id="4C839B41FFA036319B1DFB2A2FA6FB3A" box="[349,449,1198,1222]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="km" value="27.4">27.4 km</quantity>
W of Amatignak Island
</locationDeviation>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA0ACDEFFA036319947FB2A2DDAFB3A" box="[775,957,1198,1222]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Delarof Islands</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8EA4607FFFA036319991FB2A2AF4FB3A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D287B2FFA036329AD7FC052BEFFE57:8EA4607FFFA036319991FB2A2AF4FB3A" box="[977,1171,1198,1222]" latitude="51.29115" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-179.54309" municipality="Delarof Islands" name="Aleutian Islands" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" stateProvince="Alaska">Aleutian Islands</location>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49BFF846FFA036319EE6FB2A2A91FB3A" box="[1190,1270,1198,1222]" country="United States of America" name="Alaska" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Alaska</collectingRegion>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FFA036319F4AFB2A2BFFFB3A" box="[1290,1432,1198,1222]" degrees="51" direction="north" minutes="17.469" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="51.29115">51º17.469'N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5063FFA036319AD7FB562F51FB16" box="[151,310,1234,1258]" degrees="179" direction="west" minutes="32.585" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" precision="1" value="-179.54309">179º32.585'W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="4C839B41FFA036319B01FB562FFFFB16" box="[321,408,1234,1258]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.386" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1386.0">
<elevation id="0056D197FFA036319B01FB562FFFFB16" box="[321,408,1234,1258]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.386" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="m" value="1386.0">1386 m</elevation>
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, partial specimen, dry &amp; ethanol
</materialsCitation>
.
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<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA036319A87FB722C2FF8FA" blockId="24.[151,1436,1162,1934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">
Description. The single specimen from the Aleutian Islands is a soft flattened sac with a wide but subdivided oscular aperture (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA036319BA5FA9E2C37FACE" box="[485,592,1306,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1424,1447]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-414@26.[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, body and distribution map. A. Two faces of the collected dry specimen, missing the attachment base. B. External edge showing the pit/ridge surface pattern typical of Regadrella. C. External surface of the wet subsample showing pits with parietal oscula at their centers. D. A parietal osculum in whole mount viewed in transmitted light. E. In situ image of the specimen prior to collection; distance between laser marks is 10 cm. F. Known distribution map of R. okinoseana, with the new Aleutian Island site added." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261294/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
); dimensions of the specimen lacking the attachment base (not collected) are 
<quantity id="4C839B41FFA036319A84FABA2F45FAAA" box="[196,290,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.88" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="18.8">18.8 cm</quantity>
tall, 
<quantity id="4C839B41FFA036319B23FABA2FA6FAAA" box="[355,449,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="12.8">12.8 cm</quantity>
wide, 
<quantity id="4C839B41FFA036319854FABA2C02FAAA" box="[532,613,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="cm" value="9.1">9.1 cm</quantity>
thick. The body wall is 
<quantity id="4C839B41FFA0363199CCFABA2D8AFAAA" box="[908,1005,1342,1366]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
thick. Prostalia are not present. The characteristic 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFA036319B78FAE72FD1FA87" box="[312,438,1379,1403]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA036319B78FAE72FD1FA87" box="[312,438,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Regadrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
surface pattern of pits and ridges with small parietal oscula at the center of pits (
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFFA036319F1BFAE62EC1FA62" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Body features and spicule dimensions of Regadrella okinoseana, USNM# 1196553, from Aleutian Islands, Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Table 6</tableCitation>
) is developed only on the external body edges that remain free of contact with the surrounding substrate (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA036319F22FA022E91FA3E" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1424,1447]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-414@26.[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, body and distribution map. A. Two faces of the collected dry specimen, missing the attachment base. B. External edge showing the pit/ridge surface pattern typical of Regadrella. C. External surface of the wet subsample showing pits with parietal oscula at their centers. D. A parietal osculum in whole mount viewed in transmitted light. E. In situ image of the specimen prior to collection; distance between laser marks is 10 cm. F. Known distribution map of R. okinoseana, with the new Aleutian Island site added." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261294/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Figs. 12 B, C</figureCitation>
). The larger frontal surfaces that contact the substratum lack this pattern but still have parietal oscula scattered irregularly across their surface. Parietal oscula are ovoid with mean major diameter of 
<quantity id="4C839B41FFA036319F42FA4A2B3CFA1A" box="[1282,1371,1486,1510]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA036319F2DFA4A2EABF9F6" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1424,1447]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-414@26.[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, body and distribution map. A. Two faces of the collected dry specimen, missing the attachment base. B. External edge showing the pit/ridge surface pattern typical of Regadrella. C. External surface of the wet subsample showing pits with parietal oscula at their centers. D. A parietal osculum in whole mount viewed in transmitted light. E. In situ image of the specimen prior to collection; distance between laser marks is 10 cm. F. Known distribution map of R. okinoseana, with the new Aleutian Island site added." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261294/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12D</figureCitation>
). The main oscular edge is curled outward (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA0363198FEFA762D42F9F6" box="[702,805,1522,1546]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1424,1447]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-414@26.[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, body and distribution map. A. Two faces of the collected dry specimen, missing the attachment base. B. External edge showing the pit/ridge surface pattern typical of Regadrella. C. External surface of the wet subsample showing pits with parietal oscula at their centers. D. A parietal osculum in whole mount viewed in transmitted light. E. In situ image of the specimen prior to collection; distance between laser marks is 10 cm. F. Known distribution map of R. okinoseana, with the new Aleutian Island site added." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261294/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12A</figureCitation>
) but a cuff and sieve plate are absent. Within the single oscular margin, the distal atrial cavity is subdivided into four separate passages by tissue bridges joining the atrial wall surfaces. One of these bridges extends longitudinally at least half the length of the body, thereby flattening and subdividing the distal atrial cavity into two main passages. In the lower half of the saccate body, the two longitudinal atrial passages join to form a single open atrial cavity. Before collection, the specimen was attached under the edge of a large mudstone mound with the osculum exposed (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA036319E11F9222ADCF942" box="[1105,1211,1702,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1424,1447]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-414@26.[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, body and distribution map. A. Two faces of the collected dry specimen, missing the attachment base. B. External edge showing the pit/ridge surface pattern typical of Regadrella. C. External surface of the wet subsample showing pits with parietal oscula at their centers. D. A parietal osculum in whole mount viewed in transmitted light. E. In situ image of the specimen prior to collection; distance between laser marks is 10 cm. F. Known distribution map of R. okinoseana, with the new Aleutian Island site added." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261294/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12E</figureCitation>
). Color in life was white; dried and ethanol-preserved samples are light beige. The new location is quite remote from the known distribution of this species (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA036319B95F96A2C5CF8FA" box="[469,571,1774,1798]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1424,1447]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-414@26.[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, body and distribution map. A. Two faces of the collected dry specimen, missing the attachment base. B. External edge showing the pit/ridge surface pattern typical of Regadrella. C. External surface of the wet subsample showing pits with parietal oscula at their centers. D. A parietal osculum in whole mount viewed in transmitted light. E. In situ image of the specimen prior to collection; distance between laser marks is 10 cm. F. Known distribution map of R. okinoseana, with the new Aleutian Island site added." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261294/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA036319A87F8962C23F872" blockId="24.[151,1436,1162,1934]" pageId="24" pageNumber="25">The main supporting skeleton is a network of loose interwoven unfused diactins resulting in a very soft texture in the upper body. In the lower body quarter, internal diactins are haphazardly fused at contact points, resulting in a stiff but still flexible texture in a soft surface in this area. Main dermal hexactins and atrial pentactins remain unfused throughout the body surfaces.</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04662CFFA136309AD7FF132C87FF33" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" startId="25.[151,239,151,175]">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA136309AD7FF132BFBFF53" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,207]" box="[151,1436,151,175]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA136309AD7FF132F6BFF53" bold="true" box="[151,268,151,175]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
Body features and spicule dimensions of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFA136309895FF1C2A4EFF53" authority=", USNM" authorityName="USNM" box="[725,1065,152,175]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="25" pageNumber="26" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okinoseana">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA136309895FF1C2DABFF53" box="[725,972,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Regadrella okinoseana</emphasis>
, USNM
</taxonomicName>
# 1196553, from Aleutian Islands,
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA136309AD7FF3C2C87FF33" blockId="25.[151,1436,151,207]" box="[151,736,184,207]" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated).</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA136309BD5FF752B32F923" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<table id="F97BC404FFA1C9D69AE5FF742B31F923" box="[165,1366,240,1759]" colsContinueFrom="23.[165,1371,240,1318]" colsContinueIn="29.[165,1361,484,1580]" gridcols="5" gridrows="35" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FF742B31FEFA" box="[165,1366,240,262]" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FF742C7DFEFA" box="[165,538,240,262]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">parameter</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FF742D07FEFA" box="[809,864,240,262]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">mean</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFF742D8CFEFA" box="[959,1003,240,262]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">s. d.</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFF742AA6FEFA" box="[1103,1217,240,262]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">range</th>
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFF742B31FEFA" box="[1340,1366,240,262]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">n</th>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FE982B31FECE" box="[165,1366,284,306]" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FE982C7DFECE" box="[165,538,284,306]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Surface pit length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FE982D07FECE" box="[809,864,284,306]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFE982D8CFECE" box="[959,1003,284,306]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFE982AA6FECE" box="[1103,1217,284,306]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">9.0–20.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFE982B31FECE" box="[1340,1366,284,306]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FECC2B31FEA2" box="[165,1366,328,350]" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FECC2C7DFEA2" box="[165,538,328,350]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">width (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FECC2D07FEA2" box="[809,864,328,350]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">8.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFECC2D8CFEA2" box="[959,1003,328,350]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFECC2AA6FEA2" box="[1103,1217,328,350]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">5.3–13.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFECC2B31FEA2" box="[1340,1366,328,350]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">22</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FEF02B31FE76" box="[165,1366,372,394]" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FEF02C7DFE76" box="[165,538,372,394]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Parietal osculum diameter (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FEF02D07FE76" box="[809,864,372,394]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFEF02D8CFE76" box="[959,1003,372,394]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFEF02AA6FE76" box="[1103,1217,372,394]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1.2–6.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFEF02B31FE76" box="[1340,1366,372,394]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">40</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FE242B31FE4A" box="[165,1366,416,438]" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FE242C7DFE4A" box="[165,538,416,438]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Thick diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FE242D07FE4A" box="[809,864,416,438]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFE242D8CFE4A" box="[959,1003,416,438]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFE242AA6FE4A" box="[1103,1217,416,438]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">5.2–16.3</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFE242B31FE4A" box="[1340,1366,416,438]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">41</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FE482B31FE1E" box="[165,1366,460,482]" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FE482C7DFE1E" box="[165,538,460,482]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FE482D07FE1E" box="[809,864,460,482]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">66</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFE482D8CFE1E" box="[959,1003,460,482]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">23</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFE482AA6FE1E" box="[1103,1217,460,482]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">32–118</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFE482B31FE1E" box="[1340,1366,460,482]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FE7C2B31FDF2" box="[165,1366,504,526]" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FE7C2C7DFDF2" box="[165,538,504,526]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Thin diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FE7C2D07FDF2" box="[809,864,504,526]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFE7C2D8CFDF2" box="[959,1003,504,526]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFE7C2AA6FDF2" box="[1103,1217,504,526]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1.3–7.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFE7C2B31FDF2" box="[1340,1366,504,526]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FDA02B31FDC6" box="[165,1366,548,570]" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FDA02C7DFDC6" box="[165,538,548,570]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FDA02D07FDC6" box="[809,864,548,570]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">11.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFDA02D8CFDC6" box="[959,1003,548,570]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFDA02AA6FDC6" box="[1103,1217,548,570]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">6.9–16.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFDA02B31FDC6" box="[1340,1366,548,570]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FDD42B31FD9A" box="[165,1366,592,614]" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FDD42C7DFD9A" box="[165,538,592,614]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Sword hexactin distal ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FDD42D07FD9A" box="[809,864,592,614]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">181</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFDD42D8CFD9A" box="[959,1003,592,614]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">48</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFDD42AA6FD9A" box="[1103,1217,592,614]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">86–369</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFDD42B31FD9A" box="[1340,1366,592,614]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FDF82B31FD6E" box="[165,1366,636,658]" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FDF82C7DFD6E" box="[165,538,636,658]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">distal ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FDF82D07FD6E" box="[809,864,636,658]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">16.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFDF82D8CFD6E" box="[959,1003,636,658]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">4.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFDF82AA6FD6E" box="[1103,1217,636,658]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">8.0–25.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFDF82B31FD6E" box="[1340,1366,636,658]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FD2C2B31FD42" box="[165,1366,680,702]" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FD2C2C7DFD42" box="[165,538,680,702]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FD2C2D07FD42" box="[809,864,680,702]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">225</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFD2C2D8CFD42" box="[959,1003,680,702]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">40</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFD2C2AA6FD42" box="[1103,1217,680,702]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">156–318</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFD2C2B31FD42" box="[1340,1366,680,702]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FD502B31FD16" box="[165,1366,724,746]" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FD502C7DFD16" box="[165,538,724,746]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FD502D07FD16" box="[809,864,724,746]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFD502D8CFD16" box="[959,1003,724,746]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFD502AA6FD16" box="[1103,1217,724,746]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.0–23.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFD502B31FD16" box="[1340,1366,724,746]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FC842B31FCEA" box="[165,1366,768,790]" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FC842C7DFCEA" box="[165,538,768,790]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FC842D07FCEA" box="[809,864,768,790]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">457</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFC842D8CFCEA" box="[959,1003,768,790]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">123</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFC842AA6FCEA" box="[1103,1217,768,790]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">232–807</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFC842B31FCEA" box="[1340,1366,768,790]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FCA82B31FCBE" box="[165,1366,812,834]" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FCA82C7DFCBE" box="[165,538,812,834]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FCA82D07FCBE" box="[809,864,812,834]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">19.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFCA82D8CFCBE" box="[959,1003,812,834]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">4.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFCA82AA6FCBE" box="[1103,1217,812,834]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">9.6–30.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFCA82B31FCBE" box="[1340,1366,812,834]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FCDC2B31FC92" box="[165,1366,856,878]" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FCDC2C7DFC92" box="[165,538,856,878]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Regular hexactin ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FCDC2D07FC92" box="[809,864,856,878]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">202</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFCDC2D8CFC92" box="[959,1003,856,878]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">38</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFCDC2AA6FC92" box="[1103,1217,856,878]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">134–292</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFCDC2B31FC92" box="[1340,1366,856,878]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FC002B31FC66" box="[165,1366,900,922]" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FC002C7DFC66" box="[165,538,900,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FC002D07FC66" box="[809,864,900,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">15.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFC002D8CFC66" box="[959,1003,900,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">4.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFC002AA6FC66" box="[1103,1217,900,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">6.6–24.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFC002B31FC66" box="[1340,1366,900,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FC342B31FC3A" box="[165,1366,944,966]" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FC342C7DFC3A" box="[165,538,944,966]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atrial pentactin tangential ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FC342D07FC3A" box="[809,864,944,966]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">220</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFC342D8CFC3A" box="[959,1003,944,966]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">36</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFC342AA6FC3A" box="[1103,1217,944,966]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">122–295</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFC342B31FC3A" box="[1340,1366,944,966]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FC582B31FC0E" box="[165,1366,988,1010]" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FC582C7DFC0E" box="[165,538,988,1010]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FC582D07FC0E" box="[809,864,988,1010]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">16.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFC582D8CFC0E" box="[959,1003,988,1010]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFC582AA6FC0E" box="[1103,1217,988,1010]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.2–27.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFC582B31FC0E" box="[1340,1366,988,1010]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FB8C2B31FBE2" box="[165,1366,1032,1054]" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FB8C2C7DFBE2" box="[165,538,1032,1054]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FB8C2D07FBE2" box="[809,864,1032,1054]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">345</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFB8C2D8CFBE2" box="[959,1003,1032,1054]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">112</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFB8C2AA6FBE2" box="[1103,1217,1032,1054]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">137–563</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFB8C2B31FBE2" box="[1340,1366,1032,1054]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FBB02B31FBB6" box="[165,1366,1076,1098]" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FBB02C7DFBB6" box="[165,538,1076,1098]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FBB02D07FBB6" box="[809,864,1076,1098]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">17.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFBB02D8CFBB6" box="[959,1003,1076,1098]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFBB02AA6FBB6" box="[1103,1217,1076,1098]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.0–27.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFBB02B31FBB6" box="[1340,1366,1076,1098]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FBE42B31FB8A" box="[165,1366,1120,1142]" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FBE42C7DFB8A" box="[165,538,1120,1142]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atrial triactin/stauractin ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FBE42D07FB8A" box="[809,864,1120,1142]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">240</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFBE42D8CFB8A" box="[959,1003,1120,1142]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">43</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFBE42AA6FB8A" box="[1103,1217,1120,1142]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">165–327</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFBE42B31FB8A" box="[1340,1366,1120,1142]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FB082B31FB5E" box="[165,1366,1164,1186]" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FB082C7DFB5E" box="[165,538,1164,1186]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FB082D07FB5E" box="[809,864,1164,1186]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">18.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFB082D8CFB5E" box="[959,1003,1164,1186]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFB082AA6FB5E" box="[1103,1217,1164,1186]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.2–28.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFB082B31FB5E" box="[1340,1366,1164,1186]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FB3C2B31FB32" box="[165,1366,1208,1230]" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FB3C2C7DFB32" box="[165,538,1208,1230]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Atrial short thick diactin length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FB3C2D07FB32" box="[809,864,1208,1230]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">609</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFB3C2D8CFB32" box="[959,1003,1208,1230]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">159</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFB3C2AA6FB32" box="[1103,1217,1208,1230]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">347–1,047</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFB3C2B31FB32" box="[1340,1366,1208,1230]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FB602B31FB06" box="[165,1366,1252,1274]" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FB602C7DFB06" box="[165,538,1252,1274]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FB602D07FB06" box="[809,864,1252,1274]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">14.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFB602D8CFB06" box="[959,1003,1252,1274]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFB602AA6FB06" box="[1103,1217,1252,1274]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">8.1–22.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFB602B31FB06" box="[1340,1366,1252,1274]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FA942B31FADA" box="[165,1366,1296,1318]" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FA942C7DFADA" box="[165,538,1296,1318]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Oscular small diactins ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FA942D07FADA" box="[809,864,1296,1318]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">88</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFA942D8CFADA" box="[959,1003,1296,1318]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">34</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFA942AA6FADA" box="[1103,1217,1296,1318]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">42–197</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFA942B31FADA" box="[1340,1366,1296,1318]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FAB82B31FAAE" box="[165,1366,1340,1362]" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FAB82C7DFAAE" box="[165,538,1340,1362]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">ray width</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FAB82D07FAAE" box="[809,864,1340,1362]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">8.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFAB82D8CFAAE" box="[959,1003,1340,1362]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFAB82AA6FAAE" box="[1103,1217,1340,1362]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">4.9–17.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFAB82B31FAAE" box="[1340,1366,1340,1362]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FAEC2B31FA82" box="[165,1366,1384,1406]" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FAEC2C7DFA82" box="[165,538,1384,1406]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Oxystauraster diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FAEC2D07FA82" box="[809,864,1384,1406]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">84.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFAEC2D8CFA82" box="[959,1003,1384,1406]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">9.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFAEC2AA6FA82" box="[1103,1217,1384,1406]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">60.9–107.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFAEC2B31FA82" box="[1340,1366,1384,1406]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FA102B31FA56" box="[165,1366,1428,1450]" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FA102C7DFA56" box="[165,538,1428,1450]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">primary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FA102D07FA56" box="[809,864,1428,1450]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">13.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFA102D8CFA56" box="[959,1003,1428,1450]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">2.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFA102AA6FA56" box="[1103,1217,1428,1450]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">8.5–17.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFA102B31FA56" box="[1340,1366,1428,1450]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FA442B31FA2A" box="[165,1366,1472,1494]" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FA442C7DFA2A" box="[165,538,1472,1494]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FA442D07FA2A" box="[809,864,1472,1494]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">29.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFA442D8CFA2A" box="[959,1003,1472,1494]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.7</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFA442AA6FA2A" box="[1103,1217,1472,1494]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">21.2–38.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFA442B31FA2A" box="[1340,1366,1472,1494]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5FA682B31F9FE" box="[165,1366,1516,1538]" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5FA682C7DF9FE" box="[165,538,1516,1538]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Oxyhexaster diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969FA682D07F9FE" box="[809,864,1516,1538]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">88.5</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFFA682D8CF9FE" box="[959,1003,1516,1538]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FFA682AA6F9FE" box="[1103,1217,1516,1538]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">69.5–128.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CFA682B31F9FE" box="[1340,1366,1516,1538]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5F99D2B31F9D3" box="[165,1366,1561,1583]" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5F99D2C7DF9D3" box="[165,538,1561,1583]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Floricome diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969F99D2D07F9D3" box="[809,864,1561,1583]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">94.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFF99D2D8CF9D3" box="[959,1003,1561,1583]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">7.8</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FF99D2AA6F9D3" box="[1103,1217,1561,1583]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">78.2–113.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CF99D2B31F9D3" box="[1340,1366,1561,1583]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5F9C02B31F9A6" box="[165,1366,1604,1626]" gridrow="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5F9C02C7DF9A6" box="[165,538,1604,1626]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">primary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969F9C02D07F9A6" box="[809,864,1604,1626]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">10.2</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFF9C02D8CF9A6" box="[959,1003,1604,1626]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">1.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FF9C02AA6F9A6" box="[1103,1217,1604,1626]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">6.9–12.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CF9C02B31F9A6" box="[1340,1366,1604,1626]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5F9F52B31F97B" box="[165,1366,1649,1671]" gridrow="32" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5F9F52C7DF97B" box="[165,538,1649,1671]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969F9F52D07F97B" box="[809,864,1649,1671]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">38.1</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFF9F52D8CF97B" box="[959,1003,1649,1671]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FF9F52AA6F97B" box="[1103,1217,1649,1671]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">32.0–46.4</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CF9F52B31F97B" box="[1340,1366,1649,1671]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5F9182B31F94E" box="[165,1366,1692,1714]" gridrow="33" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5F9182C7DF94E" box="[165,538,1692,1714]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Graphiocome centrum diameter</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969F9182D07F94E" box="[809,864,1692,1714]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">32.0</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFF9182D8CF94E" box="[959,1003,1692,1714]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">3.9</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FF9182AA6F94E" box="[1103,1217,1692,1714]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">25.1–42.6</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CF9182B31F94E" box="[1340,1366,1692,1714]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="354B34E6FFA1C9D69AE5F94D2B31F923" box="[165,1366,1737,1759]" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
<th id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69AE5F94D2C7DF923" box="[165,538,1737,1759]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">secondary ray (rhaphide) length</th>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69969F94D2D07F923" box="[809,864,1737,1759]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">202</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D699FFF94D2D8CF923" box="[959,1003,1737,1759]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">24</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69E0FF94D2AA6F923" box="[1103,1217,1737,1759]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">141–237</td>
<td id="769A5D9AFFA1C9D69F7CF94D2B31F923" box="[1340,1366,1737,1759]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">50</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA136339A87F8C42CEDFE98" blockId="25.[151,1436,1856,2025]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">
Megascleres (spicule dimensions are given in 
<tableCitation id="C6F9031FFFA136309894F8C42D4CF8A4" box="[724,811,1856,1880]" captionStart="TABLE 6" captionStartId="25.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 6. Body features and spicule dimensions of Regadrella okinoseana, USNM# 1196553, from Aleutian Islands, Alaska (dimensions in µm unless otherwise indicated)." pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Table 6</tableCitation>
): Parenchymal megascleres are thick principal diactins and thin intermediate and comital diactins. Thick diactins are slightly curved, smooth, with slight medial swelling and rounded inflated tips (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA136309B83F80C2C4EF85C" box="[451,553,1928,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13L</figureCitation>
). Thin diactins are similar (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA136309925F80C2DACF85C" box="[869,971,1928,1952]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13K</figureCitation>
) but have acutely pointed tips. Dermalia are mainly hexactins with a very few subhexactins. The primary hexactins are large sword-shaped forms (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA136309F6FF8282BF4F838" box="[1327,1427,1964,1988]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="26">Fig. 13A</figureCitation>
) with straight, robust tapering rays that end in slightly roughened sharp tips. The distal ray is shorter and the proximal ray is much longer than the tangential rays. Smaller hexactins with all rays nearly equal in length (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339F24FF132E89FF28" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Figs. 13 B, C</figureCitation>
) are less abundant. Atrialia are mainly pentactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339963FF382DECFF28" box="[803,907,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13D</figureCitation>
), with a few subhexactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339EFAFF382B79FF28" box="[1210,1310,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13E</figureCitation>
), hexactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339ADFFF5B2F63FF0B" box="[159,260,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13F</figureCitation>
), irregular tetractins, stauractins with two reduced knobs (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA2363399E9FF5B2A74FF0B" box="[937,1043,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13G</figureCitation>
), triactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339ED7FF5B2A98FF0B" box="[1175,1279,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13H</figureCitation>
) and diactins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339ADFFE802E99FEE0" box="[159,254,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13I</figureCitation>
). All atralia have smooth rays that end in slightly rough rounded tips. Parietal oscular membranes have most 
<typeStatus id="54C08806FFA236339A95FEAC2F77FEBC" box="[213,272,296,320]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">types</typeStatus>
of atrialia, but also small stubby hexactins and pentactins and very small distinctive diactins with four central knobs (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339B7CFEC82FFFFE98" box="[316,408,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13J</figureCitation>
) found nowhere else.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF04662CFFA236339AD7FA142CC8F9DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261294" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5261294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261294/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" startId="26.[151,250,1424,1447]" targetBox="[166,1422,409,1403]" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA236339AD7FA142CC8F9DD" blockId="26.[151,1437,1424,1569]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA236339AD7FA142F78FA5B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1424,1447]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFA236339B64FA142C2CFA5A" authority="Ijima" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1896" box="[292,587,1424,1446]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okinoseana">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA236339B64FA142C6AFA5A" box="[292,525,1424,1446]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Regadrella okinoseana</emphasis>
Ijima
</taxonomicName>
, body and distribution map. A. Two faces of the collected dry specimen, missing the attachment base. B. External edge showing the pit/ridge surface pattern typical of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFA2363399A8FA2B2A3FFA39" box="[1000,1112,1455,1477]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA2363399A8FA2B2A3FFA39" box="[1000,1112,1455,1477]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Regadrella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. C. External surface of the wet subsample showing pits with parietal oscula at their centers. D. A parietal osculum in whole mount viewed in transmitted light. E. 
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA236339AF4FA692E91F9FE" box="[180,246,1517,1538]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">In situ</emphasis>
image of the specimen prior to collection; distance between laser marks is 10 cm. F. Known distribution map of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFA236339FC6FA692F6DF9DD" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1896" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okinoseana">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA236339FC6FA692F6DF9DD" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">R. okinoseana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with the new Aleutian Island site added.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA236329A87F9CC2C61FF28" blockId="26.[151,1436,1608,2029]" lastBlockId="27.[151,1436,151,428]" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
Microscleres consist mainly of floricomes, oxystaurasters, and graphiocomes, but oxyhexasters, oxystauractins, and oxydiasters occur in small numbers. Floricomes (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA2363399F1F9E82A7AF978" box="[945,1053,1644,1668]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13M</figureCitation>
) have short smooth primary rays ending in small discs; 7–15 s-shaped terminals originate from each primary disc in a single marginal whorl and together form a perianth. Internal (within perianth) surfaces of the terminals are smooth but the outer surfaces bear a continuous band of small spines extending up under the 2–4 large claws on the outer margin of the terminal swelling. Oxystauractins (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339BFFF9782C40F8E8" box="[447,551,1788,1812]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13N</figureCitation>
) are sturdy microscleres with only four nearly smooth, crucial, primary rays, each of which supports 2–5 longer terminal rays ornamented with reclined spines (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339E0AF8A42AC8F8C4" box="[1098,1199,1824,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13P</figureCitation>
). Oxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339F2EF8A42EAFF8A0" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13O</figureCitation>
) are similar to the staurasters, but bear the full set of six primary rays, each of which carry 3–6 straight or slightly curved rough terminal rays. Graphiocome centers (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA23633997FF8EC2DC0F87C" box="[831,935,1896,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13Q</figureCitation>
) have short, strong, nearly smooth primary rays, each of which ends in a small furry disc entirely covered by the ca 120 short bases of the invariably broken off terminal rays; articulation facets are only 0.2 µm in diameter. The loose terminal rays (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA236339EDEF8342B60F834" box="[1182,1287,1968,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="27.[151,250,1788,1811]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,467,1770]" captionTargetId="figure-265@27.[166,1421,467,1770]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="FIGURE 13. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, spicules (SEM). A. Common large dermal hexactin with enlargements of ray ends. B, C. Less common smaller dermal hexactins with near-equal ray lengths. D. Most common pentactin atrialium. E. Subhexactin atrialium. F. Rare hexactin atrialium. G. Rare stauractin atrialium with short knobs in the axis perpendicular to the page. H. Rare triactin atrialium. I. Rare diactin atrialium. J. Distinctive small diactin oscularium. K. Thin parenchymal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. L. Large parenchymal principal diactin, whole and enlarged center and ray ends. M. Floricome with enlarged primary ray end disc and terminal ray tips. N. Oxystaurasters in facial and side view; O. Oxyhexaster. P. Enlarged terminal ray end of oxystauractin. Q. Graphiocome centrum. R. Whole raphidial graphiocome terminal ray with enlargements of the proximal part." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261296/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 13R</figureCitation>
) are slightly sinuous (perhaps spiralled?) with an articulation base bearing a facet and two teeth; the raphidial ray is completely but sparsely ornamented with small spines, basally proclined and distally reclined. These spicules must be truly spectacular when they are intact.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA336329A87FF5B2C43FE98" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Remarks. Although the body form of the Aleutian Islands specimen differs in many respects from a typical 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFA336329AD7FE802FFEFEE0" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,409,260,284]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okinoseana">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA336329AD7FE802FFEFEE0" box="[151,409,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Regadrella okinoseana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, its spiculation agrees entirely with that species. The site of collection of the new specimen is ca 
<quantity id="4C839B41FFA336329A93FEA32F50FEC3" box="[211,311,295,319]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="km" value="3700.0">3700 km</quantity>
distant from the nearest reported occurrence of 
<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D27FFA33632991DFEAD2D99FEBC" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1896" box="[861,1022,296,320]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Regadrella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="okinoseana">
<emphasis id="B90FEAB6FFA33632991DFEAD2D99FEBC" box="[861,1022,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">R. okinoseana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<collectingCountry id="F36C7634FFA336329E64FEAC2A01FEC3" box="[1060,1126,296,319]" name="Japan" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Japan</collectingCountry>
, and thus represents a very striking range extension (
<figureCitation id="13402A21FFA336329BF3FEC82C70FE98" box="[435,535,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1424,1447]" captionTargetBox="[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetId="figure-414@26.[166,1422,409,1403]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 12. Regadrella okinoseana Ijima, body and distribution map. A. Two faces of the collected dry specimen, missing the attachment base. B. External edge showing the pit/ridge surface pattern typical of Regadrella. C. External surface of the wet subsample showing pits with parietal oscula at their centers. D. A parietal osculum in whole mount viewed in transmitted light. E. In situ image of the specimen prior to collection; distance between laser marks is 10 cm. F. Known distribution map of R. okinoseana, with the new Aleutian Island site added." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5261294" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5261294/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 12F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC436A4FFA336329A87FEEB2BEFFE57" blockId="27.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
Review of all video footage collected with the ROV 'Jason II' indicates that it is an uncommon species occurring singly on mudstone, bedrock and possibly hexactinellid skeletons at depths between 1071 and 
<quantity id="4C839B41FFA336329F6CFE102BE3FE57" box="[1324,1412,404,428]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.395" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="1395.0">1395 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>