161 lines
22 KiB
XML
161 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="7D5B78A73CB4FF72A380D64281B1B9A1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.276783" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cbd0de37-eabb-43d6-bae2-ff7fe53daac6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="276783" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460235511592" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Mah, Christopher L." docDate="2011" docId="03D28792FFE3FFB584E412FF6830846C" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02759p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2759" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pillsburiaster aoteanus McKnight 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FFEBFFEAFFC4FF9D847312686C098034" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698239547451" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="373B52B68B509B03B5CBA9EE78D6383D">
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<mods:title id="570CB11DFF54F5E48003B08F95F69317">Taxonomy of high-latitude Goniasteridae (Subantarctic & Antarctic): one new genus, and three new species with an overview and key to taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="E034ED307789FDFF67AC4BCF443152C3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="CD64A041A8B87E6BADD71BC94CB4FDD3">Mah, Christopher L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="18FEE9AB939A4736BBE00889A193048D">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="260F55F09EEFCB844CB567960FC04570">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="9A2431144F55E5F4FB85E9C7385B09DA">
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<mods:date id="82DB2C72C095763E4CAF1C2FEB547A77">2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3C316830CF196ECD26D7DC026FDC7E26" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="9C89E73A499D771DD301F809ED925EB8">2759</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D90A45B5A6C173EB77C0BDDFE87FED4D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="DCE6ADAF9BF638570A7730C3320447DD" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.276783</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A6F20C3D774A58C18B28F4FA45AAB5F2" type="GBIF-Dataset">cbd0de37-eabb-43d6-bae2-ff7fe53daac6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D319AE27252A4009716085602B2EE69A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4BE800D746A08C06A99A7AEA874FCA6F" type="Zenodo-Dep">276783</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03D28792FFE3FFB584E412FF6830846C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6184371" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119388082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6184371" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D28792FFE3FFB584E412FF6830846C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D28792FFE3FFB584E412FF6830846C" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFE3FFBA84E412FF6D5E80E6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFE3FFBA84E412FF6E768085" blockId="39.[151,639,151,210]" box="[151,639,151,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<heading id="D08C81E8FFE3FFBA84E412FF6E768085" bold="true" box="[151,639,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFE3FFBA84E412FF6E768085" ID-CoL="6VKJP" authority="McKnight, 1973" authorityName="McKnight" authorityYear="1973" box="[151,639,151,177]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pillsburiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aoteanus">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA84E412FF6E768085" bold="true" box="[151,639,151,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA84E412FF6DA78085" bold="true" box="[151,430,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pillsburiaster aoteanus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFE3FFBA85C612FF6E768085" author="McKnight" box="[437,639,151,177]" pageId="39" pageNumber="47" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1973) Additions to the asteroid fauna of New Zealand: Family Goniasteridae. NZOI Records, 1 (13), 171 - 195." type="journal article" year="1973">McKnight, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFE3FFBA84E412D26D5E80E6" blockId="39.[151,639,151,210]" box="[151,343,186,210]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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(
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||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFE3FFBA84ED12D26D1C80E6" box="[158,277,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,577,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,577,1746]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 16. Pillsburiaster aoteanus USNM 1100852. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of granules on abactinal surface. C. Actinal (or oral) surface. D. Lateral side showing marginal plate series (abactinal facing and superomarginals to the left). Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276799/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Figures 16</figureCitation>
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A–D)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C361650FFFE3FFBA84E4136A6FFF8103" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFE3FFBA84E4136A6FFF8103" blockId="39.[151,1338,258,311]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFE3FFBA84E4136A6D4B812C" author="McKnight" box="[151,322,258,280]" pageId="39" pageNumber="47" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1973) Additions to the asteroid fauna of New Zealand: Family Goniasteridae. NZOI Records, 1 (13), 171 - 195." type="journal article" year="1973">McKnight, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 180, fig. 5;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFE3FFBA85B2136B6E71812C" author="Clark" box="[449,632,258,280]" pageId="39" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 276, H.E.S. Clark in
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFE3FFBA8725136A686D812C" author="Clark" box="[854,1124,258,280]" pageId="39" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, H. E. S. & McKnight, D. G. (2001) The Marine Fauna of New Zealand: Echinodermata: Asteroidea (sea-stars), Order Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 117, 1 - 270." type="journal article" year="2001">Clark and McKnight 2001</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 100 (as
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFE3FFBA80CD136B693B812C" box="[1214,1330,259,280]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pillsburiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aoteanus">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA80CD136B693B812C" box="[1214,1330,259,280]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. aoteanus</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
)
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFE3FFBA84E413496D4B8103" author="McKnight" box="[151,322,289,311]" pageId="39" pageNumber="47" refString="McKnight, D. G. (1973) Additions to the asteroid fauna of New Zealand: Family Goniasteridae. NZOI Records, 1 (13), 171 - 195." type="journal article" year="1973">McKnight, 1973</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 185, fig. 7; 1993: 169, 185;
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<bibRefCitation id="EFEA4B75FFE3FFBA8614134A6F1E8103" author="Clark" box="[615,791,289,311]" pageId="39" pageNumber="47" refString="Clark, A. M. (1993) An index of names of recent Asteroidea - Part 2: Valvatida. Echinoderm Studies, 4, 187 - 366." type="journal article" year="1993">A.M. Clark 1993</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 277 (as
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFE3FFBA8702134A6FE78103" box="[881,1006,289,311]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pillsburiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="singletoni">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA8702134A6FE78103" box="[881,1006,289,311]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">P. singletoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFE3FFBA84E4130B6EAC8148" box="[151,677,355,380]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFE3FFBA84E4130B6EAC8148" blockId="39.[151,1437,355,524]" box="[151,677,355,380]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA84E4130B6D398148" bold="true" box="[151,304,355,380]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFE3FFBA8544130D6DC48148" box="[311,461,356,380]" name="New Zealand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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||
area.
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<quantity id="4C839B61FFE3FFBA8662130C6EA88148" box="[529,673,356,380]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.465" metricValueMax="15.73" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="846.5" valueMax="1573.0" valueMin="120.0">120–1573 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C361650FFFE3FFB584B413EF6830846C" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFE3FFBA84B413EF69888238" blockId="39.[151,1437,355,524]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA84B413EF6DB98194" bold="true" box="[199,432,391,416]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFE3FFBA85C513EF6E0E81AB" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[438,519,391,415]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USNM</collectionCode>
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1100852 Campbell Plateau,
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFE3FFBA873413E06FE881AB" box="[839,993,391,415]" name="New Zealand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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.
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFE3FFBA879913EF687881AB" box="[1002,1137,391,415]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="15" value="-49.225002">49°13’30”S</geoCoordinate>
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||
, 171°30’06E,
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||
<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFE3FFBA816213EF695681AB" box="[1297,1375,391,415]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">
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||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFE3FFBA816213EF695281AB" box="[1297,1371,391,415]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="260.0">260 m</quantity>
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||
.
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||
</specimenCount>
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||
Coll. R/V Kayo Maru,
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<date id="FFC51044FFE3FFBA851513C46E0F81F0" box="[358,518,428,452]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1970-12-21">21 Dec. 1970</date>
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||
. (1 dry spec. R=6.3, r=4.0);
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||
<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFE3FFBA872A13C46FA381F0" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[857,938,428,452]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">USNM</collectionCode>
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||
1100862 Campbell Plateau,
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<collectingCountry id="F36C7614FFE3FFBA808813C5699081F0" box="[1275,1433,428,452]" name="New Zealand" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE4F5043FFE3FFBA84E413A76CF281D3" box="[151,251,463,487]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" precision="925" value="-48.666668">48°40’ S</geoCoordinate>
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||
, 170° 48’30”,
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<specimenCount id="9D7DFD0DFFE3FFBA85D313A76DE781D3" box="[416,494,463,487]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" type="generic">
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||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFE3FFBA85D313A76DE081D3" box="[416,489,463,487]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.14" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="814.0">814 m</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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||
Coll.
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<collectionCode id="ED6AAE41FFE3FFBA864013B86E7681DC" box="[563,639,464,488]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/nyq3-3g6s" name="National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">NIWA</collectionCode>
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,
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<date id="FFC51044FFE3FFBA86F913A76F1D81D3" box="[650,788,463,487]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" value="1965-01-20">20 Jan 1965</date>
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. (2 dry specs. R=5.1, r=3.7; R=3.2, r=2.3).
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA84B4139B6D508238" bold="true" box="[199,345,499,524]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Description.</emphasis>
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Body outline pentagonal to weakly pentagonal (R:r=1.3–1.5) (
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<figureCitation id="13402A01FFE3FFBA806A139C68638238" box="[1049,1130,500,524]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,577,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,577,1746]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 16. Pillsburiaster aoteanus USNM 1100852. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of granules on abactinal surface. C. Actinal (or oral) surface. D. Lateral side showing marginal plate series (abactinal facing and superomarginals to the left). Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276799/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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A). Body flat, thickened.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF04660CFFE3FFBA84E4148F6D15870F" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276799/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" targetBox="[151,1433,577,1743]" targetPageId="39">
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||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFE3FFBA84E4148F6D15870F" blockId="39.[151,1437,1767,1851]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA84E4148F6D2986C9" bold="true" box="[151,288,1767,1790]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURE 16.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C7B4D07FFE3FFBA855414806E1C86CA" box="[295,533,1768,1790]" class="Asteroidea" family="Goniasteridae" genus="Pillsburiaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Valvatida" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="aoteanus">
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA855414806E1C86CA" box="[295,533,1768,1790]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Pillsburiaster aoteanus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
USNM 1100852.
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA86A214806EE386C9" bold="true" box="[721,746,1768,1789]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">A.</emphasis>
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||
Abactinal surface.
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA87C214806FC186C9" bold="true" box="[945,968,1768,1789]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">B.</emphasis>
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||
Close up of granules on abactinal surface.
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<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA81F0148F699586CA" bold="true" box="[1411,1436,1767,1790]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">C.</emphasis>
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||
Actinal (or oral) surface.
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||
<emphasis id="B90FEA96FFE3FFBA85E4156F6DB98728" bold="true" box="[407,432,1799,1820]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">D.</emphasis>
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Lateral side showing marginal plate series (abactinal facing and superomarginals to the left). Scale Bar= 0.5 cm.
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</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFE3FFB584B4150A690980E0" blockId="39.[151,1436,1890,2022]" lastBlockId="40.[151,1436,151,1113]" lastPageId="40" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
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Abactinal plates irregular to round in outline with larger plates proximally becoming smaller distally, adjacent to contact with superomarginal series, each plate covered by granules. Abactinal granules, coarse, spherical, round to quadrate in outline, 7–25 per plate. Granules crowded proximally becoming more evenly distributed distally (
|
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<figureCitation id="13402A01FFE3FFBA84EC15A66CE687D2" box="[159,239,1998,2022]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,577,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,577,1746]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 16. Pillsburiaster aoteanus USNM 1100852. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of granules on abactinal surface. C. Actinal (or oral) surface. D. Lateral side showing marginal plate series (abactinal facing and superomarginals to the left). Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276799/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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A, B). Granules size larger proximally but smaller adjacent to contact with superomarginal series becoming denser and nearly identical in size to granules on marginal plate series. Papulae, 4–6 surround each abactinal plate, cover abactinal surface but absent from interradial regions. Fasciolar grooves absent, plates abutting.
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFECFFB584B412B7680181FB" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1113]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Marginal plate series with approximately 1:1 correspondence between superomarginal and inferomarginal series, becoming slightly offset distally as arm becomes upturned (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFECFFB587FD136C6FE88128" box="[910,993,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,577,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,577,1746]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 16. Pillsburiaster aoteanus USNM 1100852. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of granules on abactinal surface. C. Actinal (or oral) surface. D. Lateral side showing marginal plate series (abactinal facing and superomarginals to the left). Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276799/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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D). Each plate convex in cross-section, forming distinct border around abactinal, actinal surface. Superomarginal plates wide, number 30 at R=6.3 (22 at R=5.1). Granules
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFECFFB5851313246DE98150" box="[352,480,332,356]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.81" metricValueMax="4.572" metricValueMin="3.048" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="150.0" valueMax="180.0" valueMin="120.0">120–180 in</quantity>
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||
number, each with rounded, concave surfaces, evenly covering surface. Larger granules present on lateral surface with smaller granules adjacent to abactinal surface, inferomarginal series. Bald area, wide, raised relative to surface of plate, present on each superomarginal plate. Inferomarginal plates wide,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFECFFB5811213FC69958198" box="[1377,1436,404,428]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.128" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="32.0">32 in</quantity>
|
||
number at R=6.3 (24 at R=5.1), covered by evenly distributed granules, round.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFECFFB584E413B4686C8223" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1113]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Granular covering on inferomarginal plates is complete in larger individuals (R>5.0) but a bald patch is present in smaller specimens (R=3.2). No discrete granular series (e.g., peripheral series) present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC43684FFECFFB584B4104C696D8293" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1113]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">
|
||
Actinal surface each angular to quadrate-triangular to irregular in shape. Actinal plates in five to six distinct chevron series. Actinal plate series arrangement becoming more irregular proximal to inferomarginal plate series (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13402A01FFECFFB584EC10046CFB82B0" box="[159,242,620,644]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="39.[151,250,1767,1790]" captionTargetBox="[151,1433,577,1743]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[151,1436,577,1746]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 16. Pillsburiaster aoteanus USNM 1100852. A. Abactinal surface. B. Close up of granules on abactinal surface. C. Actinal (or oral) surface. D. Lateral side showing marginal plate series (abactinal facing and superomarginals to the left). Scale Bar = 0.5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/276799/files/figure.png" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Each plate covered by round granules,
|
||
<quantity id="4C839B61FFECFFB586A210046F2E82B0" box="[721,807,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.858" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="1.016" pageId="40" pageNumber="41" unit="in" value="27.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="4.0">4–50 in</quantity>
|
||
number, evenly to widely spaced over actinal plate surface. Granules larger proximally, becoming smaller and denser adjacent to contact with inferomarginal plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC43684FFECFFB584B410DC6830846C" blockId="40.[151,1436,151,1113]" pageId="40" pageNumber="41">Adambulacral plates wide, separated from actinal plate series by discrete gap. Furrow spines five to six, (four distally) crowded on plate, each relatively thick, rounded-quadrate to triangular in cross-section, Subambulacral spines granular, thick, blunt, in two to three irregular rows of four each, round in outline. Subambulacral spines approximately half to 40% of length, but similar in thickness to furrow spines, distinctly larger from actinal granulation. Smaller irregularly sized granules present among subambulacral granules. Oral plates with nine to ten furrow spines, with one enlarged spine, triangular in cross-section projecting into mouth. Oral plates on each interradius with prominent gap separated by connective tissue. Each gap on oral plate bordered by 10–11 granular spines. Each half oral plate covered with 10–15 additional granules, rounded to prismatic in shape. A pair of enlarged spines, triangular in outline, present on oral plate surface, in addition to enlarged furrow spines projecting in mouth. Total of approximately 50 total granules, quadrate to angular, on each oral plate pair per interradius (i.e., ~25 per plate). Granules on oral plate distinctly larger, more evenly spaced then those on other actinal intermediate plate. Oral plates separated from actinal plates by discrete bare gap between plates.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |