198 lines
20 KiB
XML
198 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.700.11784" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30d1c76a-41e1-4f66-9fb5-460bf381f752" ID-PMC="PMC5711039" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-700-1" ID-PubMed="29358897" ID-ZBK="EBA4322720AD4CFFA04E8D2542DDA3D6" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-700-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 700" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the ant genus Melophorus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" checkinTime="1506009303549" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Heterick, Brian E., Castalanelli, Mark & Shattuck, Steve O." docDate="2017" docId="F05A9A46494D0F3C6FB86AF26AC2E7FD" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 700: 1-420" docOrigin="ZooKeys 700" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.700.11784" docTitle="Melophorus castaneus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="226CE451-5272-4E58-8FFA-71427E4AD8BF" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="84" masterDocId="FF93E60CA711CB7BFF95D521FFFDFF9A" masterDocTitle="Revision of the ant genus Melophorus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)" masterLastPageNumber="420" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="82" updateTime="1668164819442" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the ant genus Melophorus (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Heterick, Brian E.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Castalanelli, Mark</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Shattuck, Steve O.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>700</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>420</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.700.11784</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.700.11784</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-700-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">EBA4322720AD4CFFA04E8D2542DDA3D6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">EBA4322720AD4CFFA04E8D2542DDA3D6</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="150814446" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:226CE451-5272-4E58-8FFA-71427E4AD8BF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F05A9A46494D0F3C6FB86AF26AC2E7FD" lastPageId="83" lastPageNumber="84" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<subSubSection pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/226CE451-5272-4E58-8FFA-71427E4AD8BF" authority="Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus castaneus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">Melophorus castaneus Heterick, Castalanelli & Shattuck</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="81" pageNumber="82">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="types">
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Types.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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Holotype minor worker (bottom ant) from Gawler Ranges, South Australia, 5 October 1972, P.J.
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">M.</taxonomicName>
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Greenslade, (8) [ANIC32-900180] (ANIC). Paratypes: major worker and media worker on same pin and with same details as holotype (ANIC); minor worker from 2 km E of Cowangie
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-35.233334">35°14'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="141.4">141°24'E</geoCoordinate>
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, Victoria, 5 November 1991, S. Shattuck #2617.7 (ANIC); 3 minor workers from Kunoth Paddock, near Alice Springs, Northern Territory, 24-26 September 1980, P.J.
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">M.</taxonomicName>
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Greenslade, Part A., (MCZ); minor worker from Sturt National Park, New South Wales, November 1979, P.J.
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">M.</taxonomicName>
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Greenslade, Traps 2, 40) (BMNH); 2 minor workers from Kunoth Paddock, near Alice Springs, Northern Territory, 24 [September]- 8 October 1974, P.J.
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">M.</taxonomicName>
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Greenslade, G. (QM); minor worker from 105 km N of Yuendumu, Northern Territory, 23 May 1986, P.J.
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">M.</taxonomicName>
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Greenslade, (12), (Mu15) (SAM); media worker from Ethel Creek, Western Australia, 1993-4, P.A. Varris, ID:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus froggatti" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="froggatti">Melophorus froggatti</taxonomicName>
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Forel [sic], Det. by: Heterick, B.E., Date: 14 November 2006, checked against syntype specimen [
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. froggatti" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="froggatti">M. froggatti</taxonomicName>
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is here regarded as a junior synonym of the closely related and similar
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. aeneovirens" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="aeneovirens">M. aeneovirens</taxonomicName>
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-BEH] [ANIC32-004580) (WAM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Other material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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New South Wales: 40 km NNW Louth, Lake Mere (Greenslade, P.J.
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">M.</taxonomicName>
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), Bogan River (Armstrong, J.), CSIRO Lake Mere Field Station, near Louth (Bryannah,
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">M.</taxonomicName>
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). Northern Territory: Kunoth Paddock, near Alice Springs (Greenslade, P.J.
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">M.</taxonomicName>
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), Melville Island (Hoffmann, B.). Queensland: 42 mi NW Julia Creek (Dowse, J.E.), 4 mi ESE Toobeah (Greaves, T.). South Australia: 2.8 km NNW Four Hills Trig. Peake Stn (Stony Desert Survey UB02 [M90]), 7 km NW Morgan (Greenslade, P.J.
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<taxonomicName genus="M." lsidName="M." pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="genus">M.</taxonomicName>
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). Western Australia: Ethel Creek (Varris, P.A. [JDM32-001499]), 10 mi NNW Gordon Downs Homestead (McInnes & Dowse [ANIC32-900085]), 11 km W Terhan Water Hole (Heatwole, H.).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="81" pageNumber="82">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="82" lastPageNumber="83" pageId="81" pageNumber="82">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus castaneus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">Melophorus castaneus</taxonomicName>
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is a member of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. aeneovirens" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="aeneovirens">M. aeneovirens</taxonomicName>
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species-group (in full-face view, the anterior clypeal margin convex, apron-like and covering whole or part of the retracted mandible, except in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. nemophilus" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="nemophilus">M. nemophilus</taxonomicName>
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, the medial clypeal sector often produced so that it is protrusive when seen in profile; the psammophore frequently with coarse and well-separated ammochaetae, these always placed on or just above anterior margin; in profile, the propodeum elongate and oblique or broadly rounded), and the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. aeneovirens" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="aeneovirens">M. aeneovirens</taxonomicName>
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species-complex (in full-face view, psammophore ranged along or just above anterior margin of clypeus and following the curve of the margin; anterior margin of clypeus broadly medially produced, and often with central notch that may be deeply impressed, but is never acuminate at its midpoint; metatibia with maximum of two rows of preapical spines). In
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. castaneus" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" rank="species" species="castaneus">M. castaneus</taxonomicName>
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the tibiae possess stout,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="82" pageNumber="83" start="start">socketed</pageBreakToken>
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, appressed to subdecumbent setae only, with fine, appressed pubescence lacking. In profile, the mesosoma of the minor worker tends to linear in orientation, its dorsal outline straight or describing a weak arc (the mesosternal outline and the dorsum of the mesonotum being weakly convergent to subparallel anteriorly). The minor worker of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus castaneus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">Melophorus castaneus</taxonomicName>
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can readily be distinguished from its nearest relatives (
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. clypeatus" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="clypeatus">M. clypeatus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. praesens" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="praesens">M. praesens</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. rufoniger" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="rufoniger">M. rufoniger</taxonomicName>
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) by the uniformly rounded appearance of the vertex of the head when seen in full-face view, and by the uniformly convex propodeum. The major worker is less distinctive, but generally has the rounded propodeum seen in the minor worker, wheareas the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. praesens" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="praesens">M. praesens</taxonomicName>
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major worker propodeum is more sloping. The major worker clypeus also lacks the well-developed medial flange found in the major worker of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. rufoniger" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="rufoniger">M. rufoniger</taxonomicName>
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and is smaller (HW of the former has a HW of ≤ 2.10mm versus> 3 mm in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. rufoniger" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="rufoniger">M. rufoniger</taxonomicName>
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). The major worker of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. clypeatus" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="clypeatus">M. clypeatus</taxonomicName>
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also has a more protrusive clypeal flange than does the major worker of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. castaneus" pageId="82" pageNumber="83" rank="species" species="castaneus">M. castaneus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="82" pageNumber="83" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="82" pageNumber="83">Minor worker description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="82" pageNumber="83">
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Head. Head approximately oval with straight sides; posterior margin of head strongly convex; frons shining with superficial shagreenation or microreticulation only, or matt or with weak sheen, shagreenate; pilosity of frons a mixture of a few well-spaced, erect setae interspersed with appressed setae only, or consisting exclusively or almost exclusively of well-spaced, appressed setae only (small, erect setae, if present, usually confined to ocular triangle or posterior margin of head). Eye moderate (eye length 0.20-0.49 length of side of head capsule); in full-face view, eyes set above midpoint of head capsule; in profile, eye set anteriad of midline of head capsule; eyes elliptical or slightly reniform. In full-face view, frontal carinae concave; frontal lobes straight in front of antennal insertion. Anteromedial clypeal margin narrowly convex and protruding, clypeal midpoint distinctly notched; clypeal psammophore set at or just above anterior clypeal margin; palp formula 6,4. Five mandibular teeth in minor worker; mandibles triangular, weakly incurved; third mandibular tooth distinctly shorter than apical tooth and teeth numbers two and four; masticatory margin of mandibles approximately vertical or weakly oblique. Mesosoma. Integument of pronotum, mesonotum and mesopleuron moderately shining and shagreenate throughout; anterior mesosoma in profile broadly convex; erect pronotal setae absent; in profile, metanotal groove shallow, broadly V or U-shaped; propodeum shining and finely striolate and microreticulate; propodeum smoothly rounded or with indistinct angle; propodeal dorsum and declivity confluent; erect propodeal setae always absent; appressed propodeal setulae long, each reaching setae behind and in front, but not forming pubescence, or short, separated by more than own length and inconspicuous; propodeal spiracle situated at least twice its width from the declivitous face of propodeum, and shorter (length <0.50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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height of propodeum). Petiole. In profile, petiolar node rectangular, its vertex blunt, directed posteriad; in full-face view, shape of petiolar node uniformly rounded; node shining and smooth with vestigial sculpture. Gaster. Gaster shining, shagreenate ('LP
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<normalizedToken originalValue="record’">record'</normalizedToken>
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appearance); pilosity of first gastral tergite consisting of well-spaced short, inconspicuous, appressed setae only, erect setae always absent. General characters. Colour of foreparts and appendages brown, gaster dark brown.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="83" pageNumber="84" start="start">Major</pageBreakToken>
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worker description.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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Head. Head quadrate (i.e., heart-shaped); posterior margin of head weakly concave; cuticle of frons matt or with weak sheen, microreticulate; pilosity of frons a mixture of a few well-spaced, erect setae interspersed with appressed setae only. Eye moderate (eye length 0.20-0.49 length of head capsule); in full-face view, eyes set above midpoint of head capsule; in profile, eye set anteriad of midline of head capsule; roughly ovoid, eye narrowed posteriad. In full-face view, frontal carinae straight, divergent posteriad; frontal lobes straight in front of antennal insertion. Anterior clypeal margin narrowly convex and protruding anteromedially, clypeal midpoint notched; clypeal psammophore set at or just above anterior clypeal margin; palp formula 6,4. Five to six mandibular teeth in major worker; mandibles triangular, weakly incurved; third mandibular tooth distinctly shorter than apical tooth and teeth numbers two and four; masticatory margin of mandibles approximately aligned vertically or weakly oblique. Mesosoma. Integument of pronotum, mesonotum and mesopleuron with weak to moderate sheen, shagreenate on pronotum and dorsum of mesonotum, otherwise microreticulate; anterior mesosoma in profile broadly convex; erect pronotal setae short, (i.e., shorter than length of eye) and unmodified; in profile, metanotal groove deep, V-shaped; propodeum matt or with a weak sheen and microreticulate; propodeum always smoothly rounded; propodeal dorsum and declivity confluent; erect propodeal setae absent; propodeal spiracle situated on or beside declivitous face of propodeum, and shorter (length less than 0.50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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height of propodeum). Petiole. In profile, petiolar node squamiform; in full-face view, shape of petiolar node uniformly rounded; node shining and smooth with vestigial microreticulation anteriad. Gaster. Gaster shining, shagreenate ('LP
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<normalizedToken originalValue="record’">record'</normalizedToken>
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appearance); pilosity of first gastral tergite consisting of well-spaced, short, thick, erect setae interspersed with minute, appressed setae. General characters. Colour of head and legs reddish-tan, mesosoma brownish-orange, gaster black.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Measurements.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Worker (n = 8): CI 84-111; EI 18-26; EL 0.21-0.37; HL 0.95-1.88; HW 0.79-2.08; ML 1.41-2.25; MTL 0.83-1.41; PpH 0.13-0.27; PpL 0.63-0.93; SI 77-147; SL 1.16-1.60</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="comments">
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<paragraph pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Comments.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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This very typical member of the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. aeneovirens" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="aeneovirens">M. aeneovirens</taxonomicName>
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species-group is distinguished from similar species by the combination of its rounded propodeum (rather angulate in the similar
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. praesens" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="praesens">M. praesens</taxonomicName>
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), the shape of its clypeus (less projecting than in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. rufoniger" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="rufoniger">M. rufoniger</taxonomicName>
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) and the lack of asymmetry in the vertex of the head capsule in the minor worker. The tibiae have socketed setae only, enabling it to be distinguished from morphologically similar populations of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. curtus" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="curtus">M. curtus</taxonomicName>
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. This species is most common in drier habitats, where it is likely to be a generalized forager, and it has a wide distribution in mainland Australia. However, this ant seems to be more common in eastern and central parts of the country. Some workers have been collected in modified habitats such as paddocks and rehabilitated grasslands. No specimens were available for sequencing during this project, but the appearance strongly suggests that the genetics of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. castaneus" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="castaneus">M. castaneus</taxonomicName>
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will eventually prove to be similar to those of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. rufoniger" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="rufoniger">M. rufoniger</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. praesens" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="praesens">M. praesens</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="83" pageNumber="84" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="83" pageNumber="84">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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Latin
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<taxonomicName lsidName="castaneus" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" rank="species" species="castaneus">castaneus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘chestnut’">'chestnut'</normalizedToken>
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[i.e., coloured]); adjective in nominative singular.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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<paragraph pageId="83" pageNumber="84">
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Figure 9.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Melophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melophorus castaneus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="83" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="castaneus">Melophorus castaneus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: major worker paratype (ANIC32-900180-top ant) frons (a), profile (b) and dorsum (c); minor worker holotype (ANIC32-900180-bottom ant) frons (d), profile (e) and dorsum (f); distribution map for the species (g). Low resolution scale bars: 1 mm (b, c); 0.5 mm (a,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d–f">d-f</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |