155 lines
35 KiB
XML
155 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="AD1FA242F58534724CA2B0B9395A6B20" ID-DOI="10.2478/if-2018-0010" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5383379" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630296376118" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Friis, Else Marie, Crane, Peter R. & Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard" docDate="2018" docId="1A4787F5FFA1E10CFF0F6609FB15BE7F" docLanguage="en" docName="10_Friis_135158.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 74 (1 - 2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0010" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.4:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Silutanispermum kvacekiorum Friis & Crane & Pedersen 2018, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="151" masterDocId="E67EFF8DFFB1E11CFFCF6751FFA3BC0C" masterDocTitle="Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal" masterLastPageNumber="158" masterPageNumber="135" pageNumber="151" updateTime="1699219021208" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title id="D56D790F5E6F9E0860B30A39E7F94615">Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="24CE7CE30E457C41693746015054838B">Friis, Else Marie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="959F2A6DAFC1FF30D3CF06166342BF52">Crane, Peter R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="17A7A73F28AF01F98136595CC6DC53A3">Pedersen, Kaj Raunsgaard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D138295541F81DCBD1014A61C95663BC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="2ED07301F838AC5855980DE08F6D50BC">Fossil Imprint</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D9B4E228F77F687A669294EEA460969A">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="76E099A3822EFD1FFDF19435B55CED85">2018-08-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="8C31E68EC74FBDBB6A63F3BBC80EF132">1 - 2</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="0F80C5FAFD776CCE72C1C5910D63743E">http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/if-2018-0010</mods:url>
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<treatment id="1A4787F5FFA1E10CFF0F6609FB15BE7F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A4787F5FFA1E10CFF0F6609FB15BE7F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A4787F5FFA1E10CFF0F6609FB15BE7F" lastPageNumber="151" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
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<subSubSection id="DAF46568FFA1E10CFF0F6609FDB0BD9D" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF0F6609FD63BD7D" blockId="16.[192,704,344,369]" box="[192,704,344,369]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
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<heading id="C919818FFFA1E10CFF0F6609FD63BD7D" box="[192,704,344,369]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="A09AEAF1FFA1E10CFF0F6609FD63BD7D" bold="true" box="[192,704,344,369]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
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<taxonomicName id="55EE4D60FFA1E10CFF0F6609FDB0BD7C" authority="Friis & Crane & Pedersen, 2018" authorityName="Friis & Crane & Pedersen" authorityYear="2018" box="[192,531,344,368]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Illiciaceae" genus="Silutanispermum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Austrobaileyales" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kvacekiorum" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="A09AEAF1FFA1E10CFF0F6609FDB0BD7C" bold="true" box="[192,531,344,368]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Silutanispermum kvacekiorum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="BBA9578AFFA1E10CFDD56608FD63BD7D" box="[538,704,345,369]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFEA36628FDB0BD9D" blockId="16.[364,531,377,401]" box="[364,531,377,401]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
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<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFEA36628FDB0BD9D" box="[364,531,377,401]" captionStart-0="Text-fig" captionStart-1="Text-fig" captionStartId-0="19.[125,206,1504,1525]" captionStartId-1="20.[147,228,1507,1528]" captionTargetBox-0="[125,1440,151,1477]" captionTargetBox-1="[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetId-0="figure-187@19.[125,1440,151,1477]" captionTargetId-1="figure-134@20.[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="Text-fig. 11. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a, b) Holotype (S170238), seed in oblique (a) and lateral (b) view showing large triangular hilar scar (hi) and transverse micropylar slit (mi). c) Oblique view of seed showing slightly raised raphal area (S174352); remains of mounting media (¤). d) Details of holotype showing triangular hilum (hi) and transverse micropylar slit in the exotesta (mi). e) Cut volume rendering of holotype (cut at yz1170) through the median plane showing hilum (hi) and micropylar slit (mi) lined by radially expanded exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d, e)." captionText-1="Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e)." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383397" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383399" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5383397/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5383399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-figs 11–12</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="DAF46568FFA1E10CFF6966F8FB15BE7F" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" type="description">
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF6966F8FD5CBDED" blockId="16.[129,767,425,481]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
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H o l o t y p e. Designated here, S170238 (Famalicão sample 025; illustrated here on
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<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFE036698FD06BDEC" box="[460,677,457,481]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1504,1525]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-187@19.[125,1440,151,1477]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 11. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a, b) Holotype (S170238), seed in oblique (a) and lateral (b) view showing large triangular hilar scar (hi) and transverse micropylar slit (mi). c) Oblique view of seed showing slightly raised raphal area (S174352); remains of mounting media (¤). d) Details of holotype showing triangular hilum (hi) and transverse micropylar slit in the exotesta (mi). e) Cut volume rendering of holotype (cut at yz1170) through the median plane showing hilum (hi) and micropylar slit (mi) lined by radially expanded exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d, e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-figs 11a, b, d, e</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFD606698FD51BDED" box="[687,754,457,481]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="20.[147,228,1507,1528]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-134@20.[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">12a, b</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF6966A8FD5EBE1C" blockId="16.[129,765,504,561]" box="[166,765,504,529]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">P l a n t F o s s i l N a m e s R e g i s t r y N u m b e r.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF4E6548FE64BE3C" blockId="16.[129,765,504,561]" box="[129,455,536,561]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">PFN000099 (for new species).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF696519FEA8BE8C" blockId="16.[129,767,584,640]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">P a r a t y p e s. Designated here, S174352 (Famalicão sample 025).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF6965C9FEFEBEFC" blockId="16.[129,768,663,752]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
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<materialsCitation id="22863CBEFFA1E10CFF6965C9FEFABEFC" collectionCode="R" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" location="Palaeobotanical Collections" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Stockholm">
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<collectionCode id="F4FFAE26FFA1E10CFF6965C9FF1BBEA3" box="[166,184,664,687]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">R</collectionCode>
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e p o s i t o r y.
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<location id="97316038FFA1E10CFE9565C6FDDFBEA3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A4787F5FFA1E10CFF0F6609FB15BE7F:97316038FFA1E10CFE9565C6FDDFBEA3" box="[346,636,663,687]" country="Sweden" county="Swedish Museum of Natural History" municipality="Department of Palaeobiology" name="Palaeobotanical Collections" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" stateProvince="Stockholm">Palaeobotanical Collections</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="7235AC99FFA1E10CFD4B65C9FE9ABEDC" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Department of Palaeobiology</collectingMunicipality>
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, the
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<collectingCounty id="7B304E6FFFA1E10CFEA265E9FD58BEDC" box="[365,763,696,720]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Swedish Museum of Natural History</collectingCounty>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="502AF801FFA1E10CFF4E6589FF54BEFC" box="[129,247,728,752]" country="Sweden" name="Stockholm" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Stockholm</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EAF97673FFA1E10CFECE6589FEFABEFC" box="[257,345,728,752]" name="Sweden" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Sweden</collectingCountry>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF696459FD45BF33" blockId="16.[129,767,775,832]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">E t y m o l o g y. In recognition of Zlatko and Jiří Kvaček for their many contributions to angiosperm palaeobotany.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF696406FD5CBF62" blockId="16.[129,767,853,911]" box="[166,767,853,879]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
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<materialsCitation id="22863CBEFFA1E10CFF696406FD5CBF62" box="[166,767,853,879]" collectionCode="T" country="Portugal" latitude="39.704445" location="Famalicao" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="F4FFAE26FFA1E10CFF696406FF15BF62" box="[166,182,855,878]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">T</collectionCode>
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y p e l o c a l i t y.
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<location id="97316038FFA1E10CFE446406FE5EBF63" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:1A4787F5FFA1E10CFF0F6609FB15BE7F:97316038FFA1E10CFE446406FE5EBF63" box="[395,509,855,879]" country="Portugal" latitude="39.704445" name="Famalicao" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Famalicão</location>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="EAF97673FFA1E10CFDC46406FDC6BF63" box="[523,613,855,879]" name="Portugal" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Portugal</collectingCountry>
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(
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<geoCoordinate id="F7DA5024FFA1E10CFDB76404FD58BF62" box="[632,763,853,878]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="42" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" precision="15" seconds="16" value="39.704445">39°42′16″N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF4E6427FEABBF83" blockId="16.[129,767,853,911]" box="[129,264,886,911]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
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<geoCoordinate id="F7DA5024FFA1E10CFF4E6427FF5EBF83" box="[129,253,886,911]" degrees="8" direction="west" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-8.7699995">8°46′12″W</geoCoordinate>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF6964F6FF47BFF3" blockId="16.[129,768,934,1023]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">T y p e s t r a t u m a n d a g e. Below the Figueira da Foz Formation; Early Cretaceous (late Aptian – early Albian or older).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF696346FDA7B823" blockId="16.[166,516,1046,1071]" box="[166,516,1046,1071]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">D i a g n o s i s. As for the genus.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF696317FEF3B871" blockId="16.[129,767,1094,1150]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
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D i m e n s i o n s. Length of seeds: 1.6–2.0 mm; width of seeds:
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<quantity id="55169B06FFA1E10CFF076337FEEFB871" box="[200,332,1126,1150]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="16" pageNumber="151" unit="mm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.9 mm</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF6963C7FE9DB9C3" blockId="16.[129,768,1173,2100]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
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||
D e s c r i p t i o n a n d r e m a r k s. The species is based on two isolated seeds that were studied using SRXTM (S170238, 174352). There is no information on the fruits in which the seeds were borne. The seeds are small, anatropous, bitegmic and exotestal with bilateral symmetry. They are elliptic in lateral view (
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<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFE5F6267FD9AB943" box="[400,569,1334,1359]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1504,1525]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-187@19.[125,1440,151,1477]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 11. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a, b) Holotype (S170238), seed in oblique (a) and lateral (b) view showing large triangular hilar scar (hi) and transverse micropylar slit (mi). c) Oblique view of seed showing slightly raised raphal area (S174352); remains of mounting media (¤). d) Details of holotype showing triangular hilum (hi) and transverse micropylar slit in the exotesta (mi). e) Cut volume rendering of holotype (cut at yz1170) through the median plane showing hilum (hi) and micropylar slit (mi) lined by radially expanded exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d, e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-fig. 11a–c</figureCitation>
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) and elliptical to circular in transverse section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFE1C6206FD20B963" box="[467,643,1367,1391]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="20.[147,228,1507,1528]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-134@20.[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-fig. 12c, d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The seed surface is smooth with a jigsaw puzzle-shaped pattern formed from the slightly raised undulate anticlinal walls of the exotesta cells.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF696289FD38BB3E" blockId="16.[129,768,1173,2100]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
|
||
The micropyle and hilum are very close together and slightly displaced towards the raphal side of the seed (Textfig. 11a–d). The hilum is rounded triangular in outline without a hilar rim (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFE9D6169FE7DBA5C" box="[338,478,1592,1616]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1504,1525]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-187@19.[125,1440,151,1477]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 11. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a, b) Holotype (S170238), seed in oblique (a) and lateral (b) view showing large triangular hilar scar (hi) and transverse micropylar slit (mi). c) Oblique view of seed showing slightly raised raphal area (S174352); remains of mounting media (¤). d) Details of holotype showing triangular hilum (hi) and transverse micropylar slit in the exotesta (mi). e) Cut volume rendering of holotype (cut at yz1170) through the median plane showing hilum (hi) and micropylar slit (mi) lined by radially expanded exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d, e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-fig. 11d</figureCitation>
|
||
). The course of the raphe is seen on the seed surface as a slightly raised ridge that is also distinctive in its transversely aligned cells. The micropyle is formed from the inner integument and is marked on the outside by a transverse, slightly undulate slit in the testa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFF486188FEB9BAFD" box="[135,282,1753,1777]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="19.[125,206,1504,1525]" captionTargetBox="[125,1440,151,1477]" captionTargetId="figure-187@19.[125,1440,151,1477]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Text-fig. 11. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, volume renderings). a, b) Holotype (S170238), seed in oblique (a) and lateral (b) view showing large triangular hilar scar (hi) and transverse micropylar slit (mi). c) Oblique view of seed showing slightly raised raphal area (S174352); remains of mounting media (¤). d) Details of holotype showing triangular hilum (hi) and transverse micropylar slit in the exotesta (mi). e) Cut volume rendering of holotype (cut at yz1170) through the median plane showing hilum (hi) and micropylar slit (mi) lined by radially expanded exotestal cells. Scale bars = 500 µm (a–c); 250 µm (d, e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383397" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383397/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-figs 11d</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFEE66188FEF7BAFD" box="[297,340,1753,1777]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="20.[147,228,1507,1528]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-134@20.[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">12b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Internally the micropylar slit is lined by tall cells of the exotesta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFE7A61ABFDFEBB1E" box="[437,605,1786,1810]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="20.[147,228,1507,1528]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-134@20.[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-fig. 12a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
) and there is a tendency towards a Y-shaped branching internally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFF69606BFB5FBDFE" blockId="16.[129,768,1173,2100]" lastBlockId="16.[843,1482,152,627]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
|
||
The seed coat is composed of a thick exotesta, a thick mesotesta/endotesta, and a thin tegmen. The exotesta consists of a single layer of tall, columnar sclerenchyma cells that are about 65 µm tall over most of the seed (Textfig. 12a, c–e) but taper out in the micropylar region (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFD6C60EAFF09BBF8" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="20.[147,228,1507,1528]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-134@20.[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-fig. 12a</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells are thickened, and of almost even thickness from the outside to the inside, resulting in an almost straight lumen (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFDD46F4DFD60B438" box="[539,707,2076,2100]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="20.[147,228,1507,1528]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-134@20.[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-fig. 12c–e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The anticlinal walls are strongly undulate towards the outside and the inside forming stellate-undulate facets and a jigsaw puzzle-like pattern with rounded, undivided lobes on the seed surface; except over the raphe where the cell walls are straight and the facets are polygonal. The mesotesta/ endotesta is as thick as the exotesta, about 65 µm over most of the seed, and consists of up to five layers of large rectangular, tangentially elongated parenchyma cells, (Textfig. 12c–e). The mesotesta/endotesta is thickest around the raphe and close to the hilar region it is up to about 180 µm thick (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFC41668BFBB8BDFE" box="[910,1051,474,498]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="20.[147,228,1507,1528]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-134@20.[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-fig. 12c</figureCitation>
|
||
). The tegmen is thin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="925136E3FFA1E10CFCBE66ABFB15BE7F" blockId="16.[843,1482,152,627]" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">
|
||
Nutritive tissue is well preserved in one of the specimens studied using SRXTM (S174352). It is cellular, consisting of isodiametric cells, about 55 µm in diameter, with thin, straight, cell walls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="0AD52A66FFA1E10CFBD4650AFB09BE7F" box="[1051,1194,603,627]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="20.[147,228,1507,1528]" captionTargetBox="[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetId="figure-134@20.[147,1462,151,1480]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Text-fig. 12. Silutanispermum kvacekiorum gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz1170) through the median plane of the seed (S170238) in the micropylar region showing exotestal cells lining the micropylar slit (mi) and hilum (hi); note the well-preserved mesotestal cells (me). b) Longitudinal orthoslice (xz0805) of seed perpendicular to the median plane through the micropylar region showing the transverse micropylar slit (mi) lined by radiating exotestal cells; note abundant mesotestal cells (me). c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0768) through seed below hilum and micropyle showing exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) that is strongly developed along the raphe (ra) (S174352). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy2113) through middle of the seed showing well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with empty cells; note that the raphe (ra) is enclosed in mesotestal tissue (S174352). e) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0970) through seed coat showing exotesta (ex) of tall palisade-shaped cells and thick mesotesta (me) of low cells (S174352). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, c, d); 250 µm (b); 125 µm (e)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5383399" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5383399/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="151">Text-fig. 12d</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |