185 lines
17 KiB
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185 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071" ID-GBIF-Dataset="16e49379-c3df-4587-85a4-5f8b083cb79c" ID-PMC="PMC7892531" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1016-49" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A0E84531AFDD55CE83CE1920DE511C0B" ID-PubMed="33628078" ID-ZooBank="E25A831ECDAB40609B5F17C22EB3EFC4" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1016-49" checkinTime="1613177956461" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gonzalez-Vallejo, Norma Emilia & Amador-Carrillo, Stephanie" docDate="2021" docId="E422A22421B45007BB165FE591C3ED61" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1016: 49-61" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1016" docPubDate="2021-02-11" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071" docTitle="Megadenus smithi González-Vallejo & Amador-Carrillo 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B1F27E92-096F-4D99-8697-EBA5F1CDD2B2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="A0E84531AFDD55CE83CE1920DE511C0B" lastPageNumber="49" masterDocId="A0E84531AFDD55CE83CE1920DE511C0B" masterDocTitle="Assessment of Megadenus holothuricola Rosen, 1910 (Eulimidae), an endoparasite of Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875 (Holothuriidae) in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the description a new species" masterLastPageNumber="61" masterPageNumber="49" pageNumber="49" updateTime="1668149784595" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Assessment of Megadenus holothuricola Rosen, 1910 (Eulimidae), an endoparasite of Holothuria mexicana Ludwig, 1875 (Holothuriidae) in the southern Gulf of Mexico and the description a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gonzalez-Vallejo, Norma Emilia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Depto. Sistematica y Ecologia Acuatica, Av. Centenario km. 5.5 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, CP. 77014, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">negv0707@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Amador-Carrillo, Stephanie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Depto. Sistematica y Ecologia Acuatica, Av. Centenario km. 5.5 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, CP. 77014, Mexico</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-02-11</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1016</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>49</mods:start>
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<mods:end>61</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1016-49</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E25A831ECDAB40609B5F17C22EB3EFC4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">A0E84531AFDD55CE83CE1920DE511C0B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="results">
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="177383285" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B1F27E92-096F-4D99-8697-EBA5F1CDD2B2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E422A22421B45007BB165FE591C3ED61" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B1F27E92-096F-4D99-8697-EBA5F1CDD2B2" authority="González-Vallejo & Amador-Carrillo, 2021" authorityName="González-Vallejo & Amador-Carrillo" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Eulimidae" genus="Megadenus" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadenus smithi" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="smithi" status="sp. nov.">Megadenus smithi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="49">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megadenus smithi sp. nov. A holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR- 0234) SL = 6.5 mm x 4.0 mm wide B paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm. x 3.5 mm wide C pedal gland view D distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Fig. 3A-D</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Holotype</emphasis>
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(ECOSUR-0234) female; paratypes (ECOSUR-0235) two males, one juvenile from the type locality found attached in the cloacal chamber of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jaeger" authorityYear="1833" class="Gastropoda" family="Holothuriidae" genus="Holothuria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holothuria (Halodeima) atra" order="Aspidochirotida" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="atra" subGenus="Halodeima">Holothuria (Halodeima) atra</taxonomicName>
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Jaeger, 1833 collected on 11 September 2011 by J Smith.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="type locality">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Palmyra Atoll, Central Pacific Ocean, shallow water in reef lagoon.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">This species is being named after the collector Mr. J. Smith, as a means of recognition, for his sampling efforts.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Known only from the type locality.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Female shell globose to conical, transparent, fragile, glassy, colorless, fine incremental axial stria; apex mucronate glassy white not tilt; proboscis slightly dark; large pedal gland.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Shell</emphasis>
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globose, translucent, thin, fragile, colorless, smooth sculpture, with fine axial striae, several growth scars of earlier outer lip positions are irregularly spaced, suture impressed. Adult shell 6.5 mm long; 4.0 mm wide; body whorl 4.5 mm long (holotype Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megadenus smithi sp. nov. A holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR- 0234) SL = 6.5 mm x 4.0 mm wide B paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm. x 3.5 mm wide C pedal gland view D distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3A</figureCitation>
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). Teleoconch 5.5 convex whorls, three flat, small post-larval whorls, the penultimate whorl 1.0 mm. Aperture broad, inner lip smooth, concave at base, outer lip simple, slightly curved in most protruding part. Protoconch mucronate, two whorls, glassy white, no operculum or periostracum; sexually dimorphic, male with a penis behind the eye, female is 30% larger than male (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megadenus smithi sp. nov. A holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR- 0234) SL = 6.5 mm x 4.0 mm wide B paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm. x 3.5 mm wide C pedal gland view D distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3B</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Soft tissues</emphasis>
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pale cream with reddish pigmentation, seen through transparent shell. Pseudopallium cauldron-shaped in sub-adults arising from the aperture and covering large part of shell, or short mantle folds not covering female shells, smooth. When skin was removed, a thick, rounded pedal gland was visible in the aperture (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megadenus smithi sp. nov. A holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR- 0234) SL = 6.5 mm x 4.0 mm wide B paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm. x 3.5 mm wide C pedal gland view D distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3C</figureCitation>
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). Head with a pair of thick long tentacles and black eyes; penis large, placed behind right eye in males.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thieme" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Proboscis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proboscis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Proboscis</taxonomicName>
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slightly dark colored, retractile, separate from the pseudopallium by a deep constriction.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Thieme" authorityYear="1907" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Proboscis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Proboscis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Proboscis</taxonomicName>
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skin slightly contracted after fixation, forming a thick disc with the mouth distally (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Megadenus smithi sp. nov. A holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR- 0234) SL = 6.5 mm x 4.0 mm wide B paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm. x 3.5 mm wide C pedal gland view D distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B); 0.6 mm (C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">3D</figureCitation>
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), almost as long as whole specimen. No egg capsules or juveniles were found.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="49" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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The new species shares several shell and morphological traits with the other five congeneric species. A comparison of the most important structures, almost all based on the literature, is provided in Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparison of the main character states separating the species of Megadenus. The information provided is based on literature (Schepman and Nierstrasz 1913; Humphreys and Luetzen 1972; Bouchet and Luetzen 1980; Takano et al. 2017). For M. holothuricola and M. smithi sp. nov. data obtained from specimens." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/10F1725D01C73D5F203F794640F57A9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" tableUuid="10F1725D01C73D5F203F794640F57A9F">1</tableCitation>
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.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="González-Vallejo & Amador-Carrillo" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Eulimidae" genus="Megadenus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadenus smithi" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="smithi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Megadenus smithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. resembles
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. voeltzkowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. voeltzkowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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because both have a tall shell (6.5 mm), a swollen and more convex penultimate whorl than
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. holothuricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="holothuricola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. holothuricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. atrae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="atrae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. atrae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The protoconch in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. holothuricola" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="holothuricola">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. holothuricola</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is transparent, 1.5 whorls, and is slightly wider than high, while in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. smithi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="smithi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. smithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. it is two whorls higher than wide much like in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. cantharelloides" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="cantharelloides">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. cantharelloides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. voeltzkowi" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="voeltzkowi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. voeltzkowi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="M. atrae" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" rank="species" species="atrae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">M. atrae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. However, the latter has a slightly tilted protoconch axis.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bouchet & Lutzen" authorityYear="1980" class="Gastropoda" family="Eulimidae" genus="Megadenus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadenus oneirophantae" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="oneirophantae">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Megadenus oneirophantae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has a long thin proboscis, the pseudopallium is missing, and the species exhibits a marked sexual dimorphism with a dwarf male.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1016.55071.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/507833" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="49">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="González-Vallejo & Amador-Carrillo" authorityYear="2021" class="Gastropoda" family="Eulimidae" genus="Megadenus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadenus smithi" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="49" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="smithi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">Megadenus smithi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
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holotype female in apertural and posterior views (ECOSUR-0234) SL = 6.5 mm
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4.0 mm wide
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
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paratype male in apertural and lateral view, showing the tentacles SL = 4.0 mm.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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3.5 mm wide
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
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pedal gland view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
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distal open proboscis view. Scale bars: 1.2 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">A</emphasis>
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); 1.0 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">B</emphasis>
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); 0.6 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">C</emphasis>
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); 0.5 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="49">D</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</subSection>
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</document> |