250 lines
30 KiB
XML
250 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.235.3885" ID-GBIF-Dataset="60feba82-1f36-4df3-a163-5ea5f76d8145" ID-PMC="PMC3496919" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-235-51" ID-PubMed="23226963" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2012" ModsDocID="1313-2970-235-51" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 235" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of Phrynopus (Anura, Strabomantidae) from high elevations in the Yanachaga-Chemillén National park in Peru (Departamento de Pasco)" checkinTime="1451248612226" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Lehr, Edgar, Moravec, Jiri & Cusi, Juan Carlos" docDate="2012" docId="E1B2C5B253F77CF171029E40523AB39D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 235: 51-71" docOrigin="ZooKeys 235" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.235.3885" docTitle="Phrynopus badius Lehr, Moravec & Cusi, 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="FFDFFFC5FF8DFFA8C5002834FF88FFC9" masterDocTitle="Two new species of Phrynopus (Anura, Strabomantidae) from high elevations in the Yanachaga-Chemillen National park in Peru (Departamento de Pasco)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1668154644326" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two new species of Phrynopus (Anura, Strabomantidae) from high elevations in the Yanachaga-Chemillen National park in Peru (Departamento de Pasco)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lehr, Edgar</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Moravec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Cusi, Juan Carlos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>235</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>71</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.235.3885</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.235.3885</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-235-51</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152037598" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB17180B-BD8F-40AB-80B6-B472E9D29F81" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E1B2C5B253F77CF171029E40523AB39D" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB17180B-BD8F-40AB-80B6-B472E9D29F81" class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="52">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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(Figs 4-7) MUSM 31099, an adult gravid female from Quebrada Yanachaga (ca.
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-10.379534">10°22.772'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-75.46195">75°27.717'W</geoCoordinate>
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), 2900 m elevation,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Yanachaga-Chemillén">Yanachaga-Chemillen</normalizedToken>
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National Park (Sector San Daniel), Distrito de Huancabamba, Provincia de Oxapampa, Departamento de Pasco, Peru, collected on 19 January 2012 by Edgar Lehr, Jiri Moravec, and Juan Carlos Cusi.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="paratype">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Paratype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">FMNH 282818, an adult, gravid female, collected along with the holotype.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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A species of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phrynopus</taxonomicName>
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having the following combination of characters: (1) Skin on dorsum shagreen with small scattered tubercles, flanks tuberculate, skin on venter weakly areolate; discoidal fold absent, thoracic fold present; short postocular fold present, elongate tubercles forming discontinous dorsolateral ridges; (2) tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus absent; (3) snout rounded in dorsal and lateral views; (4) upper eyelid without enlarged tubercles; width of upper eyelid narrower than IOD; cranial crests absent; (5) dentigerous processes of vomers absent; (6) condition of vocal slits and nuptial pads unknown (no males found); (7) Finger I shorter than Finger II; tips of digits rounded; (8) fingers without lateral fringes; (9) ulnar and tarsal tubercles absent; (10) heel with minute tubercles; inner tarsal fold absent; (11) inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, about twice as large as rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles absent; (12) toes without lateral fringes; basal webbing absent; Toe V shorter than Toe III; toe tips rounded (except for slightly pointed Toe IV), about as large as those on fingers; (13) in life, dorsum reddish brown or dark grayish brown, venter dark brown with scattered minute white dots, groin dark brown with bright orange flecks on its lower half and a dark brown inguinal bar on its upper half; (14) SVL in females 19.1-21.0 mm (n = 2).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="1" pageNumber="52">
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The assignment of the new species to
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phrynopus</taxonomicName>
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is based on the structure of the digital discs that lack circumferential groves as well as the overall morphological similarity with the other members of the genus.
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="1" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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is readily distinguished from its congeners by its small size, by having discontinuous dorsolateral ridges, and
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="53" start="start">by</pageBreakToken>
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having the dorsum reddish brown or dark grayish brown and the venter dark brown with scattered minute white dots, groin dark brown with bright orange flecks on its lower half and a dark brown inguinal bar on its upper half.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="54" start="start">Furthermore</pageBreakToken>
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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differs from those species of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phrynopus</taxonomicName>
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(auriculatus, montium, peruanus) that have a tympanum (absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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), and from those species (dagmarae, horstpauli, kotosh, miroslawae, nicoleae, vestigiatus) that have dentigerous processes of vomers (absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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shares with eight other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phrynopus</taxonomicName>
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(bracki, dagmarae, heimorum, interstinctus, nicoleae, paucari, peruanus, vestigiatus) an aposematic coloration consisting of red, orange, salmon or flesh coloured blotches in the groin. However, none of these species has the venter dark brown with scattered minute white dots, groin dark brown with bright orange flecks on its lower half, and a dark brown inguinal bar on its upper half.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="3" pageNumber="54">
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Six other species of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Phrynopus</taxonomicName>
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have been recorded from the YCNP. Those are
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus auriculatus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">Phrynopus auriculatus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" pagination="59 - 66" title="Two new minute species of Phrynopus (Lissamphibia: Anura) from the Cordillera oriental in Peru." volume="1675" year="2008">Duellman and Hedges 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, at 2600 m),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus bracki" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Hedges, SB" journalOrPublisher="Copeia" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" pagination="108 - 112" title="A new species of Phrynopus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Peru." url="10.2307/1445826" volume="1990" year="1990">Hedges 1990</bibRefCitation>
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, at 2600 m),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus curator" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curator">Phrynopus curator</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (this paper, 3000 m),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus miroslawae" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miroslawae">Phrynopus miroslawae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Chaparro, JC" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" pagination="49 - 58" title="Two sympatric new species of Phrynopus (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Yanachaga Chemillen National Park (central Peruvian Andes)." volume="1761" year="2008">Chaparro et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, at 3363 m),
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus nicoleae" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicoleae">Phrynopus nicoleae</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Chaparro, JC" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" pagination="49 - 58" title="Two sympatric new species of Phrynopus (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Yanachaga Chemillen National Park (central Peruvian Andes)." volume="1761" year="2008">Chaparro et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, at 3589 m),and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus tribulosus" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tribulosus">Phrynopus tribulosus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Duellman, WE" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" pagination="59 - 66" title="Two new minute species of Phrynopus (Lissamphibia: Anura) from the Cordillera oriental in Peru." volume="1675" year="2008">Duellman and Hedges 2008</bibRefCitation>
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, at 2600 m).
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus miroslawae" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miroslawae">Phrynopus miroslawae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus nicoleae" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicoleae">Phrynopus nicoleae</taxonomicName>
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are from the puna of Santa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Bárbara">Barbara</normalizedToken>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Chaparro, JC" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" pagination="49 - 58" title="Two sympatric new species of Phrynopus (Anura: Strabomantidae) from Yanachaga Chemillen National Park (central Peruvian Andes)." volume="1761" year="2008">Chaparro et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
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) which is located west of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Pozuzo, whereas all others are recorded east of the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Huancabamba (see Fig. 3).
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="54" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="55" start="start">lacks</pageBreakToken>
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a tympanum (present in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus auriculatus" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">Phrynopus auriculatus</taxonomicName>
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), does not have Toe I vestigial (vestigial in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus bracki" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
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), has groin dark brown with orange flecks on its lower half and a dark inguinal bar on its upper half (groin grayish brown in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus curator" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curator">Phrynopus curator</taxonomicName>
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), lacks X-shaped dorsal ride and dentigerous processes of vomers (both present in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus nicoleae" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicoleae">Phrynopus nicoleae</taxonomicName>
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), lacks dorsolateral folds (prominent in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus miroslawae" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="miroslawae">Phrynopus miroslawae</taxonomicName>
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), and has the dorsum reddish brown or dark grayish brown (green in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus tribulosus" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tribulosus">Phrynopus tribulosus</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus bracki" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
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are similar in being small (SVL 21.0 mm in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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vs. 19.8 mm in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus bracki" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
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, Duellman and Lehr, 2009) and in having a predominately dark brown coloration. However, both can be distinguished as follows:
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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lacks a discoidal fold and dentigerous processes of vomers (both present in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus bracki" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
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), fingers without lateral fringes (present in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus bracki" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
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), ulnar tubercles not coalesced into a ridge (ridge present in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus bracki" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
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), Toe V shorter than Toe III (Toe V longer than Toe III in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus bracki" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
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), Toe I longer than wide (Toe I as long as wide, vestigial in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus bracki" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
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), iris predominately black with fine bronze reticulations and red ringlet around pupil (iris bronze in
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus bracki" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bracki">Phrynopus bracki</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Head narrower than body, slightly wider than long, HW 101.2% of HL; HW 34.0% of SVL; HL 33.5% of SVL; snout short, rounded in dorsal and lateral views (Figs 4, 5), ED larger than E-N distance; nostrils protuberant, directed dorsolaterally; canthus rostralis short, slightly concave in dorsal view, rounded in profile; loreal region slightly concave; lips rounded; upper eyelid without enlarged tubercles; EW narrower than IOD (EW 60.9% of IOD); supratympanic fold short and low, extending from posterior corner of eye to level of jaw articulation, barely distinguishable in preservation; tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus absent; postrictal tubercles indistinguishable from surrounding tuberculation. Choanae small, ovoid, not concealed by palatal shelf of maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomers absent; tongue narrow and long, much longer than wide, not notched posteriorly, posterior half free.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="55">Skin on dorsum shagreen with small scattered tubercles, short postocular fold present, elongate tubercles forming discontinuous dorsolateral ridges; skin on flanks tuberculate; skin on throat smooth, that on chest and belly weakly areolate; discoidal fold absent, thoracic fold present; cloacal sheath short; large tubercles absent in cloacal region. Outer surface of forearm without minute tubercles; outer and inner palmar tubercles low, ovoid, outer about twice the size of inner palmar tubercle; supernumerary tubercles indistinct in preservative; subarticular tubercles low, barely discernible except for prominent, ovoid subarticular tubercles on base of fingers; fingers without lateral fringes; Finger I shorter than Finger II; tips of digits rounded, lacking marginal grooves (Fig. 7A).</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="4" pageNumber="55">
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Hind limbs short and robust, TL 37.2% of SVL; FL 41.4.9% of SVL; upper surface of hind limbs tuberculate; posterior and ventral surfaces of thighs areolate; heel with minute tubercles; outer surface of tarsus with small tubercles; inner metatarsal tubercle ovoid, about twice as large as rounded outer metatarsal tubercle; supernumerary plantar tubercles absent; subarticular tubercles low, ovoid in dorsal view; toes without lateral fringes; basal webbing absent; toe tips rounded (except for pointed tip of Toe IV), lacking marginal grooves, about as large as those on fingers; relative lengths of toes: 1 <2 <3> 5 <4; Toe V shorter than Toe III, Toe I less than half the size of Toe II (Fig. 7B)
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="56" start="start">.</pageBreakToken>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Measurements (in mm) of holotype:SVL 19.1; TL 7.1; FL 7.9; HL 6.4; HW 6.5; ED 2.1; IOD 2.3; EW 1.4; IND 1.9; E-N 1.5.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="coloration of holotype in life">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Coloration of holotype in life.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">(Fig. 4): Dorsum dark grayish brown with white dots and reddish brown mottling; narrow, dark brown interorbital bar and a dark brown blotch on each side in the scapular region; dorsal surface of forearms with a dark brown bar; hind legs each with three dark brown diagonal stripes; ill-defined dark brown canthal stripe, supratympanic stripe broad, dark brown and outlined by tan; broad, dark brown bar on upper lip below eye bordered by narrow, tan stripe on each side; flanks coloured as dorsum with broad diagonal stripe at the anterior half; axilla dark brown with a small orange fleck; groin dark brown with orange flecks on its lower half and a dark inguinal bar on its upper half extending onto dorsal surface of thigh; posterior surfaces of thighs and concealed surfaces of shanks dark brown with few white dots; throat reddish brown with white dots; chest, belly, and extremities dark brown with white dots; fingers and toes gray, palmar and plantar surfaces gray with white mottling; iris predominately black with fine bronze reticulations and red ringlet around pupil.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="coloration of holotype in preservative">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Coloration of holotype in preservative.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">(Figs 5A, B): As described above but slightly paler and orange coloration being white; iris gray.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="variation">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Variation.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">The female paratype (Fig. 6) is larger than the holotype, less tuberculate, and has elongate tubercles forming ill-defined dorsolateral ridges restricted to the anterior half of its body. The overall coloration pattern is similar to the holotype, however the dorsal coloration is reddish brown, the venter has more white dots and the groin has more orange flecks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Measurements (in mm) of female (FMNH 282818): SVL 21.0; TL 7.5; FL 8.5; HL 7.0; HW 7.6; ED 2.3; IOD 2.4; EW 1.4; IND 1.9; E-N 1.7.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">The specific name badius is the Latin adjective meaning chestnut-brown or reddish-brown and refers to the coloration of the new species.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">Distribution, ecology, and threat status.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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The species is only known from the type locality where it was found at 1.00 pm in the leaf litter and under moss in a primary cloud forest at 2900 m elevation. The axilla region of the left arm of the paratype bears two ectoparasites (mites). Syntopic anurans include
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinella yanachaga" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="yanachaga">Rhinella yanachaga</taxonomicName>
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(MUSM 31100, FMNH 282819) which is recorded herein for the first time outside its type locality of San Alberto (
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<bibRefCitation author="Lehr, E" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="11" pageNumber="62" pagination="583 - 609" title="Diversity among new world microhylid frogs (Anura: Microhylidae): morphological and osteological comparisons between Nelsonophryne (Guenther 1901) and a new genus from Peru." url="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00270.x" volume="2007" year="2007">Lehr et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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). We classify
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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as "Data Deficient" according to the IUCN red list criteria and categories based on the limited information on its geographic range.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 4. Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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in life (MUSM 31099, female, SVL 19.1 mm) in lateral (A), and ventral views (B). Photos by E. Lehr.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 5. Holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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in preservative in dorsal (A), and ventral (B) views, and holotype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus curator" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curator">Phrynopus curator</taxonomicName>
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in dorsal (C), and ventral (D) views. Photos by E. Lehr.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 6. Paratype of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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in life (FMNH 282818, female, SVL 21.0 mm) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photos by E. Lehr.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="56">
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Figure 7. Photos of ventral surfaces of hand (A) and foot (B) of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus badius" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="badius">Phrynopus badius</taxonomicName>
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(MUSM 31099), and ventral surfaces of hand (C) and foot (D) of
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<taxonomicName class="Amphibia" family="Craugastoridae" genus="Phrynopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phrynopus curator" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="curator">Phrynopus curator</taxonomicName>
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(MUSM 31106). Photos by E. Lehr.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |