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<mods:title id="3D41893D0265A2BC658B3C95DEA9343B">Review of the genus Synamphichaeta Villeneuve (Diptera: Tachinidae), with the description of a new species from Iran</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="AEC14D70FFFE2416EFE5E013FD3C5860" ID-CoL="53TBK" authority="Villeneuve, 1936" authorityName="Villeneuve" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,673,332,359]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Synamphichaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricincta">
<emphasis id="5BB5EAE1FFFE2416EFE5E013FD3C5860" bold="true" box="[151,673,332,359]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="5BB5EAE1FFFE2416EFE5E013FE535861" bold="true" box="[151,462,332,359]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Synamphichaeta tricincta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EEA6E013FD3C5860" author="Villeneuve, J." box="[468,673,332,358]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="146" refId="ref6787" refString="Villeneuve, J. (1936) Synamphichaeta. In: Frey, R. (Ed.), Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme. Commentationes Biologicae, 6 (1), 146. [in French]" type="journal article" year="1936">Villeneuve, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="AEC14D70FFFE2416EFE5E0CEFD1958AF" ID-CoL="53TBK" authority="Villeneuve, 1936: 146" authorityName="Villeneuve" authorityPageNumber="146" authorityYear="1936" box="[151,644,400,425]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Synamphichaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricincta">
<emphasis id="5BB5EAE1FFFE2416EFE5E0CEFE0658AE" box="[151,411,401,425]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Synamphichaeta tricincta</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="E86010E2FFFE2416EED3E0CFFD1958AF" author="Villeneuve, J." box="[417,644,400,425]" page="146" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" year="1936">
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EED3E0CFFD1958AF" author="Villeneuve, J." box="[417,644,400,425]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="146" refId="ref6787" refString="Villeneuve, J. (1936) Synamphichaeta. In: Frey, R. (Ed.), Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme. Commentationes Biologicae, 6 (1), 146. [in French]" type="journal article" year="1936">Villeneuve, 1936: 146</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
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locality: La Gomera,
<collectingRegion id="AB05F811FFFE2416ECEDE0CEFBA558AF" box="[927,1080,400,425]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="11D67663FFFE2416EB31E0CFFB1D58AF" box="[1091,1152,400,425]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Spain</collectingCountry>
.
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="5BB5EAE1FFFE2416EFE5E088FCCD58F7" bold="true" box="[151,848,470,497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
The
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of
<taxonomicName id="AEC14D70FFFE2416EE28E089FCD658F7" ID-CoL="53TBK" authority="Villeneuve, 1936" authorityName="Villeneuve" authorityYear="1936" box="[346,843,470,497]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Synamphichaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricincta">
<emphasis id="5BB5EAE1FFFE2416EE28E089FD1C58F7" bold="true" box="[346,641,470,497]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Synamphichaeta tricincta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EDF5E089FCD658F7" author="Villeneuve, J." box="[647,843,470,497]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="146" refId="ref6787" refString="Villeneuve, J. (1936) Synamphichaeta. In: Frey, R. (Ed.), Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme. Commentationes Biologicae, 6 (1), 146. [in French]" type="journal article" year="1936">Villeneuve, 1936</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Photographs of the type material of
<taxonomicName id="AEC14D70FFFE2416EB91E088FF6B5B13" ID-CoL="53TBK" authorityName="Villeneuve" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Synamphichaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricincta">
<emphasis id="5BB5EAE1FFFE2416EB91E088FF6B5B13" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Synamphichaeta tricincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were kindly provided by MZHF for this study.
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EC7BE0A4FC725B13" author="Mesnil, L. P." box="[777,1007,506,533]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="1305 - 1384" refId="ref6428" refString="Mesnil, L. P. (1975) 64 g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaarktischen Region. Vol. 10. Lieferung 309. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1305 - 1384. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1975">Mesnil (1975: 1378)</bibRefCitation>
redescribed
<taxonomicName id="AEC14D70FFFE2416EB0CE0A4FA015B13" ID-CoL="53TBK" authorityName="Villeneuve" authorityYear="1936" box="[1150,1436,507,533]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Synamphichaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricincta">
<emphasis id="5BB5EAE1FFFE2416EB0CE0A4FA015B13" box="[1150,1436,507,533]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Synamphichaeta tricincta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the two
<typeStatus id="B67A8851FFFE2416EE2DE37FFE595B3C" box="[351,452,544,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="syntype">syntypes</typeStatus>
, one male and one female, mentioned in the original description by
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EBBBE340FA055B3C" author="Villeneuve, J." box="[1225,1432,543,570]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="146" refId="ref6787" refString="Villeneuve, J. (1936) Synamphichaeta. In: Frey, R. (Ed.), Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme. Commentationes Biologicae, 6 (1), 146. [in French]" type="journal article" year="1936">Villeneuve (1936)</bibRefCitation>
. Mesnil erroneously considered the male as the
<typeStatus id="B67A8851FFFE2416EDDEE31CFC935B5B" box="[684,782,579,605]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the female as the
<typeStatus id="B67A8851FFFE2416EB7DE31BFBEE5B58" box="[1039,1139,580,606]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
. The male specimen bears the label “Gomera / Cumbre / R. Frey // 3263”. It was cited as “Gomera, Cumbre, Nr. 3268 (sic!)” by
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EB85E338FA045B87" author="Mesnil, L. P." box="[1271,1433,614,641]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="1305 - 1384" refId="ref6428" refString="Mesnil, L. P. (1975) 64 g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaarktischen Region. Vol. 10. Lieferung 309. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1305 - 1384. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1975">Mesnil (1975)</bibRefCitation>
. The female specimen bears the label “Tenerife / Los Mercedes / R. Frey // 812” and was cited as “Teneriffa”. We interpret
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EF94E3F0FE0A5BCF" author="Mesnil, L. P." box="[230,407,686,713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="1305 - 1384" refId="ref6428" refString="Mesnil, L. P. (1975) 64 g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaarktischen Region. Vol. 10. Lieferung 309. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1305 - 1384. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1975">Mesnils (1975)</bibRefCitation>
explicit selection of the male as the “
<typeStatus id="B67A8851FFFE2416EC41E3F0FC075BCF" box="[819,922,687,713]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
” as an implicit lectotypification in accordance with Article 74.5 of the Code (I.C.Z.N. 1999). Therefore, we prepared the red label “
<typeStatus id="B67A8851FFFE2416EB2AE38CFB565BEB" box="[1112,1227,723,749]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="AEC14D70FFFE2416EB91E38CFF6E5A17" ID-CoL="53TBK" authorityName="Villeneuve" authorityYear="1936" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Synamphichaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricincta">Synamphichaeta tricincta</taxonomicName>
/
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EE7EE3A8FE505A17" author="Villeneuve, J." box="[268,461,759,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="146" refId="ref6787" refString="Villeneuve, J. (1936) Synamphichaeta. In: Frey, R. (Ed.), Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme. Commentationes Biologicae, 6 (1), 146. [in French]" type="journal article" year="1936">Villeneuve, 1936</bibRefCitation>
/ design. by
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416ED17E3A8FD695A17" author="Mesnil, L. P." box="[613,756,758,785]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="1305 - 1384" refId="ref6428" refString="Mesnil, L. P. (1975) 64 g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaarktischen Region. Vol. 10. Lieferung 309. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1305 - 1384. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1975">Mesnil 1975</bibRefCitation>
/ det. Gilasian &amp; Ziegler 2019” for the male specimen and the red label “
<typeStatus id="B67A8851FFFE2416EE41E244FE525A33" box="[307,463,795,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="paralectotype">Paralectotype</typeStatus>
/
<taxonomicName id="AEC14D70FFFE2416EE94E244FC9F5A33" ID-CoL="53TBK" authorityName="Villeneuve" authorityYear="1936" box="[486,770,795,821]" class="Insecta" family="Tachinidae" genus="Synamphichaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tricincta">Synamphichaeta tricincta</taxonomicName>
/
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EC6AE244FC455A33" author="Villeneuve, J." box="[792,984,795,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="146" refId="ref6787" refString="Villeneuve, J. (1936) Synamphichaeta. In: Frey, R. (Ed.), Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme. Commentationes Biologicae, 6 (1), 146. [in French]" type="journal article" year="1936">Villeneuve, 1936</bibRefCitation>
/ design. by
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EB18E244FB6A5A33" author="Mesnil, L. P." box="[1130,1271,794,821]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="1305 - 1384" refId="ref6428" refString="Mesnil, L. P. (1975) 64 g. Larvaevorinae (Tachininae). In: Lindner, E. (Ed.), Die Fliegen der palaarktischen Region. Vol. 10. Lieferung 309. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1305 - 1384. [in German]" type="book chapter" year="1975">Mesnil 1975</bibRefCitation>
/ det. Gilasian &amp; Ziegler 2019” for the conspecific female specimen. Both labels were sent to MZHF to be added to the original labels.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="21DB6578FFFE2416EFB5E2D8FD505C73" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="697E36F3FFFE2416EFB5E2D8FC4E5D50" blockId="5.[151,1437,470,1398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="5BB5EAE1FFFE2416EFB5E2D8FD1A5AA7" bold="true" box="[199,647,902,929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Remarks concerning the type locality.</emphasis>
Our interpretation of the label data of the
<typeStatus id="B67A8851FFFE2416EB2EE2D8FB5E5AA7" box="[1116,1219,903,929]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
follows
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EA51E2D8FE875AC0" author="Villeneuve, J." pageId="5" pageNumber="256" pagination="146" refId="ref6787" refString="Villeneuve, J. (1936) Synamphichaeta. In: Frey, R. (Ed.), Die Dipterenfauna der Kanarischen Inseln und ihre Probleme. Commentationes Biologicae, 6 (1), 146. [in French]" type="journal article" year="1936">Villeneuve (1936: 146)</bibRefCitation>
and Frey (1936: 208213). Frey interpreted “Cumbre” as the mountain forest near Agua Hilva,
<specimenCount id="7FC7FD7AFFFE2416EA3CE2F4FA005AC0" box="[1358,1437,939,966]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="generic">
<quantity id="AE399B16FFFE2416EA3CE2F4FA055AC0" box="[1358,1432,939,966]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
.
</specimenCount>
“Cumbre” is the Spanish equivalent for “summit”. Aqua Hilva, currently written as Aquajilva, is an area with a few houses along the old road number 30 between Hermigua and San Sebastián (southeast of Hermigua). Therefore, our modern interpretation of the locus typicus is:
<collectingCountry id="11D67663FFFE2416EDEDE548FD7F5D37" box="[671,738,1047,1073]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="AB05F811FFFE2416ED9CE548FC045D37" box="[750,921,1047,1073]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Canary Islands</collectingRegion>
, La Gomera, Cumbre near Aquajilva,
<quantity id="AE399B16FFFE2416EA3FE548FA0A5D34" box="[1357,1431,1047,1074]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="600.0">600 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0CF55034FFFE2416EFE5E565FE805D53" box="[151,285,1082,1109]" degrees="28" direction="north" minutes="07" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" precision="15" seconds="51" value="28.130833">28°0751″N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="0CF55034FFFE2416EE51E565FE2F5D53" box="[291,434,1082,1109]" degrees="17" direction="west" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" precision="15" seconds="57" value="-17.182499">17°1057″W</geoCoordinate>
),
<taxonomicName id="AEC14D70FFFE2416EEB4E563FD885D53" box="[454,533,1084,1109]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Lauraceae" genus="Laurus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Laurales" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="5BB5EAE1FFFE2416EEB4E563FD885D53" box="[454,533,1084,1109]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Laurus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forest,
<date id="1D7F1033FFFE2416ED18E564FD625D53" box="[618,767,1083,1109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="1931-08-12">12.VIII.1931</date>
, leg. Richard Frey.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="697E36F3FFFE2416EFB5E500FD505C73" blockId="5.[151,1437,470,1398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">
<emphasis id="5BB5EAE1FFFE2416EFB5E500FD8B5D7F" bold="true" box="[199,534,1118,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Further material examined.</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="11D67663FFFE2416ED6DE500FDFE5D7F" box="[543,611,1119,1145]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Spain</collectingCountry>
:
<specimenCount id="7FC7FD7AFFFE2416ED1DE500FD065D7C" box="[623,667,1119,1146]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="AB05F811FFFE2416EDD9E500FCD15D7F" box="[683,844,1119,1145]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Islas Canarias</collectingRegion>
, Tenerife, Vilaflor,
<quantity id="AE399B16FFFE2416EB5BE501FB1F5D7C" box="[1065,1154,1118,1146]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="1500.0">1500 m</quantity>
,
<date id="1D7F1033FFFE2416EBE2E500FA955D7F" box="[1168,1288,1119,1145]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="1991-04-10">10.iv.1991</date>
, C. Lange &amp; J. Ziegler, leg. (CZB);
<specimenCount id="7FC7FD7AFFFE2416EEE4E5DCFE5D5D98" box="[406,448,1155,1182]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
,
<collectingRegion id="AB05F811FFFE2416EEBCE5DCFDF35D9B" box="[462,622,1155,1181]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Islas Canarias</collectingRegion>
, Tenerife, Santiago del Teide,
<quantity id="AE399B16FFFE2416ECB3E5DCFB855D98" box="[961,1048,1155,1182]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
,
<date id="1D7F1033FFFE2416EB56E5DCFB015D9B" box="[1060,1180,1155,1181]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="1991-04-13">13.iv.1991</date>
, C. Lange &amp; J. Ziegler leg. (CZB);
<specimenCount id="7FC7FD7AFFFE2416EE53E5F8FED15DC4" box="[289,332,1191,1218]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, Güimar, 47231 III (ZMBH) [the collection number 47231 leads to the handwritten note (in Ger- man) in the catalogue of
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EEDDE594FDC95DE0" author="Becker, T." box="[431,596,1227,1254]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refId="ref5361" refString="Becker, T. (1906) Catalog Diptera. Vol. 3 (1894 - 1906, collecting numbers 33840 - 53642). Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Kustodiat Diptera. [Handwritten catalogue by Theodor Becker with collecting numbers, collecting data and localities; unpublished, in German]" type="book" year="1906">Becker (1906)</bibRefCitation>
: “One female, Güimar, southern part of Tenerife,
<date id="1D7F1033FFFE2416EBF2E594FAB05DE3" box="[1152,1325,1227,1253]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="1901-03-10">10 March 1901</date>
” =
<collectingCountry id="11D67663FFFE2416EA27E594FA055DE3" box="[1365,1432,1227,1253]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="AB05F811FFFE2416EFE5E5B0FEAA5C0F" box="[151,311,1263,1289]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Islas Canarias</collectingRegion>
, Tenerife, Güimar,
<date id="1D7F1033FFFE2416ED62E5B0FD165C0F" box="[528,651,1263,1289]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="1901-03-10">10.iii.1901</date>
, T. Becker leg.];
<specimenCount id="7FC7FD7AFFFE2416EC3FE5B0FCEA5C0C" box="[845,887,1263,1290]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
(without head), Laguna, 47660 IV (ZMHB) [the collection number 47660 leads to the handwritten note (in German) in the catalogue of
<bibRefCitation id="0D504B02FFFE2416EB1EE44CFA8F5C28" author="Becker, T." box="[1132,1298,1299,1326]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" refId="ref5361" refString="Becker, T. (1906) Catalog Diptera. Vol. 3 (1894 - 1906, collecting numbers 33840 - 53642). Museum fur Naturkunde Berlin, Kustodiat Diptera. [Handwritten catalogue by Theodor Becker with collecting numbers, collecting data and localities; unpublished, in German]" type="book" year="1906">Becker (1906)</bibRefCitation>
: “One male, Laguna, Tenerife, approx.
<quantity id="AE399B16FFFE2416EECFE469FD9E5C54" box="[445,515,1334,1362]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
(1800 Fuss),
<date id="1D7F1033FFFE2416EDE8E468FCFD5C57" box="[666,864,1335,1361]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="1901-04-18" valueMax="1901-04-24" valueMin="1901-04-18">1824 April 1901</date>
” =
<collectingCountry id="11D67663FFFE2416ECF4E468FC545C57" box="[902,969,1335,1361]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Spain</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingRegion id="AB05F811FFFE2416ECA1E468FBEC5C57" box="[979,1137,1335,1361]" country="Spain" name="Canarias" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">Islas Canarias</collectingRegion>
, Tenerife,
<collectingCountry id="11D67663FFFE2416EB97E468FAE15C57" box="[1253,1404,1335,1361]" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis" pageId="5" pageNumber="256">San Cristóbal</collectingCountry>
de La Laguna,
<quantity id="AE399B16FFFE2416EE6CE405FEFA5C70" box="[286,359,1370,1398]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" unit="m" value="550.0">550 m</quantity>
,
<date id="1D7F1033FFFE2416EE00E404FD885C73" box="[370,533,1371,1397]" pageId="5" pageNumber="256" value="1901-04-18" valueMax="1901-04-24" valueMin="1901-04-18">1824.iv.1901</date>
, T. Becker leg.].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>