170 lines
18 KiB
XML
170 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.119.1706" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4276841d-487a-421a-a47f-0de27a9437ad" ID-PMC="PMC3192426" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-119-11" ID-PubMed="21998514" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-119-11" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 119" ModsDocTitle="A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae)" checkinTime="1451250172498" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Marusik, Yuri M., Kovblyuk, Mykola M. & Koponen, Seppo" docDate="2011" docId="DAB0FA7E929F78586EA862F82C43C4AA" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 119: 11-27" docOrigin="ZooKeys 119" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.119.1706" docTitle="Xerolycosa Dahl 1908" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="5636FF8E3C26FF87D50BFFD1FFEFFFB0" masterDocTitle="A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae)" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="11" pageNumber="13" updateTime="1668151906056" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>A survey of the East Palaearctic Lycosidae (Araneae). 9. Genus Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908 (Evippinae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Marusik, Yuri M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Kovblyuk, Mykola M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Koponen, Seppo</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>119</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>11</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>27</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.119.1706</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.119.1706</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-119-11</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152030365" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DAB0FA7E929F78586EA862F82C43C4AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DAB0FA7E929F78586EA862F82C43C4AA" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
|
<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Xerolycosa" authority="Dahl, 1908" authorityName="Dahl" authorityYear="1908" class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xerolycosa Dahl, 1908</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xerolycosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
Dahl, 1908: 361. Type species:
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Lycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lycosa nemoralis" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Lycosa nemoralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
Westring, 1861.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Saitocosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saitocosa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Saitocosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Roewer, CF" journalOrPublisher="de Witte" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="519 - 1040" title="Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae) (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Exploration du Parc national de Upemba Mission G. F." volume="55" year="1960">Roewer, 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 889. Type species:
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Tarentula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarentula flavitibia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavitibia">Tarentula flavitibia</taxonomicName>
|
|
Saito, 1934.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
|
Members of this genus can be easily separated from otherEvippinae genera by the fewer number of ventral tibial spines on leg I (3pv & 2rv, or 2-2v), carapace lacking transverse depression (present in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Evippa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Evippa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Evippa</taxonomicName>
|
|
Simon, 1882) and lack of pseudo-articulation of tarsi (Fig. 13).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xerolycosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be differentiated by the shape of their copulatory organs. Females have a short droplet-shaped septum (about as long as wide), while in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Evippa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Evippa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Evippa</taxonomicName>
|
|
the septum is long and has a well developed septal stem. The male palp in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xerolycosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
has a shorter course of the seminal duct and a shorter embolus, which is only partly hidden by the tegulum.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Medium-sized (5.5-7.5) dark coloured or spotty lycosids. Carapace spotty or dark coloured with lighter median band and two lateral stripes. Cephalic region not elevated. Chelicerae with 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth. Inner side of chelicerae with a kind of stridulatory file (Fig. 12). Femora with 3 dorsal spines, tibia and metatarsus with 2 dorsal spines, sometimes poorly developed, tibia and metatarsi with four or five ventral spines (3pv-2rv or 2-2v). Tarsi without transverse furrow.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Male palp: cymbium with several apical spines; tegular apophysis shifted retrolaterally, with bill-like extension directed ventrally. Palea absent, embolus forming almost a circle, only partly hidden by tegulum. Epigyne: fovea (depression) absent, septum droplet-shaped, covered with hairs, almost as wide as high; stem short. Weakly sclerotized parts of epigyne are referred to here as windows (Wi).</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" type="comments">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">Comments.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Saitocosa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Saitocosa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Saitocosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
was synonymised with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xerolycosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
by
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Yaginuma, T" journalOrPublisher="Hoikusha Publishing Company, Osaka" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" title="Spiders of Japan in colour (new ed.)." year="1986">Yaginuma (1986</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: p. 169) through synonymisation of the type species
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Tarentula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tarentula flavitibia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavitibia">Tarentula flavitibia</taxonomicName>
|
|
Saito, 1934 with
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa nemoralis" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Xerolycosa nemoralis.</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Dahl, F" journalOrPublisher="Die Suesswasserfauna Deutschlands" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 12" title="Araneae, Spinnen." volume="12" year="1908">Dahl (1908)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
described
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xerolycosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
and placed only two species in this genus:
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa nemoralis" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Xerolycosa nemoralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
|
|
. No type species was selected. It is not clear who selected
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa nemoralis" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Xerolycosa nemoralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
as the type species. The first clear indication we found was in Roewer's catalogue (Roewer 1954: p. 309). The same species was indicated as the generotype in Roewer's revision of
|
|
<taxonomicName family="Lycosidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" rank="family">Lycosidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Roewer, CF" journalOrPublisher="de Witte" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="1 - 518" title="Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae). Exploration du Parc national de Upemba Mission G. F." volume="55" year="1959">Roewer 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: p. 893) and in Bonnet's catalogue (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Bonnet, P" journalOrPublisher="Toulouse" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="4231 - 5058" title="Bibliographia araneorum." volume="2" year="1959">1959</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: p. 4836).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="2" pageNumber="13">
|
|
In Platnick's catalogue (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Platnick, NI" journalOrPublisher="IBPN FEB RAS, Magadan" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" title="The world spider catalog, version 11.5. American Museum of Natural History." url="http://research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html" year="2011">2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) five species are listed under
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xerolycosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
|
|
(C.L. Koch, 1834),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa nemoralis" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Xerolycosa nemoralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Westring, 1861),
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa pelengena" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelengena">Xerolycosa pelengena</taxonomicName>
|
|
Roewer, 1960,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa sansibarina" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sansibarina">Xerolycosa sansibarina</taxonomicName>
|
|
Roewer, 1960 and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa undulata" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undulata">Xerolycosa undulata</taxonomicName>
|
|
Chen, Song et Kim, 1998. Roewer's species are known from Africa (Congo and Zanzibar). Judging from the figures,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa pelengena" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelengena">Xerolycosa pelengena</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a member of
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="13" rank="tribe" tribe="Trochosini">Trochosini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, due to its carapace pattern (two dark longitudinal stripes within the median band, just behind the PLE) and epigyne (anchor-shaped septum, and
|
|
<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="14" start="start">triangle-shaped</pageBreakToken>
|
|
hoods of the apical pocket) and seems to belong to
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Trochosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochosa" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trochosa</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Therefore, we propose the new combination:
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Trochosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trochosa pelengena" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pelengena">Trochosa pelengena</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Roewer, 1960) comb. n.
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa sansibarina" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sansibarina">Xerolycosa sansibarina</taxonomicName>
|
|
, known from the male sex only, has a carapace and abdominal pattern very different from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Evippinae">Evippinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
species, and the palp has a distinctly different conformation, typical for the
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lycosinae">Lycosinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(tegular apophysis stretching horizontally, tip of embolus visible and resting horizontally in a tegular depression). However, we refrain from suggesting a new combination because its generic affinities are currently unclear.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="14">
|
|
Because of the burrowing behaviour in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa mongolica" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolica">Xerolycosa mongolica</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Schenkel, 1963), believed to be absent in the other species, we first followed A.A. Zyuzin's (personal communication) opinion that it may belong to a separate genus. However, females of
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa nemoralis" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Xerolycosa nemoralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
are known to excavate shallow depressions in soil (
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Smola, V" journalOrPublisher="Ziva" pageId="11" pageNumber="22" pagination="31 - 33" title="Prekvapive chovani bezneho druhu slidaka." volume="1" year="2007">Smola 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In addition to behaviour,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa mongolica" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolica">Xerolycosa mongolica</taxonomicName>
|
|
has widely spaced posterior median eyes (one diameter apart) in contrast to the type species,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa nemoralis" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nemoralis">Xerolycosa nemoralis</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa miniata" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="miniata">Xerolycosa miniata</taxonomicName>
|
|
(less than one diameter apart). Study of the male palp and the leg spination revealed no differences between
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Arachnida" family="Lycosidae" genus="Xerolycosa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xerolycosa mongolica" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="14" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mongolica">Xerolycosa mongolica</taxonomicName>
|
|
and the other species.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |