treatments-xml/data/BD/47/87/BD4787A8FFBCD36E08A2FC73FDBD07F2.xml

<document id="5DF563EDD009B30F867C58A47B48FF92" ID-CLB-Dataset="22341" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.411" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fd99cca-afd1-4289-9fce-2e4e43e33a1b" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3805999" ID-ZooBank="20D7A744-CE8B-4E6C-92DA-71A9B8C3D805" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1588790263828" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Rousseau, Julie, Gale, Andrew Scott &amp; Thuy, Ben" docDate="2018" docId="BD4787A8FFBCD36E08A2FC73FDBD07F2" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-411_rousseau_gale_thuy.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 411" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Savignaster septemtrionalis Rousseau &amp; Gale &amp; Thuy 2018, sp. nov" docType="treatment" docUuid="EF6444E7-C91F-478B-9575-F7E67E4C58D2" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="10" masterDocId="417EFFD0FFB4D367097AFFA4FFBC0019" masterDocTitle="New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1698756022748" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0E0F96D09022A290CCD35F913DC6C386">New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BAE61E90EA90BC8EB4D7ECA0C1709048">Rousseau, Julie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C7977831567327E19586E2C97D56FBFD">Gale, Andrew Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B6F23475622020A2A2AD8478AAA62E2C">Thuy, Ben</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4B34D50F7121292B1FC00E03BB1021BF">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<treatment id="BD4787A8FFBCD36E08A2FC73FDBD07F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3816171" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163970917" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3816171" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF6444E7-C91F-478B-9575-F7E67E4C58D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD4787A8FFBCD36E08A2FC73FDBD07F2" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36F08A2FC73FC800421" blockId="8.[373,1214,982,1080]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFBCD36F08A2FC73FBE003E8" box="[472,1116,982,1009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<heading id="6E1981D2FFBCD36F08A2FC73FBE403E8" box="[472,1112,982,1009]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBCD36F08A2FC73FC4603E8" authority="Rousseau &amp; Gale" authorityName="Rousseau &amp; Gale &amp; Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[472,1018,982,1009]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="septemtrionalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBCD36F08A2FC73FC9903E8" bold="true" box="[472,805,982,1009]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Savignaster septemtrionalis</emphasis>
Rousseau &amp; Gale
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CA957D7FFBCD36F0D7BFC73FBE403E8" box="[1025,1112,983,1009]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
.
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 
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<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFBCD36F0B8DFBBAFC800421" box="[759,828,1054,1080]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1753,1779]" captionTargetBox="[293,1310,342,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[277,1311,332,1712]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Savignaster septentrionalis Rousseau &amp; Gale sp. nov. A–B. Holotype PMO 218.000. A. Complete arm and associated interradial area showing chevron ossicles. B. Drawing of holotype showing main morphological features. C. Paratype PMO 217.976, partial arm preserved up to the tip. D. Paratype PMO 217.977, partial arm specimen with elongated, narrow ambulacrals set at nearly right-angle to the arm axis. E. Paratype PMO 217.978, a near complete arm with associated adambulacral spines. F. Paratype PMO 218.008, close-up view of fan-shaped trellis-like adambulacral spines articulated to the lateral margin of the adambulacral. Abbreviations: abact = abactinal ossicle; adamb = adambulacral; amb = ambulacral; cho = chevron ossicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806009/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
</subSubSection>
</paragraph>
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<heading id="6E1981D2FFBCD36F09C7FBFBFE8A0460" bold="true" box="[189,310,1119,1145]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBCD36F09C7FBFBFE8A0460" bold="true" box="[189,310,1119,1145]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBCD36F09C7FB2BFEF404B0" authorityName=", Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[189,328,1167,1193]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBCD36F09C7FB2BFEF404B0" box="[189,328,1167,1193]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Savignaster</emphasis>
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in which the ambulacral bases and shafts are very elongated and poorly differentiated.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFBCD36F09C7FB74FE700525" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
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<heading id="6E1981D2FFBCD36F09C7FB74FEF804F3" bold="true" box="[189,324,1232,1258]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBCD36F09C7FB74FEF804F3" bold="true" box="[189,324,1232,1258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36F09C7FB5BFE700525" blockId="8.[189,1398,1279,1340]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The specific epithet is from the Latin ‘ 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBCD36F0BEEFB5BFCF50500" authorityName="Rousseau &amp; Gale &amp; Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[660,841,1279,1305]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="septemtrionalis">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBCD36F0BEEFB5BFCF50500" box="[660,841,1279,1305]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">septemtrionalis</emphasis>
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’, northern, in reference to the high latitudinal position of the locality.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFBCD36F09C7FAC0FB9206D0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36F09C7FAC0FE160567" blockId="8.[189,426,1380,1406]" box="[189,426,1380,1406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="6E1981D2FFBCD36F09C7FAC0FE160567" bold="true" box="[189,426,1380,1406]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBCD36F09C7FAC0FE160567" bold="true" box="[189,426,1380,1406]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Material examined</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36F0990FA37FEE005B4" blockId="8.[189,1307,1427,1488]" box="[234,348,1427,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBCD36F0990FA37FEE005B4" bold="true" box="[234,348,1427,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBCD36F0990FA37FEE005B4" box="[234,348,1427,1453]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36F09C7FA12FAA705C9" blockId="8.[189,1307,1427,1488]" box="[189,1307,1460,1488]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="85863CE3FFBCD36F09C7FA12FAA705C9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610633302" box="[189,1307,1460,1488]" collectionCode="PMO" country="Norway" latitude="78.30122" location="central Spitsbergen" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.267221" municipality="Knorringfjellet" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="4DF9762EFFBCD36F09C7FA12FE8005C9" box="[189,316,1462,1488]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">NORWAY</collectingCountry>
: 
<location id="30316065FFBCD36F083CFA12FD9605C9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD4787A8FFBCD36E08A2FC73FDBD07F2:30316065FFBCD36F083CFA12FD9605C9" box="[326,554,1462,1488]" country="Norway" latitude="78.30122" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="16.267221" municipality="Knorringfjellet" name="central Spitsbergen" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">central Spitsbergen</location>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="D535ACC4FFBCD36F0B4CFA12FD5505C9" box="[566,745,1462,1488]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Knorringfjellet</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="50DA5079FFBCD36F0B8FFA10FC1C05C9" box="[757,928,1460,1488]" degrees="78" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="04.4" value="78.30122">78°18′04.4″ N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate id="50DA5079FFBCD36F0AD6FA10FBEE05C9" box="[940,1106,1460,1488]" degrees="16" direction="east" minutes="16" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="1" seconds="02.0" value="16.267221">16°16′02.0″ E</geoCoordinate>
(
<collectionCode id="53FFAE7BFFBCD36F0D1BFA12FB1E05C9" box="[1121,1186,1462,1488]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PMO</collectionCode>
218.000).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36F0990FA5CFEDB060B" blockId="8.[189,1399,1528,1625]" box="[234,359,1528,1554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBCD36F0990FA5CFEDB060B" bold="true" box="[234,359,1528,1554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBCD36F0990FA5CFEDB060B" box="[234,359,1528,1554]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36F09C7F9BFFC930641" blockId="8.[189,1399,1528,1625]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="85863CE3FFBCD36F09C7F9BFFC970641" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610633307" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry id="4DF9762EFFBCD36F09C7F9BFFE80062C" box="[189,316,1563,1589]" name="Norway" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">NORWAY</collectingCountry>
: same location as for 
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBCD36F0B49F9BFFD26062C" box="[563,666,1563,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="53FFAE7BFFBCD36F0BDDF9BFFD54062C" box="[679,744,1563,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PMO</collectionCode>
217.976, 
<collectionCode id="53FFAE7BFFBCD36F0A26F9BFFC20062C" box="[860,924,1563,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PMO</collectionCode>
217.977, 
<collectionCode id="53FFAE7BFFBCD36F0D74F9BFFBF2062C" box="[1038,1102,1563,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PMO</collectionCode>
217.978, 
<collectionCode id="53FFAE7BFFBCD36F0DBAF9BFFABC062C" box="[1216,1280,1563,1589]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">PMO</collectionCode>
218.008). Ten partial specimens were found at the type locality
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36F09C7F924FED90683" blockId="8.[189,357,1664,1690]" box="[189,357,1664,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="6E1981D2FFBCD36F09C7F924FED90683" bold="true" box="[189,357,1664,1690]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBCD36F09C7F924FED90683" bold="true" box="[189,357,1664,1690]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type stratum</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36F09C7F90BFB9206D0" blockId="8.[189,1070,1711,1738]" box="[189,1070,1711,1738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Middle Volgian (Tithonian), Slottsmøya Member, Agardhfjellet Formation.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFBCD36E09C7F954FC2C03C1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36F09C7F954FEF20713" blockId="8.[189,334,1776,1802]" box="[189,334,1776,1802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
<heading id="6E1981D2FFBCD36F09C7F954FEF20713" bold="true" box="[189,334,1776,1802]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" reason="3">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBCD36F09C7F954FEF20713" bold="true" box="[189,334,1776,1802]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBCD36E09C7F8BBFDB702E1" blockId="8.[189,1399,1823,2027]" lastBlockId="9.[189,1399,267,760]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
The 
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBCD36F0989F8BBFEE70720" box="[243,347,1823,1849]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
PMO 218.000 (
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFBCD36F0B64F8BBFDDF0723" box="[542,611,1823,1850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1753,1779]" captionTargetBox="[293,1310,342,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[277,1311,332,1712]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Savignaster septentrionalis Rousseau &amp; Gale sp. nov. A–B. Holotype PMO 218.000. A. Complete arm and associated interradial area showing chevron ossicles. B. Drawing of holotype showing main morphological features. C. Paratype PMO 217.976, partial arm preserved up to the tip. D. Paratype PMO 217.977, partial arm specimen with elongated, narrow ambulacrals set at nearly right-angle to the arm axis. E. Paratype PMO 217.978, a near complete arm with associated adambulacral spines. F. Paratype PMO 218.008, close-up view of fan-shaped trellis-like adambulacral spines articulated to the lateral margin of the adambulacral. Abbreviations: abact = abactinal ossicle; adamb = adambulacral; amb = ambulacral; cho = chevron ossicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806009/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–B) is an articulated arm and interradial area, which also shows some portions of a second arm belonging to the same individual. Ambulacrals and adambulacrals are clearly exposed in a transverse section of the groove and disc. The arms are triangular and taper rapidly, and the interradius is acutely angled. The major radius of the 
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBCD36F0A97F82EFBE907BD" box="[1005,1109,1930,1956]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(R) is 
<quantity id="F2169B5BFFBCD36F0DDEF82EFB4607BD" box="[1188,1274,1930,1957]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="45.0">45 mm</quantity>
, the minor radius (r) 
<quantity id="F2169B5BFFBCD36F084CF809FE3307D1" box="[310,399,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
. The base of the arm is 
<quantity id="F2169B5BFFBCD36F0BCEF809FCB507D1" box="[692,777,1965,1992]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
across. There are over 30 pairs of ambulacrals and adambulacrals present in each half radius and the two plate rows are of approximately equal width. The ambulacral heads have a large triangular proximal extension and are imbricated proximally. The ambulacrals shafts and bases are elongated and narrow and set nearly at right angles to the axis of the arm. 
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBDD36E0987FEFEFECC016D" box="[253,368,346,372]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
PMO 217.976 (
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFBDD36E0B42FEFDFD2A016A" box="[568,662,345,371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1753,1779]" captionTargetBox="[293,1310,342,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[277,1311,332,1712]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Savignaster septentrionalis Rousseau &amp; Gale sp. nov. A–B. Holotype PMO 218.000. A. Complete arm and associated interradial area showing chevron ossicles. B. Drawing of holotype showing main morphological features. C. Paratype PMO 217.976, partial arm preserved up to the tip. D. Paratype PMO 217.977, partial arm specimen with elongated, narrow ambulacrals set at nearly right-angle to the arm axis. E. Paratype PMO 217.978, a near complete arm with associated adambulacral spines. F. Paratype PMO 218.008, close-up view of fan-shaped trellis-like adambulacral spines articulated to the lateral margin of the adambulacral. Abbreviations: abact = abactinal ossicle; adamb = adambulacral; amb = ambulacral; cho = chevron ossicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806009/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
) and PMO 217.977 (
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFBDD36E0AE6FEFDFC46016A" box="[924,1018,345,371]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1753,1779]" captionTargetBox="[293,1310,342,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[277,1311,332,1712]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Savignaster septentrionalis Rousseau &amp; Gale sp. nov. A–B. Holotype PMO 218.000. A. Complete arm and associated interradial area showing chevron ossicles. B. Drawing of holotype showing main morphological features. C. Paratype PMO 217.976, partial arm preserved up to the tip. D. Paratype PMO 217.977, partial arm specimen with elongated, narrow ambulacrals set at nearly right-angle to the arm axis. E. Paratype PMO 217.978, a near complete arm with associated adambulacral spines. F. Paratype PMO 218.008, close-up view of fan-shaped trellis-like adambulacral spines articulated to the lateral margin of the adambulacral. Abbreviations: abact = abactinal ossicle; adamb = adambulacral; amb = ambulacral; cho = chevron ossicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806009/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
) also show the arrangement of the ambulacral ossicles. Ambulacrals and adambulacrals alternate, and the adambulacrals are slanted laterally and distally. The adambulacrals comprise two parts; a thicker adradial region and a narrow, parallel sided elongated adambulacral extension as in 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0A2DFE6AFB8E01F1" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[855,1074,462,488]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0A2DFE6AFB8E01F1" box="[855,1074,462,488]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savignaster wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0D3FFE69FB6801F1" author="Gale A. S." box="[1093,1236,461,488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref11498" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 a. Phylogeny of the Neoasteroidea (post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">
Gale 2011 
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0DBDFE6AFB6801F1" author="Gale A. S." box="[1223,1236,462,488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="69 - 89" refId="ref11527" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 b. Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Savigna, Departement du Jura, France. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 130: 69 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 010 - 0008 - x" type="journal article" year="2011">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2011b). The adradial portions are thickened where spine bases were present. In the 
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBDD36E0D65FE50FB360217" box="[1055,1162,500,526]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, scattered abactinal ossicles lie alongside the lateral margin of the adambulacrals (
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFBDD36E0AEEFDBFFC6B022C" box="[916,983,539,565]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1753,1779]" captionTargetBox="[293,1310,342,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[277,1311,332,1712]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Savignaster septentrionalis Rousseau &amp; Gale sp. nov. A–B. Holotype PMO 218.000. A. Complete arm and associated interradial area showing chevron ossicles. B. Drawing of holotype showing main morphological features. C. Paratype PMO 217.976, partial arm preserved up to the tip. D. Paratype PMO 217.977, partial arm specimen with elongated, narrow ambulacrals set at nearly right-angle to the arm axis. E. Paratype PMO 217.978, a near complete arm with associated adambulacral spines. F. Paratype PMO 218.008, close-up view of fan-shaped trellis-like adambulacral spines articulated to the lateral margin of the adambulacral. Abbreviations: abact = abactinal ossicle; adamb = adambulacral; amb = ambulacral; cho = chevron ossicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806009/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
A–B) and, evidently, the individual was obliquely compacted with the abactinal surface pushed over the adambulacrals. The abactinal ossicles are poorly preserved, but include forms with a pedicel and at least some are identifiable as megapaxillae. Interradial chevron ossicles are present in the interradial region. They form a laterally diverging V-arrangement of nine to ten closely spaced plate pairs situated symmetrically across the interradial line (
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFBDD36E0806FD79FE7E02E1" box="[380,450,733,760]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="13.[189,232,1858,1884]" captionTargetBox="[250,1346,301,1813]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[240,1347,289,1816]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig. 4. Ophiogaleus sp. PMO 217.899a. A. Specimen preserving the ventral side of the disc area, two nearly complete arms and proximal area of a third arm. B. Detail view of the disc area. C. Drawing detail of the area shown in B. D. Detail view of a proximal section of arm. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; ds = disc spine; lopa = lateral oral papillae; op = oral plate; sart = spine articulation; v = vertebra." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806013" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806013/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
A–B).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBDD36E09C7FC87FC2C03C1" blockId="9.[189,1399,802,984]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
In 
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBDD36E09A4FC87FEFF0324" box="[222,323,803,829]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
specimen PMO 217.978, poorly preserved flattened spines are seen attached to the lateral margins of the adambulacrals (
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFBDD36E0B52FCEDFD38037A" box="[552,644,841,867]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1753,1779]" captionTargetBox="[293,1310,342,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[277,1311,332,1712]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Savignaster septentrionalis Rousseau &amp; Gale sp. nov. A–B. Holotype PMO 218.000. A. Complete arm and associated interradial area showing chevron ossicles. B. Drawing of holotype showing main morphological features. C. Paratype PMO 217.976, partial arm preserved up to the tip. D. Paratype PMO 217.977, partial arm specimen with elongated, narrow ambulacrals set at nearly right-angle to the arm axis. E. Paratype PMO 217.978, a near complete arm with associated adambulacral spines. F. Paratype PMO 218.008, close-up view of fan-shaped trellis-like adambulacral spines articulated to the lateral margin of the adambulacral. Abbreviations: abact = abactinal ossicle; adamb = adambulacral; amb = ambulacral; cho = chevron ossicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806009/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
). These have a rounded basal portion and a flattened, trellis-like distal part; they are comparable in shape with spines on the 
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBDD36E0A0DFCD4FC620393" box="[887,990,880,906]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0D7EFCD5FB640393" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[1028,1240,880,907]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0D7EFCD5FB640393" box="[1028,1240,880,907]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savignaster wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0D92FCD4FACE0393" author="Gale A. S." box="[1256,1394,880,906]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref11498" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 a. Phylogeny of the Neoasteroidea (post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">Gale 2011a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 21 figs 2, 5). This particular spine morphology is also clearly visible in 
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBDD36E0D26FC3CFB7D03AB" box="[1116,1217,920,946]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
PMO 218.008 (
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFBDD36E09BCFC1AFEA203C1" box="[198,286,958,984]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[189,232,1753,1779]" captionTargetBox="[293,1310,342,1712]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[277,1311,332,1712]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 3. Savignaster septentrionalis Rousseau &amp; Gale sp. nov. A–B. Holotype PMO 218.000. A. Complete arm and associated interradial area showing chevron ossicles. B. Drawing of holotype showing main morphological features. C. Paratype PMO 217.976, partial arm preserved up to the tip. D. Paratype PMO 217.977, partial arm specimen with elongated, narrow ambulacrals set at nearly right-angle to the arm axis. E. Paratype PMO 217.978, a near complete arm with associated adambulacral spines. F. Paratype PMO 218.008, close-up view of fan-shaped trellis-like adambulacral spines articulated to the lateral margin of the adambulacral. Abbreviations: abact = abactinal ossicle; adamb = adambulacral; amb = ambulacral; cho = chevron ossicle." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806009" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806009/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
), a partial arm preserving multiple articulated spines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFBDD36E09C7FBA7FDBD07F2" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBDD36E09C7FBA7FE930404" blockId="9.[189,303,1027,1053]" box="[189,303,1027,1053]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
<heading id="6E1981D2FFBDD36E09C7FBA7FE930404" bold="true" box="[189,303,1027,1053]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" reason="3">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E09C7FBA7FE930404" bold="true" box="[189,303,1027,1053]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Remarks</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBDD36E09C7FB91FDB30650" blockId="9.[189,1399,1077,1609]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
The specimens consist of individuals which have split horizontally approximately along the plane of the ambitus, an unusual preservation mode. The presence of interradial chevron ossicles permit placement of the new species in the clade including 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0A4FFB27FC410484" authorityName="Danielssen &amp; Koren" authorityYear="1884" box="[821,1021,1155,1181]" class="Asteroidea" family="Korethrasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Korethrasteridae</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0D43FB27FB680484" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1875" box="[1081,1236,1155,1181]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Pterasteridae</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0D9FFB27FACE0484" author="Gale A. S." box="[1253,1394,1155,1181]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref11498" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 a. Phylogeny of the Neoasteroidea (post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">
Gale 2011 
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0C1FFB27FACE0484" author="Gale A. S." box="[1381,1394,1155,1181]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="69 - 89" refId="ref11527" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 b. Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Savigna, Departement du Jura, France. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 130: 69 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 010 - 0008 - x" type="journal article" year="2011">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2011b). It can furthermore be assigned to 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0BAAFB0EFCE204DD" authorityName=", Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[720,862,1194,1220]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0BAAFB0EFCE204DD" box="[720,862,1194,1220]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savignaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
based on the similarity of the shape (long adambulacral extensions) of the adambulacrals to those of 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0A09FB75FBDC04F2" authority="Gale, 2011" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[883,1120,1232,1259]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0A09FB75FC6904F3" box="[883,981,1232,1259]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. wardi</emphasis>
Gale, 2011
</taxonomicName>
. The ambulacrals differ significantly in shape from those of both 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0BD0FB5CFCB20508" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[682,782,1271,1298]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="wardi">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0BD0FB5CFCB20508" box="[682,782,1271,1298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. wardi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0A32FB5CFBB20508" authorityName="Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[840,1038,1271,1298]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="trimbachensis">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0A32FB5CFBB20508" box="[840,1038,1271,1298]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. trimbachensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0D64FB53FB110508" author="Gale A. S." box="[1054,1197,1271,1297]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref11498" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 a. Phylogeny of the Neoasteroidea (post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">Gale 2011a</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 23) in which club-shaped, quite well-differentiated ambulacral bases are present; the ambulacral shafts and bases are considerably elongated, undifferentiated, and very short with parallel sides in 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0DE4FAE1FACA0546" authority="Rousseau &amp; Gale &amp; Thuy, 2018" authorityName="Rousseau &amp; Gale &amp; Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[1182,1398,1349,1375]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="septemtrionalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0DE4FAE1FACA0546" box="[1182,1398,1349,1375]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">S. septemtrionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CA957D7FFBDD36E09C7FAC8FEA0059F" box="[189,284,1388,1414]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E085CFAC8FE08059F" authorityName=", Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[294,436,1388,1414]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E085CFAC8FE08059F" box="[294,436,1388,1414]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savignaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was identified by 
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0BE0FAC8FC8D059F" author="Gale A. S." box="[666,817,1388,1414]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref11498" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 a. Phylogeny of the Neoasteroidea (post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">
Gale (2011 
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</bibRefCitation>
, 2011b) as a basal pterasterid, which possesses most, but not all of the synapomorphies of extant members of the family. 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0D11FA37FB4505B4" authorityName=", Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[1131,1273,1427,1453]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0D11FA37FB4505B4" box="[1131,1273,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savignaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known from the Bathonian of Kutch, 
<collectingCountry id="4DF9762EFFBDD36E0B53FA1DFDDB05CA" box="[553,615,1465,1491]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">India</collectingCountry>
(A.S. Gale, pers. obs.), the Oxfordian of 
<collectingCountry id="4DF9762EFFBDD36E0D21FA1DFB5605CA" box="[1115,1258,1465,1491]" name="Switzerland" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="4DF9762EFFBDD36E0C5FFA1EFACA05CD" box="[1317,1398,1466,1492]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E09BFFA44FEF305E3" author="Gale A. S." box="[197,335,1504,1530]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref11498" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 a. Phylogeny of the Neoasteroidea (post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">
Gale 2011 
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0838FA44FEF305E3" author="Gale A. S." box="[322,335,1504,1530]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="69 - 89" refId="ref11527" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 b. Asteroidea (Echinodermata) from the Oxfordian (Late Jurassic) of Savigna, Departement du Jura, France. Swiss Journal of Palaeontology 130: 69 - 89. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13358 - 010 - 0008 - x" type="journal article" year="2011">a</bibRefCitation>
</bibRefCitation>
, 2011b) and now from the Volgian of Spitsbergen. The Knorringfjellet specimens represent the first articulated material of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0BBAF9ACFCF2063B" authorityName=", Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[704,846,1544,1570]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0BBAF9ACFCF2063B" box="[704,846,1544,1570]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savignaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in which the arrangement of the ambulacral groove ossicles can be seen.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="355136BEFFBDD36E09C7F9D0FDBD07F2" blockId="9.[189,1399,1651,2027]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
In the original description of the genus 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0B04F9D0FC100694" authority=", Gale (2011 a)" authorityName=", Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[638,940,1651,1678]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0B04F9D0FCB50697" box="[638,777,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savignaster</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0A6FF9D7FC100694" author="Gale A. S." box="[789,940,1651,1677]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref11498" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 a. Phylogeny of the Neoasteroidea (post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">Gale (2011a)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
inferred that the 
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFBDD36E0D14F9D0FB1D0697" box="[1134,1185,1652,1678]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">type</typeStatus>
species lacked the abactinal canopy typically present in pterasterids. In 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0A5EF93EFC1306AD" authorityName=", Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[804,943,1690,1716]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0A5EF93EFC1306AD" box="[804,943,1690,1716]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savignaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the abactinal and lateral adambulacral spines are enlarged and highly muscularized, features which would prevent their enclosure within a canopy membrane. However, as noted by 
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0BD7F94CFCF6071B" author="Gale A. S." box="[685,842,1768,1794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref11498" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 a. Phylogeny of the Neoasteroidea (post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">Gale (2011a)</bibRefCitation>
, 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0A2CF94CFC5D071B" authorityName=", Gale" authorityYear="2011" box="[854,993,1768,1794]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0A2CF94CFC5D071B" box="[854,993,1768,1794]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savignaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was probably capable of reducing its coelomic volume by contracting muscles present between abactinal ossicles, thus pushing out the papulae and increasing its respiratory surface. 
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0BB6F892FBAE0756" author="Nance J. M. &amp; Braithwaite L. F." box="[716,1042,1845,1872]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="259 - 266" refId="ref12832" refString="Nance J. M. &amp; Braithwaite L. F. 1972. The function of mucus secretions in the cushion star Pteraster tesselatus Ives. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 40: 259 - 266." type="journal article" year="1972">Nance &amp; Braithwaite (1972)</bibRefCitation>
discussed a similar contraction capacity in Recent mucus-secreting 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0B14F8F9FCEB076F" authorityName="Ives" authorityYear="1888" box="[622,855,1884,1910]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Pteraster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tesselatus">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0B14F8F9FCEB076F" box="[622,855,1884,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Pteraster tesselatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFBDD36E0AEFF8F8FB8C076F" author="Gale A. S." box="[917,1072,1884,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 112" refId="ref11498" refString="Gale A. S. 2011 a. Phylogeny of the Neoasteroidea (post-Palaeozoic Asteroidea, Echinodermata). Special Papers in Palaeontology 85: 1 - 112." type="journal article" year="2011">Gale (2011a)</bibRefCitation>
suggested improvement of oxygen uptake as a driver of specialized pterasterid evolution. Accordingly, 
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFBDD36E0D4BF827FACB0784" authority="Rousseau &amp; Gale &amp; Thuy, 2018" authorityName="Rousseau &amp; Gale &amp; Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[1073,1399,1923,1949]" class="Asteroidea" family="Pterasteridae" genus="Savignaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Velatida" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="septemtrionalis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFBDD36E0D4BF827FACB0784" box="[1073,1399,1923,1949]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Savignaster septemtrionalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CA957D7FFBDD36E09C7F80EFEAB07DD" box="[189,279,1962,1988]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
would have been well adapted to the fluctuating oxygen availability in the Late Jurassic PalaeoBarents Sea of Spitsbergen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>