405 lines
58 KiB
XML
405 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document id="AF1F68B1593146EC825F294653ECB6AE" ID-CLB-Dataset="22341" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2018.411" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6fd99cca-afd1-4289-9fce-2e4e43e33a1b" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3805999" ID-ZooBank="20D7A744-CE8B-4E6C-92DA-71A9B8C3D805" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="julia" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="julia" checkinTime="1588790263828" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Rousseau, Julie, Gale, Andrew Scott & Thuy, Ben" docDate="2018" docId="BD4787A8FFA4D37308BFFEAFFB2D0258" docLanguage="en" docName="ejt-411_rousseau_gale_thuy.pdf.imf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 411" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.14:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Gale & Thuy 2018, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9832EAD6-F33E-4E37-9F38-0ADB944CBE4F" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="21" masterDocId="417EFFD0FFB4D367097AFFA4FFBC0019" masterDocTitle="New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698756022748" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="99974F7389EF406AFD4622DA253F40B6">New articulated asteroids (Echinodermata, Asteroidea) and ophiuroids (Echinodermata, Ophiuroidea) from the Late Jurassic (Volgian / Tithonian) of central Spitsbergen</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="B5348EBDFFB9B292ADEB243207C1B3D1" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="553365AB9812762662A1A5ADD681683E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CE403034FE585A831BCBF714C4DFB4EA">Rousseau, Julie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C24F7C2CB8F2B8BD84087A834941CDBF">Gale, Andrew Scott</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="ABB589A57AC9A7DF83553C8E63C72AD6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="91B9D9249C32FB8EB9F41378572E67CB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="808D61282195EAE7B73E07DFC7F66B73">Thuy, Ben</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="340D322A40CD63EB2031B4CEE7282C79">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="3A8BF543C4215A2DBB423A13F8463EBC">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="ED1722214702DE757F191024B09A5056">
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<mods:date id="A961C8E0141C09173D0FE957C211F2AC">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A939B479F3A47DF8AAB470EE9EF829CE">2018-03-09</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3143ACBC9761DA5EEAA184A36DE38F6A">411</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="0B11F375A7F962B2F1A32F368D99E3A0">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="0870CE582C283E83449E647032FBFB1D" type="CLB-Dataset">22341</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="43E069EE87BD744B82CDA77D67DA2C92" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2018.411</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="859C01A8A6148385D185D737159D55B3" type="Zenodo-Dep">3805999</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FFAC2431674C17D26433C37E1AA60EF4" type="ZooBank">20D7A744-CE8B-4E6C-92DA-71A9B8C3D805</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="BD4787A8FFA4D37308BFFEAFFB2D0258" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3816175" ID-GBIF-Taxon="163970929" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3816175" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9832EAD6-F33E-4E37-9F38-0ADB944CBE4F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/BD4787A8FFA4D37308BFFEAFFB2D0258" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFA4D37708BFFEAFFCF10168" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37708BFFEAFFBD3013F" blockId="16.[363,1224,267,369]" box="[453,1135,267,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="6E1981D2FFA4D37708BFFEAFFBD3013F" box="[453,1135,267,294]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA4D37708BFFEAFFC0B013C" ID-CoL="49WVG" authority="Rousseau & Thuy" authorityName="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[453,951,267,294]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" genus="Ophioculina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hoybergia" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA4D37708BFFEAFFD61013F" bold="true" box="[453,733,267,294]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Ophioculina hoybergia</emphasis>
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Rousseau & Thuy
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CA957D7FFA4D3770AC5FEA8FBD3013F" box="[959,1135,268,294]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D3770811FE95FCF10168" blockId="16.[363,1224,267,369]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<uri id="417F3ABCFFA4D3770811FE95FB740152" box="[363,1224,305,331]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:
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<uuid id="41480C6BFFA4D3770BF3FE95FB740152" box="[649,1224,305,331]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">9832EAD6-F33E-4E37-9F38-0ADB944CBE4F</uuid>
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</uri>
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<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFA4D3770B9DFEF3FCF10168" box="[743,845,343,369]" captionStart-0="Fig" captionStart-1="Fig" captionStartId-0="17.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionStartId-1="19.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionTargetBox-0="[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetBox-1="[239,1348,307,1678]" captionTargetId-0="figure@17.[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetId-1="figure@19.[239,1348,307,1678]" captionTargetPageId-0="17" captionTargetPageId-1="19" captionText-0="Fig. 6. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., holotype PMO 217.930. A. Specimen preserving the ventral side of about half of the disc area and the proximal section of three arms. B. Drawing detail of the oral region, from D. C. Detail view of the base of an arm showing the arm comb. D. Detail view of the oral region. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; aopa = apical oral papilla; as = arm spine; gpa = genital papilla; lap = lateral arm plate; lopa = lateral oral papilla; op = oral plate; os = oral shield; v = vertebra; 2opa = papilla of the second oral tentacle pore." captionText-1="Fig. 7. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Paratype PMO 218.001c. A. Nearly complete specimen (outlined) preserving five arms and the ventral side of the disc, on a concretion slab with an accumulation of specimens. B. Detail view of arm section. C. Paratype PMO 218.048. Articulated ventral disc preserving good details of the oral plates, the second oral tentacle pores and the rows of papillae bordering the genital slit. D–E. Paratype PMO 218.010b. D. Articulated specimen preserving the basal portion of five arms and showing details of the dorsal disc. E. Detail view of arm section. Abbreviations: aos = adoral shield; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; sart = spine articulation; tp = tentacle pore; vap = ventral arm plate; 2otp = second oral tentacle pore." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806021" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806023" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3806021/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3806023/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs 6–7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFA4D37709C7FE3FFEE701FF" box="[189,347,411,486]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FE3FFE8A01AC" blockId="16.[189,310,411,437]" box="[189,310,411,437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="6E1981D2FFA4D37709C7FE3FFE8A01AC" bold="true" box="[189,310,411,437]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA4D37709C7FE3FFE8A01AC" bold="true" box="[189,310,411,437]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FE68FEE701FF" blockId="16.[189,347,460,486]" box="[189,347,460,486]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">As for genus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFA4D37709C7FDB4FD680298" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FDB4FEF80233" blockId="16.[189,324,528,554]" box="[189,324,528,554]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="6E1981D2FFA4D37709C7FDB4FEF80233" bold="true" box="[189,324,528,554]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
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<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA4D37709C7FDB4FEF80233" bold="true" box="[189,324,528,554]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Etymology</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FDE6FD680298" blockId="16.[189,1398,577,641]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">In honor of Magne Høyberget, who greatly contributed to the collection of the echinoderm fossils from Spitsbergen and to Norwegian palaeontology.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFA4D37709C7FD0FFB620488" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FD0FFE1602DC" blockId="16.[189,426,683,709]" box="[189,426,683,709]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<heading id="6E1981D2FFA4D37709C7FD0FFE1602DC" bold="true" box="[189,426,683,709]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA4D37709C7FD0FFE1602DC" bold="true" box="[189,426,683,709]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D3770990FD78FEE002EF" blockId="16.[189,1271,732,796]" box="[234,348,732,758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA4D3770990FD78FEE002EF" bold="true" box="[234,348,732,758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA4D3770990FD78FEE002EF" box="[234,348,732,758]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FCA6FB4B0305" blockId="16.[189,1271,732,796]" box="[189,1271,768,796]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<materialsCitation id="85863CE3FFA4D37709C7FCA6FB4B0305" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610633304" box="[189,1271,768,796]" collectionCode="PMO" country="Norway" location="central Spitsbergen" longitude="15.870973" municipality="Konusdalen" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCode="PMO 217.930" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<collectingCountry id="4DF9762EFFA4D37709C7FCA6FE800305" box="[189,316,770,796]" name="Norway" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NORWAY</collectingCountry>
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:
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<location id="30316065FFA4D377083CFCA6FD960305" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD4787A8FFA4D37308BFFEAFFB2D0258:30316065FFA4D377083CFCA6FD960305" box="[326,554,770,796]" country="Norway" longitude="15.870973" municipality="Konusdalen" name="central Spitsbergen" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">central Spitsbergen</location>
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||
,
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<collectingMunicipality id="D535ACC4FFA4D3770B4CFCA6FD790305" box="[566,709,770,796]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Konusdalen</collectingMunicipality>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="50DA5079FFA4D3770BABFCA4FCC00305" box="[721,892,768,796]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">78°19′97.1″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="50DA5079FFA4D3770AF2FCA4FB920305" box="[904,1070,768,796]" degrees="15" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" seconds="15.5" value="15.870973">15°52′15.5″ E</geoCoordinate>
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||
(
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<specimenCode id="65489EC5FFA4D3770D47FCA6FB570305" box="[1085,1259,770,796]" collectionCode="PMO" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PMO 217.930</specimenCode>
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).
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D3770990FCE2FEDB0379" blockId="16.[189,1399,838,1052]" box="[234,359,838,864]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA4D3770990FCE2FEDB0379" bold="true" box="[234,359,838,864]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA4D3770990FCE2FEDB0379" box="[234,359,838,864]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FCC8FE9F0405" blockId="16.[189,1399,838,1052]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="85863CE3FFA4D37709C7FCC8FE9F0405" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2610633306" collectionCode="PMO" country="Norway" latitude="78.34317" location="Janusfjellet" municipality="Spitsbergen" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" specimenCount="80">
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||
<collectingCountry id="4DF9762EFFA4D37709C7FCC8FE80039F" box="[189,316,876,902]" name="Norway" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">NORWAY</collectingCountry>
|
||
: same data as for holotpye (
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||
<collectionCode id="53FFAE7BFFA4D3770B01FCC8FD00039F" box="[635,700,876,902]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PMO</collectionCode>
|
||
218.010b,
|
||
<collectionCode id="53FFAE7BFFA4D3770A44FCC8FCC2039F" box="[830,894,876,902]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PMO</collectionCode>
|
||
218.048); central
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="D535ACC4FFA4D3770D28FCCFFB63039C" box="[1106,1247,875,901]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Spitsbergen</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="30316065FFA4D3770D90FCCFFACF039C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD4787A8FFA4D37308BFFEAFFB2D0258:30316065FFA4D3770D90FCCFFACF039C" box="[1258,1395,875,901]" country="Norway" latitude="78.34317" municipality="Spitsbergen" name="Janusfjellet" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Janusfjellet</location>
|
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="50DA5079FFA4D37709C7FC2BFEDA03B5" box="[189,358,911,940]" degrees="78" direction="north" minutes="20" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="1" seconds="35.4" value="78.34317">78°20′35.4″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="50DA5079FFA4D377080AFC2BFDAF03B5" box="[368,531,911,940]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">15°49′85.2″ E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="53FFAE7BFFA4D3770B5AFC35FDDD03B2" box="[544,609,913,939]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">PMO</collectionCode>
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218.001c).
|
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<location id="30316065FFA4D3770B93FC36FC9503B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD4787A8FFA4D37308BFFEAFFB2D0258:30316065FFA4D3770B93FC36FC9503B5" box="[745,809,914,940]" country="Norway" latitude="78.34317" municipality="Spitsbergen" name="More" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">More</location>
|
||
than
|
||
<specimenCount id="23E8FD37FFA4D3770A1FFC35FBBD03B2" box="[869,1025,913,939]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="generic">80 specimens</specimenCount>
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||
each consisting of an articulated disc and at least the basal portion of one or more arms have been collected from the
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||
<location id="30316065FFA4D3770DC7FC13FEF503EE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:BD4787A8FFA4D37308BFFEAFFB2D0258:30316065FFA4D3770DC7FC13FEF503EE" country="Norway" latitude="78.34317" municipality="Spitsbergen" name="Janusfjellet and Konusdalen" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Janusfjellet and Konusdalen</location>
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sites. A large amount of intermingled isolated arm fragments were also present in the samples.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FBE3FED90478" blockId="16.[189,357,1095,1121]" box="[189,357,1095,1121]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading id="6E1981D2FFA4D37709C7FBE3FED90478" bold="true" box="[189,357,1095,1121]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA4D37709C7FBE3FED90478" bold="true" box="[189,357,1095,1121]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Type stratum</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FBDCFB620488" blockId="16.[189,1246,1143,1170]" box="[189,1246,1143,1170]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Lower Middle Volgian (Middle Tithonian), Slottsmøya Member, Agardhfjellet Formation.</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFA4D37509C7FB1FFD990435" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FB1FFEF204CC" blockId="16.[189,334,1211,1237]" box="[189,334,1211,1237]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
<heading id="6E1981D2FFA4D37709C7FB1FFEF204CC" bold="true" box="[189,334,1211,1237]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA4D37709C7FB1FFEF204CC" bold="true" box="[189,334,1211,1237]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7FB49FED00642" blockId="16.[189,1399,1260,1627]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
PMO 217.930 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFA4D3770802FB48FE03051E" box="[376,447,1260,1287]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., holotype PMO 217.930. A. Specimen preserving the ventral side of about half of the disc area and the proximal section of three arms. B. Drawing detail of the oral region, from D. C. Detail view of the base of an arm showing the arm comb. D. Detail view of the oral region. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; aopa = apical oral papilla; as = arm spine; gpa = genital papilla; lap = lateral arm plate; lopa = lateral oral papilla; op = oral plate; os = oral shield; v = vertebra; 2opa = papilla of the second oral tentacle pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806021/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A–D) is a fragment of an articulated disc preserving the basal portions of three arms. The specimen is split close to the ventral side. The disc is round and has a diameter of
|
||
<quantity id="F2169B5BFFA4D3770DACFAB6FAFC0534" box="[1238,1344,1298,1325]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.53" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" unit="mm" value="25.3">25.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The oral plates are long, stout and separated into two seemingly unfused halves (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFA4D3770D4AFA9CFB32054A" box="[1072,1166,1336,1363]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., holotype PMO 217.930. A. Specimen preserving the ventral side of about half of the disc area and the proximal section of three arms. B. Drawing detail of the oral region, from D. C. Detail view of the base of an arm showing the arm comb. D. Detail view of the oral region. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; aopa = apical oral papilla; as = arm spine; gpa = genital papilla; lap = lateral arm plate; lopa = lateral oral papilla; op = oral plate; os = oral shield; v = vertebra; 2opa = papilla of the second oral tentacle pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806021/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The adoral shields are insufficiently preserved on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA4D3770B2DFAFAFD020561" box="[599,702,1374,1400]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
to provide an accurate description. The oral shields have a narrow rectangular distal portion and a much wider proximal portion which is, however, insufficiently preserved for an unambiguous description. Each dental plate bears a cluster of three small, conical apical oral papillae bordered by a seemingly continuous row of similarly small, uniform, pointed lateral oral papillae, most probably six or seven in number. The second oral tentacle pores are superficial and covered by at least three papillae that are slightly larger than the lateral oral papillae and seemingly form a separate row.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7F920FBB306DD" blockId="16.[189,1399,1668,1733]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The interradial areas (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFA4D37708C3F920FDAE0686" box="[441,530,1668,1695]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., holotype PMO 217.930. A. Specimen preserving the ventral side of about half of the disc area and the proximal section of three arms. B. Drawing detail of the oral region, from D. C. Detail view of the base of an arm showing the arm comb. D. Detail view of the oral region. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; aopa = apical oral papilla; as = arm spine; gpa = genital papilla; lap = lateral arm plate; lopa = lateral oral papilla; op = oral plate; os = oral shield; v = vertebra; 2opa = papilla of the second oral tentacle pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806021/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
) are not indented and covered by small, thin, rounded scales rather uniform in size. The interradial disc plates are devoid of granules or other spines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA4D37709C7F94AFD5807F5" blockId="16.[189,1399,1774,2028]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
|
||
The genital slits are bordered on both sides by small (abradial side of slit) to very small (adradial side), block-like papillae which seem to have originally formed a continuous row. The adradial and abradial genital plates are nearly equal in length. The adradial ones are uniformly slender and bar-like while the abradial plates are flat, with a broadened distal portion reminiscent of a hockey stick, and with a longitudinal ridge. The distal edge of the abradial genital plate bears a continuous row of small, blocklike, blunt papillae similar in shape and size to those lining the abradial edge of the genital slit, and forming a well-developed arm comb (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFA4D3770B00F875FD6A07F5" box="[634,726,2001,2028]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., holotype PMO 217.930. A. Specimen preserving the ventral side of about half of the disc area and the proximal section of three arms. B. Drawing detail of the oral region, from D. C. Detail view of the base of an arm showing the arm comb. D. Detail view of the oral region. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; aopa = apical oral papilla; as = arm spine; gpa = genital papilla; lap = lateral arm plate; lopa = lateral oral papilla; op = oral plate; os = oral shield; v = vertebra; 2opa = papilla of the second oral tentacle pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806021/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA5D37609C7FEAFFB2F0202" blockId="17.[189,1399,267,540]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
The six most proximal arm segments are incorporated within the disc. The tentacle pores are enclosed by lateral and ventral arm plates and developed at least until the eighth segment counted from the first segment that is not incorporated into the disc. The pores rapidly decrease in size distalwards. There are at least three very small tentacle scales on the lateral arm plate part of the proximal tentacle pores. The lateral arm plates abut ventrally from the most proximal segments onwards. They are slightly bulging, but not constricted. The ornamentation of the outer surface is not discernible. There are two to three slender spines, the longest of which nearly equals the length of one segment, on each lateral arm plate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFA5D37609BCFDA5FE9E0205" box="[198,290,513,540]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="17.[189,232,1790,1816]" captionTargetBox="[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[216,1372,922,1742]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="Fig. 6. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., holotype PMO 217.930. A. Specimen preserving the ventral side of about half of the disc area and the proximal section of three arms. B. Drawing detail of the oral region, from D. C. Detail view of the base of an arm showing the arm comb. D. Detail view of the oral region. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; aopa = apical oral papilla; as = arm spine; gpa = genital papilla; lap = lateral arm plate; lopa = lateral oral papilla; op = oral plate; os = oral shield; v = vertebra; 2opa = papilla of the second oral tentacle pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806021/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6C</figureCitation>
|
||
). The outline of the ventral arm plates is not discernible from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA5D3760D5EFDA5FB330202" box="[1060,1167,513,539]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA5D37509C7FDE0FDCE01E2" blockId="17.[189,1399,579,852]" lastBlockId="18.[189,1399,267,508]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA5D37609C7FDE0FE980247" box="[189,292,580,606]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
218.001c (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFA5D37608DDFDE7FE500244" box="[423,492,579,605]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionTargetBox="[239,1348,307,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[239,1348,307,1678]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Paratype PMO 218.001c. A. Nearly complete specimen (outlined) preserving five arms and the ventral side of the disc, on a concretion slab with an accumulation of specimens. B. Detail view of arm section. C. Paratype PMO 218.048. Articulated ventral disc preserving good details of the oral plates, the second oral tentacle pores and the rows of papillae bordering the genital slit. D–E. Paratype PMO 218.010b. D. Articulated specimen preserving the basal portion of five arms and showing details of the dorsal disc. E. Detail view of arm section. Abbreviations: aos = adoral shield; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; sart = spine articulation; tp = tentacle pore; vap = ventral arm plate; 2otp = second oral tentacle pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806023/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
A–B) is an articulated disc preserving most of the five arms and exposing the ventral side. Disc diameter is
|
||
<quantity id="F2169B5BFFA5D3760B6EFDC2FDCC0298" box="[532,624,614,641]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Five arm segments are incorporated into the disc. The longest arm is
|
||
<quantity id="F2169B5BFFA5D37609ACFD2DFE9B02BD" box="[214,295,649,676]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="mm" value="32.0">32 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and slowly tapering. It comprises 24 segments counted from the edge of the disc. Proximal segments are wider than long, distalmost segments are clearly elongated. The tentacle openings are developed as pores enclosed by the ventral and lateral arm plates until the eighth segment counted from the disc edge, and developed as perforations within the lateral arm plates in all the following segments, emerging below the ventralmost spine articulation. The lateral arm plates are ventrally abutting in all arm segments. The ventral arm plates are asymmetrically lozenge-shaped and nearly two times wider than long in all segments. Their proximal edge is pointed with an obtuse angle, while their distal edge is slightly convex. The spine articulations are small, sunken into a shallow, dorso-ventral incision of the lateral arm plate outer surface at some distance from the distal edge of the plate. The microstructure of the spine articulations is not discernible. There are at least two spines on each lateral arm plate, but the actual number is not discernible. The outer surface of lateral arm plate is finely meshed stereom devoid of constrictions or conspicuous ornamentation. The presence of spurs on the outer proximal edge of the lateral arm plates cannot be assessed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="61916636FFA5D37609C7F95AFE2C07F5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806021" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3806021" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806021/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" startId="17.[189,232,1790,1816]" targetBox="[216,1372,922,1742]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA5D37609C7F95AFE2C07F5" blockId="17.[189,1399,1790,2028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA5D37609C7F95AFEB60701" bold="true" box="[189,266,1790,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA5D376086BF95AFD460701" authority="Rousseau & Thuy" authorityName="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[273,762,1790,1816]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" genus="Ophioculina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hoybergia" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA5D376086BF95AFD9D0701" box="[273,545,1790,1816]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ophioculina hoybergia</emphasis>
|
||
Rousseau & Thuy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CA957D7FFA5D3760A7BF95AFC0E0701" box="[769,946,1790,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, holotype PMO 217.930.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA5D3760DA5F95AFB480701" bold="true" box="[1247,1268,1790,1816]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Specimen preserving the ventral side of about half of the disc area and the proximal section of three arms.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA5D37609C7F8E0FF6D0747" bold="true" box="[189,209,1860,1886]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Drawing detail of the oral region, from D.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA5D3760B92F8E0FD410747" bold="true" box="[744,765,1860,1886]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail view of the base of an arm showing the arm comb.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA5D3760874F8CCFE9F079B" bold="true" box="[270,291,1896,1922]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail view of the oral region. Abbreviations: abgp = abradial genital plate; adgp = adradial genital plate; aopa = apical oral papilla; as = arm spine; gpa = genital papilla; lap = lateral arm plate; lopa = lateral oral papilla; op = oral plate; os = oral shield; v = vertebra; 2opa = papilla of the second oral tentacle pore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA6D37509C7FD80FB6002E9" blockId="18.[189,1399,547,753]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA6D37509C7FD80FE980227" box="[189,292,548,574]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
PMO 218.048 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFA6D375089DFD87FDF80227" box="[487,580,547,574]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionTargetBox="[239,1348,307,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[239,1348,307,1678]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Paratype PMO 218.001c. A. Nearly complete specimen (outlined) preserving five arms and the ventral side of the disc, on a concretion slab with an accumulation of specimens. B. Detail view of arm section. C. Paratype PMO 218.048. Articulated ventral disc preserving good details of the oral plates, the second oral tentacle pores and the rows of papillae bordering the genital slit. D–E. Paratype PMO 218.010b. D. Articulated specimen preserving the basal portion of five arms and showing details of the dorsal disc. E. Detail view of arm section. Abbreviations: aos = adoral shield; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; sart = spine articulation; tp = tentacle pore; vap = ventral arm plate; 2otp = second oral tentacle pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806023/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
) is an articulated disc with the basal portion of two arms preserved. It is split close to the ventral side and its morphology is in agreement with that of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA6D3750DA8FDE3FA810278" box="[1234,1341,583,609]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The oral plates, the second oral tentacle pores and the rows of papillae bordering the genital slit are better preserved and complement or unambiguously corroborate the observations made on the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA6D3750DA9FD2AFA8202B1" box="[1235,1342,654,680]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The oral shield is arrow-shaped with a right to acute proximal angle and a much narrower rectangular distal portion. The adoral shields are narrow, L-shaped and with pointed, abutting proximal tips.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA6D37509C7FCBCFD990435" blockId="18.[189,1399,792,1068]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA6D37509C7FCBCFE98032B" box="[189,292,792,818]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
PMO 218.010b (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ADD52A3BFFA6D3750895FCBCFD8F032B" box="[495,563,792,818]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="19.[189,232,1718,1744]" captionTargetBox="[239,1348,307,1678]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[239,1348,307,1678]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="Fig. 7. Ophioculina hoybergia Rousseau & Thuy gen. et sp. nov., paratypes. A–B. Paratype PMO 218.001c. A. Nearly complete specimen (outlined) preserving five arms and the ventral side of the disc, on a concretion slab with an accumulation of specimens. B. Detail view of arm section. C. Paratype PMO 218.048. Articulated ventral disc preserving good details of the oral plates, the second oral tentacle pores and the rows of papillae bordering the genital slit. D–E. Paratype PMO 218.010b. D. Articulated specimen preserving the basal portion of five arms and showing details of the dorsal disc. E. Detail view of arm section. Abbreviations: aos = adoral shield; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; sart = spine articulation; tp = tentacle pore; vap = ventral arm plate; 2otp = second oral tentacle pore." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806023/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
D–E) is an articulated, complete dorsal disc preserving basal portion of five arms. The disc diameter is
|
||
<quantity id="F2169B5BFFA6D3750B59FC98FD32034F" box="[547,654,828,854]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.18" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="21.8">21.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The specimen is split closer to the dorsal side than the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA6D3750C72FC98FACF034F" box="[1288,1395,828,854]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The dorsal disc is covered by small, rounded, thin and uniform scales. The radial shields are thicker than the dorsal disc scales, shaped as rounded, isosceles triangles about one and a half times longer than wide. They are about a quarter of the disc radius in length. The radial shields are distally separated from the arm base by the distal portion of the abradial genital plate that bears a continuous row of small, round to square-like papillae. The dorsal arm plates are not visible. The section of the lateral arm plates suggests a rather thin plate architecture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7DF46535FFA6D37309C7FBF0FB2D0258" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="21" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA6D37509C7FBF0FE930477" blockId="18.[189,303,1108,1134]" box="[189,303,1108,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading id="6E1981D2FFA6D37509C7FBF0FE930477" bold="true" box="[189,303,1108,1134]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D37509C7FBF0FE930477" bold="true" box="[189,303,1108,1134]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA6D37509C7FB27FD16056D" blockId="18.[189,1399,1155,1396]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The combination of an arm comb and superficial second oral tentacle pores unambiguously places the Spitsbergen specimens in the suborder
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750BEEFB02FCB704D9" box="[660,779,1190,1216]" class="Ophiuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Ophiurina">Ophiurina</taxonomicName>
|
||
as recently circumscribed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFA6D3750D02FB03FACF04D8" author="O'Hara T. D. & Hugall A. F. & Thuy B. & Stohr S. & Martynov A." box="[1144,1395,1190,1217]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="415 - 430" refId="ref12996" refString="O'Hara T. D., Hugall A. F., Thuy B., Stohr S. & Martynov A. 2017. Restructuring higher taxonomy using broad-scale phylogenomics: the living Ophiuroidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107: 415 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.12.006" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
O’Hara
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750DA0FB03FAAB04D9" box="[1242,1303,1190,1216]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The suborder currently includes the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750B1CFB6EFCAA04FD" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" box="[614,790,1226,1252]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Astrophiuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Astrophiuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the highly modified, asteroid-like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750D90FB6EFEEA0511" authority="Sladen, 1879" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Astrophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750D90FB6EFACB04FD" box="[1258,1399,1226,1252]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Astrophiura</emphasis>
|
||
Sladen, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and its relatives, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750B34FB4AFD6E0511" box="[590,722,1262,1288]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="EA55881CFFA6D3750A3AFB4AFCCF0511" box="[832,883,1262,1288]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">type</typeStatus>
|
||
taxon
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750AB8FB4AFAF90510" authority="ophiura Linnaeus, 1758" authorityName="ophiura Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[962,1349,1262,1289]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ophiura">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750AB8FB4AFB350511" box="[962,1161,1262,1288]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophiura ophiura</emphasis>
|
||
Linnaeus, 1758
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D375083BFAB6FD390535" authority="Clark, 1928" authorityName="Clark" authorityYear="1928" box="[321,645,1298,1324]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiocrossota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D375083BFAB6FE510535" box="[321,493,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophiocrossota</emphasis>
|
||
Clark, 1928
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750BE9FAB6FC0B0535" authority="Lutken, 1855" authorityName="Lutken" authorityYear="1855" box="[659,951,1297,1324]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiocten" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750BE9FAB6FCB10535" box="[659,781,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophiocten</emphasis>
|
||
Lütken, 1855
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750ABCFAB6FAFF0535" authority="Tyler et al., 1995" authorityName="Tyler" authorityYear="1995" box="[966,1347,1297,1324]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophioctenella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750ABCFAB6FBD00535" box="[966,1132,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophioctenella</emphasis>
|
||
Tyler
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750DC1FAB6FB440535" box="[1211,1272,1298,1324]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1995
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D37509C7FA91FE770556" authority="Bell, 1902" authorityName="Bell" authorityYear="1902" box="[189,459,1333,1359]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophionotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D37509C7FA91FEFA0556" box="[189,326,1333,1359]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophionotus</emphasis>
|
||
Bell, 1902
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750B4CFA91FD590556" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1893" box="[566,741,1333,1359]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiopyrgidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
comprising most of the remaining genera of the former subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750840FAFDFD1A056D" authority="(Smith et al. 1995)" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1995" box="[314,678,1369,1396]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ophiurinae">
|
||
Ophiurinae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFA6D37508B7FAFDFD21056D" author="Smith A. B. & Paterson G. L. J. & Lafay B." box="[461,669,1369,1396]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="213 - 243" refId="ref13220" refString="Smith A. B., Paterson G. L. J. & Lafay B. 1995. Ophiuroid phylogeny and higher taxonomy: morphological, molecular and palaeontological perspectives. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 114: 213 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1995. tb 00117 c. x" type="journal article" year="1995">
|
||
Smith
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750B66FAFEFDEB056A" box="[540,599,1369,1395]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA6D37509C7FA3FFEB206EF" blockId="18.[189,1399,1435,1782]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Assignment to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D37508E7FA3FFDF105AC" authorityName="Sladen" authorityYear="1879" box="[413,589,1435,1461]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Astrophiuridae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Astrophiuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be ruled out as the specimens from Spitsbergen lack the highly diagnostic characters of the group. With the other two families of the suborder, however, matters are more complicated. While the specimens from Spitsbergen resemble recent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750D64FA46FB5805E5" authority="ophiura" authorityName="ophiura Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1054,1252,1506,1532]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ophiura">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750D64FA46FB5805E5" box="[1054,1252,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophiura ophiura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with respect to disc morphology and arm skeleton, in particular the orientation of the tentacle notch on the inner side of the lateral arm plate, the development of the tentacle pores in median to distal arm segments rule out most members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D375088CF9E9FDC2067E" box="[502,638,1613,1639]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750BF6F9E9FB8F0671" authority="(H. L. Clark, 1911)" baseAuthorityName="H. L. Clark" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[652,1075,1613,1640]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ooplax">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750BF6F9E9FCF5067E" box="[652,841,1613,1639]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophiura ooplax</emphasis>
|
||
(H.L. Clark, 1911)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an exception within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D37509C7F9D5FEFD0692" box="[189,321,1649,1675]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiuridae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having tentacle pores developed as within-plate perforations on almost all arm segments. With respect to lateral arm plate morphology, in particular the outer surface ornamentation and the development of the spine articulations, however, it differs significantly from the specimens described herein.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA6D37509C7F8BAFB5007F2" blockId="18.[189,1399,1822,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D375098DF8BAFE1A0721" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1893" box="[247,422,1822,1848]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiopyrgidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
include the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750BD8F8BAFB990720" authority="Matsumoto, 1915" authorityName="Matsumoto" authorityYear="1915" box="[674,1061,1822,1849]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiolepididae" genus="Aspidophiura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750BD8F8BAFCFE0721" box="[674,834,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Aspidophiura</emphasis>
|
||
Matsumoto, 1915
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D3750D4DF8BAFAFC0721" authority="Fell, 1961" authorityName="Fell" authorityYear="1961" box="[1079,1344,1822,1848]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Euvondrea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D3750D4DF8BAFB0B0721" box="[1079,1207,1822,1848]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Euvondrea</emphasis>
|
||
Fell, 1961
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D37509C7F8E6FDB40745" authority="Lyman, 1878" authorityName="Lyman" authorityYear="1878" box="[189,520,1858,1884]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiuridae" genus="Ophioplinthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D37509C7F8E6FED90745" box="[189,357,1858,1884]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophioplinthus</emphasis>
|
||
Lyman, 1878
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which combine within-plate tentacle pores and an overall lateral arm plate morphology comparable to that seen in the Spitsbergen specimens. Assignment to any of these genera is nevertheless precluded since they have rudimentary arm combs and within-plate tentacle pores on almost all arm segments outside the disc rather than on median and distal ones only. We therefore propose the new genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA6D37508AAF875FDDF07F2" authority="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy, 2018" authorityName="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[464,611,2001,2027]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" genus="Ophioculina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA6D37508AAF875FDDF07F2" box="[464,611,2001,2027]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ophioculina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CA957D7FFA6D3750B10F875FD6907F2" box="[618,725,2001,2027]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
to accommodate the here-described material.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="61916636FFA7D37409C7F912FF4507F2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3806023" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3806023" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3806023/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" startId="19.[189,232,1718,1744]" targetBox="[239,1348,307,1678]" targetPageId="19">
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA7D37409C7F912FF4507F2" blockId="19.[189,1399,1718,2027]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA7D37409C7F912FEB306C8" bold="true" box="[189,271,1718,1745]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA7D3740861F913FCA406C8" authority="Rousseau & Thuy" authorityName="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[283,792,1719,1745]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" genus="Ophioculina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hoybergia" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA7D3740861F913FD8C06C8" box="[283,560,1719,1745]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ophioculina hoybergia</emphasis>
|
||
Rousseau & Thuy
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CA957D7FFA7D3740A5EF913FC5906C8" box="[804,997,1719,1745]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, paratypes.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA7D3740D03F912FB0C06C9" bold="true" box="[1145,1200,1718,1744]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A–B</emphasis>
|
||
. Paratype PMO 218.001c.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA7D3740842F97EFEF106ED" bold="true" box="[312,333,1754,1780]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Nearly complete specimen (outlined) preserving five arms and the ventral side of the disc, on a concretion slab with an accumulation of specimens.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA7D3740A09F959FC3B070E" bold="true" box="[883,903,1789,1815]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail view of arm section.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA7D3740D93F959FB42070E" bold="true" box="[1257,1278,1789,1815]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Paratype PMO 218.048. Articulated ventral disc preserving good details of the oral plates, the second oral tentacle pores and the rows of papillae bordering the genital slit.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA7D3740A2DF8E0FC320747" bold="true" box="[855,910,1860,1886]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D–E</emphasis>
|
||
. Paratype PMO 218.010b.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA7D3740DAAF8E0FB590747" bold="true" box="[1232,1253,1860,1886]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Articulated specimen preserving the basal portion of five arms and showing details of the dorsal disc.
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA7D3740DB4F8C3FB5E0798" bold="true" box="[1230,1250,1895,1921]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Detail view of arm section. Abbreviations: aos = adoral shield; lap = lateral arm plate; os = oral shield; rs = radial shield; sart = spine articulation; tp = tentacle pore; vap = ventral arm plate; 2otp = second oral tentacle pore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA0D37309C7FEA8FD830177" blockId="20.[189,1399,267,366]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
A definite family-level assignment is hampered by the absence of diagnoses for the clades of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFA0D3730D9BFEAFFEB30153" author="O'Hara T. D. & Hugall A. F. & Thuy B. & Stohr S. & Martynov A." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="415 - 430" refId="ref12996" refString="O'Hara T. D., Hugall A. F., Thuy B., Stohr S. & Martynov A. 2017. Restructuring higher taxonomy using broad-scale phylogenomics: the living Ophiuroidea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 107: 415 - 430. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2016.12.006" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
O’Hara
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA0D3730C44FEA8FACB013C" box="[1342,1399,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2017)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Since
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA0D373081AFE8BFE4F0150" authority="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy, 2018" authorityName="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[352,499,303,329]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" genus="Ophioculina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA0D373081AFE8BFE4F0150" box="[352,499,303,329]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ophioculina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CA957D7FFA0D3730883FE94FDDF0153" box="[505,611,304,330]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="genus">gen. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shares greatest similarities with members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA0D3730DEDFE8BFAF60150" authorityName="Perrier" authorityYear="1893" box="[1175,1354,303,329]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="family">Ophiopyrgidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we tentatively place it in this family.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="355136BEFFA0D37309C7FE32FB2D0258" blockId="20.[189,1399,406,577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA0D37309C7FE32FE6D01A9" authority="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy, 2018" authorityName="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[189,465,406,432]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" genus="Ophioculina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hoybergia" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA0D37309C7FE32FE6D01A9" box="[189,465,406,432]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ophioculina hoybergia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CA957D7FFA0D37308A1FE33FD2A01A8" box="[475,662,407,433]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
likely used its relatively long, flexible arms for locomotion, while the short arm spines might have been used to gather carrion, detritus or prey (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFA0D3730DB0FE1FFF4101E1" author="Hess H. & Meyer C." pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="29 - 40" refId="ref11897" refString="Hess H. & Meyer C. 2008. A new ophiuroid (Geocoma schoentalensis sp. nov.) from the Middle Jurassic of northwestern Switzerland and remarks on the family Aplocomidae Hess, 1965. Swiss Journal of Geosciences 101: 29 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00015 - 008 - 1253 - 5" type="journal article" year="2008">Hess & Meyer 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). At Janusfjellet, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA0D3730B02FE7AFC3701E1" authority="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy, 2018" authorityName="Rousseau & Gale & Thuy" authorityYear="2018" box="[632,907,478,504]" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Ophiopyrgidae" genus="Ophioculina" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="hoybergia" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="079AEAACFFA0D3730B02FE7AFC3701E1" box="[632,907,478,504]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Ophioculina hoybergia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="1CA957D7FFA0D3730AEFFE7BFBF301E0" box="[917,1103,479,505]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
are found stacked up in multiple monospecific layers which may have originated from gregarious behavior of living individuals as commonly seen in modern members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2EE4D3DFFA0D3730BA0FD83FCED0258" box="[730,849,551,577]" class="Ophiuroidea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ophiurida" pageId="20" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="subOrder" subOrder="Ophiurina">Ophiurina</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="517F4B4FFFA0D3730AE1FD83FB380258" author="Fujita T. & Ohta S." box="[923,1156,551,577]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" pagination="113 - 122" refId="ref11371" refString="Fujita T. & Ohta S. 1990. Size structure of dense populations of the brittle star Ophiura sarsii (Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata) in the bathyal zone around Japan. Marine Ecology Progress Series 64: 113 - 122." type="book chapter" year="1990">Fujita & Ohta 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |