145 lines
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145 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.56.526" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bd735e98-6e44-4e43-bb1f-4b25d02aed80" ID-PMC="PMC3088325" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-56-191" ID-PubMed="21594180" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-56-191" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 56" ModsDocTitle="Five new species of Triotemnus(Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Morocco and Yemen" checkinTime="1451250994720" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knizek, Milos" docDate="2010" docId="B5C634B65856DB364D9684C70B90CE1A" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 56: 191-206" docOrigin="ZooKeys 56" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.56.526" docTitle="Triotemnus Wollaston" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="193" masterDocId="4906FFE2FF84B407FFF2FFD5FFCAFFF8" masterDocTitle="Five new species of Triotemnus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Morocco and Yemen" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="191" pageNumber="193" updateTime="1668162617516" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Five new species of Triotemnus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Morocco and Yemen</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Knizek, Milos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>56</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>191</mods:start>
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<mods:end>206</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.56.526</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.56.526</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-56-191</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359896" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:B5C634B65856DB364D9684C70B90CE1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B5C634B65856DB364D9684C70B90CE1A" lastPageNumber="193" pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="193" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
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<taxonomicName authority="Wollaston" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triotemnus Wollaston</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="193" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cladoctoporcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladoctoporcus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cladoctoporcus</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1975. Type species
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cladoctoporcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladoctoporcus scrofa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrofa">Cladoctoporcus scrofa</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1975
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="193" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus subretusus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="subretusus">Triotemnus subretusus</taxonomicName>
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Wollaston, 1864
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="193" type="note">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Note.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
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The position of the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triotemnus</taxonomicName>
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Wollaston within the higher systematics of bark beetles has changed frequently since its origin. The very first attempt to range the genus within the higher systematics was made by
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<bibRefCitation author="Ferrari, JA" journalOrPublisher="Carl Gerold's Sohn, Wien" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" title="Die Forst- und Baumzuchtschaedlichen Borkenkaefer (Tomicides Lac.) aus der Familie der Holzverderber (Scolytides Lac.), mit besonderer Beruecksichtigung vorzueglich der europaeischen Formen, und der Sammlung des k. k. zoologischen Kabinetes in Wien." year="1867">Ferrari 1867</bibRefCitation>
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, who recognized 6 groups of scolytids and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triotemnus</taxonomicName>
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was placed into Group 5 - Tomicides. Later, many different authors placed the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triotemnus</taxonomicName>
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in different tribes, but three main transfers were particularly important.
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<bibRefCitation author="Hagedorn, JM" journalOrPublisher="Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" pagination="369 - 382" title="Diagnosen bisher unbeschriebener Borkenkaefer." volume="1908" year="1908">Hagedorn 1908</bibRefCitation>
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suggested that the genus belongs to the family
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<taxonomicName family="Crypturgidae" lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" rank="family">Crypturgidae</taxonomicName>
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, followed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Hopkins, AD" journalOrPublisher="Government Printing Office, Washington" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" pagination="165 - 232" title="Contributions toward a monograph of the scolytid beetles. II. Preliminary classification of the superfamily Scolytoidea." volumeTitle="United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Series, No. 17." year="1915">Hopkins 1915</bibRefCitation>
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, which ranked it at subfamily level. This was followed by
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<bibRefCitation author="Schedl, KE" editor="Winkler, A" journalOrPublisher="Albert Winkler, Wien" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" pagination="1632 - 1647" title="Scolytidae." volumeTitle="Catalogus Coleopterorum regionis palaearcticae." year="1932">Schedl 1932</bibRefCitation>
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, which placed it into the tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" rank="tribe" tribe="Crypturgini">Crypturgini</taxonomicName>
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LeConte, 1876. Later it was transferred to the tribe
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" rank="tribe" tribe="Thamnurgini">Thamnurgini</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Nüsslin">Nuesslin</normalizedToken>
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, 1911 by
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<bibRefCitation author="Balachowsky, A" journalOrPublisher="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" title="Faune de France, 50, Coleopteres Scolytides." year="1949 a">Balachowsky 1949a</bibRefCitation>
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and afterwards into
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" rank="tribe" tribe="Dryocoetini">Dryocoetini</taxonomicName>
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Lindemann, 1876 by
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Brigham Young University, Provo" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" title="A Reclassification of the Genera af Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." volumeTitle="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs, Number 10." year="1986">Wood 1986</bibRefCitation>
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, in which it is remaining in the most modern system and the most important recent papers until now, with one exception of
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<bibRefCitation author="Pfeffer, A" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" pagination="5 - 310" title="Zentral- und westpalaearktische Borken- und Kernkaefer (Coleoptera, Scolytidae, Platypodidae)." volume="17" year="1995">Pfeffer 1995</bibRefCitation>
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, which followed
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<bibRefCitation author="Balachowsky, A" journalOrPublisher="Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" title="Faune de France, 50, Coleopteres Scolytides." year="1949 a">Balachowsky 1949a</bibRefCitation>
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. There is only one synonymy at the generic level, the monobasic genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cladoctoporcus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cladoctoporcus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cladoctoporcus</taxonomicName>
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Schedl, 1975 was synonymized by
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" pagination="223 - 230" title="New generic synonymy and new genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera)." volume="44" year="1984">Wood (1984)</bibRefCitation>
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. All other species currently included in the genus were originally described in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triotemnus</taxonomicName>
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, except
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus grangeri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grangeri">Triotemnus grangeri</taxonomicName>
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(Peyerimhoff, 1919), which was originally described under the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lymantor" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymantor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lymantor</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Løvendal">Lovendal</normalizedToken>
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, 1889 and was transferred to
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triotemnus</taxonomicName>
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by Peyerimhoff in 1949.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="193" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="193">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
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Length 1.2 - 2.3 mm, slender, cylindrical body form, reddish to dark brown, antennae and legs lighter. Male frons flattened to concave. Eyes emarginate on anterior margin around the antennal insertion. Each mandible with short or long pointed tooth-like process directed upward. Antennal funicle 4- or 5-segmented (3-segmented in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus scrofa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scrofa">Triotemnus scrofa</taxonomicName>
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), antennal club longitudinally oval, usually with two sutures in apical part on anterior side. Pronotum oval or cylindrical, longer than wide, feebly declivous anteriorly, distinctly punctured, usually with impunctate median longitudinal area, not armed on basal margin. Scutellum visible, rather small, flush with elytra. Elytra cylindrical, sometimes widened or narrowed posteriorly, more or less deeply punctured in striae, finely punctured in interstriae, interstriae flat, usually smooth or minutely granulate, elytral declivity regularly rounded or flattened, sometimes with distinct lateral edges. Vestiture usually of long erected hair-like setae, these setae may be longer anteriorly, laterally and posteriorly. Procoxae contiguous, lateral margin of protibia armed by 4-5 socketed teeth. Female similar to male, except frons slightly convex, mandibles without the tooth-like processes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="193">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triotemnus</taxonomicName>
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Wollaston, 1864 differs from closely related genera (e.g.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Thamnurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thamnurgus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Thamnurgus</taxonomicName>
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Eichhoff, 1864,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Xylocleptes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Xylocleptes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Xylocleptes</taxonomicName>
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Ferrari, 1867 and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Lymantor" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Lymantor" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Lymantor</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Løvendal">Lovendal</normalizedToken>
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, 1889) mainly by modified frons in males with tooth-like processes on mandibles, feebly if at all declivous pronotum, which is unarmed on anterior margin.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tiarophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tiarophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tiarophorus</taxonomicName>
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Schreiner, 1882 has much longer pronotum and strongly, but differently modified frons in males and 6-segmented antennal funicle. Some species ranged in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tiarophorus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tiarophorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tiarophorus</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Brigham Young University, Provo" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" title="A Catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic index. Volume A." volumeTitle="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" year="1992">Wood and Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
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) are recently considered under
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Pseudothamnurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudothamnurgus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudothamnurgus</taxonomicName>
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Eggers, 1912 (e.g.
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<bibRefCitation author="Pfeffer, A" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Basiliensia" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" pagination="5 - 310" title="Zentral- und westpalaearktische Borken- und Kernkaefer (Coleoptera, Scolytidae, Platypodidae)." volume="17" year="1995">Pfeffer 1995</bibRefCitation>
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). Solving the relationship of this genus/species with
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Triotemnus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triotemnus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triotemnus</taxonomicName>
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remains for the future study.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Taphronurgus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Taphronurgus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Taphronurgus</taxonomicName>
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Reitter, 1913 has no tooth-like processes on mandibles in males. The most similar
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Cynanchophagus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cynanchophagus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="193" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cynanchophagus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Aksent’ev">Aksent'ev</normalizedToken>
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, 1987 has much longer pronotum and 7-9 socketed protibial teeth (
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<bibRefCitation author="Mandelshtam, MYu" journalOrPublisher="Petersburg" pageId="12" pageNumber="203" pagination="213 - 218" title="A new and poorly known species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) from Middle Asia. Proceedings of the Russian Entomological Society St." volume="77" year="2006">Mandelshtam et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |