174 lines
17 KiB
XML
174 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657270" ID-GBIF-Dataset="bff05bfd-3c82-4fdb-b873-50f234f60d30" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784131" ID-ISSN="0067-1975" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657270" checkinTime="1617214857572" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Colless, D. H." docDate="1998" docId="9A5987F81635FFFAFE1AF510FDE3F663" docLanguage="en" docName="RecAustMus.50.1.85-123.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Records of the Australian Museum 50 (1)" docSource="https://journals.australian.museum/colless-1998-rec-aust-mus-501-85123/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:CF64E561BE6B94FA5F31B9132C6D4316.1:RecAustMus.1998.journal_article" docStyleId="CF64E561BE6B94FA5F31B9132C6D4316" docStyleName="RecAustMus.1998.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Amenia chrysame" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="6660FF80163DFFF0FFF8FF9FFFC7FFB7" masterDocTitle="Morphometrics in the genus Amenia and revisionary notes on the Australian Ameniinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with the description of eight new species" masterLastPageNumber="123" masterPageNumber="85" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1632098442875" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Morphometrics in the genus Amenia and revisionary notes on the Australian Ameniinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae), with the description of eight new species</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Colless, D. H.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Records of the Australian Museum</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>1998</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>1998-05-13</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>50</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>85</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>123</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>https://journals.australian.museum/colless-1998-rec-aust-mus-501-85123/</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.3853/j.0067-1975.50.1998.1275</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">bff05bfd-3c82-4fdb-b873-50f234f60d30</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">0067-1975</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">4652889</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657270" ID-GBIF-Taxon="180784131" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657270" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A5987F81635FFFAFE1AF510FDE3F663" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A5987F81635FFFAFE1AF510FDE3F663" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<subSubSection box="[482,983,2703,2742]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[482,983,2703,2742]" box="[482,983,2703,2742]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<heading box="[482,983,2703,2742]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" reason="2">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[482,983,2703,2742]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysame">
|
||
<emphasis box="[482,810,2703,2742]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Amenia chrysame</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[240,1227,2808,3168]" lastBlockId="8.[1298,2287,1987,3176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3066479304" collectionCode="OI" country="Australia" county="FrwlPdc" location="Like" municipality="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="100">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A5987F81635FFFAFE1AF510FDE3F663:172F60351635FFF8FF09F567FEFBF4A8" box="[241,316,2808,2847]" country="Australia" county="FrwlPdc" municipality="The" name="Like" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Like</location>
|
||
the several preceding species,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[831,1041,2808,2847]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysame">
|
||
<emphasis box="[831,1041,2808,2847]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">A. chrysame</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a wide distribution in eastern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[622,776,2854,2893]" name="Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[803,931,2854,2893]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="9.[444,550,3125,3162]" captionTargetBox="[553,1986,1950,3083]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 10. Distributions of Amenia chrysame (circles), Amenia nigromaculata (triangles), and Amenia sexpunctata (squares) (overlapping records omitted)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4652909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4652909/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A5987F81635FFFAFE1AF510FDE3F663:172F60351635FFF8FC3EF4B9FC28F4FA" box="[966,1007,2854,2893]" country="Australia" county="FrwlPdc" municipality="The" name="To" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">To</location>
|
||
test whether it, too, might display significant geographic variation, a preliminary analysis was made of 6 measurements and 4 bristle characters on a small set of specimens.
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A5987F81635FFFAFE1AF510FDE3F663:172F60351635FFF8FB84F42FFB0EF460" box="[1148,1225,2992,3031]" country="Australia" county="FrwlPdc" municipality="The" name="This" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">This</location>
|
||
suggested that frons-width
|
||
<emphasis box="[712,800,3038,3077]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">(Frw,</emphasis>
|
||
as defined above) does, indeed, vary geographically.
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[792,860,3084,3123]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">The</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
ratio
|
||
<emphasis box="[985,1139,3084,3123]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<collectingCounty box="[985,1139,3084,3123]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">FrwlPdc</collectingCounty>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
was therefore measured on
|
||
<specimenCount box="[650,907,3130,3168]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" type="generic">100 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, selected to cover the species' range. The ratio proved to have a highly significant regression on latitude (p<O.
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1998,2045,2034,2073]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">OI</collectionCode>
|
||
). However, a scatter-plot (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1522,1651,2080,2119]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="10.[398,505,1757,1795]" captionTargetBox="[607,1883,406,1696]" captionText="Figure 11. Scatter-plot of 100 specimens of Amenia chrysame; axis I-FrwlPdc (see text); axis 2-latitude" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) shows that the regression reflects, not a regular c1ine, but an abrupt shift in average frons width at about 26 degrees south. Separate analyses of specimens from north and south of the 26th. parallel show no significant regression on latitude. However, the mean frons ratios were 0.27 and 0.20 respectively-a difference that, although small, is statistically highly significant (p<O.OI for t-test)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[1298,2287,1987,3176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
|
||
On present evidence, I would interpret this as simple geographic variation; but the reason for its occurrence is not at all obvious. Perhaps it reflects some ancient physiographic discontinuity that has long since disappeared-indeed, perhaps the same one that gave rise to
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1428,1618,2677,2716]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leonina">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1428,1618,2677,2716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">A. leonina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1714,2021,2677,2716]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colless" authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName=", Crosskey" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1714,2016,2677,2716]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomaculata">A. albomaculata</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The matter is further discussed in Part 3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[1298,2287,1987,3176]" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1346,1519,2769,2808]" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="10.[398,505,1757,1795]" captionTargetBox="[607,1883,406,1696]" captionText="Figure 11. Scatter-plot of 100 specimens of Amenia chrysame; axis I-FrwlPdc (see text); axis 2-latitude" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657066/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="93">Figure 11</figureCitation>
|
||
shows several other interesting features: (a) a deficiency of specimens with relatively narrow frons in places between 28 and 31 degrees south; (b) an apparent surplus of such specimens in places between 26 and 28 degrees south-i.e., in the general vicinity of Brisbane; (c) a deficiency of specimens with relatively wide frons in places between 31 and 35 degrees south. If these represent more than fortuitous statistical fluctuations, I am at a loss to explain them.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657050" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657050" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657050/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" targetBox="[683,1959,383,1655]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[450,2178,1726,1887]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[450,555,1726,1762]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Figure</emphasis>
|
||
9. Ordination of 98 males of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Colless" authorityYear="1998" baseAuthorityName=", Crosskey" baseAuthorityYear="1965" box="[1026,1361,1726,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albomaculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1026,1361,1726,1762]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Amenia albomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and 107 of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1555,1808,1726,1762]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[1555,1802,1726,1762]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leonina">Amenia leonina</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
axis
|
||
<emphasis box="[1900,2101,1726,1762]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">I-HdwIPdc;</emphasis>
|
||
axis
|
||
<emphasis box="[451,646,1768,1805]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">2-FrwIPdc.</emphasis>
|
||
Filled
|
||
<emphasis box="[766,1028,1768,1805]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">circles-leonina;</emphasis>
|
||
filled
|
||
<emphasis box="[1140,1526,1768,1805]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">triangles-albomaculata;</emphasis>
|
||
open circles-"aberrant" specimens (see text); open
|
||
<emphasis box="[632,1012,1810,1847]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">triangles-albomaculata</emphasis>
|
||
"marginal" specimens (2 coinciding; see text); open reversed triangles "New England form"; open diamonds-"Southern form".
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4652909" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4652909" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4652909/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" startId="9.[444,550,3125,3162]" targetBox="[553,1986,1950,3083]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[444,2176,3125,3203]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[444,603,3125,3162]" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Distributions of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[859,1129,3125,3162]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysame">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,1129,3125,3162]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Amenia chrysame</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(circles),
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1929" box="[1278,1625,3125,3162]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigromaculata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1278,1625,3125,3162]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Amenia nigromaculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(triangles), and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Malloch" authorityYear="1933" box="[1871,2176,3125,3162]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sexpunctata">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1871,2176,3125,3162]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="94">Amenia sexpunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(squares) (overlapping records omitted).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4657066" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4657066" box="[398,2126,1757,1795]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4657066/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="95" targetBox="[607,1883,406,1696]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[398,2126,1757,1835]" box="[398,2126,1757,1795]" pageId="10" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Figure 11. Scatter-plot of 100 specimens of
|
||
<emphasis box="[1116,1406,1757,1795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1849" box="[1116,1400,1757,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Calliphoridae" genus="Amenia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chrysame">Amenia chrysame</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
axis
|
||
<emphasis box="[1504,1689,1757,1795]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="95">I-FrwlPdc</emphasis>
|
||
(see text); axis 2-latitude
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[398,2126,1757,1835]" box="[399,850,1799,1835]" pageId="10" pageNumber="95">(midline marked in degrees).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[416,1050,1959,1999]" box="[416,1050,1959,1999]" pageId="10" pageNumber="95">PART 2. FORMAL TAXONOMY</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[241,1225,2064,2516]" pageId="10" pageNumber="95">
|
||
In this section I formalise the taxonomic decisions foreshadowed in the section on morphometrics and also describe several new species that have come to hand, together with new records and occasional notes on other species. "Specimens examined" are listed only for new species and diagnoses are left to be inferred from the keys. Original descriptions and synonymies are not cited, since they were more than adequately handled by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." pageId="10" pageNumber="95" pagination="33 - 140" refId="ref24684" refString="Crosskey, R. W., 1965. A systematic revision of the Ameniinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 16: 33 - 140." type="journal article" year="1965">Crosskey (1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." box="[372,455,2431,2472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="95" pagination="37 - 338" refId="ref24721" refString="Crosskey, R. W., 1969. The Ameniinae (Diptera: Calliphoridae) of the Noona Dan Expedition, with other new records from the Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea and Moluccas. Entomologiske Medde 1 elser 327: 37 - 338." type="journal article" year="1969">1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crosskey, R. W." box="[485,568,2431,2472]" pageId="10" pageNumber="95" pagination="97 - 102" refId="ref24767" refString="Crosskey, R. W., 1972. A new species and new synonymy in the genus Silbomyia Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Journal of Entomology (series B) 41: 97 - 102." type="journal article" year="1972">1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and have been recently collated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kurahashi, H." box="[241,543,2477,2516]" pageId="10" pageNumber="95" pagination="86" refId="ref24889" refString="Kurahashi, H., 1989. 109. Family Calliphoridae. In (N. Evenhuis, ed.) Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanic Regions Bishop Museum Special Publication 86. Bishop Museum Press and EJ. Brill: Honolulu and Leiden." type="book chapter" year="1989">Kurahashi (1989)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |