514 lines
58 KiB
XML
514 lines
58 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762572" ID-ZooBank="BCB16227-6F0C-45A9-93E0-4079C25998CD" checkinTime="1679558693134" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hassan, Muhammad Asghar, Akhtar, Saleem, Zheng, Yuchen & Liu, Xingyue" docDate="2023" docId="9A231771FFA6E851B8CEFF6853BF523A" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5256.6.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5256 (6)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Lateral 1842" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="579" masterDocId="661A6F09FFAFE85FB859FFFF5133505B" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Palparini Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Pakistan" masterLastPageNumber="588" masterPageNumber="565" pageNumber="574" updateTime="1679593278758" updateUser="juliana" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Palparini Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Pakistan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Hassan, Muhammad Asghar</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2590-5781</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>kakojan 112 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2590 - 5781</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">kakojan112@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Akhtar, Saleem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-3641-6238</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Directorate of Entomology, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. saleemakhtar. ento @ gmail. com & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3641 - 6238</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Zheng, Yuchen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-2397-2008</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>s 20193192649 @ cau. edu. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2397 - 2008</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s20193192649@cau.edu.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Liu, Xingyue</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0002-9168-0659</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>xingyue _ liu @ yahoo. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9168 - 0659</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">xingyue_liu@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-03-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5256</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>6</mods:number>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>565</mods:start>
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<mods:end>588</mods:end>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3</mods:url>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5256.6.3</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7762572</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">BCB16227-6F0C-45A9-93E0-4079C25998CD</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A231771FFA6E851B8CEFF6853BF523A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9A231771FFA6E851B8CEFF6853BF523A" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="579" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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<subSubSection box="[151,550,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[151,550,151,213]" box="[151,550,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,550,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="75JTK" authority="Rambur, 1842" authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,550,151,178]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,550,151,178]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,365,151,178]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Palpares zebratus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Rambur, M. P." box="[373,550,151,177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" refId="ref11110" refString="Rambur, M. P. (1842) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Nevropteres. Fain et Thunot, Paris, 534 pp. [BotN ref # 5314]" type="book" year="1842">Rambur, 1842</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection box="[151,280,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" type="description">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[151,550,151,213]" box="[151,280,187,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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(
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<figureCitation box="[159,272,187,213]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 6" captionStart-1="FIGURE 7" captionStart-2="FIGURE 8" captionStart-3="FIGURE 9" captionStart-4="FIGURE 10" captionStart-5="FIGURE 11" captionStartId-0="10.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionStartId-1="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-2="12.[151,250,1570,1594]" captionStartId-3="13.[151,250,1016,1040]" captionStartId-4="13.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionStartId-5="14.[151,250,1609,1633]" captionTargetBox-0="[152,1437,195,1884]" captionTargetBox-1="[171,1416,224,1920]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1437,181,1536]" captionTargetBox-3="[225,1356,189,985]" captionTargetBox-4="[243,1344,1074,1930]" captionTargetBox-5="[179,1407,652,1572]" captionTargetId-0="figure-21@10.[151,1437,181,1884]" captionTargetId-1="figure-20@11.[166,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetId-2="figure-21@12.[151,1437,181,1546]" captionTargetId-3="figure-20@13.[225,1362,181,993]" captionTargetId-4="figure-37@13.[229,1359,1065,1943]" captionTargetId-5="figure-237@14.[164,1423,633,1586]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionTargetPageId-4="13" captionTargetPageId-5="14" captionText-0="FIGURE 6. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Male habitus from Pakistan; B. Palpares trichogaster Navás, holotype male. Scale bar: 10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 7. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, frontal view; C. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; D. Labial palp, lateral view; E. Palpimacula, lateral view; F. Same, dorsal view; G. Face, frontal view of male holotype. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (A–C)." captionText-2="FIGURE 8. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Lateral habitus of male holotype; B. Lateral habitus, male from Pakistan. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (B)." captionText-3="FIGURE 9. Palpares zebratus Rambur. Male. Right fore and hindwing. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 10. Palpares zebratus Rambur.A. Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Male sternite 9; C. Gonocoxites gx 9 + gx 11, dorsal view; D. Gonocoxites gx 9 + gx 11, ventral view; E. Gonocoxites gx 9 + gx 11, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 11. Regional distribution map of Palpares zebratus Rambur in Pakistan." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762584" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762586" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762588" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762590" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762592" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762594" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/7762584/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/7762586/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/7762588/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/7762590/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/7762592/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/7762594/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Figs 6–11</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="574" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1419,256,343]" box="[151,1196,256,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,1196,256,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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<treatmentCitation author="Rambur, M. P." box="[151,539,256,280]" page="371" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" year="1842">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="75JTK" authority="Rambur, 1842: 371" authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityPageNumber="371" authorityYear="1842" box="[151,539,256,280]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
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<emphasis box="[151,334,256,280]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Palpares zebratus</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation box="[340,539,256,280]" country="India" location="Tamil Nadu" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tamil Nadu" typeStatus="holotype">
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<bibRefCitation author="Rambur, M. P." box="[340,539,256,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" refId="ref11110" refString="Rambur, M. P. (1842) Histoire naturelle des Insectes. Nevropteres. Fain et Thunot, Paris, 534 pp. [BotN ref # 5314]" type="book" year="1842">Rambur, 1842: 371</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Type locality:
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<collectingCountry box="[694,746,256,280]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">India</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[759,885,256,280]" country="India" name="Tamil Nadu" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Tamil Nadu</collectingRegion>
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: Pondicherry).
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<typeStatus box="[1039,1133,256,280]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1419,256,343]" box="[151,1336,286,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,1336,286,311]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Navas, L." box="[151,559,286,310]" page="481" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" year="1913">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4C6RZ" authority="Navas, 1913: 481" authorityName="Navas" authorityPageNumber="481" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,559,286,310]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichogaster">
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||
<emphasis box="[151,372,286,310]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Palpares trichogaster</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation box="[378,559,286,310]" country="Pakistan" location="Manora" municipality="Karachi" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Sindh" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Navas, L." box="[378,559,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" pagination="479 - 514" refId="ref10736" refString="Navas, L. (1913) Mis excursiones por el extranjero en el verano de 1912 (25 Julio - 16 Septiembre). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, Series 3, 10, 479 - 514. [BotN ref # 574]" type="journal article" year="1913">Navás, 1913: 481</bibRefCitation>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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. Type locality:
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<collectingCountry box="[714,800,286,310]" name="Pakistan" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
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(
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<collectingRegion box="[814,878,286,310]" country="Pakistan" name="Sindh" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Sindh</collectingRegion>
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:
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<collectingMunicipality box="[888,971,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Karachi</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9A231771FFA6E851B8CEFF6853BF523A:1755F0BCFFA6E856BB8DFEE1551B516D" box="[980,1064,286,310]" country="Pakistan" municipality="Karachi" name="Manora" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" stateProvince="Sindh">Manora</location>
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).
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<typeStatus box="[1080,1174,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Holotype</typeStatus>
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male.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1243,1336,286,310]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">syn. nov.</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1419,256,343]" box="[151,1419,317,343]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup box="[151,1419,317,343]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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||
<treatmentCitation author="Navas, L." box="[151,491,317,341]" page="77" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" year="1931">
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<taxonomicName ID-CoL="4C6QB" authority="Navas, 1931: 77" authorityName="Navas" authorityPageNumber="77" authorityYear="1931" box="[151,491,317,341]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">
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<emphasis box="[151,317,317,341]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Palpares nobilis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Navas, L." box="[323,491,317,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" pagination="74 - 92" refId="ref10864" refString="Navas, L. (1931) Comunicaciones entomologicas. 13. Insectos de la India. 3. a serie. Revista de la [Real] Academia de Ciencias Exactas Fisico-Quimicas y Naturales de Zaragoza, 14, 74 - 92. [BotN ref # 891]" type="journal article" year="1931">Navás, 1931: 77</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Type locality:
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<collectingCountry box="[647,702,317,341]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">India</collectingCountry>
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.
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<typeStatus box="[712,806,317,341]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Holotype</typeStatus>
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female. Synonymized by
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<treatmentCitation author="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L." box="[1071,1415,317,343]" page="87" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" year="2018">
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||
<bibRefCitation author="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L." box="[1071,1415,317,343]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" pagination="85 - 101" refId="ref9216" refString="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L. (2018) Little-known and synonymous antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 123, 85 - 101. [BotN ref # 18879] https: // doi. org / 10.32475 / bsef _ 1967" type="journal article" year="2018">Giacomino & Ábrahám, 2018: 87</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="574" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,274,387,413]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[283,488,387,413]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
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<emphasis box="[283,488,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Palpares zebratus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is similar to
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Klug in Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1834" box="[646,875,387,413]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
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<emphasis box="[646,875,387,413]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Palpares cephalotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in external morphology and wing markings, but can be distinguished by short white setae only limited to tergites 1–2 and proximal 1/3 of tergite 3 (
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<figureCitation box="[1272,1397,423,449]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[166,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, frontal view; C. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; D. Labial palp, lateral view; E. Palpimacula, lateral view; F. Same, dorsal view; G. Face, frontal view of male holotype. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762586/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Fig. 7A–B</figureCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Klug in Ehrenberg" baseAuthorityYear="1834" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cephalotes">
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||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">P. cephalotes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has tergites
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<quantity box="[409,479,459,486]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" metricValueMax="12.7" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" unit="in" value="3.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="1.0">1–5 in</quantity>
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||
males densely covered with long white setae (
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||
<bibRefCitation author="El Hamouly, H. & Sawaby, R. F. & Abu El-Hassan, G." box="[995,1258,459,485]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" pagination="85 - 97" refId="ref9058" refString="El Hamouly, H., Sawaby, R. F. & Abu El-Hassan, G. (2019) Review of Subfamily Palparinae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Egypt. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences A, Entomology, 12, 85 - 97. [BotN ref # 18896] https: // doi. org / 10.21608 / eajbsa. 2019.29777" type="journal article" year="2019">
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||
El Hamouly
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||
<emphasis box="[1138,1193,459,485]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">et al.</emphasis>
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2019
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||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; fig. 3f), but the abdomen of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[291,414,495,521]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
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||
<emphasis box="[291,414,495,521]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">P. zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
is missing in the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[610,658,496,522]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">type</typeStatus>
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||
photographs provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L." box="[953,1293,495,524]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" pagination="85 - 101" refId="ref9216" refString="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L. (2018) Little-known and synonymous antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 123, 85 - 101. [BotN ref # 18879] https: // doi. org / 10.32475 / bsef _ 1967" type="journal article" year="2018">Giacomino & Ábrahám (2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; fig. 1). This diagnosis is based on male individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[619,863,531,557]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichogaster">
|
||
<emphasis box="[619,863,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Palpares trichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a new synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[1090,1212,531,557]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1090,1212,531,557]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">P. zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="577" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,363,567,593]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Measurement</emphasis>
|
||
(♁n=1). Forewing length 65.0 mm, width
|
||
<quantity box="[842,945,567,594]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.81" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" unit="mm" value="18.1">18.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; hindwing length 60.0 mm, width
|
||
<quantity box="[1329,1432,567,594]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" unit="mm" value="16.5">16.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
; body length 79.0 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,373,639,665]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Redescription.</emphasis>
|
||
Head wider than prothorax (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[704,827,639,665]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[166,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, frontal view; C. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; D. Labial palp, lateral view; E. Palpimacula, lateral view; F. Same, dorsal view; G. Face, frontal view of male holotype. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762586/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Fig. 7B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Face yellow with short white setae. Frons brownish yellow. Vertex raised, with median longitudinal suture, brownish yellow, with a median brownish marking, narrow at posterior margin, covered with short white setae. Antenna missing in the studied and
|
||
<typeStatus box="[1165,1213,712,738]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species. Scape and pedicel brownish, with short black and white setae. Clypeus and labrum yellow with short white setae. Maxillary and labial palps brownish yellow. Labial palp large, palpimacula clavate, covered with short brown setae, sensory slit reaching apex (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[364,485,819,845]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[166,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, frontal view; C. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; D. Labial palp, lateral view; E. Palpimacula, lateral view; F. Same, dorsal view; G. Face, frontal view of male holotype. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762586/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Fig. 7D–F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
|
||
Thorax (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[293,381,855,881]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,224,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-20@11.[166,1422,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, frontal view; C. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; D. Labial palp, lateral view; E. Palpimacula, lateral view; F. Same, dorsal view; G. Face, frontal view of male holotype. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (A–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762586/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prothorax short, much broader than long, pronotum yellow with a median and lateral brownish stripe, covered with long white setae, except posterior margin of median black stripe with black setae. Mesoand metathorax brown with yellow stripes, densely covered with yellow long fine setae. Mesoprescutum brown, with lateral margins yellow; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum brown with a pair of narrow median yellow stripes; metaprescutum brown, metascutum yellow with a median brownish longitudinal stripe, metascutellum brown with hind margin yellow; meso- and metathorax covered with brownish setae, laterally with long dense white setae. Pleurite densely covered with long white setae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[688,811,1071,1097]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1536]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1437,181,1546]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Lateral habitus of male holotype; B. Lateral habitus, male from Pakistan. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762588/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Fig. 8A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
|
||
Wings (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[289,360,1107,1133]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1016,1040]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,189,985]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[225,1362,181,993]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Palpares zebratus Rambur. Male. Right fore and hindwing. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762590/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Narrow at base, wider towards apex; highly diffused brown markings present; veins mainly covered with short black setae; forewing slightly longer than hindwing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Forewing. Costal, apical and hind margins with many irregular brown markings, particularly on crossveins; three distinct pale brown markings present; basal marking linear; second marking quadrate, divided at MA, posterior marking with irregular shape; third marking oblique at apical margin. Longitudinal veins dark brown; base of C brownish yellow; Sc with alternating yellow and brown sections after first marking; Rs and MA brownish yellow; base of Cu brownish yellow; anterior fork of CuA with alternating brown and yellow sections; CuP slightly yellow at base and apex; 1A–3A with alternating brown and yellow sections. Crossveins yellow. Rs arises just beyond cubital fork; 6–8 presectoral crossveins and one or two crossveins proximal to origin of Rs biaereolated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
|
||
Hindwing. Costal, apical and hind margins with many irregular markings; five prominent pale brown markings present; basal marking of variable shape, circular at base, slightly narrow at recurrent vein, followed by slightly curved posterior margin; second, third and fourth markings are originated from R, not reaching at hind margins; second marking variable in shape; third marking quadrate proximad basal half, distinctly curved at distal half; fourth marking divided into two independent circular markings; apical marking with two independent parallel spots, posterior marking reaching at apical margin. Longitudinal veins mainly dark brown; base of C brownish yellow; Sc with alternating brown and yellow sections after second marking; Rs and MA brownish yellow; MP brownish yellow at base, anterior branch with alternating brown and yellow sections; Rv brownish yellow apically; CuA proximally brownish yellow; CuP slightly yellow at proximal and distal margin; distal half of 1A–3A light yellow, covered with distinct black setae, proximal to 3A with some long white setae. Rs arises at same level to MP fork; two presectoral crossveins, basal crossvein proximal to origin of Rs biaereolated (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1019,1087,1791,1817]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1016,1040]" captionTargetBox="[225,1356,189,985]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[225,1362,181,993]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 9. Palpares zebratus Rambur. Male. Right fore and hindwing. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762590" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762590/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pilula axillaris dark brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
|
||
Legs (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[268,390,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1536]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1437,181,1546]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Lateral habitus of male holotype; B. Lateral habitus, male from Pakistan. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762588/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Fig. 8A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Brownish, densely covered with short white and long black setae; coxa with long white setae; tibial spurs and pretarsal claws dark brown; tibial spurs nearly equal to Ta
|
||
<quantity box="[975,1015,1863,1889]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
foreleg, extending to just beyond Ta
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="9" pageNumber="574" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
mid and hind leg; Ta1–Ta4 short, Ta5 long, approximately equal to combined length of Ta1–Ta4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="9.[151,1437,387,2034]" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">
|
||
Abdomen (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[325,448,1935,1961]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1908,1932]" captionTargetBox="[152,1437,195,1884]" captionTargetId="figure-21@10.[151,1437,181,1884]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Male habitus from Pakistan; B. Palpares trichogaster Navás, holotype male. Scale bar: 10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762584/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="574">Fig. 6A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Brownish, tergites 1–2 covered with long white setae; tergite 3 with mixed short white, and long black setae; tergites 4–8 with short black setae; sternite 1 covered with long white setae; sternite 2 with wholly short white setae or at proximal 1/3 with a few short black setae; sternites 3-6 with short black setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762584" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762584" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762584/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" startId="10.[151,250,1908,1932]" targetBox="[152,1437,195,1884]" targetPageId="10">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="10.[151,1436,1908,1968]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1908,1932]" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rambur. A." authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[282,589,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[282,465,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Palpares zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur. A.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Male habitus from Pakistan; B.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Navas" authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[919,1213,1908,1932]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="575" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichogaster">
|
||
<emphasis box="[919,1141,1908,1932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="575">Palpares trichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
Navás
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype male. Scale bar: 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762586" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762586" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762586/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="576" startId="11.[151,250,1943,1967]" targetBox="[171,1416,224,1920]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="11.[151,1437,1943,2040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="576">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1943,1968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="576">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rambur. A." authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[282,588,1944,1968]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="576" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[282,464,1944,1968]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="576">Palpares zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur. A.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Thorax, dorsal view; B. Face, frontal view; C. Head and pronotum, dorsal view; D. Labial palp, lateral view; E. Palpimacula, lateral view; F. Same, dorsal view; G. Face, frontal view of male holotype. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (A–C).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762588" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762588/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" startId="12.[151,250,1570,1594]" targetBox="[151,1437,181,1536]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1570,1630]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1570,1594]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[281,664,1570,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[281,464,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">Palpares zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur. A. Lateral
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
habitus of male holotype; B. Lateral habitus, male from Pakistan. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1676,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">
|
||
Male genitalia (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[377,515,1676,1703]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1966,1990]" captionTargetBox="[243,1344,1074,1930]" captionTargetId="figure-37@13.[229,1359,1065,1943]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Palpares zebratus Rambur.A. Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Male sternite 9; C. Gonocoxites gx 9 + gx 11, dorsal view; D. Gonocoxites gx 9 + gx 11, ventral view; E. Gonocoxites gx 9 + gx 11, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762592/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">Fig. 10A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tergite 9 subquadrate, sternite 9 with round apex; ectoprocts moderately curved dorsad at base, base of ectoprocts with three stout black setae on short tubercle; gonocoxites 9 closely spaced, with obtuse apex and basal projection; gonarcal bulla present.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="577" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1676,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,435,1784,1810]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1989-08-09" collectionCode="PMNH" collectorName="Faiz" country="Pakistan" location="Islamabad Capital Territory" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" specimenCode="C# 4117" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Islamabad Capital Territory">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[445,582,1785,1811]" name="Pakistan" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">PAKISTAN</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[595,910,1784,1810]" country="Pakistan" name="Islamabad Capital Territory" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">Islamabad Capital Territory</collectingRegion>
|
||
, 1♁,
|
||
<date box="[976,1100,1784,1810]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" value="1989-08-09">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[976,1100,1784,1810]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" value="1989-08-09">9.viii.1989</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1114,1195,1785,1811]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3s7c-0bcs" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" type="Museum">PMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode box="[1212,1315,1785,1811]" collectionCode="PMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3s7c-0bcs" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" type="Museum">C# 4117</specimenCode>
|
||
), leg.
|
||
<collectorName box="[1388,1436,1784,1810]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">Faiz</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[159,247,1821,1847]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3s7c-0bcs" name="Peabody Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" type="Museum">PMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="577" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="12.[151,1437,1676,1991]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,362,1856,1882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Navas, L." box="[371,584,1857,1883]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" pagination="479 - 514" refId="ref10736" refString="Navas, L. (1913) Mis excursiones por el extranjero en el verano de 1912 (25 Julio - 16 Septiembre). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, Series 3, 10, 479 - 514. [BotN ref # 574]" type="journal article" year="1913">Navás (1913: 481)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[710,957,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichogaster">
|
||
<emphasis box="[710,957,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">Palpares trichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Karachi, Manora,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1238,1303,1856,1882]" country="Pakistan" name="Sindh" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">Sindh</collectingRegion>
|
||
based on a single male specimen, and provided the morphological description and forewing illustration. Herein we synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,315,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichogaster">
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,315,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">P. trichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[378,500,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[378,500,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">P. zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whittington, A. E." box="[512,785,1928,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" pagination="371 - 387" refId="ref11252" refString="Whittington, A. E. (2002) Resources in Scottish Neuropterology. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 48, 371 - 387. [BotN ref # 10317]" type="journal article" year="2002">Whittington (2002: 385)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
listed
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[859,980,1928,1954]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[859,980,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">P. zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stange, L. A." box="[1041,1240,1928,1955]" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" pagination="1 - 565" refId="ref11141" refString="Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565. [BotN ref # 11168]" type="journal article" year="2004">Stange (2004: 60)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hassan, M. A. & Oswald, J. D. & Zia, A. & Liu, X. Y." pageId="12" pageNumber="577" pagination="497 - 541" refId="ref9447" refString="Hassan, M. A., Oswald, J. D., Zia, A. & Liu, X. Y. (2019) Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Pakistan: a catalogue and faunistic review. Zootaxa, 4686 (4), 497 - 541. [BotN ref # 18759] https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4686.4.3" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hassan
|
||
<emphasis box="[1381,1437,1928,1954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2019: 515)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included both
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[450,572,1964,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[450,572,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">P. zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[627,791,1964,1990]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="577" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichogaster">
|
||
<emphasis box="[627,791,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">P. trichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their catalogue of Neuropterida from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1246,1345,1964,1990]" name="Pakistan" pageId="12" pageNumber="577">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762590" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762590" box="[151,1081,1016,1041]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762590/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="578" startId="13.[151,250,1016,1040]" targetBox="[225,1356,189,985]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1081,1016,1041]" box="[151,1081,1016,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,275,1016,1041]" pageId="13" pageNumber="578">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rambur." authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[281,558,1017,1041]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[281,464,1017,1041]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="578">Palpares zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Male. Right fore and hindwing. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762592" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7762592" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762592/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="578" startId="13.[151,250,1966,1990]" targetBox="[243,1344,1074,1930]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="13.[151,1436,1966,2027]" pageId="13" pageNumber="578">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,287,1966,1990]" pageId="13" pageNumber="578">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Rambur. A." authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[292,595,1966,1991]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="578" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[292,474,1966,1990]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="578">Palpares zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
Rambur. A.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Male genitalia, lateral view; B. Male sternite 9; C. Gonocoxites gx 9 + gx 11, dorsal view; D. Gonocoxites gx 9 + gx 11, ventral view; E. Gonocoxites gx 9 + gx 11, lateral view. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="579" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,472,150,176]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
|
||
Distribution.
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[360,466,150,176]" name="Pakistan" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[479,654,151,177]" country="Pakistan" name="Sindh" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Sindh province</collectingRegion>
|
||
, District Karachi;—India (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Whittington, A. E." box="[955,1160,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="371 - 387" refId="ref11252" refString="Whittington, A. E. (2002) Resources in Scottish Neuropterology. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 48, 371 - 387. [BotN ref # 10317]" type="journal article" year="2002">Whittington 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Stange, L. A." box="[1171,1316,151,177]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="1 - 565" refId="ref11141" refString="Stange, L. A. (2004) A systematic catalog, bibliography and classification of the world antlions (Insecta: Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 74, 1 - 565. [BotN ref # 11168]" type="journal article" year="2004">Stange 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hassan, M. A. & Oswald, J. D. & Zia, A. & Liu, X. Y." pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="497 - 541" refId="ref9447" refString="Hassan, M. A., Oswald, J. D., Zia, A. & Liu, X. Y. (2019) Neuropterida (Insecta: Megaloptera, Raphidioptera, Neuroptera) of Pakistan: a catalogue and faunistic review. Zootaxa, 4686 (4), 497 - 541. [BotN ref # 18759] https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4686.4.3" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Hassan
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Oswald, J. D." box="[258,410,187,213]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" refId="ref10963" refString="Oswald, J. D. (2021) Neuropterida Species of the World. URL. Available from: http: // lacewing. tamu. edu / SpeciesCatalog / Main (accessed 16 August 2021)" type="url" year="2021">Oswald 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="14" pageNumber="579" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="14.[151,1437,150,609]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,315,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N." box="[320,470,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="171 - 195" refId="ref8871" refString="Banks, N. (1913) The neuropterous genus Palpares. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 171 - 195. [BotNref # 61] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 6.2.171" type="journal article" year="1913">Banks (1913)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in a review of the African and Indian
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[879,1065,223,249]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">
|
||
<emphasis box="[879,979,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Palpares</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1196,1408,223,249]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infimus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1196,1304,223,249]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. infimus</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a junior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Walker)" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[379,594,259,285]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patiens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[379,486,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. patiens</emphasis>
|
||
(Walker)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, largely based on the similarity in wing markings. Most recently,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L." pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="85 - 101" refId="ref9216" refString="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L. (2018) Little-known and synonymous antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 123, 85 - 101. [BotN ref # 18879] https: // doi. org / 10.32475 / bsef _ 1967" type="journal article" year="2018">Giacomino & Ábrahám (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[512,624,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infimus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[512,624,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. infimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[641,752,295,320]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patiens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[641,752,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. patiens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1931" box="[819,925,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[819,925,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[1200,1325,295,321]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1200,1325,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on similar wing markings in their
|
||
<typeStatus box="[493,541,331,357]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species. However, these synonyms are redefined based on the prominent second to fifth pale brown markings on the hindwing reaching at apex in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[896,1006,367,393]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infimus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[896,1006,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. infimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L." box="[1022,1357,367,395]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="85 - 101" refId="ref9216" refString="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L. (2018) Little-known and synonymous antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 123, 85 - 101. [BotN ref # 18879] https: // doi. org / 10.32475 / bsef _ 1967" type="journal article" year="2018">Giacomino & Ábrahám 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N." box="[151,289,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="171 - 195" refId="ref8871" refString="Banks, N. (1913) The neuropterous genus Palpares. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 171 - 195. [BotNref # 61] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 6.2.171" type="journal article" year="1913">Banks 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 10) and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[441,550,403,428]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patiens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,550,403,428]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. patiens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N." box="[566,706,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="171 - 195" refId="ref8871" refString="Banks, N. (1913) The neuropterous genus Palpares. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 171 - 195. [BotNref # 61] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 6.2.171" type="journal article" year="1913">Banks 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 12) or not reaching at apex in
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[1108,1231,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1108,1231,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N." box="[1247,1386,403,429]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="171 - 195" refId="ref8871" refString="Banks, N. (1913) The neuropterous genus Palpares. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 171 - 195. [BotNref # 61] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 6.2.171" type="journal article" year="1913">Banks 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 28;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L." box="[194,525,439,467]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="85 - 101" refId="ref9216" refString="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L. (2018) Little-known and synonymous antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 123, 85 - 101. [BotN ref # 18879] https: // doi. org / 10.32475 / bsef _ 1967" type="journal article" year="2018">Giacomino & Ábrahám 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[659,824,439,465]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichogaster">
|
||
<emphasis box="[659,824,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. trichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[839,907,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[151,1437,181,1536]" captionTargetId="figure-21@12.[151,1437,181,1546]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 8. Palpares zebratus Rambur. A. Lateral habitus of male holotype; B. Lateral habitus, male from Pakistan. Scale bar: 2.0 mm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7762588" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7762588/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). After careful comparisons of the photographs of
|
||
<typeStatus box="[181,229,475,501]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[378,542,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichogaster">
|
||
<emphasis box="[378,542,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. trichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at NHML, recent work of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[840,949,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infimus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[840,949,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. infimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1931" box="[963,1067,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[963,1067,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. nobilis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[1120,1242,475,501]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1120,1242,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L." pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="85 - 101" refId="ref9216" refString="Giacomino, M. & Abraham, L. (2018) Little-known and synonymous antlions (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae). Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 123, 85 - 101. [BotN ref # 18879] https: // doi. org / 10.32475 / bsef _ 1967" type="journal article" year="2018">Giacomino & Ábrahám (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and new materials from
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[625,723,511,537]" name="Pakistan" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, we proposed the following new taxonomic changes:
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[1327,1436,511,536]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patiens">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1327,1436,511,536]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. patiens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be a valid species and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[504,617,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="infimus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[504,617,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. infimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
retained its junior synonym (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Banks, N." box="[1026,1165,547,573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" pagination="171 - 195" refId="ref8871" refString="Banks, N. (1913) The neuropterous genus Palpares. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 6, 171 - 195. [BotNref # 61] https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 6.2.171" type="journal article" year="1913">Banks 1913</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Navas" authorityYear="1913" box="[1240,1407,547,573]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trichogaster">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1240,1407,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. trichogaster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is considered as a new synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rambur. A. Lateral" authorityYear="1842" box="[523,645,583,609]" class="Insecta" family="Myrmeleontidae" genus="Palpares" kingdom="Animalia" order="Neuroptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="579" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zebratus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[523,645,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="579">P. zebratus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |