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123 lines
12 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10537" ID-PMC="PMC5136668" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2828--10537" ID-PubMed="27932925" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-2828--e10537" ModsDocOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal " ModsDocTitle="Discovery of a New World ladybird beetle Nephaspisindus Gordon, 1996 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymnini) on the Island of Taiwan" checkinTime="1553125965529" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Chen, Xiaosheng, Xie, Xiufeng, Ren, Shunxiang & Wang, Xingmin" docDate="2016" docId="86DBAE77EC2B20A5626F93D87395F409" docLanguage="en" docName="BiodivDatJour 4: e10537" docOrigin="Biodiversity Data Journal 4" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10537" docTitle="Nephaspi s" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="10537" masterDocId="FFA3A979AA68CD0009165F77FF93FFD1" masterDocTitle="Discovery of a New World ladybird beetle Nephaspisindus Gordon, 1996 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymnini) on the Island of Taiwan" masterLastPageNumber="10537" masterPageNumber="10537" pageNumber="10537" updateTime="1668123351141" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Discovery of a New World ladybird beetle Nephaspisindus Gordon, 1996 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Scymnini) on the Island of Taiwan</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Chen, Xiaosheng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Xie, Xiufeng</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ren, Shunxiang</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wang, Xingmin</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Biodiversity Data Journal</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>4</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>10537</mods:start>
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<mods:end>10537</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10537</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10537</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2828--10537</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:86DBAE77EC2B20A5626F93D87395F409" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/86DBAE77EC2B20A5626F93D87395F409" lastPageNumber="10537" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<taxonomicName authority="Casey, 18 99" genus="Nephaspi s" lsidName="Nephaspi s" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" rank="genus">Nephaspi s Casey, 18 99</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nephaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephaspis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nephaspis</taxonomicName>
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Casey, 1899: 168. Type species:
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nephaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephaspis gorhami" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gorhami">Nephaspis gorhami</taxonomicName>
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Casey, 1899, by subsequent designation of
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<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, R. D." journalOrPublisher="Revista de Agricultura Piracicaba" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="145 - 154" title="A review of the genus Nephaspis Casey and a comparison with the genus Clitostethus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)" volume="47" year="1972">Gordon 1972</bibRefCitation>
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: 148.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<taxonomicName genus="Nephasis" lsidName="Nephasis" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" rank="genus">Nephasis</taxonomicName>
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:
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<bibRefCitation author="Korschefsky, R." journalOrPublisher="W. Junk, Berlin" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" title="Coleopterorum Catologus. Pars 118. Coccinellidae. I" year="1931">Korschefsky 1931</bibRefCitation>
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: 168;
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<bibRefCitation author="Blackwelder, R. E." journalOrPublisher="United States National Museum Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="343 - 550" title="Checklist of the coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 3." volume="185" year="1945">Blackwelder 1945</bibRefCitation>
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: 445 (misspelling).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<taxonomicName genus="Nephaspi s" lsidName="Nephaspi s" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" rank="genus">Nephaspi s</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nephaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephaspis gorhami" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gorhami">Nephaspis gorhami</taxonomicName>
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Casey, 1899
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<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, R. D." journalOrPublisher="Revista de Agricultura Piracicaba" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="145 - 154" title="A review of the genus Nephaspis Casey and a comparison with the genus Clitostethus Weise (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)" volume="47" year="1972">Gordon 1972</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Description</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Body elongate oval, moderately convex, with dense pubescence, widest around middle of elytra.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Head with mouthparts directed posteroventrally in repose (Fig. 1a), concealing prosternum; frons wide (Fig. 1a), clypeus extended beyond eye, truncate anteriorly with large, apically rounded flange. Eyes large, finely faceted, inner ocular margin slightly arcuate. Antennae composed of 11 antennomeres (Fig. 1d); 1st antennomere strongly enlarged, curved and distinctly rounded on inner side; 2nd shorter and narrower than the 1st; 3rd obviously smaller than the 2nd; 4th to 6th as wide as 3rd; 7th to 11th forming a fusiform club (Fig. 1d). Labrum exposed, transverse, feebly emarginate anteriorly (Fig. 1a). Mandible with single apical tooth (Fig. 1c). Terminal maxillary palpomere stout, moderately securiform, apical margin strongly obliquely truncate (Fig. 1e). Labial palps with 3 palpomeres, terminal palpomere blunt, subcylindrical (Fig. 1f).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Pronotum convex, hind margin wider than anterior one (Fig. 2b, Fig. 2e). Pronotal hypomeron broad without delimited foveae (Fig. 1b). Prosternum short, straplike, slightly longer than anterior coxa, prosternal process very short, transversely oval (Fig. 1b); prosternal carinae narrowly separated, distinctly convergent anteriorly. Scutellum triangular (Fig. 2a). Elytra slightly wider than pronotum at base, surface finely punctate. Elytral epipleuron narrow and nearly horizontal, inner carina apically incomplete, reaching up to 1st abdominal ventrite. Mesoventrite short, tumid medially, anterior margin truncate, intercoxal area with hind margin deeply emarginate. Metaventrite strongly tumid, anterior margin distinctly ridged, median area strongly prominent forward. Abdomen with six ventrites (Fig. 2g). Abdominal postcoxal lines incomplete (Fig. 1j, Fig. 2g). Front leg slender (Fig. 1h), femora of hind leg distinctly enlarged (Fig. 1g); tibiae without apical spur; tarsi with 4 tarsomeres, claws simple without basal teeth (Fig. 1i).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Diagnosis</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nephaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephaspis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nephaspis</taxonomicName>
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Casey is similar to the Old World genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Clitostethus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clitostethus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clitostethus</taxonomicName>
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Weise, 1885 in general appearance and shares the following characters with the latter: body small, length less than 2 mm; antennae composed of 11 antennomeres (Fig. 1d); prosternum straplike, prosternal process short, transversely oval (Fig. 1b); abdominal postcoxal line incomplete (Fig. 1j, Fig. 2g); abdomen with six ventrites (Fig. 2g).
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nephaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephaspis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nephaspis</taxonomicName>
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is separated from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Clitostethus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clitostethus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clitostethus</taxonomicName>
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mainly by the tarsi with 4 tarsomeres (Fig. 1i) and the stout basal antennomere (Fig. 1d). However,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Clitostethus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clitostethus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Clitostethus</taxonomicName>
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has the tarsi with 3 tarsomeres and the slender basal antennomere.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">
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This genus is apparently endemic to Neotropical region with a natural geographic range extending from southern United States (Florida, Louisiana and Texas) and Mexico to Argentina (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gordon, R. D." journalOrPublisher="Frustula Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="1 - 50" title="South American Coccinellidae (Coleoptera). Part V: A taxonomic revision of the genus Nephaspis Casey" volume="19" year="1996">Gordon 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). In addition, several species of this genus are specialist predators of the spiralling whitefly,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Aleyrodidae" genus="Aleurodicus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aleurodicus dispersus" order="Hemiptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dispersus">Aleurodicus dispersus</taxonomicName>
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. As important biological control agents against the spiralling whitefly, these members of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Coccinellidae" genus="Nephaspis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephaspis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Nephaspis</taxonomicName>
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have been introduced into different parts of the world, such as Hawaii, Guam, Fiji, Taiwan and Thailand (
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<bibRefCitation author="Waterhouse, D. F." journalOrPublisher="Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="11 - 12" title="Biological control: Pacific prospects-Supplement 1" volume="12" year="1989">Waterhouse and Norris 1989</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Chien, C. C." journalOrPublisher="Formosan Entomologist (Special Publication)" pageId="0" pageNumber="10537" pagination="93 - 109" title="Occurrence and biological control of Aleurodicusdispersus" volume="3" year="2002">Chien et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation pageId="0" pageNumber="10537">Napompeth 2004</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |