174 lines
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174 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4803" ID-GBIF-Dataset="00ef0df6-46b9-4928-b16a-ccab53206586" ID-PMC="PMC3677362" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-283-15" ID-PubMed="23794840" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-283-15" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 283" ModsDocTitle="New taxa and revisionary systematics of alcyonacean octocorals from the Pacific coast of North America (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)" checkinTime="1451247475901" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Williams, Gary C." docDate="2013" docId="858F8EF55820CAD06443F84C0F25A10D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 283: 15-42" docOrigin="ZooKeys 283" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4803" docTitle="Gersemia lambi Williams, 2013, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="27" masterDocId="CF03FFD9FFFAD159457A315EFF85255D" masterDocTitle="New taxa and revisionary systematics of alcyonacean octocorals from the Pacific coast of North America (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)" masterLastPageNumber="42" masterPageNumber="15" pageNumber="24" updateTime="1668155570686" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New taxa and revisionary systematics of alcyonacean octocorals from the Pacific coast of North America (Cnidaria, Anthozoa)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Williams, Gary C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>283</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>15</mods:start>
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<mods:end>42</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4803</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.283.4803</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-283-15</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152042194" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C2BFCF41-3F55-43FA-9858-9FFC2543E0ED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/858F8EF55820CAD06443F84C0F25A10D" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="27" pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="24" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="24">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C2BFCF41-3F55-43FA-9858-9FFC2543E0ED" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="9" pageNumber="24">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figures 7-11, 19
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="24" type="species diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="24">Species diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="24">Polyps clustered in groups on short lobes, emanating from short stalk above holdfast. Polyps tubular, curved, non-retractile, relatively large. Sclerites primarily radiates with variable ornamentation and modification of turberculation; rod-like forms also present. Colonies pink in life, white preserved.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="10" pageNumber="25" start="start">Type</pageBreakToken>
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material.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Holotype. CAS 171939, Canada, British Columbia, Langara Island; 26 June 2004; 12 m depth, collected by Andy Lamb; one specimen. Paratypes. CAS 171940, same data as holotype, one specimen. CAS 171940, same data as holotype, one specimen.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="25" type="additional material">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="25">Additional material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="26" pageId="10" pageNumber="25">
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CAS 179449, same data as holotype, 11 specimens. CAS 173218. Canada, British Columbia, east side of Kerouard Island, off south end of
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="26" start="start">Queen</pageBreakToken>
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Charlotte Island; 9 m depth, 51 54.624'N, 130 58.635'N; 7 August 2003; 20 m depth; collected by Doug Swanston; one specimen. CAS 173219. Canada, British Columbia, Queen Charlotte Islands, Kunghit Island, west side of Cape St. James; 21 May 2002; 9 m depth; collected by Danny Kent; one specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="26" type="habitat and distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">Habitat and distribution</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="26">(Figure 19). Shallow subtidal region from Cape Ommaney, southeast Alaska, USA (according to Neil McDaniel, pers. comm.), to central British Columbia, Canada; 9-20 m depth.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="27" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="27" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">This species is named for marine naturalist and educator Andy Lamb (Vancouver, British Columbia), who collected the type material.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="27" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">Colonial morphology (Figures 7B-C). The holotype measures 55 mm in length, 39 mm in width, and 35 mm in height. It is composed of dense concentrations of autozooids distributed in isolated clusters on several lobes that emanate from the stalk, which arises immediately above the basal holdfast. Each cluster usually contains approximately 5 and 15 polyps.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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Polyps (Figures 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
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, F). The polyps are monomorphic, non-retractile, tubular in shape, and vary in length and width (4.0-7.0 mm in length and 1.5-2.0 mm in width). The width of the polyps is greatest at the distal extremities. The polyps are erect and often curve upward from their bases.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">Sclerites (Figures 8-11). Coenenchymal sclerites of the polypary are primarily sharply-tuberculated radiates, 0.03-0.11 mm. Coenenchymal sclerites of the stalk are mostly variously-ornamented radiates and modified radiates, 0.03-0.12 mm long. Polyp wall sclerites abundant, uniformly and densely-distributed, 0.03-013 mm in length, mostly variably-shaped radiates and rods with a few irregularly-shaped elongate forms and crosses. Tentacle sclerites densely and uniformly distributed (not arranged en chevron), mostly radiates and rods, although a few club-shaped or approach torch-like forms are also present.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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Color (Figures 7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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, E). Colony color is pink to reddish in life, often with orange oral discs. Colonies are uniformly cream-white in color when preserved in ethanol.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Underwater photograph of colonies with polyps fully expanded; photo courtesy Marc Chamberlain B Wet-preserved holotype, dorsal view; scale bar = 10 mm C Wet-preserved holotype, lateral view; scale bar = 10 mm D Underwater photograph of colonies with polyps retracted; photo courtesy Neil McDaniel E Underwater photograph of colonies with polyps retracted (center); photo courtesy Marc Chamberlain F Wet-preserved paratype, lateral view (CAS 171941); scale bar = 10 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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Figure 8.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of polyp sclerites. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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Figure 9.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites of the polypary coenenchyme. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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Figure 10.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of stalk sclerites. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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Figure 11.
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of stalk sclerites. Scale bar = 0.04 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="12" pageNumber="27" type="differential diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">Differential diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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The only other species known in the genus
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Gersemia</taxonomicName>
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from the Pacific Coast of North America is
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia juliepackardae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliepackardae">Gersemia juliepackardae</taxonomicName>
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Williams & Lundsten, 2009. Although coenenchymal sclerites of the two species are predominantly eight radiates,
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia juliepackardae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliepackardae">Gersemia juliepackardae</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. differ markedly in surface feature characters. Those of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia juliepackardae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliepackardae">Gersemia juliepackardae</taxonomicName>
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are narrow with slender medial waists and relatively rounded tubercle tips (
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, GC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="1067 - 1081" title="The nephtheid soft coral genus Gersemia Marenzeller, 1878, with the description of a new species from the northeast Pacific and a review of two additional species (Octocorallia; Alcyonacea)." volume="83" year="2009">Williams and Lundsten 2009</bibRefCitation>
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), while those of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. are broad with wide medial waists and more acute tubercle apexes (Figures 8-11).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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This species is distributed from Washington to southern California, while
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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is known from southern Alaska to British Columbia. The two species differ markedly in their bathymetric distributions. Collected material of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia juliepackardae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliepackardae">Gersemia juliepackardae</taxonomicName>
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is recorded between 888 to 1600 meters in depth, although video images record the species from 520-2034 meters (
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, GC" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden" pageId="22" pageNumber="37" pagination="1067 - 1081" title="The nephtheid soft coral genus Gersemia Marenzeller, 1878, with the description of a new species from the northeast Pacific and a review of two additional species (Octocorallia; Alcyonacea)." volume="83" year="2009">Williams and Lundsten 2009</bibRefCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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sp. n., on the other hand, is known at present only from a depth range of 9-20 meters.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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Key to the species of
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Gersemia</taxonomicName>
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from the west coast of North America
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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<table pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia juliepackardae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="juliepackardae">Gersemia juliepackardae</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr pageId="12" pageNumber="27">
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<td colspan="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" rowspan="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Gersemia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gersemia lambi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="12" pageNumber="27" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="lambi">Gersemia lambi</taxonomicName>
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</td>
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</tr>
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</table>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |