471 lines
76 KiB
XML
471 lines
76 KiB
XML
<document id="78DAC2B1EEEB92B581689134F903FEE8" ID-DOI="10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2509" ID-ISSN="2118-9773" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11030293" ID-ZooBank="231BF669-4E64-4EAD-8305-4AEA0481D807" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1713777232052" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Chowdhury, Ismael A., Martino, Emanuela Di, Lee, Hannah, Windecker, Claire C. & Craig, Sean" docDate="2024" docId="8561E974BC20FFA97B69CD03FD10E753" docLanguage="en" docName="EJT.2024.932.34-68.pdf" docOrigin="European Journal of Taxonomy 932" docSource="https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2509/11237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911.39:EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="EF2B578F1D15862ADE45B0C07C620911" docStyleName="EJT.2018-.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="39" docTitle="Microporella umbonata Chowdhury & Martino & Lee & Windecker & Craig 2024" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="7958910CBC3AFFB47944CC0BFF82E442" masterDocTitle="Diversity and distribution of intertidal Microporella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) from California" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="34" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1713799267896" updateUser="felipe" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="A82FBC96CF92B8F72D8B3E7F30094407">
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<mods:title id="39EE250349AB1487E0A7F4FA6C42E850">Diversity and distribution of intertidal Microporella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida) from California</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="759A8906B94B83EA1FD5A2DA2AA5679B" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EA35D806F83760383401986256246CFC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BC2498A085BE890DB2F746B923873199">Chowdhury, Ismael A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="61EF1C78B218F75DDB8F653E223B11A1">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="82ABF024D842E4E36B6E52DD6BB5CA22" type="email">ismael.chowdhury@humboldt.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="D2F66F07932E4B30AFE2A8F9E0A3D7AA">Martino, Emanuela Di</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0AD82B4FAE5BFF897D42D57A735ABABD" type="LSID">A7905C48-FF37-4D27-BCCE-F0560AF040A2</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="4BA973BA7CF940882AE778A51A33FA26">Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. & Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="12ADE9DA130677F3912EF9F446793259" type="email">emanuela.dimartino@unict.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="500DF5143429CB63B254E1EE6414BCB3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7886B87A5A72C60568038F52308147B0">Lee, Hannah</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="69CE13A978DF7C44F9AB8BB182C8E1EE">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="A5846904449B4400AD756964089868CC" type="email">hannahelee56@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="47FE489EE553FA828F9DD9BC4C8672A1">Windecker, Claire C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A7C881A5C1F2D189043A719BA05580EA">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="57FD94689D3CE319E2FA64163A0A53B2" type="email">claire.windecker@humboldt.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="EF9ABC1414B672DDBA89E6D6B7887C89">Craig, Sean</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="8F2F77391B88D360132A79550ED980B7">California State Polytechnic University Humboldt, Biological Sciences Department, Polytechnic University Humboldt, California, USA.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AA3368D332BCA30D0308A5EB1E67EB4A" type="email">sean.craig@humboldt.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="A3026443BDB78F425B0107EE54B402A1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="356789E09837C7CFA9847CF680BB3EE0">European Journal of Taxonomy</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2C054D8E1B7B042B4F3200F56B45CDDC">
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<mods:date id="DDFC49B7C3B42EE878E2C55EB5F072B7">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="04D305D9591BB0533B9BEF6FDB66DD28">2024-04-22</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="BB660D32752CE49942E3E25413EF8CA7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="832C2A64343429BFB5048AED8724607B">932</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="8FE74597A8FDC841A87D90851C91873D">34</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="3AFFC19049D254B40517D55FA775D4A1">68</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="72C1E8CD6CF5F107B66C2DB112DE53ED">https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2509/11237</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="6B2C28B606EE6777352E80B1326831F6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="48DE8BA5A54820D6D34F737030BEE045" type="DOI">10.5852/ejt.2024.932.2509</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0C0A32EFF29B279CC9E1122B5FA50ADB" type="ISSN">2118-9773</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8561E974BC20FFA97B69CD03FD10E753" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030398" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11030398" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC20FFA97B69CD03FD10E753" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8561E974BC20FFA97B69CD03FD10E753" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC20FFAE7B69CD03FB84E561" box="[557,1030,264,291]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="0D775862BC20FFAE7B69CD03FB84E561" blockId="26.[557,1030,264,326]" box="[557,1030,264,291]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
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<heading id="563FEF0EBC20FFAE7B69CD03FB84E561" box="[557,1030,264,291]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC20FFAE7B69CD03FB84E561" ID-CoL="4349K" authority="(Hincks, 1883)" authorityName="Chowdhury & Martino & Lee & Windecker & Craig" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[557,1030,264,291]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
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||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC20FFAE7B69CD03FCCDE561" bold="true" box="[557,847,264,291]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Microporella umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC20FFAE7A1BCD02FC7CE561" author="Hincks T." box="[863,1022,265,291]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" pagination="442 - 451" refId="ref18164" refString="Hincks T. 1883. Report on the Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte Islands. 2. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5 11: 442 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938309459178" type="journal article" year="1883">Hincks, 1883</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC20FFAE7BFACD27FCF4E504" box="[702,886,300,326]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="0D775862BC20FFAE7BFACD27FCF4E504" blockId="26.[557,1030,264,326]" box="[702,886,300,326]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
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||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC20FFAE7BFACD27FC96E504" box="[702,788,300,326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="404A6DD9BC20FFAE7A5BCD27FCF4E504" box="[799,886,300,326]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[189,259,265,291]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Summary of sampling sites reporting the number of colonies collected for each species of Microporella Hincks, 1877. Sites in bold font lie within the marine realm known as the Montereyan Pacific Transition Region, whereas the remaining sites lie in the Mendocinian Region." pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Table 2</tableCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC20FFAE79F9CD65FC64E5CA" box="[189,998,366,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC20FFAE79F9CD65FC64E5CA" blockId="26.[189,998,366,392]" box="[189,998,366,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="2DD87F4CBC20FFAE79F9CD65FC64E5CA" box="[189,998,366,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8C697E73BC20FFAE79F9CD65FCCFE5CA" author="Hincks T." box="[189,845,366,392]" page="444" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" year="1883">
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||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC20FFAE79F9CD65FCCFE5CA" ID-CoL="4347F" authority="Hincks, 1883: 444" authorityName="Hincks" authorityPageNumber="444" authorityYear="1883" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1766" box="[189,845,366,392]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="ciliata">
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||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC20FFAE79F9CD65FE2EE5CA" box="[189,428,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Microporella ciliata</emphasis>
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form
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<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC20FFAE78B0CD65FDE8E5CA" box="[500,618,366,392]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">umbonata</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC20FFAE7B36CD65FCCFE5CA" author="Hincks T." box="[626,845,366,392]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" pagination="442 - 451" refId="ref18164" refString="Hincks T. 1883. Report on the Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte Islands. 2. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5 11: 442 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938309459178" type="journal article" year="1883">Hincks, 1883: 444</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 17 fig. 1.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC20FFAE79F9CDA4FC0AE623" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
|
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<paragraph id="0D775862BC20FFAE79F9CDA4FE2FE58B" blockId="26.[189,429,431,457]" box="[189,429,431,457]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<heading id="563FEF0EBC20FFAE79F9CDA4FE2FE58B" bold="true" box="[189,429,431,457]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" reason="3">
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||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC20FFAE79F9CDA4FE2FE58B" bold="true" box="[189,429,431,457]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Material examined</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC20FFAE79F9CDD5FC0AE623" blockId="26.[189,1399,476,610]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BDA0523FBC20FFAE79F9CDD5FB2BE659" collectingDate="2020-06-22" collectionCode="SBMNH" collectorName="I. A. Chowdhury & H. Lee" country="United States of America" latitude="39.12918" location="Greenwood" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-123.71922" municipality="Greenwood" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="SBMNH 704779" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC20FFAE79F9CDD5FF7AE5BA" box="[189,248,478,504]" name="United States of America" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC20FFAE7858CDD5FDB6E5B5" box="[284,564,477,504]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">1 colony of 30 zooids</specimenCount>
|
||
,
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<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC20FFAE7B02CDD5FD76E5B5" box="[582,756,477,504]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">two ovicellate</specimenCount>
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||
, on rock;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC20FFAE7A3ECDD6FC76E5B5" box="[890,1012,477,503]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="ED13C218BC20FFAE7D41CDD6FB10E5B5" box="[1029,1170,477,503]" country="United States of America" latitude="39.12918" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-123.71922" name="Greenwood" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="California">Greenwood</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC20FFAE7DE7CDD7FAF0E5BA" box="[1187,1394,476,504]" degrees="39" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" precision="1" seconds="45.0582" value="39.12918">39°7′45.0582″ N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC20FFAE79F9CDF4FE0CE659" box="[189,398,511,539]" degrees="123" direction="west" minutes="43" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" precision="1" seconds="9.192" value="-123.71922">123°43′9.192″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="79767EA2BC20FFAE78D8CE0AFDB8E659" box="[412,570,513,539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" value="2020-06-22">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6932874ABC20FFAE78D8CE0AFDB8E659" box="[412,570,513,539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" value="2020-06-22">22 Jun. 2020</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC20FFAE7B0CCE0AFC88E659" box="[584,778,513,539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">I.A. Chowdhury</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC20FFAE7A03CE0AFC1BE659" box="[839,921,513,539]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">H. Lee</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<specimenCode id="5D6EF019BC20FFAE7A9BCE0AFB2BE659" box="[991,1193,513,539]" collectionCode="SBMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34834" name="Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">SBMNH 704779</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
•
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BDA0523FBC20FFAE7D82CE0AFC06E623" collectingDate="2019-12-09" collectionCode="NHMO" collectorName="I. A. Chowdhury & H. Lee" latitude="41.130997" location="Palmer's Point" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-124.163704" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" specimenCode="H1940" specimenCount="2" stateProvince="California">
|
||
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC20FFAE7D82CE0AFE8EE67C" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">1 colony of 40 zooids</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCount id="1BCE93EBBC20FFAE785ECE2FFE38E67C" box="[282,442,548,574]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">six ovicellate</specimenCount>
|
||
, on rock;
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||
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC20FFAE7B70CE2FFD2CE67C" box="[564,686,548,574]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="08170EB9BC20FFAE7BFFCE29FCE8E67C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8561E974BC20FFA97B69CD03FD10E753:08170EB9BC20FFAE7BFFCE29FCE8E67C" box="[699,874,546,574]" country="Trinidad and Tobago" latitude="41.130997" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-124.163704" name="Palmer's Point" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" stateProvince="California">Palmer′s Point</location>
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||
, Trinidad;
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC20FFAE7AA8CE29FB09E67D" box="[1004,1163,546,575]" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="7" orientation="latitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" precision="1" seconds="51.6" value="41.130997">41°7′51.6″ N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="68FC3EA5BC20FFAE7DDCCE29FAD8E67D" box="[1176,1370,546,575]" degrees="124" direction="west" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" precision="1" seconds="49.32" value="-124.163704">124°9′49.32″ W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
;
|
||
<date id="79767EA2BC20FFAE7C2CCE2FFEBBE623" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" value="2019-12-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="6932874ABC20FFAE7C2CCE2FFEBBE623" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" value="2019-12-09">9 Dec. 2019</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC20FFAE7801CE4CFD87E623" box="[325,517,583,609]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">I.A. Chowdhury</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="A03D3DB4BC20FFAE7B7ACE43FD0FE620" box="[574,653,584,610]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">H. Lee</collectorName>
|
||
leg.;
|
||
<collectionCode id="6BD9C0A7BC20FFAE7B8BCE4CFCABE623" box="[719,809,583,609]" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">NHMO</collectionCode>
|
||
<specimenCode id="5D6EF019BC20FFAE7A74CE4CFC06E623" box="[816,900,583,609]" collectionCode="NHMO" country="Norway" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2knt-7f1r" name="Natural History Museum, University of Oslo" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" type="Museum">H1940</specimenCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC20FFAF79F9CE83FE60E766" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC20FFAE79F9CE83FECDE6E0" blockId="26.[189,335,648,674]" box="[189,335,648,674]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<heading id="563FEF0EBC20FFAE79F9CE83FECDE6E0" bold="true" box="[189,335,648,674]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC20FFAE79F9CE83FECDE6E0" bold="true" box="[189,335,648,674]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC20FFAE79F9CEBCFB73E6B6" blockId="26.[189,1398,695,757]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar, forming subcircular patches, typically inhabiting rocks of various sizes; three distal pore chamber windows evident in zooids at colony growing edge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC20FFAE79F9CF17FA89E781" blockId="26.[189,1400,796,963]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Autozooids hexagonal, rectangular or irregularly polygonal, ZL = 574–859 µm (689±78 µm, N = 11), ZW = 411–616 µm (522±66 µm, N = 13), mean L/W = 1.32; boundaries marked by grooves. Frontal shield convex centrally due to umbonate process; smaller umbo on each side lateral to orifice; smooth to finely granular, with numerous (38–55) circular pseudopores, D = 7–14 µm; marginal areolae distinguishable from pseudopores because elliptical and slightly larger (ca 20 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC20FFAE7DD4CFA3FB7FE781" box="[1168,1277,936,963]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC20FFAE79F9CFE1FE1AE02C" blockId="26.[189,1399,1002,1134]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
|
||
Primary orifice transversely D-shaped, OL = 104–131 µm (117±8 µm, N = 13), OW = 142–169 µm (155±9 µm, N = 13), mean OL/OW = 0.75, mean ZL/OL = 5.89; hinge-line smooth, with minute triangular condyles at some distance from corners, slightly concave between condyles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC20FFAE7D93C83BFAEBE009" box="[1239,1385,1072,1099]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Fig. 10A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
); oral spines absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="59B708EABC20FFAE79F9CB4AFDACE3AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" startId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" targetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" targetPageId="26">
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC20FFAE79F9CB4AFDACE3AB" blockId="26.[187,1400,1857,2025]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC20FFAE79F9CB4AFE98E319" bold="true" box="[189,282,1857,1883]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Fig. 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC20FFAE7865CB4AFC3DE31E" authority="(Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H 1940)" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[289,959,1857,1884]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC20FFAE7865CB4AFDB8E319" box="[289,570,1857,1883]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">Microporella umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC20FFAE7B0ECB4AFD6BE31E" author="Hincks T." box="[586,745,1857,1884]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60" pagination="442 - 451" refId="ref18164" refString="Hincks T. 1883. Report on the Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte Islands. 2. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5 11: 442 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938309459178" type="journal article" year="1883">Hincks, 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (NHMO H1940)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA.
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC20FFAE784CCB6FFE9FE33C" bold="true" box="[264,285,1892,1918]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium.
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC20FFAE7DF2CB6EFB4AE33D" bold="true" box="[1206,1224,1893,1919]" pageId="26" pageNumber="60">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC21FFAF79F9CD02FCF7E5CF" blockId="27.[189,1399,265,397]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Ascopore small, depressed relative to adjacent frontal shield, unusually close to orifice, much less than ascopore width from proximal margin, outlined by rim of gymnocystal calcification continuous with the one encircling the orifice; ascopore opening 35–38 µm in diameter, transversely C-shaped, with distal projection and outer margin radially denticulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7BB8CD79FCEAE5CF" box="[764,872,370,397]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC21FFAF79F9CDBFFBE6E67A" blockId="27.[188,1399,436,568]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Avicularium mostly absent, sometimes single, AvL = 88–94 µm (91±4 µm, N = 2), AvW = 37–51 µm (44±10 µm, N = 2), mean AvL/AvW = 2.10; located laterally in distal half of zooid, proximolateral to ascopore, more or less lateral to frontal umbo; crossbar complete; rostrum triangular, truncated, directed distolaterally, rostrum tip only slightly raised (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7B98CE15FCBBE67A" box="[732,825,542,568]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="24.[189,232,1787,1813]" captionTargetBox="[282,1306,265,1749]" captionTargetId="figure-11@24.[282,1306,265,1749]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Fig. 9. Microporella setiformis O’Donoghue & O’Donoghue, 1923 (SBMNH 704776), Black Sand Beach, Lost Coast, California, USA. A. Group of zooids, some ovicellate.B. Autozooids and kenozooids (white asterisks) at colony growing edge. C. Close-up of orifice, showing low condyles, ascopore, and avicularia with crossbar missing. D. Close-up of ovicellate zooids with avicularia showing complete crossbar. E. Close-up of marginal zooid showing exposed pore chamber windows.F. Group of autozooids with two oral spines, some indicated with arrows. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C = 50 µm; D, F = 250 µm; E = 150 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030331/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 9B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Mandible not observed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC21FFAF79F9CE54FB12E6A1" blockId="27.[189,1399,607,739]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">
|
||
Ovicell globose, wider than long, OvL = 208–257 µm (233±34 µm, N = 2), OvW = 372–384 µm (378±9 µm, N = 2), mean OvL/OvW = 0.63; continuous with frontal shield of next distal zooid, obscuring distal margin of maternal orifice; calcification finely granular, completely and evenly covered with minute, circular pseudopores, 6–13 µm in maximum dimension (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7AB7CEC2FB01E6A1" box="[1011,1155,713,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 10A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC21FFAF79F9CF01FE60E766" blockId="27.[189,482,778,805]" box="[189,482,778,805]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Ancestrula not observed.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC21FFA979F9CF47FC65E5B3" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC21FFAF79F9CF47FEB2E724" blockId="27.[189,304,844,870]" box="[189,304,844,870]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<heading id="563FEF0EBC21FFAF79F9CF47FEB2E724" bold="true" box="[189,304,844,870]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF79F9CF47FEB2E724" bold="true" box="[189,304,844,870]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC21FFAF79F9CF71FB3AE185" blockId="27.[189,1401,890,1480]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF79F9CF71FE59E7D6" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[189,475,890,916]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF79F9CF71FE59E7D6" box="[189,475,890,916]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Microporella umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7A6BCF70FAF5E7D7" authority="Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1995" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[815,1399,890,917]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7A6BCF70FC7DE7D6" box="[815,1023,890,916]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC21FFAF7D4FCF71FAF5E7D7" author="Soule D. F. & Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W." box="[1035,1399,890,917]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref19065" refString="Soule D. F., Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7982CF96FE9EE7F5" box="[198,284,925,951]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-12@28.[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Microporella umboniformis Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1995, holotype (SBMNH 671678) (previouslyAHF 213),Velero BS1064,off Santa Barbara Island(33°30′1.00008″N,119°2′20.00004″W), depth 49 m, California, USA. A. Group of zooids showing single or paired adventitious avicularia and five to six oral spines. Note the consistent absence of umbones lateral to orifice. B. Close-up of a zooid at colony margin showing six robust spines, paired avicularia and a short, pointed umbo proximal to ascopore.C. Close-up of orifice showing two small condyles at some distance from corners and proximal margin slightly concave between condyles as in M. umbonata. D. Close-up of C-shaped ascopore with denticulations. E. Group of zooids with some at the bottom showing larger pseudopores, likely due to the absence of the external layer of calcification, and some others with extensive secondary calcification. F. Close-up of one of the zooids in (E) showing larger pseudopores likely due to the lack of external frontal calcification. G–H. Close-ups of the same ovicell in frontal and lateral view, respectively. Note that the two proximalmost spines are retained. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 1 mm; F–H = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030337/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
) by several consistent morphological differences.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7A39CF96FB1BE7F5" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[893,1177,925,951]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7A39CF96FB1BE7F5" box="[893,1177,925,951]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Microporella umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consistently lacks oral spines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7814CFCBFE46E799" box="[336,452,960,987]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Figs 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7896CFCAFD8AE799" box="[466,520,961,987]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1423,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-392@29.[189,1398,1423,1854]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 12. Microporella umbonata Hincks, 1883, (NHMUK 1921.11.17.15), Departure Bay, Vancouver, Canada. A. Group of zooids, some with ovicells.B. Distal end of zooid, showing ovicell and avicularium. C. Close-up showing C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 100 µm; C = 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030341/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">12A</figureCitation>
|
||
), while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7B2FCFCAFCB8E798" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[619,826,960,986]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7B2FCFCAFCB8E798" box="[619,826,960,986]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 5–6 robust spines observed in both mature zooids at the colony centre and young zooids at the colony margin (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7AB5CFEFFB47E7BC" box="[1009,1221,996,1022]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-12@28.[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Microporella umboniformis Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1995, holotype (SBMNH 671678) (previouslyAHF 213),Velero BS1064,off Santa Barbara Island(33°30′1.00008″N,119°2′20.00004″W), depth 49 m, California, USA. A. Group of zooids showing single or paired adventitious avicularia and five to six oral spines. Note the consistent absence of umbones lateral to orifice. B. Close-up of a zooid at colony margin showing six robust spines, paired avicularia and a short, pointed umbo proximal to ascopore.C. Close-up of orifice showing two small condyles at some distance from corners and proximal margin slightly concave between condyles as in M. umbonata. D. Close-up of C-shaped ascopore with denticulations. E. Group of zooids with some at the bottom showing larger pseudopores, likely due to the absence of the external layer of calcification, and some others with extensive secondary calcification. F. Close-up of one of the zooids in (E) showing larger pseudopores likely due to the lack of external frontal calcification. G–H. Close-ups of the same ovicell in frontal and lateral view, respectively. Note that the two proximalmost spines are retained. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 1 mm; F–H = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030337/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 11A–B, E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7D99CFEFFEB1E063" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7D99CFEFFEB1E063" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Microporella umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consistently display a small umbo on each side lateral to the orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7DC8C80CFA82E063" box="[1164,1280,1031,1057]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Figs 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7C4BC80CFAC4E063" box="[1295,1350,1031,1057]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1423,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-392@29.[189,1398,1423,1854]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 12. Microporella umbonata Hincks, 1883, (NHMUK 1921.11.17.15), Departure Bay, Vancouver, Canada. A. Group of zooids, some with ovicells.B. Distal end of zooid, showing ovicell and avicularium. C. Close-up showing C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 100 µm; C = 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030341/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">12A</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF79F9C820FE08E006" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[189,394,1066,1092]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF79F9C820FE08E006" box="[189,394,1066,1092]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the development of two lateral umbones may occur exclusively in ovicellate zooids, resulting from the thickening of the proximalmost pair of oral spines as illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC21FFAF7DACC846FE84E0C9" author="Soule D. F. & Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W." pageId="27" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref19065" refString="Soule D. F., Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">
|
||
Soule
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7C73C845FAF5E025" box="[1335,1399,1101,1127]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 54a). However, it’s noteworthy that we did not observe this particular feature in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D273E6C0BC21FFAF7C4CC87BFAF0E0C8" box="[1288,1394,1136,1162]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, where the two proximalmost pair of spines in ovicellate zooids where simply retained in their original state (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7841C8BCFE15E093" box="[261,407,1207,1233]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-12@28.[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Microporella umboniformis Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1995, holotype (SBMNH 671678) (previouslyAHF 213),Velero BS1064,off Santa Barbara Island(33°30′1.00008″N,119°2′20.00004″W), depth 49 m, California, USA. A. Group of zooids showing single or paired adventitious avicularia and five to six oral spines. Note the consistent absence of umbones lateral to orifice. B. Close-up of a zooid at colony margin showing six robust spines, paired avicularia and a short, pointed umbo proximal to ascopore.C. Close-up of orifice showing two small condyles at some distance from corners and proximal margin slightly concave between condyles as in M. umbonata. D. Close-up of C-shaped ascopore with denticulations. E. Group of zooids with some at the bottom showing larger pseudopores, likely due to the absence of the external layer of calcification, and some others with extensive secondary calcification. F. Close-up of one of the zooids in (E) showing larger pseudopores likely due to the lack of external frontal calcification. G–H. Close-ups of the same ovicell in frontal and lateral view, respectively. Note that the two proximalmost spines are retained. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 1 mm; F–H = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030337/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 11G–H</figureCitation>
|
||
). This observation suggests the possibility that the figured specimen in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC21FFAF7DA9C8BCFE84E0B7" author="Soule D. F. & Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W." pageId="27" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref19065" refString="Soule D. F., Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">
|
||
Soule
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7C7DC8B3FAF5E093" box="[1337,1399,1207,1233]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 54a) might not be the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D273E6C0BC21FFAF7B01C8D1FD32E0B6" box="[581,688,1242,1268]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Additionally, the adventitious avicularium in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7D9DC8D0FAFAE0B6" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1241,1400,1242,1268]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7D9DC8D0FAFAE0B6" box="[1241,1400,1242,1268]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is either single or frequently absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7BC9C8F6FCA4E155" box="[653,806,1277,1303]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Figs 10A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7A7CC8F6FC10E155" box="[824,914,1277,1303]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1423,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-392@29.[189,1398,1423,1854]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 12. Microporella umbonata Hincks, 1883, (NHMUK 1921.11.17.15), Departure Bay, Vancouver, Canada. A. Group of zooids, some with ovicells.B. Distal end of zooid, showing ovicell and avicularium. C. Close-up showing C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 100 µm; C = 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030341/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">12A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7DE0C8F5FAF5E155" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[1188,1399,1277,1303]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7DE0C8F5FAF5E155" box="[1188,1399,1277,1303]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
consistently exhibits avicularia, which are more commonly single, though they also frequently occur in pairs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7843C94FFE3BE11C" box="[263,441,1348,1374]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-12@28.[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Microporella umboniformis Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1995, holotype (SBMNH 671678) (previouslyAHF 213),Velero BS1064,off Santa Barbara Island(33°30′1.00008″N,119°2′20.00004″W), depth 49 m, California, USA. A. Group of zooids showing single or paired adventitious avicularia and five to six oral spines. Note the consistent absence of umbones lateral to orifice. B. Close-up of a zooid at colony margin showing six robust spines, paired avicularia and a short, pointed umbo proximal to ascopore.C. Close-up of orifice showing two small condyles at some distance from corners and proximal margin slightly concave between condyles as in M. umbonata. D. Close-up of C-shaped ascopore with denticulations. E. Group of zooids with some at the bottom showing larger pseudopores, likely due to the absence of the external layer of calcification, and some others with extensive secondary calcification. F. Close-up of one of the zooids in (E) showing larger pseudopores likely due to the lack of external frontal calcification. G–H. Close-ups of the same ovicell in frontal and lateral view, respectively. Note that the two proximalmost spines are retained. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 1 mm; F–H = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030337/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 11A–B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ascopore in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7BD2C94FFCB7E11C" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[662,821,1348,1374]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7BD2C94FFCB7E11C" box="[662,821,1348,1374]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unusually close to the proximal margin of the orifice, sometimes in direct contact, and enclosed by the same smooth gymnocystal calcification rim surrounding the orifice (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7899C981FDCFE1E6" box="[477,589,1418,1444]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Figs 10B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7B1FC981FD30E1E6" box="[603,690,1418,1444]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1423,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-392@29.[189,1398,1423,1854]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 12. Microporella umbonata Hincks, 1883, (NHMUK 1921.11.17.15), Departure Bay, Vancouver, Canada. A. Group of zooids, some with ovicells.B. Distal end of zooid, showing ovicell and avicularium. C. Close-up showing C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 100 µm; C = 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030341/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">12B–C</figureCitation>
|
||
), while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7A77C980FB83E1E6" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[819,1025,1418,1444]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7A77C980FB83E1E6" box="[819,1025,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is clearly separated from the proximal margin of the orifice at a distance of about one ascopore width (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7D58C9A6FB29E185" box="[1052,1195,1453,1479]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-12@28.[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Microporella umboniformis Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1995, holotype (SBMNH 671678) (previouslyAHF 213),Velero BS1064,off Santa Barbara Island(33°30′1.00008″N,119°2′20.00004″W), depth 49 m, California, USA. A. Group of zooids showing single or paired adventitious avicularia and five to six oral spines. Note the consistent absence of umbones lateral to orifice. B. Close-up of a zooid at colony margin showing six robust spines, paired avicularia and a short, pointed umbo proximal to ascopore.C. Close-up of orifice showing two small condyles at some distance from corners and proximal margin slightly concave between condyles as in M. umbonata. D. Close-up of C-shaped ascopore with denticulations. E. Group of zooids with some at the bottom showing larger pseudopores, likely due to the absence of the external layer of calcification, and some others with extensive secondary calcification. F. Close-up of one of the zooids in (E) showing larger pseudopores likely due to the lack of external frontal calcification. G–H. Close-ups of the same ovicell in frontal and lateral view, respectively. Note that the two proximalmost spines are retained. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 1 mm; F–H = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030337/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 11C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC21FFAF79F9C9E4FC72E32B" blockId="27.[187,1400,1518,1897]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC21FFAF79F9C9E4FE3FE24B" author="Soule D. F. & Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W." box="[189,445,1518,1545]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref19065" refString="Soule D. F., Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">
|
||
Soule
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7841C9E4FEBDE24B" box="[261,319,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995: 21)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
delineate key characteristics to differentiate between the two species, emphasizing the presence of a “frontal wall with large pores” in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7A58CA18FC38E26E" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[796,954,1554,1580]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7A58CA18FC38E26E" box="[796,954,1554,1580]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and a “frontal wall with small pores” in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF79A5CA3DFE31E20D" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[225,435,1589,1615]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF79A5CA3DFE31E20D" box="[225,435,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7BD5CA3EFD6EE20D" box="[657,748,1589,1615]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
) and the specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7D4FCA3DFB2CE20D" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1035,1198,1589,1615]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7D4FCA3DFB2CE20D" box="[1035,1198,1589,1615]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Departure Bay,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC21FFAF79B8CA53FED6E230" box="[252,340,1624,1650]" name="Canada" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7823CA53FE43E230" box="[359,449,1624,1650]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[189,232,1892,1918]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1423,1854]" captionTargetId="figure-392@29.[189,1398,1423,1854]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 12. Microporella umbonata Hincks, 1883, (NHMUK 1921.11.17.15), Departure Bay, Vancouver, Canada. A. Group of zooids, some with ovicells.B. Distal end of zooid, showing ovicell and avicularium. C. Close-up showing C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 400 µm; B = 100 µm; C = 40 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030341" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030341/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
), used for comparative analysis, show no discernible difference in pseudopore size [D = 7–14 µm (9.75±2.1 µm, N = 20) and D = 6–14 µm (9.3±2.2 µm, N = 20) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7D9DCA77FAFAE2D7" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1241,1400,1659,1685]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7D9DCA77FAFAE2D7" box="[1241,1400,1659,1685]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from California and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC21FFAF78F8CA94FD95E2FB" box="[444,535,1695,1721]" name="Canada" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, respectively] when contrasted with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D273E6C0BC21FFAF7D49CA94FBF6E2FB" box="[1037,1140,1695,1721]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7DE1CA94FAF5E2FB" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[1189,1399,1695,1721]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7DE1CA94FAF5E2FB" box="[1189,1399,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[D = 7–15 µm (9.8±2.1 µm, N = 20)]. Notably, it is in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="D273E6C0BC21FFAF7A12CAC9FC3FE29E" box="[854,957,1730,1756]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7AA5CAC8FB2EE29E" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[993,1196,1730,1756]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7AA5CAC8FB2EE29E" box="[993,1196,1730,1756]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we observed larger pseudopores in some zooids (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC21FFAF7BC1CAEEFC88E2BD" box="[645,778,1765,1791]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[189,232,1576,1602]" captionTargetBox="[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-12@28.[370,1218,265,1538]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 11. Microporella umboniformis Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1995, holotype (SBMNH 671678) (previouslyAHF 213),Velero BS1064,off Santa Barbara Island(33°30′1.00008″N,119°2′20.00004″W), depth 49 m, California, USA. A. Group of zooids showing single or paired adventitious avicularia and five to six oral spines. Note the consistent absence of umbones lateral to orifice. B. Close-up of a zooid at colony margin showing six robust spines, paired avicularia and a short, pointed umbo proximal to ascopore.C. Close-up of orifice showing two small condyles at some distance from corners and proximal margin slightly concave between condyles as in M. umbonata. D. Close-up of C-shaped ascopore with denticulations. E. Group of zooids with some at the bottom showing larger pseudopores, likely due to the absence of the external layer of calcification, and some others with extensive secondary calcification. F. Close-up of one of the zooids in (E) showing larger pseudopores likely due to the lack of external frontal calcification. G–H. Close-ups of the same ovicell in frontal and lateral view, respectively. Note that the two proximalmost spines are retained. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 1 mm; F–H = 250 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030337/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">Fig. 11E–F</figureCitation>
|
||
), seemingly attributable to the absence of the external layer of calcification. The sole difference is in their arrangement of pseudopores, which form radiating lines in our specimens and the specimen from Departure Bay, consistent with Hincks’ (1883) description, as opposed to the scattered distribution observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7A59CB44FC6BE32B" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[797,1001,1871,1897]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7A59CB44FC6BE32B" box="[797,1001,1871,1897]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC21FFA979F9CB9BFC0DE5CE" blockId="27.[189,1400,1936,1998]" lastBlockId="29.[188,1399,265,396]" lastPageId="29" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC21FFAF79F9CB9BFE19E3E9" author="Soule D. F. & Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W." box="[189,411,1936,1963]" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref19065" refString="Soule D. F., Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">
|
||
Soule
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF784CCB9AFEC6E3E8" box="[264,324,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1995)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized Osburn’s records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF7A7DCB9AFC55E3E8" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[825,983,1936,1962]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF7A7DCB9AFC55E3E8" box="[825,983,1936,1962]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with their newly described species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC21FFAF79FACBBFFE12E38F" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[190,400,1971,1997]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="27" pageNumber="61" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC21FFAF79FACBBFFE12E38F" box="[190,400,1971,1997]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="61">M. umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but it remains unclear whether they re-examined Osburn’s specimens. In their paragraph on distribution, they referred to Osburn’s records as “probably the new species”, a statement that introduced some uncertainties. Nevertheless,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC27FFA97BBBCD27FC66E504" author="Osburn R. C." box="[767,996,300,327]" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref18805" refString="Osburn R. C. 1952. Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America, part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Report of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 14: 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn (1952: 378)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described “4 to 6 small oral spines which are evanescent” but he did not illustrate them (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC27FFA97A31CD44FB97E528" author="Osburn R. C." box="[885,1045,335,362]" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref18805" refString="Osburn R. C. 1952. Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America, part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Report of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 14: 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: pl. 44 fig. 4), suggesting the possibility that he might have been dealing with both species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="59B708EABC26FFA879F9CA23FE7BE3AB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030337" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11030337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030337/files/figure.png" pageId="28" pageNumber="62" startId="28.[189,232,1576,1602]" targetBox="[370,1218,265,1538]" targetPageId="28">
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC26FFA879F9CA23FE7BE3AB" blockId="28.[189,1400,1576,2025]" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC26FFA879F9CA23FEA2E200" bold="true" box="[189,288,1576,1602]" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">Fig. 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC26FFA8786BCA23FB88E201" authority="Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1995" authorityName="Soule, Soule & Chaney" authorityYear="1995" box="[303,1034,1576,1603]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umboniformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC26FFA8786BCA23FDFDE200" box="[303,639,1576,1602]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">Microporella umboniformis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC26FFA87BCACA23FB88E201" author="Soule D. F. & Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W." box="[654,1034,1576,1603]" pageId="28" pageNumber="62" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref19065" refString="Soule D. F., Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">Soule, Soule & Chaney, 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, holotype (SBMNH 671678) (previously AHF 213),Velero BS1064,off Santa Barbara Island (33°30′1.00008″ N,119°2′20.00004″ W), depth 49 m, California, USA.
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC26FFA87B66CA65FDB5E2CA" bold="true" box="[546,567,1646,1672]" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Group of zooids showing single or paired adventitious avicularia and five to six oral spines. Note the consistent absence of umbones lateral to orifice.
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC26FFA87D29CA99FB03E2EE" bold="true" box="[1133,1153,1682,1708]" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of a zooid at colony margin showing six robust spines, paired avicularia and a short, pointed umbo proximal to ascopore.
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC26FFA87876CAD3FEC5E2B0" bold="true" box="[306,327,1752,1778]" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of orifice showing two small condyles at some distance from corners and proximal margin slightly concave between condyles as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC26FFA87BBCCAF7FC14E357" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[760,918,1787,1813]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="28" pageNumber="62" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC26FFA87BBCCAF7FC14E357" box="[760,918,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">M. umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC26FFA87AE1CAF0FC38E357" bold="true" box="[933,954,1787,1813]" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of C-shaped ascopore with denticulations.
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC26FFA87835CB15FE07E37A" bold="true" box="[369,389,1822,1848]" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Group of zooids with some at the bottom showing larger pseudopores, likely due to the absence of the external layer of calcification, and some others with extensive secondary calcification.
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC26FFA879F9CB6EFF4DE33D" bold="true" box="[189,207,1893,1919]" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">F</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up of one of the zooids in (E) showing larger pseudopores likely due to the lack of external frontal calcification.
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC26FFA878F6CB83FE6CE3E0" bold="true" box="[434,494,1928,1954]" pageId="28" pageNumber="62">G–H</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-ups of the same ovicell in frontal and lateral view, respectively. Note that the two proximalmost spines are retained. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B–C = 200 µm; D = 50 µm; E = 1 mm; F–H = 250 µm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC27FFA979F9CDBFFC65E5B3" blockId="29.[189,1399,436,498]" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">
|
||
The shape and size of ovicell in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC27FFA97B24CDBEFC81E58C" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[608,771,436,462]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC27FFA97B24CDBEFC81E58C" box="[608,771,436,462]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">M. umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vary among zooids, even within the same colony (
|
||
<figureCitation id="95F344E7BC27FFA97982CDDCFEB1E5B3" box="[198,307,471,497]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[189,232,1857,1883]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetId="figure-241@26.[189,1398,1208,1818]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 10. Microporella umbonata (Hincks, 1883) (NHMO H1940), Palmer’s Point, Trinidad, California, USA. A. Group of ovicellate and non-ovicellate zooids, one zooid with avicularium. B. Distal part of autozooid showing umbonate ovicell, small adventitious avicularium, C-shaped ascopore with projecting tongue and denticulate margin, and concave proximal margin of orifice with triangular condyles. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 200 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11030333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11030333/files/figure.png" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
), likely influenced by the extent of secondary calcification.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="45D20BE9BC27FFA979F9CE13FD10E753" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC27FFA979F9CE13FE77E671" blockId="29.[189,501,536,563]" box="[189,501,536,563]" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<heading id="563FEF0EBC27FFA979F9CE13FE77E671" bold="true" box="[189,501,536,563]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" reason="3">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC27FFA979F9CE13FE77E671" bold="true" box="[189,501,536,563]" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">Distribution and ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D775862BC27FFA979F9CE4CFD10E753" blockId="29.[189,1399,583,785]" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC27FFA979F9CE4CFE56E623" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[189,468,583,609]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC27FFA979F9CE4CFE56E623" box="[189,468,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">Microporella umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been recorded along the eastern Pacific coast, with previous records from the Queen Charlotte Islands,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC27FFA978AECE61FD3BE6C6" box="[490,697,618,644]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC27FFA97B81CE61FC9FE6C6" box="[709,797,618,644]" name="Canada" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">Canada</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC27FFA97A69CE61FC48E6C6" author="Hincks T." box="[813,970,618,644]" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" pagination="442 - 451" refId="ref18164" refString="Hincks T. 1883. Report on the Polyzoa of the Queen Charlotte Islands. 2. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Series 5 11: 442 - 451. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938309459178" type="journal article" year="1883">Hincks 1883</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Osburn’s records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CAC823E1BC27FFA97D95CE60FAEDE6C6" authorityName="NHMO H" authorityYear="1940" baseAuthorityName="Hincks" baseAuthorityYear="1883" box="[1233,1391,618,644]" class="Gymnolaemata" family="Microporellidae" genus="Microporella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cheilostomatida" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" phylum="Bryozoa" rank="species" species="umbonata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC27FFA97D95CE60FAEDE6C6" box="[1233,1391,618,644]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">M. umbonata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, though uncertain, originated from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC27FFA97B16CE85FC9CE6E5" box="[594,798,653,680]" name="San Pedro Island" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">San Pedro Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Santa Cruz Island and Dillon Beach in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC27FFA97DBCCE86FAF0E6E5" box="[1272,1394,653,679]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and Puget Sound,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC27FFA978D0CEBAFDA1E689" box="[404,547,689,715]" country="United States of America" name="Washington" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">Washington</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC27FFA97B6ACEBAFDEEE689" box="[558,620,689,715]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, from the intertidal zone down to a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="CA30F587BC27FFA97D3ECEBAFB47E689" box="[1146,1221,689,715]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.02" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" unit="m" value="102.0">102 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC27FFA97D90CEBAFAF0E68E" author="Osburn R. C." box="[1236,1394,689,716]" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" pagination="271 - 611" refId="ref18805" refString="Osburn R. C. 1952. Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America, part 2, Cheilostomata - Ascophora. Report of the Allan Hancock Pacific Expeditions 14: 271 - 611." type="journal article" year="1952">Osburn 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69592593BC27FFA979F9CEDFFE0DE6AD" author="Soule D. F. & Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W." box="[189,399,724,751]" pageId="29" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 344" refId="ref19065" refString="Soule D. F., Soule J. D. & Chaney H. W. 1995. Taxonomic atlas of the benthic fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and western Santa Barbara Channel. The Bryozoa. Irene McCulloch Foundation Monograph Series 2: 1 - 344." type="book chapter" year="1995">
|
||
Soule
|
||
<emphasis id="3FBC8470BC27FFA9784DCEDEFEC5E6AC" box="[265,327,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1995
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Colonies from this study were found in Greenwood and Palmer’s Point,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC27FFA97C4FCEDFFAF0E6AC" box="[1291,1394,724,750]" name="Trinidad and Tobago" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">Trinidad</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CF0C9680BC27FFA979FBCEFCFEBBE753" box="[191,313,759,785]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">California</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="75DF18F2BC27FFA97801CEFCFE01E753" box="[325,387,759,785]" name="United States of America" pageId="29" pageNumber="63">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
, both encrusting rocks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |