158 lines
25 KiB
XML
158 lines
25 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C0C86E77FCC76555B552D94AFCF6D45E">A revision of Northern Vietnamese species of the ant genus Pheidole (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae).</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="22C663D5992A1A566B276B83D6E7A537">Eguchi, K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="E16B148609A35D28D3C274814217639D">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="79657BC8BE0394BFB102DC8D6A7111E9">1902</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="E50E545A8F700526DEB2A43FA52193D1">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="E1B439D6B786C860AA38208EDE0F7345" type="HNS-Pub">22171</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="788A3E7784905D7D651941AD7B89E746" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6235658" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100122330" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6235658" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:788A3E7784905D7D651941AD7B89E746" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/788A3E7784905D7D651941AD7B89E746" lastPageNumber="77" pageNumber="73">
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<subSubSection id="3FB1D5C2097DE25B780315575FE92280" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E38927E53018CD8749E183EE5F8DCA47" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="A685D5B0BA491E25A338A134DFCEB287" ID-CoL="4FYJ4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiaria">Pheidole plagiaria F. Smith</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B8805B9A8F8FEF04F32FFD32E033F9B" type="description">
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<paragraph id="265426B3655F33C98FB328750D24DA33" pageNumber="73">Figs. 20a-g, 32e, 32f</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4E873877323E453502873A0131C06BB3" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="9232B0C981D6CED464976820E94DE800" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="64FD50CB0DBF95CDE0444CE269BE29C4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiaria">Pheidole plagiaria F. Smith</taxonomicName>
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, 1860: 112. Eguchi, Bui et al. 2005: 90 (checklist). Syntypes: 3 majors & 3 minors, "Bac" [Batjan, Indonesia],
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<collectionCode id="C8E48024CD934C27D3C942A7867DA624" collectionName="United Kingdom, Oxford, University Museum of Natural History">OXUM</collectionCode>
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TYPE HYM: 983 1-2/6, 3-4/6 & 5-6/6, examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="2D8A02DB296A261D3CB33B31C7AFBCEE" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="03171EED0529A6623570C8F120CFAA35" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:142504" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole divergens Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="divergens">Pheidole divergens Mayr</taxonomicName>
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, 1867: 97. Mayr, 1879: 675 (junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="0DB6868B81A8465B31F54F85C39E5E67" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="246" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiaria">P. plagiaria</taxonomicName>
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). Syntypes: major, minor, queen & male, Indonesia, not examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C69C9C1690ADDF4CE86E9067CC63C1D3" pageNumber="73">
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<taxonomicName id="57A9E4CAB8B3F97B130808D9C48528A6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151468" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole peguensis yomensis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="peguensis" subSpecies="yomensis">Pheidole peguensis r. yomensis Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1903: 253.
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FE9FBF1FA593664277D5D5FA3874FC56">Syn.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Syntype: 1 major, "Lower Burma Pegu Yoma 1 1900 Bingham" [Myanmer],
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<collectionCode id="E4E6B1DC62F0CA1AE3B61418DDE9DF8B" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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, examined, designated as lectotype [Fig. 32e, 32f].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B8E7E8E25D88FB9A0568EE300777D172" pageNumber="73">
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Current subspecies (Bolton, 1995): nominal plus
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<taxonomicName id="9602B4A4884A5C665597D2A66273158B" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151477" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria moica Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="moica">moica Forel</taxonomicName>
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, 1911c: 222, syntype(s): major, Central part of Southern Vietnam, not examined;
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<taxonomicName id="080A215C424C91147911822D3C2EE4E7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151479" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria palawanica Stitz" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palawanica">palawanica Stitz</taxonomicName>
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, 1925: 118, syntypes: 2 majors, "N. Palawan Binaluan Boettcher" [Philippines],
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<collectionCode id="3763FAEBDA8C3D08CA05EDE8CB872DDA" collectionName="Germany, Berlin, Museum fuer Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universitaet">ZMHB</collectionCode>
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, examined;
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<taxonomicName id="8AAAD277CE8BA73FF55C19BB3BCAE726" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151480" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria rectilineata Viehmeyer" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="73" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rectilineata">rectilineata Viehmeyer</taxonomicName>
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, 1916b: 288-289, syntype(s): major, Sulawesi (in copal), not examined.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4AF6DAB020BA6D11D91C77D275E7BB93" pageNumber="74">
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<pageStartToken id="17AEAFD663B8A7E510F07259E4FE12FF" pageNumber="74">Other</pageStartToken>
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material examined: S. China: Hainan: Jianling
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="36EB606C576B2ADEDDAF186EB341BDE3" rank="subSpecies">N.R.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, Wanling [J. Fellowes]. Vietnam: Thai Nguyen: My Yen Commune Forest,
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<geoCoordinate id="0F7C4B9D34E5BD75550B233F3C1FC849" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="21.583334">21°35'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="596EAA5E062578090643C867B0D33935" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="135.6">135°36'E</geoCoordinate>
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, Na Hau Village [Eg01-VN-147]; Vinh Phuc: Tam Dao N.P.,
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<geoCoordinate id="D234D83AA6A1A76B80F90E6F2C38C38A" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="21.45">21°27'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8160B0D849B4DC4F6B0C9894B2FFAD58" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="105.63333">105°38'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 800-900 m alt. [Eg99-VN-037, -038], Tam Dao N.P., 900 m alt. [Eg99-VN- 001, -005, -008, -009; Eg01-VN-104, -106], Tam Dao N.P., 900-1100 m alt. [Eg99-VN-052], Tam Dao N.P., 1100 m alt. [VN98-SKY-14]; Ha Tay (mislabeled as "Ha Tai"): Ba Vi N.P., 400-800 m alt. [Eg99-VN-119]. Thailand: Chiang Mai: Doi Ang Khang HQ, 1300 m alt. [TH98-SKY-28], Doi Chiang Dao [Eg01-TH-122, - 134, -148], Doi Chiang Dao, 500-600 m alt. [TH98-SKY-18], Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 600 m alt. [TH98-SKY- 04], Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 800 m alt. [TH98-SKY-08], Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 800-900 m alt. [Eg01-TH-069, - 096, -098, -100], Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 900 m alt. [Eg01-TH-082, -083, -086, -087, -089, -090], Doi Suthep-Pui N.P., 1200 m alt. (Doi Pui) [Eg01-TH-110, -118]; Nakhonratchasima: Khao Yai N.P. [TH00-SKY-24], nr. Sakaerat Environmental Research Centre [Eg99-TH-020; Eg01-TH-532, -549]; Chanthabri: Khao Soi Dao [Eg01-TH-021]; Chacheongsao: Lumchangwat Station, Khao Ang Reu Nai W.S. [TH03-SKY-69]; Pattani: Soi Khao [TH98-SKY-40]; Trang: Khao Chong Waterfall [Eg01-TH-708, -714, -723, -736, -745, -746, -758]; Songkhla: Ton Nga Chang, nr. Hat Yai [Eg01-TH-613, -615, -626, -628], Songkhla Univ. (Khao Kor Hong) [Eg01-TH-597, -598]; Narathiwat: Bala area of Bala-Hala W.S. [Eg01-TH-636]. Myanmar: Chin: between Kampetlet and Natmataung N.P., 1670 m alt. [MM02-SKY-46], between Kampetlet and Natmataung N.P., 1700 m alt. [MM02-SKY-02], between Kampetlet and Natmataung N.P., 1760 m alt. [MM02-SKY-34], Natmataung N.P., 2000 m alt. [MM02-SKY-10], Natmataung N.P.,
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<geoCoordinate id="DAEA9732A3CF0BBE12931EB6DD2A72A6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" value="21.216667">21°13'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4C15FB831388E578A8E4067F25E8E8AC" direction="east" orientation="longitude" value="93.933334">93°56'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2000 m alt. [MM02-SKY- 24, -26, -29]. W. Malaysia: Selangor: Ulu Gombak [FI92MG-174, -383]. E. Malaysia: Sabah: Deramakot Forest Reserve [C. Bruhl], Gunong Rara [Eg96-BOR-351, -363; Eg97-BOR-526, -534, -556, -566], Poring, 450- 500 m alt. [Eg96-BOR-271], Poring, 500-550 m alt. [Eg96-BOR-294], Poring, 600 m alt., [T. Kikuta's colony: 8-A, 43A, 731, 6XI2306S1-4], Sepilok Forest [Eg97-BOR-412, -418, -460, -464; Eg98-BOR-871], Tawau Hills Park [Sk. Yamane]; Sarawak: Lambir Hills N.P. [Eg98-BOR-803, -808, -817, -819, -825, -829], Lambir Hills N.P. (Inoue Trail) [SR04-SKY-67]. Brunei: Belalong Forest Section [Eg99-BOR-211], Merimbun Heritage Park (=Tasek Merimbun) [Eg99-BOR-007, -008, -028, -030, -035, -070, -074, -123, -150, -552, -567, -568; Eg00-BOR-019, -022, -064]. Indonesia: E. Kalimantan: Sangkimah, Kutai N.P. [Sk. Yamane]; W. Sumatra: Sukarami, nr. Padang [FI92-66, -83; FI96-162; M. Kawamura's colony: 9/29c (1999)]; Krakatau Is.: P. Rakata Besar [Kagoshima Univ. Krakatau Exp.]; W. Java: Cibodas [M. Kawamura's colony: D28 (1997)], Kebun Raya, Bogor [FI95-534, -784; Sk. Yamane; M. Kawamura's colony: 154 (1998), 9/26a (1999), 10/5b (1999), 10/5c (1999)], G. Halimun [FI98-373; M. Kawamura's colony: 5/6a (1998)], Pangandaran [FI95-705], Ciater, 1350 m alt. [Syaukani]; C. Java: Borobudur, nr. Yogyakarta [Sk. Yamane], Kaliadem, 800-1000 m alt., G. Merapi [JV02/03-SKY-38]; E. Java: Sumberbrantas, 1600 m alt., Tulungrejo, Batu [JV02/03-SKY-78, -79]; Bali: Kebun Raya [FI94-137]. Philippines: Leyte: Baybay, Mt. Pangasugan, Calbiga-a River [Zettel].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FFDE74E8677EC54793B2D2BE1EC0E684" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E809C3B11E0AE44881445DF3030CB84C" pageNumber="74">Worker measurement & indices: Major (n=5). - HL 1.65-1.89 mm, HW 1.59-1.77 mm, CI 91-98, SL 1.03-1.22 mm, SI 59-71, FL 1.42-1.70 mm, FI 85-99.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="57B8516A3BC9AF2C2CB1151468D0E1BD" pageNumber="74">Minor (n=5). - HL 0.79-0.93 mm, HW 0.67-0.75 mm, CI 81-85, SL 1.01-1.20 mm, SI 146-163, FL 1.12-1.36 mm, FI 162-181.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="BC9E039D15F96663FF42A7820BDCF537" pageNumber="74">Worker description</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="43C1763AADAB6D47FBDEE134F04D8440" lastPageNumber="77" pageNumber="74">
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Major. - Head in lateral view not or only very weakly impressed on vertex; posterior margin of head in full-face view relatively widely and deeply concave; longitudinal rugulae running on the frons and then spreading posterolaterad as they run almost transversely on the posteriormost part of the dorsum of vertexal lobe; posterolateral face of head with oblique rugulae which run anteroventrad from dorsal face of vertexal lobe; frontal carina conspicuous; antennal scrobe inconspicuous or only weakly impressed; median longitudinal carina of clypeus present but weak, or rarely absent; median and submedian processes of hypostoma inconspicuous or absent; lateral processes conspicuous; outer surface of mandible covered with relatively long decumbent hairs; antenna with a 3-segmented club; maximal diameter of eye a little longer, as long as, or a
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<pageStartToken id="76D3F2BF78C6ED36A189A41459566E79" pageNumber="76">little</pageStartToken>
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shorter than antennal segment X. Promesonotal dome in dorsal view transversely rugose with interspaces smooth to shagreened, or smooth to shagreened with sparse several transverse rugulae; the dome in lateral view with a low prominence or mound on its posterior slope; humerus of the dome not or hardly produced laterad; the dome at the humeri narrower than at the bottom; mesopleuron, metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum
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<pageStartToken id="1F1DB914B5DEB198B1FD359151671401" pageNumber="77">rugoso-reticulate</pageStartToken>
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, with enclosures punctured. Outer surface of foretibia bearing relatively long decumbent-suberect hairs. Petiole longer than postpetiole (excluding helcium); postpetiole not massive. First gastral tergite largely smooth and shining, but sometimes weakly punctured around its articulation with postpetiole.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="FB006F10A7E861E709515569C0A23057">
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<paragraph id="1307CBBF56B17EA4F3BBD2A04EA462A1" pageNumber="75">
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FIGURE 20a-d,
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<taxonomicName id="BB90D355B13CC63CAE5D93AE8CA9A878" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="75" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiaria">Pheidole plagiaria</taxonomicName>
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, major [Eg99-VN-037] - a, head in full-face view; b, head in lateral view; c, mesosoma and waist in dorsal view; d, mesosoma and waist in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="900738D32EE4E6E9002D46E224F85018">
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<paragraph id="F4B8BA684C5CA28217F12FFB0CB02710" pageNumber="76">
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FIGURE 20e-g,
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<taxonomicName id="EC308D808181C9411C47C7EEF4E0EA5F" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="76" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiaria">Pheidole plagiaria</taxonomicName>
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, minor [Eg99-VN-037] - e, head in full-face view; f, mesosoma and waist in dorsal view; g, mesosoma and waist in lateral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="4D362F878CFAB07B1ACE23E777F43D08" pageNumber="77">Minor. - Frons and dorsal face of vertex smooth and shining, or very weakly punctured or rugoso-punctate; area between antennal insertion and eye rugose or rugoso-punctate; preoccipital carina well-developed; median part of clypeus with a zigzag or ramified (but rarely straight) median carina which is usually accompanied with weak rugulae; antenna with a 3-segmented club; scape extending far beyond posterolateral margin of head; maximal diameter of eye shorter than antennal segment X. Promesonotal dome smooth and shining, or in dorsal view concentrically rugose, with a median area smooth and shining or very weakly punctured; the posterior slope of the dome with a low mound which bears several (>2) standing hairs; humerus in dorso-oblique view not or hardly produced; mesopleuron, metapleuron and lateral face of propodeum punctured, usually overlain by weak rugoso-reticulation; propodeal spine horn-like or elongate-triangular, narrowly based, directing relatively upward. Petiole longer than postpetiole (excluding helcium); postpetiole not massive.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A657306132B60A504356587BC07BAA1B" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="5C06CB98CA3843489C2D4E0EA63F772B" pageNumber="77">
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Recognition: The syntype major of
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<taxonomicName id="CE50653C39B3CAEC9C7CBB6B7EA94C45" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151468" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole peguensis yomensis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="peguensis" subSpecies="yomensis">Pheidole peguensis r. yomensis Forel</taxonomicName>
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agrees with the majors of Thai populations of
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<taxonomicName id="93223F763B05EC4F59B83B971D87F64C" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiaria">Pheidole plagiaria</taxonomicName>
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(e.g., Eg01-TH-083). Thus, I here synonymize
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<taxonomicName id="1226FDD2077D1B893528B3D1C31BC8D6" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151468" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole peguensis yomensis Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="peguensis" subSpecies="yomensis">Pheidole peguensis r. yomensis</taxonomicName>
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with
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<taxonomicName id="0F33CB3AC776DD2B36817EC7F4856473" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="45" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiaria">P. plagiaria</taxonomicName>
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. Three
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<taxonomicName id="F05337A862CCACA1809212017B79E670" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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minors which are pinned together and labeled as "Ph
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<taxonomicName id="CC5522878F1E868F8D0312820A52C707" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing, matching species" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiaria">plagiaria Sm</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="8EFF46CF38E7FC1D1C310D964173EB09" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151477" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.completionEvidence="missing" genus.completionRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria moica Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="plagiaria" species.completionEvidence="missing" species.completionRound="1" variety="moica">v. moica For</taxonomicName>
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.... Mois Cochinchine (Dugas)" were examined (
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<collectionCode id="BFCA3DD0A46BF43706144ADC12FEADF7" collectionName="Switzerland, Geneva, Museum d'Histoire Naturelle">MHNG</collectionCode>
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). The top of the pin is undoubtedly a minor of
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<taxonomicName id="B8370DB2E3787FC4593C6C7DC1DFE993" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33933" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria Smith" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiaria">Pheidole plagiaria</taxonomicName>
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, while the middle is the other
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<taxonomicName id="56B798A77CFD65CD74E5D29DF92A3FE3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24885" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole Westwood" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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species, and the bottom is
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<taxonomicName id="7B2781DA636D4C9E0B1DF6FDB8D02CA7" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:24893" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidologeton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidologeton Mayr" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidologeton</taxonomicName>
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sp. Forel (1911) described "
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<taxonomicName id="D9DD5D039703A4D537FA35D114A4A348" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:151477" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="75" genus.bestMatchVote="2" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole plagiaria moica Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="plagiaria" variety="moica">P. plagiaria var. moica</taxonomicName>
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" based on the major subcaste, and so I refrain from resolving the synonymy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F2523DBE10CDBB661AEDB8C702B63E31" pageNumber="77">
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This species is characterized among Indo-Chinese species by the combination of the following features: in the major posterior margin of head in full-face view relatively widely and deeply concave; in the major the posteriormost part of the dorsum of vertexal lobe almost transversely rugose; in the major and minor the posterior slope of promosonotal dome with a prominence or mound; in the major outer surface of foretibia bearing relatively long decumbent-suberect hairs; in the minor median part of clypeus with a zigzag or ramified (but rarely straight) median carina which is usually accompanied with weak rugulae. The minor of this species is similar to that of
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<taxonomicName id="3654FB8BD39397979F22794CB60144A9" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:33623" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" genus.bestMatchDistance="21925" genus.bestMatchVote="1" genus.innerRound="1" genus.outerRound="1" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Pheidole binghamii Forel" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="77" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="binghami">P. binghami</taxonomicName>
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, but in the latter median part of clypeus has no rugula and the mound on the posterior slope of promesonotal dome has only a pair of hairs.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AED2BF893F9389EB5FF38EF842700C16" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="AB42B0E206069107D6753F39873479BB" pageNumber="77">Distribution & bionomics: Widely distributed in the Indo-Chinese, Indo-Malayan subregions and Austro-Malayan subregion. Indo-Malayan populations inhabit well-developed forests, and usually nest in rotting logs and wood fragments. On the other hand, Indo-Chinese populations often occur in forest edges and even in open lands adjacent to forests, and usually nest in the soil (Eguchi 2001).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |