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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36160" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a72e9038-90bd-459c-807f-d562802a6593" ID-PMC="PMC6760197" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-131-115" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F078C31508C85517964EB0749ACC8231" ID-PubMed="31582888" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3458662" ModsDocID="1314-2003-131-115" checkinTime="1568689401381" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Meerow, Alan W. &amp; Cano, Asuncion" docDate="2019" docId="786E4583A722591892B6E8F603936009" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 131: 115-126" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 131" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36160" docTitle="Clinanthus ruber Meerow &amp; A. Cano 2019, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="F078C31508C85517964EB0749ACC8231" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="F078C31508C85517964EB0749ACC8231" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic novelties in Amaryllidaceae from the Department of Ancash, Peru, and a new combination in Clinanthus" masterLastPageNumber="126" masterPageNumber="115" pageNumber="118" updateTime="1668139474743" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Taxonomic novelties in Amaryllidaceae from the Department of Ancash, Peru, and a new combination in Clinanthus</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Meerow, Alan W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cano, Asuncion</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>131</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>115</mods:start>
<mods:end>126</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36160</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.131.36160</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-131-115</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">F078C31508C85517964EB0749ACC8231</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">3458662</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159412410" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:786E4583A722591892B6E8F603936009" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/786E4583A722591892B6E8F603936009" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName LSID="786E4583-A722-5918-92B6-E8F603936009" authority="(Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus ruber" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruber" status="comb. nov.">Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A.Cano</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="118">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson rubrum" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">Stenomesson rubrum</taxonomicName>
Herb.
<taxonomicName family="Amaryllidaceae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" rank="family">Amaryllidaceae</taxonomicName>
: 199; Pl. 28. 1837.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pav ex Steud" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Herb." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Pancratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pancratium rubrum" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">Pancratium rubrum</taxonomicName>
Pav. ex Steud. Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 2: 251. 1841. TYPE: Pavon s.n. (Holotype: FI!, isotype: BM!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">Coburgia coccinea</taxonomicName>
Herb.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Curtis’s">Curtis's</normalizedToken>
Bot. Mag. 67: t. 3865. 1841, syn. nov., non
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">Coburgia coccinea</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Herb.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Edwards’">Edwards'</normalizedToken>
Bot. Reg. 28 (Misc.): 54 (1842). (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Fig. 4B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" type="notes">
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Pav ex Steud" authorityYear="1841" baseAuthorityName="Herb." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Pancratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pancratium rubrum" order="Asparagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">Pancratium rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Herb.) Pav. ex Steud. was not included in
<bibRefCitation author="Ruiz, H" journalOrPublisher="Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" refId="B24" refString="Ruiz, H, Pavon, J, 1802. Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, volume 3. Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid" title="Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, volume 3." year="1802">Ruiz and Pavon (1802)</bibRefCitation>
, even though a specimen from their expedition (FI!, FI011974) is labelled as the type of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rubrum" pageId="3" pageNumber="118" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="118">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. The name was validated by
<bibRefCitation author="von Steudel, EG" journalOrPublisher="Revista Ciencias (Lima)" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" refId="B29" refString="von Steudel, EG, 1841. Nomenclator Botanicus ed. 2, 2: 251. JG Cottae, Stuttgardtiae &amp; Tubingae." title="Nomenclator Botanicus ed. 2, 2: 251. JG Cottae, Stuttgardtiae &amp; Tubingae." year="1841">von Steudel (1841)</bibRefCitation>
. Ravenna
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="119" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
1978) believed that the type specimen represented
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson flavum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Herb., a species that was originally illustrated and described in
<bibRefCitation author="Ruiz, H" journalOrPublisher="Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" refId="B24" refString="Ruiz, H, Pavon, J, 1802. Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, volume 3. Typis Gabrielis de Sancha, Madrid" title="Flora Peruviana et Chilensis, volume 3." year="1802">Ruiz and Pavon (1802)</bibRefCitation>
as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1802" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Pancratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pancratium flavum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Pancratium flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz &amp; Pav. We believe that
<bibRefCitation author="Ravenna, P" journalOrPublisher="Plant Life" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="69 - 91" refId="B22" refString="Ravenna, P, 1978. Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII. Plant Life 34: 69 - 91" title="Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII." volume="34" year="1978">Ravenna (1978)</bibRefCitation>
was mistaken in this regard. The specimen has a single scape that bears only three flowers, and the stamens are barely if at all exerted from the perigone.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson flavum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flavum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson flavum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
always has&gt; 3 flowers and the stamens are exerted at least 1 cm from the limb.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B5" refString="Herbert, W, 1837. Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." title="Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." year="1837">Herbert (1837)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rubrum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
), which he seemed to consider distinct from
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson coccineum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson coccineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz. &amp; Pav.) Herb. [≡
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus coccineus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz. &amp; Pav.) Meerow], a decision with which we agree.
<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B5" refString="Herbert, W, 1837. Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." title="Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." year="1837">Herbert (1837)</bibRefCitation>
also surmised that errors were made regarding Ruiz and Pavon types and plates in regard to both species. Four years later,
<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B7" refString="Herbert, W, 1841. Coburgiacoccinea Herb. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 67: t. 3865." title="Coburgiacoccinea Herb. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 67: t. 3865." year="1841">Herbert (1841)</bibRefCitation>
published
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Coburgia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
). He made no reference to either
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rubrum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. coccineum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="coccineum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. coccineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though the flower in the plate (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
) looks very similar to the flower illustrated for
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rubrum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). The well-illustrated leaf morphology in the plate undoubtedly places the plant in
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. One year later,
<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B8" refString="Herbert, W, 1842. Coburgiacoccinea (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Herb. Edwards's Botanical Register 28 (Misc.): 54." title="Coburgiacoccinea (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Herb. Edwards's Botanical Register 28 (Misc.): 54." year="1842">Herbert (1842)</bibRefCitation>
assigned both
<taxonomicName authorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav" authorityYear="1802" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Pancratium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pancratium coccineum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Pancratium coccineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Ruiz [sic] and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1821" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson coccineum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson coccineum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to synonomy with
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Coburgia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. We thus regard
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Coburgia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. (1841) as distinct from
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Coburgia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Herb. (1842), nom. illeg., but conspecific to
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus ruber" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and include it in the synonymy of the latter taxon here.
</paragraph>
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">A</emphasis>
Plate 28 from
<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B5" refString="Herbert, W, 1837. Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." title="Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." year="1837">Herbert (1837)</bibRefCitation>
with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson rubrum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herb" authorityYear="1837" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson breviflorum" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="breviflorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson breviflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">B</emphasis>
Painting of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Coburgia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Coburgia coccinea" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccinea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Coburgia coccinea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. [=
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus ruber" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by
<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B7" refString="Herbert, W, 1841. Coburgiacoccinea Herb. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 67: t. 3865." title="Coburgiacoccinea Herb. Curtis's Botanical Magazine 67: t. 3865." year="1841">Herbert (1841)</bibRefCitation>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus ruber" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus coccineus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="119">
<bibRefCitation author="Ravenna, P" journalOrPublisher="Plant Life" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="69 - 91" refId="B22" refString="Ravenna, P, 1978. Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII. Plant Life 34: 69 - 91" title="Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII." volume="34" year="1978">Ravenna (1978)</bibRefCitation>
diagnosed
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus coccineus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow as belonging to his
<taxonomicName authority="subgen. Fulgituba" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subgen." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Stenomesson subgen. Fulgituba</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation author="Ravenna, P" journalOrPublisher="Plant Life" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="29 - 79" refId="B21" refString="Ravenna, P, 1974. Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VI. Plant Life 30: 29 - 79" title="Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VI." volume="30" year="1974">Ravenna (1974)</bibRefCitation>
, along with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus incarnatus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="incarnatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus incarnatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Meerow,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. microstephius" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="microstephius">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">C. microstephius</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ravenna) Meerow,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. variegatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">C. variegatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow and other species, all of which have varying apical zones of green on the tepals. Recent collections in Peru (N. C. Melly, S. Leiva, pers. comm.) confirm this, with
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow" authorityYear="2000" baseAuthorityName="Ruiz &amp; Pav." class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus coccineus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="coccineus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus coccineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4D</figureCitation>
) found both in coastal
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">lomas</emphasis>
and in the northwestern Andean slopes.
<bibRefCitation author="Ravenna, P" journalOrPublisher="Plant Life" pageId="9" pageNumber="124" pagination="69 - 91" refId="B22" refString="Ravenna, P, 1978. Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII. Plant Life 34: 69 - 91" title="Contributions to South American Amaryllidaceae VII." volume="34" year="1978">Ravenna (1978)</bibRefCitation>
seems to have considered
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. rubrum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="rubrum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. rubrum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
a synonym for
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. breviflorum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="breviflorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. breviflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Herb. We disagree with this assessment.
<bibRefCitation author="Herbert, W" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="8" pageNumber="123" refId="B5" refString="Herbert, W, 1837. Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." title="Amaryllidaceae. James Ridgeway &amp; Sons, London." year="1837">Herbert (1837)</bibRefCitation>
illustrated both in the same plate (
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. A Plate 28 from Herbert (1837) with Stenomesson rubrum Herb. illustrated (number 6, red arrow). Stenomesson breviflorum Herb. is illustrated in the same plate (numbers 7 &amp; 8, black arrows), evidence that Herbert considered these two different species B Painting of Coburgia coccinea Herb. [= Clinanthus ruber (Herb.) Meerow &amp; A. Cano] that accompanied the description by Herbert (1841) C Clinanthus ruber, photographed in Peru. Photo by Oscar de Viveroscar D Clinanthus coccineus (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Meerow, loma form, photographed in Lima Dept., Peru. Photo by Norton Cuba Melly." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/340296" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
). The type specimen of
<taxonomicName lsidName="S. breviflorum" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="breviflorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">S. breviflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Maclean s.n. K!, K000322395 &amp; 396) clearly bears pseudo-petiolate leaves, which confirms its place in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Stenomesson" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Stenomesson" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Stenomesson</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
rather than
<taxonomicName authorityName="Herbert" authorityYear="1821" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName authorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" authorityYear="2019" baseAuthorityName="Meerow &amp; A. Cano" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Liliopsida" family="Amaryllidaceae" genus="Clinanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Clinanthus ruber" order="Asparagales" pageId="4" pageNumber="119" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruber">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="119">Clinanthus ruber</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is fairly widespread in northern Peru, and can have red or pink flowers, but never more than five in all the material we have seen. It is variable in the degree to which the limb spreads from the throat of the perigone. The flowers are without any green apical zone, and bear relatively narrow leaves &lt;1 cm wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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