369 lines
46 KiB
XML
369 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2348" ID-GBIF-Dataset="83fdee6f-acd9-4661-af5b-d70fc8b5271b" ID-PMC="PMC3234411" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-149-89" ID-PubMed="22207796" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-149-89" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 149" ModsDocTitle="A new Zanclognatha from eastern North America and a preliminary key to the larvae of the genus (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae)" checkinTime="1451249582684" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Wagner, David L. & McCabe, Timothy L." docDate="2011" docId="721867489A55015E758A5B500CB6D6D3" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 149: 89-101" docOrigin="ZooKeys 149" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2348" docTitle="Zanclognatha dentata Wagner & McCabe, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="97" masterDocId="32256B6AB327FF8BFFB3FF8D0D29431B" masterDocTitle="A new Zanclognatha from eastern North America and a preliminary key to the larvae of the genus (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae)" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="89" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1668152819874" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new Zanclognatha from eastern North America and a preliminary key to the larvae of the genus (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Herminiinae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wagner, David L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McCabe, Timothy L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>149</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>89</mods:start>
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<mods:end>101</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2348</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.149.2348</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-149-89</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032353" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6C1EC0E9-2F9A-4A6B-AC61-7F712FC6C9B8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/721867489A55015E758A5B500CB6D6D3" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6C1EC0E9-2F9A-4A6B-AC61-7F712FC6C9B8" authority="Wagner & McCabe" class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata Wagner & McCabe</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="2" pageNumber="91">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-9
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="91">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="93" pageId="2" pageNumber="91">
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Holotype male (Fig. 1): USA, Connecticut, Tolland Co., Mansfield, Hunters Run,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="41.76967">41°46.18'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-72.24783">72°14.87' W</geoCoordinate>
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, 4 July 2008, D. L. Wagner, mercury vapor light; DNA barcode voucher # CNCLEP 81920 (UCMS). Paratypes 54 males, 43 females. Connecticut: Litchfield County, Norfolk Great Mountain Forest, 13 July 1997, D. L. Wagner, (1 ♂) (UCMS) & 12 July 2008, D. L. Wagner, N. Proctor, A. Meleg (1 ♂) (UCMS); Middlesex County, East Haddam, Devil's Hopyard State Park, larvae 11 May 1994, 18 June, 1995, 20 June 1999, J. Fengler, J. Lozier, beaten from
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga canadensis" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">Tsuga canadensis</taxonomicName>
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(3 ♂) (CAES); New London County, Griswold, Hopeville Pond State Park, 9 July 1996, V. Giles (2 ♂) & 22 July 1997, F. Hohn (2 ♂) (UCMS); Tolland County, Mansfield, Hunters Run,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="41.769722">41°46'11"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="-72.24777">72°14'52" W</geoCoordinate>
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, 4-18 July 1997-2008, D. L. Wagner (3 ♂, 1 ♀) (UCMS); Windham County, Hampton, 2 July 1984, D. L. Wagner (1 ♂) (UCMS); Hampton Reservoir, NW of bog, 25-26 July 1996, D. L. Wagner & B. D. Williams (1 ♀) (UCMS); Catden Swamp, 25-26 July 1996, D. L. Wagner & B. D. Williams (1 ♀) (UCMS); Sterling Junction Rt. 14/14A, larva 30 June 2007, D. L. Wagner, beaten from and reared on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lonicera merrowii" order="Dipsacales" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="merrowii">Lonicera merrowii</taxonomicName>
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, emerged 18 July 2007, DLW Lot 2007F90.1 (1 ♀) (UCMS). Maine: Oxford County, Magalloway Plantation, State Route 16, 3 km NNE New Hampshire stateline, larva 5 June 1995, C. T. Maier, beaten from
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies balsamea" order="Pinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="91" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamea">Abies balsamea</taxonomicName>
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(1 ♂) (CAES). Massachusetts: Franklin County, Montague Plain, 11 July 1991, D. L. Wagner, P. Z. Goldstein, & S. McKamey (1 ♂) (UCMS); Middlesex County, Concord, H.D. Thoreau's gravesite, 3-4 July 2009, D. L. Wagner (1 ♂) (UCMS). Michigan:
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="92" start="start">Cheboygan</pageBreakToken>
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Co., Pellston, Biological Douglas Lake, 7 July 2007, D. L. Wagner (1 ♂) (UCMS). New Jersey: Atlanta County, Egg Harbor Township, Absecon Creek, female 15 July 2002, D. F. Schweitzer, reared on dead oak leaves, emerged 13 Sept. 2002, DLW Lot 2002G117 (1 ♂) (UCMS); Atlantic County, Pomona, 6 July 1991, D. F. Schweitzer (1 ♂), gen. slide McCabe 2924 (TLM); Burlington County, Junction Route 563 & Wading River, 2 June 1999, D. L. Wagner, B. D. William, M. A. Volovski, & P. Mallard (1 ♂) (UCMS). New Hampshire: Coos County, Concord, 1 km NNE, North Concord, larva 4 June 1995, C. T. Maier, beaten from
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies balsamea" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamea">Abies balsamea</taxonomicName>
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, (1 ♂) (CAES); Pittsburg, Ildewide, west side of Second Connecticut Lake, larva 11 June 1996, C. T. Maier, beaten from
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies balsamea" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamea">Abies balsamea</taxonomicName>
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, JMF Lot 97-106 (1 ♂) (CAES). North Carolina: Haywood County, Cataloochee Campground, larva 10 June 2002, D. L. Wagner, beaten from
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hamamelis virginiana" order="Saxifragales" pageId="3" pageNumber="92" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Hamamelis virginiana</taxonomicName>
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, emerged 3 Aug. 2002, DLW Lot 2002E83 (1 ♀) (UCMS). New York: Albany Co., Pine Bush,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="42.7175">42°43.05' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.86933">73°52.16' W</geoCoordinate>
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, 100 m, 2 July - 6 Aug. 1987-1997, T. McCabe (7 ♂, 3 ♀) (NYSM, TLM); Clinton Co., Gadway Barrens,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="44.943165">44°56.59'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.75283">73°45.17'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 180 m, 2 Aug. 1997, T. McCabe (2 ♀) (TLM); Essex Co., Lake Stevens,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="44.376335">44°22.58'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.9025">73°54.15'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 1055 m, 6 June 1986, T. McCabe (1 ♂) (TLM); Franklin Co., Bloomingdale bog,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="44.406">44°24.36'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-74.12067">74°07.24'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 475 m, 2 Aug. 1997, T. McCabe (4 ♀), gen. slide McCabe 4188 & 4186 (NYSM, TLM); Hamilton Co., 6 mi. E. Indian L,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="43.75733">43°45.44' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-74.15867">74°09.52' W</geoCoordinate>
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, 555 m, 11
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<normalizedToken originalValue="July–">July-</normalizedToken>
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17 Aug. 1977-1980, T. McCabe (9 ♂,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="93" start="start">6</pageBreakToken>
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♀) (NYSM); Hamilton Co., 6 mi. E. Indian L,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="43.75733">43°45.44'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-74.15867">74°09.52'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 555 m, 13 July 1977, T. McCabe (1 ♀, 1 ♂), gen. slide McCabe 1279 (NYSM); Orange Co., Cedar Pond bog,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="44.943165">44°56.59'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-73.75283">73°45.17'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 180 m, 5 Aug. 2000, T. McCabe (1 ♂) (NYSM); Ulster Co., Lake Awosting,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="41.70717">41°42.43' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-74.27634">74°16.58' W</geoCoordinate>
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, 550 m, 6 Aug. 1906, T. McCabe (1 ♀, 3 ♂) (NYSM); Ulster Co., Minnewaska St. Pk.,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="41.70717">41°42.43'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="-74.27634">74°16.58'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 450 m, 6 Aug. 1906, T. McCabe (1 ♂) (NYSM).
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Québec">Quebec</normalizedToken>
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: Val-Limoges, 200 km north of Ottawa,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.663334">46°39.8'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-75.75166">75°45.1'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 14 July 2004, D. Handfield (2 ♀) (DH); La
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Présentation">Presentation</normalizedToken>
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, 30 km east of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Montréal">Montreal</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="45.68833">45°41.3'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-73.08833">73°05.3'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 30 June 2006, D. Handfield (2 ♂, 4 ♀) (DH); Sainte-Christine, 65 km east of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Montréal">Montreal</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="45.65">45°39.0' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-72.44666">72°26.8' W</geoCoordinate>
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, 3 July 2006, 20 July 2006, 28 July 2006, D. Handfield (2 ♂, 4 ♀) (DH); Villeroy, 175 km north-east of Montreal,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.378334">46°22.7' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-71.831665">71°49.9' W</geoCoordinate>
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, 7 July 2006, D. Handfield (2 ♂) (DH); Saint-Narcisse, 200 km north-east of Montreal,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.585">46°35.1' N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-73.19833">73°11.9' W</geoCoordinate>
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, 13 July 2006, D. Handfield (1 ♂, 2 ♀) (DH); Manseau, 150 km north-east of Montreal,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="92" value="46.305">46°18.3'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="92" value="-72.011665">72°00.7'W</geoCoordinate>
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, 24 July 2006, D. Handfield (3 ♂, 9 ♀) (DH). Vermont: Essex County, Victory, Victory State Forest, 2.5 km SW Granby, larva 10 June 1997, C. T. Maier, on
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies balsamea" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamea">Abies balsamea</taxonomicName>
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(1 ♀) (CAES); Windham Co., Marlboro, Banks Road, 489 m, larva 15 June 1994, C. Lemmon, on
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies balsamea" order="Pinales" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamea">Abies balsamea</taxonomicName>
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, Chris Maier Lot 94-89 (1 ♂, 1 ♀) (CAES).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">The species name derives from the toothed antemedial and medial lines on the forewing.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="diagnosis (habitus)">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Diagnosis (habitus).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
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Dark tooth-like spots along costa, marking beginning of antemedial and postmedial lines, distinguish Z. dentata from all but
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha lituralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituralis">Zanclognatha lituralis,</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha martha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martha">Zanclognatha martha</taxonomicName>
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, and some
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
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. The presence of a third (subapical) costal spot, (where the subterminal line meets the costa), usually present in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha lituralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituralis">Zanclognatha lituralis</taxonomicName>
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, is absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
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; the grayer ground color and uneven subterminal line also distinguish
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha lituralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituralis">Zanclognatha lituralis</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
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.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha martha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martha">Zanclognatha martha</taxonomicName>
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is distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
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by its darker ground color, weakened subterminal line, darkened distal
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
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of forewing, and its larger size. The discal spot of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
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tends to be larger, more vertically elongate, and the distal side is often more concave than that of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
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and others. The antemedial line of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
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is more toothed (zigzagged) than that of most other similarly-sized, brown North American
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zanclognatha</taxonomicName>
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(but see discussion). The postmedial line is often abruptly-angled outward over the radial veins in
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
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, whereas in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha martha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martha">Zanclognatha martha</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this part of the postmedial tends to be more evenly rounded. In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
the subterminal line is more likely to be outwardly edged with pale scales (in both wings) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
tends to have more tan in the ground color, thinner and crisper costal spots, and lacks the blurry patch of fuscous scales basad of the postmedial line, which extends from the inner margin to the cell, that is present in many
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In most specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
the ground color of the hindwings tends to be noticeably paler than that of the forewings, especially through the radial area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" type="diagnosis (genitalia)">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="93">Diagnosis (genitalia).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="94" pageId="4" pageNumber="93">
|
||
(Figs 5-7). Male genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
differ significantly from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha lituralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituralis">Zanclognatha lituralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
- most notably
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the upper process of the valve adorned with a small tooth, which is only half as long as the width of the costal lobe, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha lituralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituralis">Zanclognatha lituralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a large tooth that is as long as the costal lobe is wide.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha lituralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituralis">Zanclognatha lituralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="94" start="start">has</pageBreakToken>
|
||
a valve that resists spreading during genitalic preparation and becomes badly skewed if forced.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha martha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martha">Zanclognatha martha</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is larger. The spread valves of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha martha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martha">Zanclognatha martha</taxonomicName>
|
||
expand to 3.0 mm whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
expand to 2.7 mm.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
male genitalia appear indistinguishable from those of Z. protumnusalis to our eye. Female genitalia have similar internal spinules in the corpus bursa in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha lituralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lituralis">Zanclognatha lituralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha martha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martha">Zanclognatha martha</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but these extend farther on one side of the bursa in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In our dissections, length of the female genitalia in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
is ≥ 6 mm in total length, whereas those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
length measure circa 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="5" pageNumber="94" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="94">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="5" pageNumber="94">
|
||
Male. Forewing length: FWL 10.5-13 mm (n=30). Head - pale to deep brown with forward projecting tufts from vertex. Antenna with male androconial notch at 1/3. Labial palpus with third segment 1/2 length of second, with pale scales at apex; second segment with pale scales over mesal surface. Thorax - dorsum concolorous with head. Forewing subtriangular, pale to chocolate brown, and usually well marked. Antemedial line toothed or scalloped; discal spot usually well developed
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="95" start="start">sometimes</pageBreakToken>
|
||
with distal side concave; postmedial line toothed, thickened where it joins costa; often with diffuse medial patch of dark scales from inner margin to cell; subterminal line straight, sparsely edged outwardly with pale scales. Hindwing brown with weak discal spot and variously-developed postmedial and subterminal lines; the latter generally poorly differentiated to absent. If outwardly edged with pale scales, usually only over anal and cubital areas of wing. Underside of both wings usually with discal spot and well-expressed postmedial line. Procoxa elongate with yellow androconia. Profemur with (concealed) yellow hair pencil from distal end and fan of dark androconial scales from proximal end-both of which usually folded and covered by broad hood of chocolate colored scales from protibiae. Mesothoracic and metathoracic tibiae and tarsomeres lightened apically, appearing banded in dark individuals. Abdomen - Tan to brown with distal edge of each segment pale: abdomen appearing banded in well-marked individuals. Male genitalia (Figs 5, 6). Valves (Fig. 5) - Nearly symmetrical; uncus distally expanded compressed laterally, terminating in minute tooth; tegumen as long as valve; valve divided into two lobes for half its length; costal (upper) lobe with short mesal tooth halfway along length; costal lobe terminating in irregular apex crowned with setae, with apices of left and right valves differing in detail; lower lobe unadorned. Aedeagus (Fig. 6) - everted vesica covered with spinules; simple basal lobe; slightly curved mesal lobe; large distal lobe supports very small bulge without spicules. Female genitalia (Fig. 7) - Papillae anales unmodified, short; anterior and posterior apophyses subequal in length; distal half of ductus bursae lightly sclerotized, then heavily sclerotized and ribbed to beyond ductus seminalis; ductus seminalis short and twisted; caudal half of corpus bursae with relatively long, curved, internal spinules; spinules extend past middle of corpus bursae on side opposite ductus seminalis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="95" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="95">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Dark, boldly-marked individuals are commonly encountered southward. In some, the medial patch of dark scales extends across the wing. Adult phenotypes overlap with those of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the extent that we cannot reliably assign about 15% of light-trapped adults to one species or the other. No diagnostic genitalic characters are known for either sex. COI barcodes for those individuals that we could reliably identify were diagnostic (see below). The holotype was submitted to BOLD for COI barcoding (CNCLEP 81920) and its sequence will be submitted to GenBank. Larval features are also diagnostic (for both species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="95" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="95">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="95">
|
||
So far as known, Ontario to Nova Scotia southward through the Great Lake states and in the Appalachians to northern Georgia. One moth from a sandhills area in central South Carolina appears to represent
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but we excludethe moth from the type series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="6" pageNumber="95" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="95">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="6" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Adults have been taken at lights and sugar bait from a broad range of habitats that includes bogs, swamps, marshes, Atlantic white cedar swamps, swales, and other wetlands, mesic hardwood and Appalachian cove forests, a variety of boreal (conifer) forest types, and pitch pine/scrub oak barrens. The species is essentially univoltine throughout most of its range with a single mid-summer flight from the end of June through early August, with more than 80% of the adults from New Jersey northward taken in July. Records from early September in western North Carolina
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="96" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
|
||
northern Georgia by James Adams (pers. comm.) are indicative of a small second brood, as also occurs in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and others (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, DL" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey" pageId="9" pageNumber="98" title="Owlet Caterpillars of Eastern North America (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." year="2011">Wagner et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="97" pageId="7" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Chris Maier, Jeff Fengler, and Carol Lemmon, made numerous collections of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
during their survey of conifer-feeding caterpillars of the Northeastern United States (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Maier, CT" journalOrPublisher="USDA Forest Service, Morgantown, West Virginia" pageId="9" pageNumber="98" title="Caterpillars on the Foliage of Conifers in the Northeastern United States. USFS Technology Transfer Bulletin, FHTET- 02 - 06." year="2004">Maier et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nine of their larval collections were reared to the adult stage; larval images for four additional collections are assignable to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Their host records include:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Abies" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Abies balsamea" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="balsamea">Abies balsamea</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) Mill. (n=7),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Tsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Tsuga canadensis" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="canadensis">Tsuga canadensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.)
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Carrière">Carriere</normalizedToken>
|
||
(n=3), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mirb.) Franco. We have taken singleton larvae in beating sheet samples on three occasions: from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Hamamelidaceae" genus="Hamamelis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hamamelis virginiana" order="Saxifragales" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">Hamamelis virginiana</taxonomicName>
|
||
L.,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caprifoliaceae" genus="Lonicera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lonicera morrowii" order="Dipsacales" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="morrowii">Lonicera morrowii</taxonomicName>
|
||
A. Gray, and a third, unrecorded host. All of the above were taken in May and June as penultimate or final instars. Although
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zanclognatha</taxonomicName>
|
||
species are generally regarded to be litter dwellers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Crumb, SE" journalOrPublisher="USDA, Washington, DC" pageId="9" pageNumber="98" title="The Larvae of the Phalaenidae. Technical Bulletin 1135." year="1956">Crumb 1956</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hohn, FM" journalOrPublisher="Environmental Entomology" pageId="9" pageNumber="98" pagination="207 - 212" title="Larval substrates of herminiine noctuids (Lepidoptera), macrodecomposers of leaf litter." url="doi: 10.1603/0046-225X(2000)029[0207:LSOHNL]2.0.CO;2" volume="29" year="2000">Hohn and Wagner 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, DL" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey" pageId="9" pageNumber="98" title="Caterpillars of Eastern North America: A Guide to Identification and Natural History." year="2005">Wagner 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), at least three other members of the genus (in addition to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
) are known to feed above the ground:
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha theralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="theralis">Zanclognatha theralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Walker, 1859) in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Usnea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Usnea" order="Lecanorales" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Usnea</taxonomicName>
|
||
lichens (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sigal, LL" journalOrPublisher="The Bryologist" pageId="9" pageNumber="98" pagination="66 - 68" title="Of lichens and lepidopterons." url="doi: 10.2307/3242884" volume="87" year="1984">Sigal 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
in fir, spruce, pines, and other conifers (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Prentice, RM" journalOrPublisher="Forest Entomology and Pathology Branch Bulletin" pageId="9" pageNumber="98" pagination="77 - 281" title="Forest Lepidoptera of Canada Recorded by the Forest Insect Survey. Vol. 2, Nycteolidae, Notodontidae, Noctuidae, Liparidae." volume="128" year="1962">Prentice 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and reared specimens in the PMNH); and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha martha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martha">Zanclognatha martha</taxonomicName>
|
||
a hard pine associate (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wagner, DL" journalOrPublisher="Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey" pageId="9" pageNumber="98" title="Owlet Caterpillars of Eastern North America (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)." year="2011">Wagner et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). We also have taken
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha cruralis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cruralis">Zanclognatha cruralis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Guenée">Guenee</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1854) and related species on occasion while beating low woody and
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="97" start="start">herbaceous</pageBreakToken>
|
||
vegetation in forests, but mostly in the fall, before leaf fall, and not in the spring as has been the case with the four
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zanclognatha</taxonomicName>
|
||
listed above. Dale Schweitzer and DLW reared an ex ova cohort of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
through to maturity on a diet of dead oak leaves (DLW Lot 2002G117).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figures 1-4.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. 1 Holotype male, dorsal. CT: Tolland Co., Mansfield 2 Female, dorsal. CT: Windham Co., Hampton Reservoir 3 Holotype male, ventral 4 Variation. NJ: Atlantic Co., Egg Harbor Township (upper left); CT: Windham Co., Sterling (upper right); CT: Windham Co., Hampton Reservoir (lower left); MA: Franklin Co., Montague, Plains Road (lower right).
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figures 5-7.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
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||
sp. n. genitalia. 5 male, NY: Hamilton Co., Indian Lake, McCabe diss. no. 1279. 6 aedeagus, same data. 7 female, NY: Franklin Co., Bloomingdale bog, McCabe diss. no. 4188.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="97">
|
||
Figures 8-11. Last instar
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Zanclognatha</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 8
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: NC: Haywood Co., Great Smoky Mountain National Park, Catalochee Campground, DLW Lot 2002E83, larva and photo 10 June 2002. 9
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha dentata" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentata">Zanclognatha dentata</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.: NJ: Atlantic Co., Egg Harbor Township, Abescon Creek, female (mother) 15 July 2002; photo: 24 August 2002, DLW Lot 2002G117 10
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha martha" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martha">Zanclognatha martha</taxonomicName>
|
||
. NY: Clinton Co., Clintonville, Dry Bridge Road, N 44°28'14", W73°36'15", 660ft, larva 25 Jun e, 2008, on
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus rigida" order="Pinales" pageId="8" pageNumber="97" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">Pinus rigida</taxonomicName>
|
||
, DLW Lot 2008F200 11
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Erebidae" genus="Zanclognatha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Zanclognatha protumnusalis" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="protumnusalis">Zanclognatha protumnusalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. CT: New London Co., Griswold, Hopeville Pond State Park, female 10 August, 1997, image November 1997, Fred Hohn lot number F263.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |