treatments-xml/data/6A/0C/EC/6A0CEC19A140FF8FFF73FBB1A306FDC1.xml

<document id="C4B5A0FBBCAD1B8744D84E68EB1EB78D" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.177751" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ec02274d-eb98-4426-ae09-233189f971c8" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="177751" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459872699890" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Hall, Jason P. W. &amp; Lamas, Gerardo" docDate="2007" docId="6A0CEC19A140FF8FFF73FBB1A306FDC1" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01533p052.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1533" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Mesene margaretta subsp. anartia Hall &amp; Lamas, new subspecies" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="50" masterDocId="96359461A146FF86FFE4FFCEA742FFAE" masterDocTitle="Four new symmachiine taxa from the eastern Andes of Peru and Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)" masterLastPageNumber="52" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="47" updateTime="1698226799890" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="0F7B8C9E080B80ECBF546CEDE68B952B">Four new symmachiine taxa from the eastern Andes of Peru and Ecuador (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DB9F40FC2B19D04CA4EED7564FAA3E50">Hall, Jason P. W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="65544B23868924FD144DB5E135F60A0C">Lamas, Gerardo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="C00928BF0A50C4A82C9174627C4CF93E">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="6A0CEC19A140FF8FFF73FBB1A306FDC1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6246811" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119369817" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6246811" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A0CEC19A140FF8FFF73FBB1A306FDC1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A0CEC19A140FF8FFF73FBB1A306FDC1" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A140FF80FF73FBB1A636FB12" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA140FF80FF73FBB1A420FB37" blockId="6.[151,866,1151,1212]" box="[151,866,1151,1177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<heading id="B952EA63A140FF80FF73FBB1A420FB37" bold="true" box="[151,866,1151,1177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" reason="1">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA140FF80FF73FBB1A420FB37" bold="true" box="[151,866,1151,1177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA140FF80FF73FBB1A5D8FB37" authority="Hall &amp; Lamas" authorityName="Hall &amp; Lamas" box="[151,666,1151,1177]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaretta" status="subsp. nov." subSpecies="anartia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA140FF80FF73FBB1A69DFB37" bold="true" box="[151,479,1151,1177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Mesene margaretta anartia</emphasis>
Hall &amp; Lamas
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicNameLabel id="CBE23C66A140FF80FD43FBB1A420FB37" box="[679,866,1151,1177]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" rank="subSpecies">new subspecies</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA140FF80FF73FB6CA636FB12" blockId="6.[151,866,1151,1212]" box="[151,372,1186,1212]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">(Figs. 3A,B; 7; 11)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A140FF81FF73FB3CA513FC04" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="description">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA140FF80FF73FB3CA5CAF90B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1266,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA140FF80FF73FB3CA66AFAA2" bold="true" box="[151,296,1266,1292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Description</emphasis>
: Male: Forewing length 13.5 mm. Forewing slightly elongate, with straight costal margin and angular distal margin, four forewing radial veins; hindwing rather angular, with pointed apex and tornus. 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA140FF80FF73FA8DA604FAF2" box="[151,326,1347,1372]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
: Ground color of both wings dark brown, basal half of forewing reddish orange, broad creamcolored submarginal rays in each of cells Cu2 to R4+5, rays in cells Cu2 and Cu1 continuous with basal reddishorange area, remaining rays isolated, rays separated from each other by a dark brown venal stripe, with broadest dark brown venal stripe on either side of ray in cell M3; basal three-quarters of hindwing reddish orange, with costal half darker red than anal half, short and broad pale yellow rays extend distally from basal reddishorange area in each of cells 2A to M3, ray in cell 2A narrow, remaining rays broad; fringe on both wings entirely dark brown. 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA140FF80FE68F9F5A57CF9FA" box="[396,574,1595,1620]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Ventral surface</emphasis>
: Differs from dorsal surface by having slightly paler reddish-orange scaling on both wings, with hindwing basal area of a uniform shade, forewing rays a more dirty whitish color, and hindwing rays slightly broader and longer.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA140FF80FF22F97DA43DF8B3" blockId="6.[151,1437,1266,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA140FF80FF22F97DA644F962" box="[198,262,1715,1740]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Head</emphasis>
: Labial palpi short and yellow; eyes black and bare, lateral scaling yellow; frons entirely pale yellow; antennae approximately 60% of forewing length, antennal segments entirely brown with a narrow and discontinuous nudum section lateroventrally, clubs dark brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA140FF80FF22F8E5A23DF83B" blockId="6.[151,1437,1266,2021]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA140FF80FF22F8E5A640F8EA" box="[198,258,1835,1860]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Body</emphasis>
: Dorsal surface of thorax and abdomen orange, ventral surface yellow; a broad and continuous band of concealed androconial scales present dorsally across posterior margin of abdominal tergites four, five, six and seven; forelegs entirely pale yellow, mid- and hindlegs a mixture of pale brown and pale yellow scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA140FF81FF22F86DA45EFED4" blockId="6.[151,1437,1266,2021]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1437,152,1982]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA140FF80FF22F86DA677F812" box="[198,309,1955,1980]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="7A9E418AA140FF80FEA3F86DA6D2F813" box="[327,400,1955,1981]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[191,1420,398,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[182,1431,395,1491]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. Symmachiini male genitalia in lateral view. 5. Mesene leucogyna leucogyna, holotype %, Qbda. Siete Jeringas, Junín, C. Peru (MUSM). 6. Mesene leucogyna notia, holotype %, San Pedro, Cuzco, S. Peru (USNM). 7. Mesene margaretta anartia, paratype %, Pakitza, Madre de Dios, S. Peru (MUSM). 8. Symmachia pena, holotype %, Qbda. Siete Jeringas, Junín, C. Peru (MUSM). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177752/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
): Uncus rectangular in lateral view, falces with a rounded “elbow”, tegumen typical of tribe; vinculum narrow and sinuous, formed into a large, broad saccus ventrally; valvae vertically elongate in lateral view, with a broad anterodorsal section extending dorsally over aedeagus and a long, triangular, posterior section extending slightly upwards; aedeagus short, very broad and slightly downturned anteriorly, everted vesica very short and broad, with three large, oval-shaped, anteriorly directed patches of large spinelike cornuti, one patch positioned dorsally and other two positioned lateroventrally (patch on right not visible in 
<figureCitation id="7A9E418AA141FF81FF52FEF6A7BCFEFC" box="[182,254,312,338]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="2.[151,270,1515,1539]" captionTargetBox="[191,1420,398,1485]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[182,1431,395,1491]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. Symmachiini male genitalia in lateral view. 5. Mesene leucogyna leucogyna, holotype %, Qbda. Siete Jeringas, Junín, C. Peru (MUSM). 6. Mesene leucogyna notia, holotype %, San Pedro, Cuzco, S. Peru (USNM). 7. Mesene margaretta anartia, paratype %, Pakitza, Madre de Dios, S. Peru (MUSM). 8. Symmachia pena, holotype %, Qbda. Siete Jeringas, Junín, C. Peru (MUSM). Scale bar = 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/177752/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
), and an additional patch of smaller and more sparsely distributed spines between larger patches on left side of vesica; pedicel short, narrow and strap-like.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA141FF81FF22FE46A563FDB4" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Female: Differs from male as follows: Forewing length 14.5 mm. Both wings slightly more elongate and rounded. Ground color of both wings slightly paler brown; basal areas on both wings consistently more reddish and slightly reduced in size, especially on hindwing, increasing length of contiguous distal rays, rays on both wings more whitish in color.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA141FF81FF22FDE6A472FDEC" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1982]" box="[198,816,552,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FF22FDE6A644FDEF" box="[198,262,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Head</emphasis>
: Palpi, frons and scaling at eye margins cream.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA141FF81FF22FD9EA4F5FD3C" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FF22FD9EA64EFDC7" box="[198,268,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Body:</emphasis>
Ventral surface of thorax and abdomen cream; no abdominal androconia present; forelegs entirely cream, mid- and hindlegs a mixture of cream and pale brown scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA141FF81FF22FD6EA513FC04" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FF22FD6EA677FD17" box="[198,309,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Genitalia</emphasis>
(Fig. 11): Corpus bursae elongate, with a pair of invaginated spine-like signa, one signum nearly half size of other and slightly displaced posteriorly and laterally towards other signum; posterior portion of otherwise membranous ductus bursae hardened, U-shaped, and covered with evenly spaced creases, with a darkened and heavily sclerotized dorsal protrusion across entire width of posterior section, membranous ductus seminalis exits this sclerotized protrusion dorsally on extreme right side; after a broad membranous area of ductus bursae, ostium bursae forms a broad, semicircular, sclerotized band dorsally, and a narrow, horizontal, sclerotized band ventrally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A141FF81FF22FC79A441FB6C" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
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<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FF22FC79A63BFC7F" bold="true" box="[198,377,951,977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA141FF81FF22FC79A641FC7F" box="[198,259,951,977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
: 
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA141FF81FE68FC76A6BBFC7C" box="[396,505,952,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
ɗ, 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA141FF81FDCEFC76A53BFC7C" box="[554,633,952,978]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">PERU</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FD6CFC76A58BFC7F" box="[648,713,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Junín</emphasis>
, Aldea, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="87913BC8A141FF81FC2BFC76A36DFC7C" box="[975,1071,952,978]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="-10.9">10°54’S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="87913BC8A141FF81FBDEFC76A3E4FC7C" box="[1082,1190,952,978]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="-74.916664">74°55’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<date id="961B7BCFA141FF81FB52FC76A215FC7C" box="[1206,1367,952,978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" value="2003-08-24">24 Aug 2003</date>
(J. J. Ramírez) (
<collectionCode id="84B4C5CAA141FF81FEF7FC2EA631FC54" box="[275,371,992,1018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">MUSM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA141FF81FF22FBC6A441FB6C" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA141FF81FF22FBC6A67FFB8C" box="[198,317,1032,1058]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA141FF81FEADFBC6A6DBFB8C" box="[329,409,1032,1058]" name="Peru" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">PERU</collectingCountry>
: 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FE41FBC6A6A4FB8F" box="[421,486,1032,1057]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Junín</emphasis>
, 1ɗ: La Merced, [c. 
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<geoCoordinate id="87913BC8A141FF81FCAEFBC6A4F7FB8C" box="[842,949,1032,1058]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="-75.316666">75°19’W</geoCoordinate>
, 
<quantity id="255DF0EAA141FF81FC27FBC6A350FB8C" box="[963,1042,1032,1058]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
] (Natural History Museum, London, 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA141FF81FF32FBFEA67AFBE4" box="[214,312,1072,1098]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">England</collectingCountry>
[
<collectionCode id="84B4C5CAA141FF81FEAEFBFEA6EEFBE4" box="[330,428,1072,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">BMNH</collectionCode>
]). 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FE28FBFEA557FBE7" box="[460,533,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Cuzco</emphasis>
, 1Ψ: Pilcopata, [c. 
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<geoCoordinate id="87913BC8A141FF81FC90FBFEA4A7FBE4" box="[884,997,1072,1098]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="-71.4">71°24’W</geoCoordinate>
], 
<quantity id="255DF0EAA141FF81FC19FBFEA30DFBE4" box="[1021,1103,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="750.0">750 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="961B7BCFA141FF81FBBBFBFEA248FBE4" box="[1119,1290,1072,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" value="1975-02-06" valueMax="1975-02-08" valueMin="1975-02-06">6–8 Feb 1975</date>
(G. Lamas) (
<collectionCode id="84B4C5CAA141FF81FF7BFB96A7BDFBDC" box="[159,255,1112,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">MUSM</collectionCode>
). 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FEFCFB96A692FBDF" box="[280,464,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Madre de Dios</emphasis>
, 1ɗ: 
<quantity id="255DF0EAA141FF81FDFFFB96A52CFBDC" box="[539,622,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" unit="km" value="20.0">20 km</quantity>
. S.W. of Puerto Maldonado, 
<quantity id="255DF0EAA141FF81FC3DFB96A36EFBDC" box="[985,1068,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="300.0">300 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="961B7BCFA141FF81FBD8FB96A395FBDC" box="[1084,1239,1112,1138]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" value="1983-10-25">25 Oct 1983</date>
(S. S. Nicolay) (
<collectionCode id="84B4C5CAA141FF81FF7BFB4EA7B8FB34" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[159,250,1152,1178]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">USNM</collectionCode>
); Parque Nacional Manu, Pakitza, 
<quantity id="255DF0EAA141FF81FD48FB4EA478FB34" box="[684,826,1152,1178]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="375.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="350.0">350–400 m</quantity>
, 
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<geoCoordinate id="87913BC8A141FF81FC53FB4EA361FB34" box="[951,1059,1152,1178]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" precision="925" value="-70.96667">70°58’W</geoCoordinate>
, 1ɗ: 
<date id="961B7BCFA141FF81FB88FB4EA24AFB34" box="[1132,1288,1152,1178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" value="1990-10-15">15 Oct 1990</date>
(G. Lamas) (
<collectionCode id="84B4C5CAA141FF81FF7BFB66A7BDFB6C" box="[159,255,1192,1218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">MUSM</collectionCode>
), 1Ψ: 
<date id="961B7BCFA141FF81FEA0FB66A69CFB6C" box="[324,478,1192,1218]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" value="1988-09-18">18 Sept 1988</date>
(M. G. Pogue) (
<collectionCode id="84B4C5CAA141FF81FD7FFB66A5B4FB6C" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[667,758,1192,1218]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">USNM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A141FF81FF22FB01A59CFABC" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA141FF81FF22FB01A59CFABC" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FF22FB01A60FFB47" bold="true" box="[198,333,1231,1257]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Etymology</emphasis>
: This taxon is named after the Greek word for “uneven”, in reference to the characteristic uneven spacing of the distal rays on the forewing.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A141FF81FF22FAD1A25AF814" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA141FF81FF22FAD1A505F964" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FF22FAD1A67DFA97" bold="true" box="[198,319,1311,1337]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Based on the shared possession of elongate wings and darker orange to red scaling across the costal half of the dorsal hindwing in males, this new taxon can be placed in a group with 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA141FF81FB5DFA86A679FA24" authority="White, 1843" authorityName="White" authorityYear="1843" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FB5DFA86A2DEFACF" box="[1209,1436,1352,1377]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Mesene margaretta</emphasis>
(White, 1843)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA141FF81FE91FABEA598FA24" authority="Herrich-Schaffer" authorityName="Herrich-Schaffer" box="[373,730,1392,1418]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nola">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FE91FABEA548FA27" box="[373,522,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Mesene nola</emphasis>
Herrich-Schäffer
</taxonomicName>
, [1853]. The new taxon and 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA141FF81FBCFFABEA396FA27" box="[1067,1236,1392,1417]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FBCFFABEA396FA27" box="[1067,1236,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be placed as each others closest relatives, and distinguished from 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA141FF81FCE7FA56A41DFA1F" box="[771,863,1432,1457]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nola">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FCE7FA56A41DFA1F" box="[771,863,1432,1457]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">M. nola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by having essentially identical male and female genitalia, concealed androconial scales on abdominal tergites four, five, six and seven (a unique character within 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA141FF81FF0CFA26A600F9AF" box="[232,322,1512,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FF0CFA26A600F9AF" box="[232,322,1512,1537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Mesene</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), entirely dark brown antennae without any basal whitish scaling on each segment, and entirely yellow palpi without any brown ventral scaling. Despite their considerable differences in outward appearance, because these two taxa have parapatric or allopatric geographic ranges and identical morphology, 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FACDF9F6A23DF9FF" box="[1321,1407,1592,1617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">anartia</emphasis>
is conservatively described here as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA141FF81FD33F9AEA4C2F9D7" box="[727,896,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FD33F9AEA4C2F9D7" box="[727,896,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. However, if 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FBC0F9AEA338F9D7" box="[1060,1146,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">anartia</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA141FF81FB50F9AEA274F9D7" box="[1204,1334,1632,1657]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FB50F9AEA274F9D7" box="[1204,1334,1632,1657]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are ever found to have slightly overlapping or strictly parapatric ranges, without any sign of intergradation, then 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FABFF946A7F4F967" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">anartia</emphasis>
should be raised to species status.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA141FF81FF22F916A25AF814" blockId="7.[151,1437,152,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA141FF81FF22F916A547F95F" box="[198,517,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaretta" subSpecies="anartia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FF22F916A547F95F" box="[198,517,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Mesene margaretta anartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from nominotypical 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA141FF81FCABF916A4BAF95F" box="[847,1016,1752,1777]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA141FF81FCABF916A4BAF95F" box="[847,1016,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an entirely cream ventral surface to the abdomen, without black stripes across the distal margin of each segment, reduced reddish orange on the forewing and often to a lesser extent on the hindwing, typically a broader area of whitish scaling overlying the rays on the dorsal hindwing, and forewing whitish rays that are broader, more indistinctly defined, confined to the postdiscal area instead of extending to the distal wing margin, and unevenly spaced, with the rays in cells M2 and M 
<quantity id="255DF0EAA141FF81FDE2F87EA56EF814" box="[518,556,1952,1982]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
males and M2 to R4+ 
<quantity id="255DF0EAA141FF81FCF9F87EA402F814" box="[797,832,1952,1982]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.27" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" unit="in" value="5.0">5 in</quantity>
females coalesced to form a larger spot.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A14EFF8FFF73F9E7A351FEFC" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="description">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA14EFF8EFF73F9E7A532F9CA" blockId="8.[151,1436,1575,1636]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFF73F9E7A660F9EF" bold="true" box="[151,290,1577,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 11</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14EFF8EFED1F9E7A681F9EE" box="[309,451,1577,1600]" class="Insecta" family="Riodinidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Symmachiini">Symmachiini</taxonomicName>
female genitalia in dorsal view. 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFCDFF9E7A411F9EF" bold="true" box="[827,851,1577,1601]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">11</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14EFF8EFC82F9E4A3D1F9EF" box="[870,1171,1578,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaretta" subSpecies="anartia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFC82F9E4A3D1F9EF" box="[870,1171,1578,1601]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Mesene margaretta anartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA14EFF8EFB41F9E7A243F9EE" box="[1189,1281,1577,1600]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
Ψ, Pilcopata, Cuzco, S. 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14EFF8EFEE1F983A674F9CA" box="[261,310,1613,1636]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Peru</collectingCountry>
(MUSM). Scale bar = 
<quantity id="255DF0EAA14EFF8EFDC8F983A52EF9CA" box="[556,620,1613,1636]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA14EFF8FFF22F90EA351FEFC" blockId="8.[151,1437,1728,2034]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1436,152,623]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
With the description of this distinctive new subspecies, we now recognize two subspecies for 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14EFF8EFAFBF90EA78EF8AF" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFAFBF90EA78EF8AF" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The name 
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFEBFF926A6A5F8AF" box="[347,487,1768,1793]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">semiradiata</emphasis>
was proposed by C. &amp; R. Felder (
<date id="961B7BCFA14EFF8EFC65F926A4A9F8AC" box="[897,1003,1768,1794]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="1865" valueMax="1874">1865–74</date>
) as a full species for typical Colombian specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14EFF8EFE91F8DEA55DF887" box="[373,543,1808,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFE91F8DEA55DF887" box="[373,543,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It was treated by 
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA14EFF8EFD1BF8DEA493F884" author="Stichel" box="[767,977,1808,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Stichel, H. F. E. J. (1910 - 11) Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Fam. Riodinidae. In: P. Wytsman (ed.), Genera Insectorum, 112, 1 - 452. P. Wytsman, Brussels." type="journal article" year="1910">
Stichel (
<date id="961B7BCFA14EFF8EFC85F8DEA48BF884" box="[865,969,1808,1834]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" value="1910" valueMax="1911">1910–11</date>
)
</bibRefCitation>
as a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14EFF8EFB53F8DEA223F887" box="[1207,1377,1808,1833]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFB53F8DEA223F887" box="[1207,1377,1808,1833]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and finally synonymized by 
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA14EFF8EFE56F8F6A5B4F8FC" author="Callaghan" box="[434,758,1848,1874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Callaghan C. J. &amp; Lamas G. (2004) Riodinidae, pp. 141 - 170. In: G. Lamas (ed.), Checklist: Part 4 A. Hesperioidea - Papilionoidea. In: J. B. Heppner (ed.), Atlas of Neotropical Lepidoptera. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL." type="book chapter" year="2004">Callaghan &amp; Lamas (2004)</bibRefCitation>
. The name 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14EFF8EFC98F8F6A484F8FF" box="[892,966,1848,1873]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oriens">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFC98F8F6A484F8FF" box="[892,966,1848,1873]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">oriens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was proposed by 
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA14EFF8EFB7DF8F6A275F8FC" author="Butler" box="[1177,1335,1848,1874]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Butler, A. G. (1870) Descriptions of exotic Lepidoptera from the collection of Herbert Druce, Esq. Cistula Entomologica, 1 (2), 17 - 32." type="journal article" year="1870">Butler (1870)</bibRefCitation>
as a full species for northern Venezuelan specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14EFF8EFD5EF8AEA420F8D7" box="[698,866,1888,1913]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFD5EF8AEA420F8D7" box="[698,866,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with no whitish rays showing on the dorsal surface. It was downgraded to a subspecies of 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14EFF8EFD72F846A47DF80F" box="[662,831,1928,1953]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFD72F846A47DF80F" box="[662,831,1928,1953]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in 
<bibRefCitation id="863420FEA14EFF8EFC81F846A32EF80C" author="Hall" box="[869,1132,1928,1954]" pageId="8" pageNumber="52" refString="Hall, J. P. W. &amp; Harvey, D. J. (2002) A survey of androconial organs in the Riodinidae (Lepidoptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 136, 171 - 197." type="journal article" year="2002">Hall &amp; Harvey (2002)</bibRefCitation>
, and is here synonymized with 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14EFF8EFF3DF87EA558F867" box="[217,538,1968,1993]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaretta" subSpecies="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFF3DF87EA558F867" box="[217,538,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">M. margaretta margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14EFF8EFDD5F861A5CAF867" bold="true" box="[561,648,1967,1993]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">n. syn.</emphasis>
) for several reasons. Similar entirely orange phenotypes recur throughout the range of this taxon, for example also in southern 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14EFF8EFC7EF816A4B1F85C" box="[922,1011,2008,2034]" name="Mexico" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Mexico</collectingCountry>
and eastern 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14EFF8EFB6FF816A240F85C" box="[1163,1282,2008,2034]" name="Colombia" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, some specimens exhibit intermediate wing patterns, and the male genitalia of specimens exhibiting each of these wing pattern phenotypes do not differ. Given the fact that the entirely orange phenotype repeatedly occurs only in small geographic pockets throughout the range of 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14FFF8FFD03FF26A316FEAF" box="[743,1108,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaretta" subSpecies="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14FFF8FFD03FF26A316FEAF" box="[743,1108,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Mesene margaretta margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, intermediates are rare, and the two phenotypes present different mimetic wing patterns, it seems likely that the entirely orange phenotype represents a localized geographic form restricted to a particular habitat 
<typeStatus id="3D1EE3ADA14FFF8FFC3DFEF6A34DFEFC" box="[985,1039,312,338]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A14FFF8FFF22FE91A382FE08" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA14FFF8FFF22FE91A382FE08" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14FFF8FFF22FE91A66FFED2" bold="true" box="[198,301,351,380]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Biology</emphasis>
: Nothing is known about the biology of this rare taxon, except that it inhabits wet lowland and premontane forest along the base of the eastern Andes from 
<quantity id="255DF0EAA14FFF8FFBEBFE44A3FEFE08" box="[1039,1212,394,422]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="525.0" valueMax="750.0" valueMin="300.0">
300 to 
<specimenCount id="F4A39686A14FFF8FFB83FE44A3FEFE08" box="[1127,1212,394,422]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="generic">750 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="AABF0E84A14FFF8FFF22FE7BA306FDC1" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E21A5D0FA14FFF8FFF22FE7BA306FDC1" blockId="9.[151,1436,152,623]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14FFF8FFF22FE7BA61DFE61" bold="true" box="[198,351,437,463]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Distribution</emphasis>
: 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14FFF8FFE96FE7BA5FAFE60" box="[370,696,437,462]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="margaretta" subSpecies="anartia">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14FFF8FFE96FE7BA5FAFE60" box="[370,696,437,462]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Mesene margaretta anartia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is currently known to range from central (Junín) to southern (Madre de Dios) 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14FFF8FFE84FE13A6DBFE59" box="[352,409,477,503]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Peru</collectingCountry>
, along the base of the eastern Andes. However, its distribution almost certainly extends southwards into 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14FFF8FFEBDFDCBA6F0FDB1" box="[345,434,517,543]" name="Bolivia" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
, and may extend slightly further northwards. Nominotypical 
<taxonomicName id="25A5268CA14FFF8FFB64FDCBA268FDB0" box="[1152,1322,517,542]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Mesene" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="margaretta">
<emphasis id="D0D1811DA14FFF8FFB64FDCBA268FDB0" box="[1152,1322,517,542]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">M. margaretta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known to range from 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14FFF8FFEA7FDE3A6DFFDE9" box="[323,413,557,583]" name="Mexico" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Mexico</collectingCountry>
to western 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14FFF8FFDCFFDE3A5CFFDE9" box="[555,653,557,583]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and from northern 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14FFF8FFC9CFDE3A4B2FDE9" box="[888,1008,557,583]" name="Venezuela" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
to northeastern 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14FFF8FFB50FDE3A25AFDE9" box="[1204,1304,557,583]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. It remains unclear which of the two taxa will occur in southern 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14FFF8FFCE5FD9BA421FDC1" box="[769,867,597,623]" name="Ecuador" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
and northern 
<collectingCountry id="9AB21D9FA14FFF8FFBE2FD9BA302FDC1" box="[1030,1088,597,623]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>