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<mods:title id="73074D6F2BD9DA084BD70F1963B36DEB">Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="56399F0E3C5B1F486A25AEE8FA33DBF7">National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Hantana Road, Kandy, Sri Lanka.</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="686687F0A70AD6677B6F6A5EDB6241B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6517918" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195191965" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6517918" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:686687F0A70AD6677B6F6A5EDB6241B4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/686687F0A70AD6677B6F6A5EDB6241B4" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<subSubSection id="A8D5656DA70AD6667B6F6A5EDCE447BF" box="[607,980,1394,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70AD6667B6F6A5EDCE447BF" blockId="6.[607,980,1394,1421]" box="[607,980,1394,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="BB38818AA70AD6667B6F6A5EDCE447BF" box="[607,980,1394,1421]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70AD6667B826A5FDCE447BF" ID-CoL="3HVC" ID-ENA="243470" authority="Thorell, 1891" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[690,980,1394,1421]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70AD6667B826A5FDC1E47BF" bold="true" box="[690,814,1394,1421]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Carrhotus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70AD6667A046A5FDCE447BF" author="Thorell T." box="[820,980,1394,1421]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" pagination="11 - 49" refId="ref14072" refString="Thorell T. 1891. Spindlar fran Nikobarerna och andra delar af sodra Asien. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps- Akademiens Handlingar 24 (2): 11 - 49. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 34324437 [accessed 25 Mar. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1891">Thorell, 1891</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8D5656DA70AD666798D6A99DD6847CE" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70AD666798D6A99DE6847FC" blockId="6.[189,344,1460,1486]" box="[189,344,1460,1486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="BB38818AA70AD666798D6A99DE6847FC" bold="true" box="[189,344,1460,1486]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70AD666798D6A99DE6847FC" bold="true" box="[189,344,1460,1486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<typeStatus id="3F748844A70AD666798D6A99DFCA47FC" box="[189,250,1460,1486]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70AD666798D6ACFDD6847CE" blockId="6.[189,600,1506,1533]" box="[189,600,1506,1533]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70AD666798D6ACFDD6447CE" authority="C. L. Koch, 1846" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1846" box="[189,596,1506,1533]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Plexippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viduus">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70AD666798D6ACFDEB547CE" box="[189,389,1506,1532]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Plexippus viduus</emphasis>
C.L.
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70AD66678F76ACFDD6447CE" author="Koch C. L." box="[455,596,1506,1532]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" pagination="4674 - 80" refId="ref13371" refString="Koch C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden: Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Vol. 13: 1 - 234, 4334 - 68 (f. 1078 - 1271); Vol. 14: 1 - 88, 4674 - 80, (f. 1272 - 1342). J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744 [For the correct year of publication see Brignoli 1985]" type="journal article" year="1846">Koch, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8D5656DA70AD666798D6909DA5D4572" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70AD666798D6909DE06440C" blockId="6.[189,310,1572,1598]" box="[189,310,1572,1598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="BB38818AA70AD666798D6909DE06440C" bold="true" box="[189,310,1572,1598]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70AD666798D6909DE06440C" bold="true" box="[189,310,1572,1598]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70AD666798D697FDA5D4572" blockId="6.[188,1400,1618,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70AD666798D697FDE05445E" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1891" box="[189,309,1618,1644]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70AD666798D697FDE05445E" box="[189,309,1618,1644]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Carrhotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily distinguished from other salticid genera by the combination of the following characteristics: RTA stout, tegulum with at least a retrolateral and/or proximal lobe, embolus broadbased, tip mostly stout (
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD66678DA69B4DD5C4481" box="[490,620,1689,1715]" captionStart="Fig 6" captionStartId="12.[189,230,1807,1833]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,269,1754]" captionTargetId="figure-11@12.[189,1398,269,1754]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Fig 6. Carrhotus atratus sp. nov. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus.C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Epigynum. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518321" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518321/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Figs 6E–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667B4D69B4DDF54481" box="[637,709,1689,1715]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="13.[189,230,1829,1855]" captionTargetBox="[207,1392,281,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[189,1398,266,1776]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig 7. Carrhotus atratus sp. nov. A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Epigynum ventral view. D. Vulva dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518323/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">7A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667BE769B4DC2F4481" box="[727,799,1689,1715]" captionStart="Fig 8" captionStartId="15.[189,230,1913,1939]" captionTargetBox="[287,1301,265,1861]" captionTargetId="figure-14@15.[287,1301,265,1861]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Fig 8. Carrhotus lobatus sp. nov. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Palp, C. Ventral view. D. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 2 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518325/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">8C–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667A0169B4DC4A4481" box="[817,890,1689,1715]" captionStart="Fig 9" captionStartId="16.[189,230,1913,1939]" captionTargetBox="[216,1331,819,1856]" captionTargetId="figure-188@16.[204,1383,799,1873]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Fig 9. Carrhotus lobatus sp. nov., palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518329/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">9A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667ABB69B4DCD04481" box="[907,992,1689,1715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="18.[189,232,1852,1878]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,553,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-94@18.[189,1398,553,1811]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Fig. 11. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Palp. E–F. Ventral view; the arrows showing the embolus tip directed in clockwise (11E) or directed in apical (11F). G–H. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–H = 0.2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518333" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518333/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">11E–H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667AC169B4DB794481" box="[1009,1097,1689,1715]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[189,230,1882,1908]" captionTargetBox="[209,1386,532,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-61@20.[189,1398,515,1837]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020.A–B. Palp.A. Ventral view.B. Retrolateral view.C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518342/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">12A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667D6A69B4DB994481" box="[1114,1193,1689,1715]" captionStart="Fig 13" captionStartId="22.[189,230,1850,1876]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,556,1806]" captionTargetId="figure-92@22.[189,1398,556,1806]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Fig 13. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518344" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518344/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">13E–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667D8A69B4DA224481" box="[1210,1298,1689,1715]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="23.[189,230,1848,1874]" captionTargetBox="[243,1346,273,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-14@23.[237,1351,265,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 14. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518346/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">14A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667C1369B4DA424486" box="[1315,1394,1689,1716]" captionStart="Fig 15" captionStartId="26.[189,230,1847,1873]" captionTargetBox="[189,1398,506,1804]" captionTargetId="figure-98@26.[189,1398,506,1804]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig 15. Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846). A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518348" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518348/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">15E–F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD666798D6991DE2344E5" box="[189,275,1724,1751]" captionStart="Fig 16" captionStartId="27.[189,230,1879,1905]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,275,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-14@27.[233,1355,265,1842]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig 16. Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846). A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Epigynum.C. Ventral view.D. Dorsal view.Abbreviations:AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; ML = mid line; PEB = posterior epigynal border; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518350/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">16A–B</figureCitation>
) (C.L.
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70AD666785A6991DEDF44E4" author="Koch C. L." box="[362,495,1724,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" pagination="4674 - 80" refId="ref13371" refString="Koch C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden: Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Vol. 13: 1 - 234, 4334 - 68 (f. 1078 - 1271); Vol. 14: 1 - 88, 4674 - 80, (f. 1272 - 1342). J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744 [For the correct year of publication see Brignoli 1985]" type="journal article" year="1846">Koch 1846</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70AD66678CC6991DDBF44E4" author="Simon E." box="[508,655,1724,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" pagination="389 - 421" refId="ref13873" refString="Simon E. 1902. Etudes arachnologiques. 32 e Memoire. LI. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de la famille des Salticidae (suite). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 71: 389 - 421. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8251793 [accessed 25 Mar. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1902">Simon 1902</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70AD6667BAC6991DC5344E4" author="Jastrzebski P." box="[668,867,1724,1750]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref13287" refString="Jastrzebski P. 1999. Salticidae from the Himalaya: the genus Carrhotus Thorell 1891 (Araneae, Salticidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 9: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1999">Jastrzebski 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70AD6667A406991DB5B44E5" author="Caleb J. T. D. &amp; Bera C. &amp; Acharya S." box="[880,1131,1724,1751]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" pagination="51 - 66" refId="ref12978" refString="Caleb J. T. D., Bera C. &amp; Acharya S. 2020. New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 29.1.04" type="journal article" year="2020">
Caleb
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70AD6667A8D6990DCC044E4" box="[957,1008,1724,1750]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. 2020: 58
</bibRefCitation>
, Figs 33–56). Females can be distinguished by the distinctive accessory glands on the external spermathecal walls and well sclerotized FD (
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667846682FDEC9452F" box="[374,505,1794,1821]" captionStart="Fig 4" captionStartId="9.[189,230,1906,1932]" captionTargetBox="[215,1392,1354,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-15@9.[189,1398,1334,1866]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Fig 4. Carrhotus albosetosus sp. nov. A. Epigynum, ventral view. B. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518315/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Figs 4A–B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667B33682EDD7C452F" box="[515,588,1795,1821]" captionStart="Fig 7" captionStartId="13.[189,230,1829,1855]" captionTargetBox="[207,1392,281,1766]" captionTargetId="figure-15@13.[189,1398,266,1776]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Fig 7. Carrhotus atratus sp. nov. A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Epigynum ventral view. D. Vulva dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518323/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">7C–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667B66682EDC20452F" box="[598,784,1795,1821]" captionStart="Fig 12" captionStartId="20.[189,230,1882,1908]" captionTargetBox="[209,1386,532,1814]" captionTargetId="figure-61@20.[189,1398,515,1837]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Fig 12. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020.A–B. Palp.A. Ventral view.B. Retrolateral view.C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518342" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518342/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">12C–D, 12C–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667A2A682EDC42452F" box="[794,882,1795,1821]" captionStart="Fig 14" captionStartId="23.[189,230,1848,1874]" captionTargetBox="[243,1346,273,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-14@23.[237,1351,265,1808]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Fig 14. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518346" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518346/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">14C–D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="78F42A63A70AD6667A4D682FDCE6452F" box="[893,982,1794,1821]" captionStart="Fig 16" captionStartId="27.[189,230,1879,1905]" captionTargetBox="[239,1355,275,1823]" captionTargetId="figure-14@27.[233,1355,265,1842]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Fig 16. Carrhotus viduus (C.L. Koch, 1846). A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Epigynum.C. Ventral view.D. Dorsal view.Abbreviations:AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; ML = mid line; PEB = posterior epigynal border; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6518350" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6518350/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">16C–D</figureCitation>
). Spermatheca one chambered, oval to kidney-shaped (C.L.
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70AD66678E1680BDD66450D" author="Koch C. L." box="[465,598,1829,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" pagination="4674 - 80" refId="ref13371" refString="Koch C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden: Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Vol. 13: 1 - 234, 4334 - 68 (f. 1078 - 1271); Vol. 14: 1 - 88, 4674 - 80, (f. 1272 - 1342). J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744 [For the correct year of publication see Brignoli 1985]" type="journal article" year="1846">Koch 1846</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70AD6667B52680BDDC44572" author="Simon E." box="[610,756,1830,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" pagination="389 - 421" refId="ref13873" refString="Simon E. 1902. Etudes arachnologiques. 32 e Memoire. LI. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de la famille des Salticidae (suite). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 71: 389 - 421. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8251793 [accessed 25 Mar. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1902">Simon 1902</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70AD6667A31680BDCF74572" author="Jastrzebski P." box="[769,967,1830,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref13287" refString="Jastrzebski P. 1999. Salticidae from the Himalaya: the genus Carrhotus Thorell 1891 (Araneae, Salticidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 9: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1999">Jastrzebski 1999</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70AD6667AE3680BDBFC4572" author="Caleb J. T. D. &amp; Bera C. &amp; Acharya S." box="[979,1228,1829,1856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" pagination="51 - 66" refId="ref12978" refString="Caleb J. T. D., Bera C. &amp; Acharya S. 2020. New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 29.1.04" type="journal article" year="2020">
Caleb
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70AD6667D10680BDB634572" box="[1056,1107,1830,1856]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">et al</emphasis>
. 2020: 58
</bibRefCitation>
, Figs 33–56).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8D5656DA70AD667798D684ADEAB43C4" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" type="description">
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70AD666798D684ADE7E45B3" blockId="6.[189,334,1895,1921]" box="[189,334,1895,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
<heading id="BB38818AA70AD666798D684ADE7E45B3" bold="true" box="[189,334,1895,1921]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="84" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70AD666798D684ADE7E45B3" bold="true" box="[189,334,1895,1921]" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">Description</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70AD667798D68B8DEAB43C4" blockId="6.[189,1399,1941,2003]" lastBlockId="7.[187,1400,265,502]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="85" pageId="6" pageNumber="84">
Medium sized spiders. Cephalothorax longer than wide, eye field shorter than 50% of total cephalothorax length. PME mid-way between anterior and posterior laterals. Abdomen egg-shaped, beige to brown with a lighter pattern. Chelicerae unident with 2 promarginal teeth and 1 retromarginal tooth. RTA not prominent; cymbium in some species with apical process; tegulum oval, expands beyond apical border of tibia (PLP); embolus stout, set laterally on top of tegulum, wider base. Female epigyne moderately sclerotized, strongly haired. CD well sclerotized, straight, curved or coiled. Spermatheca one-chambered, oval to kidney-shaped. FD is well sclerotized. Accessory glands on external spermathecal walls. Legs I and II robust with scopulae, III and IV more delicate. Hairs and bristles blackish. Leg formula: 1-2-4-3 (
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70BD66779F56EF1DEBE43C4" author="Jastrzebski P." box="[197,398,476,502]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" pagination="1 - 9" refId="ref13287" refString="Jastrzebski P. 1999. Salticidae from the Himalaya: the genus Carrhotus Thorell 1891 (Araneae, Salticidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica 9: 1 - 9." type="journal article" year="1999">Jastrzebski 1999</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8D5656DA70BD667798D6D30DE5C409F" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70BD667798D6D30DE664005" blockId="7.[189,342,541,567]" box="[189,342,541,567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="BB38818AA70BD667798D6D30DE664005" bold="true" box="[189,342,541,567]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70BD667798D6D30DE664005" bold="true" box="[189,342,541,567]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Distribution</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70BD667798D6D61DE5C409F" blockId="7.[189,1399,588,685]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD667798D6D61DE254054" box="[189,277,588,614]" name="Bhutan" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
, Borneo,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD66778BE6D61DEE94054" box="[398,473,588,614]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Brazil</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD66778D96D61DD024054" box="[489,562,588,614]" name="China" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">China</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677B736D60DDBC4055" box="[579,652,589,615]" name="Egypt" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Egypt</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677BAC6D61DC324054" box="[668,770,588,614]" name="Ethiopia" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677A226D61DC534054" box="[786,867,588,614]" name="Gabon" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Gabon</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677A446D61DC8B4054" box="[884,955,588,614]" name="Libya" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Libya</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677AFB6D61DB3A4054" box="[971,1034,588,614]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">India</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677D2B6D61DBA04054" box="[1051,1168,588,614]" name="Indonesia" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677D906D60DBE24055" box="[1184,1234,589,615]" name="Iran" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Iran</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677DD36D61DA434054" box="[1251,1395,588,614]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD667798D6D42DE1C40BB" box="[189,300,623,649]" name="Malaysia" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD667780E6D5DDE8240B8" box="[318,434,624,650]" name="Myanmar" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD66778F46D42DD3D40BB" box="[452,525,623,649]" name="Nepal" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Nepal</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677B2F6D42DD4440BB" box="[543,628,623,649]" name="Turkey" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Turkey</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677BB56D42DDDB40BB" box="[645,747,623,649]" name="Vietnam" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677BCE6D42DC4E40BB" box="[766,894,623,649]" name="Seychelles" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677AA16D42DB3D40BB" box="[913,1037,623,649]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677D106D42DB8C40BB" box="[1056,1212,623,649]" name="South Africa" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">South Africa</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70BD6677DE16D42DE50409F" author="World Spider Catalog" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" refId="ref14191" refString="World Spider Catalog. 2022. World Spider Catalog, version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed 11 Jan. 2022]." type="url" year="2022">World Spider Catalog 2022</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8D5656DA70BD667798D6DF9DB6241B4" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70BD667798D6DF9DD3340DC" blockId="7.[189,515,724,750]" box="[189,515,724,750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
<heading id="BB38818AA70BD667798D6DF9DD3340DC" bold="true" box="[189,515,724,750]" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" reason="3">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70BD667798D6DF9DD3340DC" bold="true" box="[189,515,724,750]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
Composition in
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD66778B46DF9DD3340DC" box="[388,515,724,750]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E07036E6A70BD667798D6C2FDB6241B4" blockId="7.[189,1399,770,903]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">
Currently, the genus consists of 33 species worldwide [for a full list see
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70BD6677D3F6C2FDA5C412F" author="World Spider Catalog" box="[1039,1388,770,797]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" refId="ref14191" refString="World Spider Catalog. 2022. World Spider Catalog, version 22.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from http: // wsc. nmbe. ch [accessed 11 Jan. 2022]." type="url" year="2022">World Spider Catalog (2022)</bibRefCitation>
]. The following species are now recorded from
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677BC16C0BDC5C4172" box="[753,876,806,832]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
:
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70BD6677A496C0BDB7F410D" authority="Satkunanathan &amp; Benjamin, 2022" authorityName="Satkunanathan &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2022" box="[889,1103,806,832]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="atratus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70BD6677A496C0BDB7F410D" box="[889,1103,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Carrhotus atratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C988578FA70BD6677D696C0BDB894172" box="[1113,1209,806,832]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70BD6677DF86C0BDA474172" authority="Satkunanathan &amp; Benjamin, 2022" authorityName="Satkunanathan &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2022" box="[1224,1399,806,832]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albosetosus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70BD6677DF86C0BDA474172" box="[1224,1399,806,832]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">C. albosetosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C988578FA70BD667798D6C64DE2F4151" box="[189,287,841,867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70BD667781F6C64DE9C4151" authority="Satkunanathan &amp; Benjamin, 2022" authorityName="Satkunanathan &amp; Benjamin" authorityYear="2022" box="[303,428,841,867]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lobatus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70BD667781F6C64DE9C4151" box="[303,428,841,867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">C. lobatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="C988578FA70BD66778886C64DD2A4151" box="[440,538,841,867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70BD6677B1A6C64DC7A4151" authority="Caleb, 2020" authorityName="Caleb" authorityYear="2020" box="[554,842,841,867]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silanthi">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70BD6677B1A6C64DD994151" box="[554,681,841,867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">C. silanthi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70BD6677B856C64DC7A4151" author="Caleb J. T. D. &amp; Bera C. &amp; Acharya S." box="[693,842,841,867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" pagination="51 - 66" refId="ref12978" refString="Caleb J. T. D., Bera C. &amp; Acharya S. 2020. New species and synonymies in the genus Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 from India (Aranei: Salticidae: Salticini). Arthropoda Selecta 29 (1): 51 - 66. https: // doi. org / 10.15298 / arthsel. 29.1.04" type="journal article" year="2020">Caleb, 2020</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70BD6677A6A6C64DBF14151" authority="Simon, 1902" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1902" box="[858,1217,841,867]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="taprobanicus">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70BD6677A6A6C64DB2B4151" box="[858,1051,841,867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">C. taprobanicus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70BD6677D166C64DBF14151" author="Simon E." box="[1062,1217,841,867]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" pagination="389 - 421" refId="ref13873" refString="Simon E. 1902. Etudes arachnologiques. 32 e Memoire. LI. Descriptions d'especes nouvelles de la famille des Salticidae (suite). Annales de la Societe entomologique de France 71: 389 - 421. Available from https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 8251793 [accessed 25 Mar. 2022]." type="journal article" year="1902">Simon, 1902</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70BD6677C336C64DEB541B4" authority="C. L. Koch, 1846" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1846" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Plexippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viduus">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70BD6677C336C64DA474151" box="[1283,1399,841,867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">C. viduus</emphasis>
C.L.
<bibRefCitation id="845E4B17A70BD66779C86C41DEB541B4" author="Koch C. L." box="[248,389,876,902]" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" pagination="4674 - 80" refId="ref13371" refString="Koch C. L. 1846. Die Arachniden: Getreu nach der Natur abgebildet und beschrieben. Vol. 13: 1 - 234, 4334 - 68 (f. 1078 - 1271); Vol. 14: 1 - 88, 4674 - 80, (f. 1272 - 1342). J. L. Lotzbeck, Nurnberg. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 43744 [For the correct year of publication see Brignoli 1985]" type="journal article" year="1846">Koch, 1846</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70BD66778A06C41DD5741B4" authorityName="Caleb" authorityYear="2020" box="[400,615,876,902]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Carrhotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silanthi">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70BD66778A06C41DD5741B4" box="[400,615,876,902]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">Carrhotus silanthi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="27CF4D65A70BD6677B906C40DC2041B4" authorityName="C. L. Koch" authorityYear="1846" box="[672,784,876,903]" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Plexippus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="7" pageNumber="85" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viduus">
<emphasis id="D2BBEAF4A70BD6677B906C40DC2041B4" box="[672,784,876,903]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">C. viduus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are also known from
<collectingCountry id="98D87676A70BD6677D3E6C41DB7E41B4" box="[1038,1102,876,902]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="85">India</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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