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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2ef918a8-b165-4acd-9b8d-681a8be3179c" ID-PMC="PMC7732820" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-169-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" ID-PubMed="33354138" ModsDocID="1314-2003-169-1" checkinTime="1607107116814" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Pellegrini, Marco O. O., Hickman, Ellen J., Guttierrez, Jorge E., Smith, Rhian J. &amp; Hopper, Stephen D." docDate="2020" docId="5D9E924834C25D25AD0439DB95A7DA42" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 169: 1-59" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 169" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996" docTitle="Pyrrorhiza Maguire &amp; Wurdack, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9 (3): 318. 1957" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167" masterDocTitle="Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)" masterLastPageNumber="59" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668140162299" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Revisiting the taxonomy of the Neotropical Haemodoraceae (Commelinales)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pellegrini, Marco O. O.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Universidade de Sao Paulo, Departamento de Botanica, Rua do Matao 277, CEP 05508 - 900, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8783-1362</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">marcooctavio.pellegrini@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hickman, Ellen J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Guttierrez, Jorge E.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Jardin Botanico Nacional, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Smith, Rhian J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Kew Green, Richmond, Surrey TW 9 3 AB, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hopper, Stephen D.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>University of Western Australia, Centre of Excellence in Natural Resource Management and School of Biological Sciences, Albany, Western Australia 6330, Australia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>169</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>59</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-169-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4C3FED0F8EE9579F9DAF15D7FBD5E167</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170677877" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5D9E924834C25D25AD0439DB95A7DA42" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D9E924834C25D25AD0439DB95A7DA42" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
3.
<taxonomicName LSID="5D9E9248-34C2-5D25-AD04-39DB95A7DA42" authority="Maguire &amp; Wurdack, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9 (3): 318. 1957." class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Pyrrorhiza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyrrorhiza" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pyrrorhiza Maguire &amp; Wurdack, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9(3): 318. 1957.</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Pyrrorhiza neblinae Maguire &amp; Wurdack A Cerro de la Neblina B detail of the vegetation at the top of the Cerro de la Neblina with Bonnetia maguireorum in flower C habit D flowering habit E inflorescence showing the spathaceous bracteoles and floral buds F inflorescence bearing immature capsules. A by B. Means, B by C. Brewer-Carias, C-F by A. Weitzman." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481936" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Pyrrorhiza neblinae Maguire &amp; Wurdack A whole plant B, C cincinnus: B young cincinnus with flower buds C older cincinnus with fruits, pre-anthesis flowers and flower buds D hairs E flower bud with bracteole F flower at pre-anthesis G dissected perianth, showing the lack of nectar guides H filiform staminode I-J stamen: I frontal view J dorsal view K flower with the perianth removed, showing the androecium and gynoecium L stigma M-O fruit: M immature capsule N capsule in longitudinal section O dehiscent capsule P-R seed: P dorsal view Q ventral view R longitudinal section. Illustration by E. J. Hickman. Scale bars: 2 cm (A, G, M-O); 0.5 cm (B, C, H); 0.25 mm (D); 1.5 mm (E, F); 1 mm (I, J, P-R); 0.75 mm (K); 0.1 mm (L)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481937" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 11</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type species">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Pyrrorhiza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyrrorhiza neblinae" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neblinae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pyrrorhiza neblinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maguire &amp; Wurdack.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Pyrrorhiza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyrrorhiza" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pyrrorhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was initially considered as being closely related to
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Meisn. (
<bibRefCitation author="Maguire, B" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="235 - 392" refId="B29" refString="Maguire, B, Wurdack, JJ, 1957. The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 9 (3): 235 - 392" title="The Botany of the Guayana Highland- Part II." volume="9" year="1957">Maguire and Wurdack 1957</bibRefCitation>
), a view supported by the morphological phylogeny of
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" author="Simpson, MG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="722 - 784" refId="B52" refString="Simpson, MG, 1990. Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 77 (4): 722 - 784, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" volume="77" year="1990">Simpson (1990)</bibRefCitation>
, but not supported by the anatomical studies of
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1086/689199" author="Aerne-Hains, L" journalOrPublisher="International Journal of Plant Sciences" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="117 - 156" refId="B1" refString="Aerne-Hains, L, Simpson, MG, 2017. Vegetative anatomy of the Haemodoraceae and its phylogenetic significance. International Journal of Plant Sciences 178 (2): 117 - 156, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/689199" title="Vegetative anatomy of the Haemodoraceae and its phylogenetic significance." url="https://doi.org/10.1086/689199" volume="178" year="2017">Aerne-Hains and Simpson (2017)</bibRefCitation>
, the molecular phylogeny of
<bibRefCitation author="Hopper, SD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Hopper, SD, Smith, RJ, Chase, MW, Fay, MF, Gutierrez, JE, Hickman, EJ, Manning, JC, Pellegrini, MOO, Rourke, JP, Simpson, MG, in prep. . Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." title="Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." year="in prep.">Hopper et al. (in prep.)</bibRefCitation>
and the new morphological phylogeny for the family (
<bibRefCitation author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2019. Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." title="Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." year="2019">Pellegrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
). As currently understood,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Pyrrorhiza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyrrorhiza" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pyrrorhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is sister to
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Cubanicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cubanicula" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cubanicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with both being sister to
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xiphidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.str. (
<bibRefCitation author="Hopper, SD" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Hopper, SD, Smith, RJ, Chase, MW, Fay, MF, Gutierrez, JE, Hickman, EJ, Manning, JC, Pellegrini, MOO, Rourke, JP, Simpson, MG, in prep. . Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." title="Near-complete taxon sampling for Haemodoraceae phylogenetics helps resolve enigmatic relationships in and between the Americas, South Africa, and Australia." year="in prep.">Hopper et al. in prep.</bibRefCitation>
). The supposed relation between
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Pyrrorhiza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyrrorhiza" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pyrrorhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was thought to be supported by the zygomorphic perianth, dimorphic stamens, and the discontinuous subexterior exine wall (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00173138309431969" author="Simpson, MG" journalOrPublisher="Grana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="79 - 103" refId="B49" refString="Simpson, MG, 1983. Pollen ultrastructure of the Haemodoraceae and its taxonomic significance. Grana 22 (2): 79 - 103, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00173138309431969" title="Pollen ultrastructure of the Haemodoraceae and its taxonomic significance." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00173138309431969" volume="22" year="1983">Simpson 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" author="Simpson, MG" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="722 - 784" refId="B52" refString="Simpson, MG, 1990. Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 77 (4): 722 - 784, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" title="Phylogeny and classification of the Haemodoraceae." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2399670" volume="77" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
). However, the first two characters are clearly homoplastic in
<taxonomicName genus="Haemodoroideae" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Haemodoroideae</taxonomicName>
, while the third seems to be a convergence between
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Pyrrorhiza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyrrorhiza" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pyrrorhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Schiekia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schiekia" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schiekia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2019. Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." title="Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." year="2019">Pellegrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Pyrrorhiza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyrrorhiza" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pyrrorhiza</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
shares with
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Cubanicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cubanicula" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cubanicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Xiphidium" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Xiphidium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
s.str. the sand-binding roots, campanulate and pollen rewarding flowers, mainly white perianth, tepals with an apical black mucron, anthers as long as to ca.
<normalizedToken originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
times shorter than the filaments and enlarged placental attachments subtending the ovules and fruits with thickened septal ridges (
<bibRefCitation author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2019. Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." title="Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." year="2019">Pellegrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
). It shares exclusively with
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Cubanicula" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Cubanicula" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cubanicula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the peculiar lenticellate seeds with the
<normalizedToken originalValue="testas">testa's</normalizedToken>
margin covered with coarse trichomes (
<bibRefCitation author="Hickman, EJ" journalOrPublisher="Bothalia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B14" refString="Hickman, EJ, 2019. Discovery through illustration - botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia." title="Discovery through illustration - botanical art, traits and their phylogeny in the Haemodoraceae. PhD thesis, The University of Western Australia." year="2019">Hickman 2019</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Pellegrini, MOO" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B38" refString="Pellegrini, MOO, 2019. Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." title="Systematics of Commelinales focusing on Neotropical lineages. PhD thesis. Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil." year="2019">Pellegrini 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.169.57996.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/481936" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Pyrrorhiza" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pyrrorhiza neblinae" order="Commelinales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="neblinae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pyrrorhiza neblinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Maguire &amp; Wurdack
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Cerro de la Neblina
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
detail of the vegetation at the top of the Cerro de la Neblina with
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bonnetiaceae" genus="Bonnetia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bonnetia maguireorum" order="Malpighiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="maguireorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bonnetia maguireorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in flower
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
flowering habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
inflorescence showing the spathaceous bracteoles and floral buds
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
inflorescence bearing immature capsules.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
by B. Means,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
by C. Brewer-Carias,
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C-F</emphasis>
by A. Weitzman.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>