395 lines
51 KiB
XML
395 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="BBB97451ED5A07C557FD6056ED0077BD" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.189627" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4324a7ae-8c6b-4462-95ba-97f20de2641e" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="189627" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461103444780" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Moore, Elizabeth & Gosliner, Terrence" docDate="2009" docId="5C0D674A6357A814FF77F3E2366DFE77" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02201p048.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2201" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Phyllodesmium tuberculatum Moore & Gosliner, 2009, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="35" masterDocId="A0341F326355A813FFE0F630371AFFB7" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea), and a revised phylogenetic analysis" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="30" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1698592214733" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="6C3AD34F5AB476BD7F30838B13078D6B">Three new species of Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia: Aeolidoidea), and a revised phylogenetic analysis</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="66543447A06E94E88D236280A7BB3892" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="AA7EEF19E1245270AE752A0912180C9E">Moore, Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="276F31EBC0288AC8F948178B0C696C88">Gosliner, Terrence</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="CDA634EF0935336E2B7EF1D896BBB2A1">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="33C700008F2E8EA30B37AD970BA32DBF">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0B60C21A566CA125C25560F25B6AFC27">
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<mods:date id="DEC671CD446F615D288D334BB4CEC450">2009</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8406EF0804F280C172647247E3016430" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F251C6C425E9FD6E171D565529201423">2201</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="14BF17AF25B36B88F1CC5351F7B34594">30</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5AD3ACFCBA2AF24A0568FBFDCF31843A">48</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="B390C036D9089E5B0371DC0E9C4D1F2D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2105608E9C362B249250461A8F3B7B55" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.189627</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="514B825D8314B70709AF5D89EFF7C5CE" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5C0D674A6357A814FF77F3E2366DFE77" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6216514" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119622570" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6216514" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5C0D674A6357A814FF77F3E2366DFE77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5C0D674A6357A814FF77F3E2366DFE77" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="9CBE85D76357A811FF77F3E2354BF9B8" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D41BD65C6357A811FF77F3E2355CFA5B" blockId="2.[151,593,1490,1551]" box="[151,582,1490,1516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<heading id="8F5361306357A811FF77F3E2355CFA5B" bold="true" box="[151,582,1490,1516]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6357A811FF77F3E2355CFA5B" bold="true" box="[151,582,1490,1516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6357A811FF77F3E236E6FA5B" box="[151,508,1490,1516]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6357A811FF77F3E236E6FA5B" bold="true" box="[151,508,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Phyllodesmium tuberculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDE3B7356357A811FDE4F3E2355CFA5B" box="[516,582,1490,1516]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D41BD65C6357A811FF77F3C5354BF9B8" blockId="2.[151,593,1490,1551]" box="[151,593,1525,1551]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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(
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<figureCitation id="4C9FCAD96357A811FF7FF3C53610F9B8" box="[159,266,1525,1551]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1961,1985]" captionTargetBox="[317,1270,197,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[317,1271,197,1936]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Living animals A. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp. B. Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp. C. Phyllodesmium karenae n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189628/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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A, 2A–C, 3A, 4, 5A,B, 6A)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9CBE85D76357A811FF77F07234BFF9EE" box="[151,933,1602,1626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" type="description">
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<paragraph id="D41BD65C6357A811FF77F07234BFF9EE" blockId="2.[151,933,1602,1626]" box="[151,933,1602,1626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6357A811FF77F0723602F9ED" bold="true" box="[151,280,1602,1626]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Synonymy:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6357A811FEFEF07236D8F9EE" box="[286,450,1602,1625]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6357A811FEFEF07236D8F9EE" box="[286,450,1602,1625]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Phyllodesmium</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 2
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<bibRefCitation id="B035ABAD6357A811FDE2F0723476F9EE" author="Gosliner" box="[514,876,1602,1625]" pageId="2" pageNumber="48" refString="Gosliner, T., Behrens, D. W & Valdes, A. (2008) Indo-Pacific nudibranchs and sea slugs: A field guide to the world's most diverse fauna. Sea Challengers and California Academy of Sciences, Gig Harbor, WA and San Francisco, CA, 426 pp." type="book" year="2008">Gosliner Behrens & Valdés, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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: 385.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="9CBE85D76357A811FF77F0B83243F805" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D41BD65C6357A811FF77F0B834BDF8D3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1672,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6357A811FF77F0B83696F915" bold="true" box="[151,396,1672,1698]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Material examined</emphasis>
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:
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<typeStatus id="0B1F68FE6357A811FE7DF0B93509F914" box="[413,531,1673,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="B2B54E996357A811FDFFF0B9356CF914" box="[543,630,1673,1699]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">CASIZ</collectionCode>
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177520, not dissected, molecular sample taken from foot,
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<quantity id="135C7BB96357A811FAA8F0B93286F914" box="[1352,1436,1673,1699]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="17.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="8.5" valueMax="17.0" valueMin="0.0">0–17m</quantity>
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depth, Twin Rocks, Mabini, Batangas Province, Luzon Island,
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<collectingCountry id="ACB396CC6357A811FC60F0803312F97D" box="[896,1032,1712,1738]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="A01AF09C6357A811FBF4F08033D6F97D" box="[1044,1228,1712,1738]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" value="2008-03-21">21 March 2008</date>
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, T.M. Gosliner
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6357A811FA67F08037AFF947" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">et al.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="0B1F68FE6357A811FF5CF0E6363DF947" box="[188,295,1750,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="B2B54E996357A811FED2F0E6369DF947" box="[306,391,1750,1776]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">CASIZ</collectionCode>
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106547, dissected,
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<quantity id="135C7BB96357A811FD8DF0E635A4F947" box="[621,702,1750,1776]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="0.0">0–16m</quantity>
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depth, Twin Rocks, Mabini, Batangas Province, Luzon Island,
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<collectingCountry id="ACB396CC6357A811FF77F0CD363CF8A0" box="[151,294,1789,1815]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="A01AF09C6357A811FED3F0CD36FEF8A0" box="[307,484,1789,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" value="1996-04-19">19 April 1996</date>
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, T.M. Gosliner.
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<typeStatus id="0B1F68FE6357A811FD50F0CD343BF8A0" box="[688,801,1789,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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:
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<collectionCode id="B2B54E996357A811FCCEF0CD349CF8A0" box="[814,902,1789,1815]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">CASIZ</collectionCode>
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177663, dissected, buccal mass not found, reproductive system poorly preserved, molecular sample taken from foot,
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<quantity id="135C7BB96357A811FBC1F114336FF889" box="[1057,1141,1828,1854]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="16.0" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="8.0" valueMax="16.0" valueMin="0.0">0–16m</quantity>
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depth, Sepok, Batangas Province, Luzon Island,
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<collectingCountry id="ACB396CC6357A811FE56F17A3527F8D3" box="[438,573,1866,1892]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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,
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<date id="A01AF09C6357A811FDA9F17A35EAF8D3" box="[585,752,1866,1892]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32" value="2008-04-19">19 April 2008</date>
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, T.M. Gosliner.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D41BD65C6357A811FF25F1403243F805" blockId="2.[151,1437,1672,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6357A811FF25F14036BCF83D" bold="true" box="[197,422,1904,1930]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Geographic range</emphasis>
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. This species is known only from southern Luzon Island,
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<collectingCountry id="ACB396CC6357A811FBAEF14133C8F83C" box="[1102,1234,1905,1931]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Philippines</collectingCountry>
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(this study).
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6357A811FF25F1A73650F806" bold="true" box="[197,330,1943,1969]" pageId="2" pageNumber="32">Etymology</emphasis>
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. The species is named after the rounded tubercles present on the cerata of these animals.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="80DB86D46356A810FF77F19936C3F854" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189628/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" targetBox="[317,1270,197,1931]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph id="D41BD65C6356A810FF77F19936C3F854" blockId="3.[151,1437,1961,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6356A810FF77F199363AF876" bold="true" box="[151,288,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
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. Living animals
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6356A810FE11F1993514F876" bold="true" box="[497,526,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">A.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6356A810FDF7F19A346DF876" box="[535,887,1962,1985]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6356A810FDF7F19A346DF876" box="[535,887,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Phyllodesmium tuberculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6356A810FC62F19934F6F876" bold="true" box="[898,1004,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDE3B7356356A810FC62F19934D2F876" box="[898,968,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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B.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6356A810FC15F19A323DF876" box="[1013,1319,1962,1985]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pinnatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6356A810FC15F19A323DF876" box="[1013,1319,1962,1985]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Phyllodesmium pinnatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6356A810FAD1F1993287F876" bold="true" box="[1329,1437,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDE3B7356356A810FAD1F1993262F876" box="[1329,1400,1961,1985]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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C.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6356A810FF77F1FC368DF854" box="[151,407,1996,2019]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6356A810FF77F1FC368DF854" box="[151,407,1996,2019]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="33">Phyllodesmium karenae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDE3B7356356A810FE7DF1FB36C3F854" box="[413,473,1995,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
<caption id="80DB86D46351A817FF77F02A350DF968" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189629/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[316,1271,194,1538]" targetPageId="4">
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||
<paragraph id="D41BD65C6351A817FF77F02A350DF968" blockId="4.[151,1437,1562,1759]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
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||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FF77F02A3607F985" bold="true" box="[151,285,1562,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FECFF02A3658F985" bold="true" box="[303,322,1562,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">A</emphasis>
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.
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<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6351A817FEB5F02A35A8F986" box="[341,690,1562,1585]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FEB5F02A35A8F986" box="[341,690,1562,1585]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Phyllodesmium tuberculatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FD5BF02A341BF985" bold="true" box="[699,769,1562,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDE3B7356351A817FD5BF02A341BF985" box="[699,769,1562,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
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</emphasis>
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, micrograph of ceras showing secondary branching.
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FA62F02A328EF985" bold="true" box="[1410,1428,1562,1586]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">B</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6351A817FF77F00D36D5F9E3" box="[151,463,1597,1620]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FF77F00D36D5F9E3" box="[151,463,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Phyllodesmium tuberculatum</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FE36F00C3508F9E3" bold="true" box="[470,530,1596,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDE3B7356351A817FE36F00C3508F9E3" box="[470,530,1596,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
, ceratal ducts with zooxanthellae shown by arrows.
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<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FBA3F00C334CF9E3" bold="true" box="[1091,1110,1596,1620]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
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<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6351A817FB84F00D3286F9E3" box="[1124,1436,1597,1620]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FB84F00D3286F9E3" box="[1124,1436,1597,1620]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Phyllodesmium tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FF77F06F37C2F9C0" bold="true" box="[151,216,1631,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDE3B7356351A817FF77F06F37C2F9C0" box="[151,216,1631,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, ceratal apex showing cnidosac devoid of nematocysts, c―cnidosac.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FBE3F06F330CF9C0" bold="true" box="[1027,1046,1631,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">D</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6351A817FBC6F0503251F9C0" box="[1062,1355,1632,1655]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pinnatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FBC6F0503251F9C0" box="[1062,1355,1632,1655]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Phyllodesmium pinnatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FAB3F06F328FF9C0" bold="true" box="[1363,1429,1631,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDE3B7356351A817FAB3F06F328FF9C0" box="[1363,1429,1631,1655]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, micrograph of ceras showing secondary branching, zooxanthellae shown by arrows.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FBC2F0B2332EF92D" bold="true" box="[1058,1076,1666,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6351A817FBA1F0B23248F92E" box="[1089,1362,1666,1689]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="pinnatum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FBA1F0B23248F92E" box="[1089,1362,1666,1689]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Phyllodesmium pinnatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FAB9F0B2328FF92D" bold="true" box="[1369,1429,1666,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDE3B7356351A817FAB9F0B2328FF92D" box="[1369,1429,1666,1690]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, ceratal apex showing absence of cnidosac.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FD8AF0943562F90B" bold="true" box="[618,632,1700,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">F</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6351A817FD66F0953493F90B" box="[646,905,1701,1724]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FD66F0953493F90B" box="[646,905,1701,1724]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Phyllodesmium karenae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FC70F09434D7F90B" bold="true" box="[912,973,1700,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FDE3B7356351A817FC70F09434D7F90B" box="[912,973,1700,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, ceratal apex showing undivided digestive gland duct and absence of cnidosac.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9CBE85D76351A816FF25F13D36DDF887" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41BD65C6351A817FF25F13D361BF8F9" blockId="4.[151,1437,1805,2024]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FF25F13D369EF890" bold="true" box="[197,388,1805,1831]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Natural history</emphasis>
|
||
. This species is found on coral and rubble near its prey species, a soft coral in the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6351A817FF77F10437E0F8FA" box="[151,250,1844,1869]" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Anthelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FF77F10437E0F8FA" box="[151,250,1844,1869]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Anthelia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41BD65C6351A816FF25F16A366FFB28" blockId="4.[151,1437,1805,2024]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FF25F16A367BF8C3" bold="true" box="[197,353,1882,1908]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Description</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6351A817FE93F16B3415F8C3" box="[371,783,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Color and external morphology.</emphasis>
|
||
Living animals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C9FCAD96351A817FC0BF16A3329F8C3" box="[1003,1075,1882,1908]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,264,1961,1985]" captionTargetBox="[317,1270,197,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[317,1271,197,1936]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Living animals A. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp. B. Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp. C. Phyllodesmium karenae n. sp." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189628/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="34">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
A) are elongate, with cerata obscuring the majority of the dorsum and mantle. The preserved specimens examined were
|
||
<quantity id="135C7BB96351A817FB08F1B1322EF82C" box="[1256,1332,1921,1947]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="14.0">14mm</quantity>
|
||
(CASIZ 177520) and
|
||
<quantity id="135C7BB96351A817FEDBF1983693F875" box="[315,393,1960,1986]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" unit="mm" value="13.0">13mm</quantity>
|
||
(CASIZ 106547) in length. Specimen CASIZ 177663 was poorly preserved and not measured. The anterior portion of the foot margin is broad with moderately tentacular foot corners while the posterior end tapers to an elongate point. The body of the living animal, including rhinophores, oral tentacles, cerata and foot are predominantly a bluish gray color. Large, thick, and somewhat dorso-ventrally flattened cerata cover the dorsum with smaller cerata at the lateral margins of the mantle. Large cerata are covered nonuniformly by round, nodulose tubercles that are also bluish gray in color. The tubercles tend to aggregate on, but are not exclusive to, the narrow margins and ends of the cerata, which terminate bluntly with a hardly visible tip. When the animal is preserved, the distal-most point on each ceras is marked by a small but distinctive cnidosac that lacks nematocysts (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C9FCAD96350A816FD43F7B035F1FE2D" box="[675,747,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="4.[151,262,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[316,1271,194,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[316,1271,194,1538]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp., micrograph of ceras showing secondary branching. B. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp., ceratal ducts with zooxanthellae shown by arrows. C. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp., ceratal apex showing cnidosac devoid of nematocysts, c ― cnidosac. D. Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp., micrograph of ceras showing secondary branching, zooxanthellae shown by arrows. E. Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp., ceratal apex showing absence of cnidosac. F. Phyllodesmium karenae n. sp., ceratal apex showing undivided digestive gland duct and absence of cnidosac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189629/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
C). The smallest cerata, near the posterior end of the body and along the mantle margin, have no tubercles and appear cylindrical and smooth with a slightly pointed tip. The digestive gland visibly branches throughout the cerata, with visible secondary, and possibly tertiary, branches that extend to the surface of each ceras (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C9FCAD96350A816FD01F7C4345AFDB9" box="[737,832,500,526]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="4.[151,262,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[316,1271,194,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[316,1271,194,1538]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp., micrograph of ceras showing secondary branching. B. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp., ceratal ducts with zooxanthellae shown by arrows. C. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp., ceratal apex showing cnidosac devoid of nematocysts, c ― cnidosac. D. Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp., micrograph of ceras showing secondary branching, zooxanthellae shown by arrows. E. Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp., ceratal apex showing absence of cnidosac. F. Phyllodesmium karenae n. sp., ceratal apex showing undivided digestive gland duct and absence of cnidosac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189629/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Zooxanthellae are present in great numbers in the digestive tissue of the largest cerata (near the dorsum) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C9FCAD96350A816FCC3F42A3470FD83" box="[803,874,538,564]" captionStart="FIGURE 2. A" captionStartId="4.[151,262,1562,1586]" captionTargetBox="[316,1271,194,1538]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[316,1271,194,1538]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. A. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp., micrograph of ceras showing secondary branching. B. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp., ceratal ducts with zooxanthellae shown by arrows. C. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp., ceratal apex showing cnidosac devoid of nematocysts, c ― cnidosac. D. Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp., micrograph of ceras showing secondary branching, zooxanthellae shown by arrows. E. Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp., ceratal apex showing absence of cnidosac. F. Phyllodesmium karenae n. sp., ceratal apex showing undivided digestive gland duct and absence of cnidosac." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189629/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B), but not in the small, laterally-located cerata. Zooxanthellae also appear to be located outside the digestive tissue near the surface of each ceras. The ceratal arrangement consists of arches and rows, with arches consisting of two rows of cerata forming in the anterior ceratal groups and rows in the most posterior groups (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C9FCAD96350A816FCC2F4BE3473FD1F" box="[802,873,654,680]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,256,1499,1523]" captionTargetBox="[359,1227,220,1469]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[348,1239,197,1474]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Lateral view of preserved specimens showing ceratal arrangement A. Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp. (CASIZ 106547). B. Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp. (CASIZ 179101). C. Phyllodesmium karenae n. sp. (CASIZ 177313). Scale bars represent preserved specimen length." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189630/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). The precardiac cerata are grouped into one arch on each side of the body containing approximately 15 cerata. On the arms of the precardiac arches there are double rows of cerata, but on the dorsal curve of each arch there is a single row. The genital aperture is located between the arms of the precardiac arch on the right side of the animal, and there are separate openings for the male and female genital systems. The renal opening is situated slightly toward the posterior between the precardiac arch and the first postcardiac arch on the right side. The postcardiac cerata are grouped on both sides into arches containing approximately 13 cerata for the first two arches. These first two postcardiac arches also contain double rows on the ventral arms, but a single row of cerata on the dorsal curve of each arch. The anal papilla is located within the first postcardiac arch on the right side. The third postcardiac arch contains approximately 8 cerata and appears to be a single-rowed arch. The last three ceratal groups are curved rows containing 4, 3, and 3 cerata respectively. The rhinophores are smooth, with a somewhat wrinkled appearance and are conical in shape with blunt tips. The oral tentacles are also smooth and taper from the anterior edge of the head to bluntly pointed apices. They are approximately the same length as the rhinophores.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41BD65C6350A816FF25F29C37C9FA62" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FF25F29C36A6FB72" box="[197,444,1196,1221]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Reproductive System</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C9FCAD96350A816FE2DF29C350DFB71" box="[461,535,1196,1222]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1073,1097]" captionTargetBox="[444,1141,514,1039]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[436,1150,506,1047]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Reproductive system of Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp. Abbreviations: am ― ampulla, rs ― receptaculum seminis, od ― oviduct, vd ― vas deferens, p ― penial papilla, pr ― prostate, al ― albumen gland, mu ― mucous gland, me ― membrane gland." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189631/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Large quantities of ovoid gonad fill the posterior portion of the specimen. The female gland mass is large and consists predominantly of the mucous gland with smaller albumen and membrane glands. The ampulla is large and curved, and it branches to the oviduct and the prostatic portion of the vas deferens. The oviduct connects to a nodulose receptaculum seminis. A second duct extends from near the base of the receptaculum seminis and joins the female glands near the albumen gland. The second branch of the ampulla connects to the vas deferens. The proximal portion is prostatic with the prostate being convoluted and prominent. The prostate increases in size until joining a large, conical-shaped, unarmed penial bulb.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D41BD65C6350A816FF25F3D136DDF887" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FF25F3D1368FFA4D" box="[197,405,1505,1530]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Buccal Armature.</emphasis>
|
||
The jaws are thin and coriaceous, slightly elongating posteriorly. There are six to eight slender denticles situated along the masticatory border of each jaw. Each denticle has a ribbed projection extending laterally, making them appear wing-like (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C9FCAD96350A816FD1CF01E3441F9FF" box="[764,859,1582,1608]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A. and B" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1672,1696]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,197,1644]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,197,1647]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. and B. Jaw plate and masticatory denticles of Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp. (CASIZ 106547). C. and D. Jaw plate and masticatory border of Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp. (CASIZ 179101). E. and F. Jaw plate and masticatory denticles of Phyllodesmium karenae n. sp. (CASIZ 177313)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189632/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 5A</figureCitation>
|
||
, B). The radula has a formula of
|
||
<date id="A01AF09C6350A816FB07F01E3206F9FF" box="[1255,1308,1582,1608]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" value="1925-10">25 x</date>
|
||
0.1.0. The teeth are triangular in shape leading to a long and pointed primary cusp (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4C9FCAD96350A816FC11F065334AF9D8" box="[1009,1104,1621,1647]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A" captionStartId="10.[151,256,1302,1326]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,313,1275]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,313,1277]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. A. Radular cusps and denticles of Phyllodesmium tuberculatum n. sp. (CASIZ 106547) B. Radular cusps and denticles of Phyllodesmium pinnatum n. sp. (CASIZ 179101) C. and D. Radular cusps and denticles of Phyllodesmium karenae n. sp. (CASIZ 177313, note the ventral denticle near the apex of each cusp)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/189633/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The rib on the ventral side of each tooth extends from the posterior of the tooth to the middle of the cusp. Denticulation extends along the margin from the base of the tooth nearly to the apex. The number of denticles varies between 28–30 per radular tooth. The denticles are slightly elongated with well-separated points that reach slightly under the edge of the tooth. Denticles at the base of the tooth are generally more defined, where denticles near the apex of the cusp become less distinct.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9CBE85D76350A814FF25F10D366DFE77" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D41BD65C6350A814FF25F10D366DFE77" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2034]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,448]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FF25F10D3624F8E0" bold="true" box="[197,318,1853,1879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Of the described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6350A816FD6CF10D345BF8E1" box="[652,833,1853,1878]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FD6CF10D345BF8E1" box="[652,833,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Phyllodesmium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
there are five species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6350A816FBAEF10D328DF8E0" authority="Rudman, 1981" authorityName="Rudman" authorityYear="1981" box="[1102,1431,1853,1879]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crypticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FBAEF10D33FAF8E1" box="[1102,1248,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. crypticum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B035ABAD6350A816FB08F10D328DF8E0" author="Rudman" box="[1256,1431,1853,1879]" pageId="5" pageNumber="48" refString="Rudman, W. B. (1981) The anatomy and biology of alcyonarian-feeding aeolid opisthobranch mollusks and their development of symbiosis with zooxanthellae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 72, 219 - 262." type="journal article" year="1981">Rudman, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6350A816FF77F1543639F8CA" box="[151,291,1892,1917]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hyalinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FF77F1543639F8CA" box="[151,291,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. hyalinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6350A816FED3F15436CAF8CA" box="[307,464,1892,1917]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FED3F15436CAF8CA" box="[307,464,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. lizardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6350A816FE00F1543595F8CA" box="[480,655,1892,1917]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lembehensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FE00F1543595F8CA" box="[480,655,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. lembehensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6350A816FD31F154344AF8CA" box="[721,848,1892,1917]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="koehleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FD31F154344AF8CA" box="[721,848,1892,1917]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. koehleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with obvious nodules on the external portions of the cerata.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6350A816FEC0F1BB3590F813" box="[288,650,1931,1956]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FEC0F1BB3590F813" box="[288,650,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">Phyllodesmium tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can generally be distinguished from all of these species by the notably spherical and highly raised nodules that appear upon all parts of the largest cerata. In comparison,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6350A816FA66F18137EDF846" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="koehleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FA66F18137EDF846" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. koehleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has spine-shaped tubercles, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6350A816FD6BF1E83406F846" box="[651,796,2008,2033]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crypticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FD6BF1E83406F846" box="[651,796,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. crypticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6350A816FCB4F1E834C7F846" box="[852,989,2008,2033]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="5" pageNumber="35" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hyalinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6350A816FCB4F1E834C7F846" box="[852,989,2008,2033]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="35">P. hyalinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have low, often barely raised, conical tubercles.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FEF5F0563576F9C8" box="[277,620,1638,1663]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lembehensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FEF5F0563576F9C8" box="[277,620,1638,1663]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Phyllodesmium lembehensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has tubercles that congregate predominantly on the margins of the flattened cerata, appearing almost like rounded serrations. Lastly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FC46F0BD3359F911" box="[934,1091,1677,1702]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="lizardensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FC46F0BD3359F911" box="[934,1091,1677,1702]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">P. lizardensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FA66F0BD362CF97B" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FA66F0BD362CF97B" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">P. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the non-uniform shape of blotchy ceratal tubercles, which tend to form only on the distal third of each ceras. Of these five species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FD9EF0EA340AF944" box="[638,784,1754,1779]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crypticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FD9EF0EA340AF944" box="[638,784,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">P. crypticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FCA9F0EA34C8F944" box="[841,978,1754,1779]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hyalinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FCA9F0EA34C8F944" box="[841,978,1754,1779]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">P. hyalinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are perhaps most likely to be mistaken for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FF21F1313661F8AD" box="[193,379,1793,1818]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FF21F1313661F8AD" box="[193,379,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">P. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition to ceratal tubercles,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FCE2F131348CF8AD" box="[770,918,1793,1818]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crypticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FCE2F131348CF8AD" box="[770,918,1793,1818]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">P. crypticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described as a golden brown color rather than blue-gray.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B035ABAD6353A815FEB0F1173510F8F6" author="Rudman" box="[336,522,1831,1857]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" refString="Rudman, W. B. (1981) The anatomy and biology of alcyonarian-feeding aeolid opisthobranch mollusks and their development of symbiosis with zooxanthellae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 72, 219 - 262." type="journal article" year="1981">Rudman (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FD6AF1183404F8F6" box="[650,798,1832,1857]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crypticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FD6AF1183404F8F6" box="[650,798,1832,1857]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">P. crypticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a large animal, up to
|
||
<quantity id="135C7BB96353A815FBA1F1173397F8F6" box="[1089,1165,1831,1857]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" unit="mm" value="60.0">60mm</quantity>
|
||
long, which is notably different from the smaller size of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FDC6F17E35FAF8D0" box="[550,736,1870,1895]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FDC6F17E35FAF8D0" box="[550,736,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">P. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the jaws of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FBEBF17E33DEF8D0" box="[1035,1220,1870,1895]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FBEBF17E33DEF8D0" box="[1035,1220,1870,1895]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">P. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have 6–8 slender, evenly graded denticles.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B035ABAD6353A815FE5AF144356EF839" author="Rudman" box="[442,628,1908,1934]" pageId="6" pageNumber="48" refString="Rudman, W. B. (1981) The anatomy and biology of alcyonarian-feeding aeolid opisthobranch mollusks and their development of symbiosis with zooxanthellae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 72, 219 - 262." type="journal article" year="1981">Rudman (1981)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
did not enumerate the denticles of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FBF1F14533B9F839" box="[1041,1187,1909,1934]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crypticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FBF1F14533B9F839" box="[1041,1187,1909,1934]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">P. crypticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but according to the drawings, and to SEM images of a specimen from the CAS collection, they are coarse and irregular, with only 4 prominent denticles. The radular formulae are also noticeably different.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6353A815FC14F1F23250F86C" box="[1012,1354,1986,2011]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="6" pageNumber="36" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6353A815FC14F1F23250F86C" box="[1012,1354,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="36">Phyllodesmium tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 25 teeth on the radula while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FE27F6A83540FF06" box="[455,602,152,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crypticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FE27F6A83540FF06" box="[455,602,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">P. crypticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 36, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FD13F6A834B4FF06" box="[755,942,152,177]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FD13F6A834B4FF06" box="[755,942,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">P. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has 38–40 denticles per cusp, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FA66F6A83614FF6F" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crypticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FA66F6A83614FF6F" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">P. crypticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has up to 30 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B035ABAD6352A814FE5AF68E3573FF6F" author="Rudman" box="[442,617,190,216]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" refString="Rudman, W. B. (1981) The anatomy and biology of alcyonarian-feeding aeolid opisthobranch mollusks and their development of symbiosis with zooxanthellae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 72, 219 - 262." type="journal article" year="1981">Rudman 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FD9EF68F34ACFF6F" box="[638,950,191,216]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="crypticum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FD9EF68F34ACFF6F" box="[638,950,191,216]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Phyllodesmium crypticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a smooth receptaculum seminis and convoluted ampulla compared to the nodulose receptaculum seminis and curved ampulla in
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FB3BF6D536E3FE92" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FB3BF6D53283FF49" box="[1243,1433,229,254]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">P. tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FF77F73C36E3FE92" box="[151,505,268,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">Phyllodesmium tuberculatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs noticeably from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FCC3F73C34A8FE92" box="[803,946,268,293]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hyalinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FCC3F73C34A8FE92" box="[803,946,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">P. hyalinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in color and in the position of the anus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FF77F702351AFEFC" box="[151,512,306,331]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FF77F702351AFEFC" box="[151,512,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">Phyllodesmium tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is darker in color than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FCC4F70234ACFEFC" box="[804,950,306,331]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hyalinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FCC4F70234ACFEFC" box="[804,950,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">P. hyalinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and has a more ventrally located anus compared to the unique, dorsally located anus in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FD33F7693446FEC5" box="[723,860,345,370]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hyalinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FD33F7693446FEC5" box="[723,860,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">P. hyalinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The buccal armature of these species also differ, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FF56F7B03674FE2E" box="[182,366,384,409]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="tuberculatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FF56F7B03674FE2E" box="[182,366,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">P. tuberculatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has denticulated cusps with 28–30 denticles per tooth, while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="13A4ADDF6352A814FBDDF7B033DDFE2E" box="[1085,1223,384,409]" class="Gastropoda" family="Facelinidae" genus="Phyllodesmium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="7" pageNumber="37" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hyalinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="E6D00A4E6352A814FBDDF7B033DDFE2E" box="[1085,1223,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="37">P. hyalinum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can have up to 56 denticles per tooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |