207 lines
20 KiB
XML
207 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="96B4D98C163AA9D99F04E763BB664CB8" ID-CLB-Dataset="83716" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.6376899" ID-GBIF-Dataset="649319d4-ab3a-4291-ab8e-cae1442a76ec" ID-ISBN="978-84-96553-49-1" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6376899" IM.metadata_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_requiresApprovalFor="plazi" checkinTime="1647967603699" checkinUser="conny" docAuthor="Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier" docDate="2009" docId="5923B2744675C816E2FCCE78F7BE96F1" docLanguage="en" docName="hbmw_1_Felidae_0054.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions" docTitle="Leopardus guigna" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="A51ACA0C4660C803E273C83BFFCE9776" masterDocTitle="Felidae" masterLastPageNumber="168" masterPageNumber="54" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1699318466169" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="63D6CD8E2BE0932D068A3D41D143C7A1">Felidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="509E936E75750E85EE5CFC06C4DBD3B0">Don E. Wilson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5B4B7332CCC59D7894EFED6DBA954597">Russell A. Mittermeier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:dateIssued id="FD97A59D5E61B03C949202E635AE7073">2009</mods:dateIssued>
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<mods:dateOther id="86B281845AE9D343090AAAA46B149061" type="pubDate">2009-01-31</mods:dateOther>
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<mods:publisher id="1A2CE766EFF89BD05826399FF8232F4A">Lynx Edicions</mods:publisher>
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<mods:placeTerm id="E373059A7A3F3AA27E2BB35D3F95BD76">Barcelona</mods:placeTerm>
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<mods:titleInfo id="CDCE0ED553BB9F5037564DD0C7156388">
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<mods:title id="68DF6E7655A13E120E515798F684BD78">Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 1 Carnivores</mods:title>
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<treatment id="5923B2744675C816E2FCCE78F7BE96F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6772732" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196366986" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6772732" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5923B2744675C816E2FCCE78F7BE96F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5923B2744675C816E2FCCE78F7BE96F1" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E2FCCE78FF0B9107" box="[143,197,1603,1649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2FCCE78FF0B9107" blockId="21.[138,823,1603,1730]" box="[143,197,1603,1649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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<heading id="8A7DB40E4675C816E2FCCE78FF0B9107" box="[143,197,1603,1649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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<figureCitation id="49B11FE74675C816E2FCCE78FF0B9107" box="[143,197,1603,1649]" captionStart="Plate 6: Felidae" captionStartId="19.[135,165,3430,3455]" captionTargetBox="[18,2791,17,3637]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="14. Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), 15. Margay (Leopardus wiedii), 16. Colocolo (Leopardus colocolo), 17. Andean Mountain Cat (Leopardus jacobitus), 18. Oncilla (Leopardus tigrinus), 19. Kodkod (Leopardus guigna), 20. Geoftroy’s Cat (Leopardus geoffroyi)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6376986" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6376986/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">19.</figureCitation>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E2A5CE78FEB59107" box="[214,379,1603,1649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2A5CE78FEB59107" blockId="21.[138,823,1603,1730]" box="[214,379,1603,1649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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<heading id="8A7DB40E4675C816E2A5CE78FEB59107" box="[214,379,1603,1649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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<vernacularName id="5F89734C4675C816E2A5CE78FEB59107" box="[214,379,1603,1649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Kodkod</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E3F9CE78FD119107" box="[394,735,1603,1649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E3F9CE78FD119107" blockId="21.[138,823,1603,1730]" box="[394,735,1603,1649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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<heading id="8A7DB40E4675C816E3F9CE78FD119107" box="[394,735,1603,1649]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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||
<taxonomicName id="168A78E14675C816E3F9CE78FD119107" ID-CoL="3T789" baseAuthorityName="Molina" baseAuthorityYear="1782" box="[394,735,1603,1649]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Leopardus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guigna">
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<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E3F9CE78FD119107" box="[394,735,1603,1649]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Leopardus guigna</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E2FFCEB8FE0091C9" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="vernacular_names">
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<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2FFCEB8FCFB91EE" blockId="21.[138,823,1603,1730]" box="[140,821,1667,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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||
<heading id="8A7DB40E4675C816E2FFCEB8FCFB91EE" box="[140,821,1667,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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||
<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E2FFCEB8FF1791EE" bold="true" box="[140,217,1667,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">French:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="5F89734C4675C816E290CEB8FD4A91EE" box="[227,644,1667,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Kodkod / German" Chilenische Waldkatze</vernacularName>
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/
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<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E0E9CEB8FD3B91EE" bold="true" box="[666,757,1667,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Spanish:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="5F89734C4675C816E08CCEB8FCFB91EE" box="[767,821,1667,1688]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Huina</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2FFCE91FE0091C9" blockId="21.[138,823,1603,1730]" box="[140,462,1706,1727]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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<heading id="8A7DB40E4675C816E2FFCE91FE0091C9" box="[140,462,1706,1727]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E2FFCE91FE4C91C9" bold="true" box="[140,386,1706,1727]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Other common names:</emphasis>
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<vernacularName id="5F89734C4675C816E3F8CE91FE0091C9" box="[395,462,1706,1727]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Guigna</vernacularName>
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</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E082CED7FB33907B" box="[753,1277,1772,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E082CED7FB33907B" blockId="21.[753,1340,1772,2199]" box="[753,1277,1772,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E082CED7FC43907B" bold="true" box="[753,909,1772,1805]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="168A78E14675C816E1EACED7FB36907B" authority="Molina, 1782" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" box="[921,1272,1772,1805]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Felis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guigna">Felis guigna Molina, 1782</taxonomicName>
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,
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E77BCED7FC5B9043" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E77BCED7FC5B9043" blockId="21.[753,1340,1772,2199]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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||
<materialsCitation id="61E2093F4675C816E77BCED7FC5B9043" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3819684319" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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||
Valdivia,
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<collectingCountry id="A99D43F24675C816E136CF2FFC5F9043" box="[837,913,1812,1845]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Chile</collectingCountry>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E080CF7BFAF79F3F" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E080CF7BFAF79F3F" blockId="21.[753,1340,1772,2199]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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Sometimes placed in genus
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<taxonomicName id="168A78E14675C816E6FBCF7BFB3A902B" box="[1160,1268,1856,1885]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Oncifelis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Oncifelis</taxonomicName>
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||
. Molecular and morphological data show that present species and
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<taxonomicName id="168A78E14675C816E666CFB1FB6A90DD" box="[1045,1188,1930,1963]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Leopardus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="geoffroyi">L. geoffroyi</taxonomicName>
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are closed related sister taxa. Analyses of mtDNA lineages show that these two species last shared a common ancestor about 2-3 million years ago. Two subspecies recognized.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E081C068FDA59F90" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
|
||
<caption id="85F553EA4675C816E081C068FDA59F90" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6376941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6376941" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/6376941/files/figure.png" inLine="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" targetBox="[140,726,1782,2194]" targetPageId="21">
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<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E081C068FB4F9F06" blockId="21.[753,1340,1772,2199]" box="[754,1153,2131,2160]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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||
<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E081C068FB4F9F06" bold="true" box="[754,1153,2131,2160]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Subspecies and Distribution.</emphasis>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E080C041FED39FC9" blockId="21.[753,1340,1772,2199]" lastBlockId="21.[137,1345,2210,3456]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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||
<taxonomicName id="168A78E14675C816E080C041FBAD9FE1" authority="Molina, 1782" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" box="[755,1123,2170,2199]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Leopardus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="guigna" subSpecies="guigna">L. g. guigna Molina, 1782</taxonomicName>
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— S
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<collectingCountry id="A99D43F24675C816E6DCC041FB369FE1" box="[1199,1272,2170,2199]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Chile</collectingCountry>
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and
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<collectingCountry id="A99D43F24675C816E2F9C099FED79FC9" box="[138,281,2210,2239]" name="Argentina" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Argentina</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2FFC0FEFDA59F90" blockId="21.[137,1345,2210,3456]" box="[140,619,2245,2278]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="168A78E14675C816E2FFC0FEFE179F90" authority="Schinz, 1844" authorityName="Schinz" authorityYear="1844" box="[140,473,2245,2278]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Leopardus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="guigna" subSpecies="tigrillo">L. g. tigrillo Schinz, 1844</taxonomicName>
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— C
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<collectingCountry id="A99D43F24675C816E068C0FEFDA99F90" box="[539,615,2245,2278]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Chile</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E2F9C0D7FE899EDD" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2F9C0D7FE899EDD" blockId="21.[137,1345,2210,3456]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E2F9C0D7FE4B9E7B" bold="true" box="[138,389,2284,2317]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Descriptive notes.</emphasis>
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Head-body 39-51 cm, tail 19.5-25 cm. Adult males heavier (1.7-3 kg) than adult females (1.3-2.
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||
<quantity id="1672AE874675C816E041C123FDBC9E43" box="[562,626,2328,2357]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" unit="kg" value="1.0">1 kg</quantity>
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). Gray-brown coat marked with small, round, black spots and flecks. Forehead and neck with dark spots and streaks. Tail thick, bushy, marked with series of narrow black bands. White central spot on backs of ears. Melanism common.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E2F9C18AFC7C9D19" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2F9C18AFC7C9D19" blockId="21.[137,1345,2210,3456]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E2F9C18AFF379EA4" bold="true" box="[138,249,2481,2514]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Habitat.</emphasis>
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||
Southern beech forest and temperate rain forest. A study population on the north-west coast of
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<collectingCountry id="A99D43F24675C816E3DAC1DBFE199E8F" box="[425,471,2528,2553]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Isla</collectingCountry>
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Grande de Chiloé, in
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<collectingCountry id="A99D43F24675C816E15FC1DBFCB69E8F" box="[812,888,2528,2553]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Chile</collectingCountry>
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, used fragmented remnants of natural forest interspersed with ravines and steep coastal forest strips. They avoided agricultural fields, pastures, and cleared areas. They moved between forest tracts by travelling along vegetated corridors. Below about
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<quantity id="1672AE874675C816E135C275FC619D19" box="[838,943,2638,2671]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</quantity>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E2F9C24EFB7F9D93" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="food_feeding">
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||
<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2F9C24EFB7F9D93" blockId="21.[137,1345,2210,3456]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E2F9C24EFE579DE0" bold="true" box="[138,409,2677,2710]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Food and Feeding.</emphasis>
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Diet includes birds, primarily ground-dwelling thrushes (
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||
<taxonomicName id="168A78E14675C816E696C24EFF0F9DCB" class="Aves" family="Turdidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Turdidae</taxonomicName>
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), lapwings (Charadiidae), tapaculos (
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||
<taxonomicName id="168A78E14675C816E0BCC2A7FC7E9DCB" box="[719,944,2716,2749]" class="Aves" family="Rhinocryptidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Passeriformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Rhinocryptidae</taxonomicName>
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||
), domestic geese, and chickens. Other prey include small rodents (
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||
<taxonomicName id="168A78E14675C816E0C0C2FFFCC49D93" box="[691,778,2756,2789]" class="Mammalia" family="Muridae" genus="Rattus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Rattus</taxonomicName>
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spp.) and lizards (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="168A78E14675C816E67CC2FFFB6D9D93" box="[1039,1187,2756,2789]" class="Reptilia" family="Iguanidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Iguanidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E2FAC2D0FBFB9C2D" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="activity">
|
||
<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2FAC2D0FBFB9C2D" blockId="21.[137,1345,2210,3456]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E2FAC2D0FEBD9C7A" bold="true" box="[137,371,2795,2828]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Activity patterns.</emphasis>
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Adept climbers, often use tree branches as travel paths, escape cover, rest sites, and for hunting. Rest during the day along streamsin thick vegetation. Active at all times of the day and night, but generally more active at night.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E2F8C35AFCC89BE3" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2F8C35AFCC89BE3" blockId="21.[137,1345,2210,3456]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E2F8C35AFC959CF4" bold="true" box="[139,859,2913,2946]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Movements, Home range and Social organization.</emphasis>
|
||
Males on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A99D43F24675C816E188C35AFBE79CF4" box="[1019,1065,2913,2946]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Grande de Chiloé sometimes crossed home ranges in a single day. Movement rates for males averaged
|
||
<quantity id="1672AE874675C816E2FFC394FF1E9CA6" box="[140,208,2991,3024]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.2" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" unit="m" value="62.0">62 m</quantity>
|
||
per hour, females
|
||
<quantity id="1672AE874675C816E393C394FDEA9CA6" box="[480,548,2991,3024]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" unit="m" value="36.0">36 m</quantity>
|
||
per hour. In the fragmented forest, home range size of males was 357 ha; females in same area had home ranges of 126 ha. Home range size of males in unfragmented habitat was 179 ha. Little overlap among home ranges of same sex animals on
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A99D43F24675C816E3CBC41DFE289B31" box="[440,486,3110,3143]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Isla</collectingCountry>
|
||
Grande de Chiloé; male ranges ovelapped those of females. In Laguna San Rafael National Park in south
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A99D43F24675C816E171C476FC839B18" box="[770,845,3149,3182]" name="Chile" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Chile</collectingCountry>
|
||
, mean home range size was 150 ha, with no significant differences between sexes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E2F8C4A0FE429B95" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="breeding">
|
||
<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2F8C4A0FE429B95" blockId="21.[137,1345,2210,3456]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E2F8C4A0FEDF9BCA" bold="true" box="[139,273,3227,3260]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Breeding.</emphasis>
|
||
The gestation period is 72-78 days,litter size varies from 1-4. Longevity is up to eleven years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E2FFC4D2FE1F9AF6" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="conservation">
|
||
<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E2FFC4D2FE1F9AF6" blockId="21.[137,1345,2210,3456]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E2FFC4D2FE209A7C" bold="true" box="[140,494,3305,3338]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Status and Conservation.</emphasis>
|
||
CITES Appendix II. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. Has one of the smallest geographic ranges of any felid species and the species 1s restricted to dense forest areas. Logging and forest clearance are increasingly fragmenting its habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="999050E94675C816E7F6C924F7BE96F1" pageId="21" pageNumber="147" type="bibRefCitation_list">
|
||
<paragraph id="D13503624675C816E7F6C924F7BE96F1" blockId="21.[1412,2612,287,394]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3FEDF704675C816E7F6C924F9D4964E" bold="true" box="[1413,1562,287,312]" pageId="21" pageNumber="147">Bibliography.</emphasis>
|
||
Dunstone, Durbin, Wyllie, Freer et al. (2002), Dunstone, Durbin, Wyllie, Rose & Acosta (1998), Greer (1965), Johnson, Pecon-Slattery et al. (1999), Nowell & Jackson (1996), Osgood (1943), Sanderson, J.G. al. (2002), Scosta-Jamett & Simonetti (2004), Sunquist & Sunquist (2002).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |