279 lines
35 KiB
XML
279 lines
35 KiB
XML
<document id="F187E2416B2978E720C63F9A1E8C3CE5" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3972.3.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="37cf6488-091a-40ce-ae0a-2e251f6254ea" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="236731" ID-ZooBank="C1698260-269E-4D15-A562-D8FF46751F7F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461188715890" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Peña Cantero, Álvaro L." docDate="2015" docId="3D10878AFF9DB44310905E7AFA883D31" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03972p392.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3972 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Koellikerina belgicae Vanhoffen 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="377" masterDocId="C129FFF2FF9AB44B10075D3EFFD13F0D" masterDocTitle="Review of some little-known benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Southern Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="392" masterPageNumber="369" pageNumber="376" updateTime="1698600324260" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1F96E5A115F063384E49724DFB317F8E">Review of some little-known benthic hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the Southern Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="23453E149C4C72310EBCDD7342ED6B08">Peña Cantero, Álvaro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="21F82EDD0E63FE89BEEFD5674638324E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="B848B2A37DB95B6B8FEA1A128F9AE539">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="670F1CF39A92F694A690748DA026B29F">3972</mods:number>
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<treatment id="3D10878AFF9DB44310905E7AFA883D31" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5671792" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119629004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5671792" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3D10878AFF9DB44310905E7AFA883D31" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3D10878AFF9DB44310905E7AFA883D31" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF9DB44C10905E7AFE713C72" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10905E7AFD5A3C53" blockId="7.[151,651,836,895]" box="[151,651,836,862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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<heading id="EE4E81F0FF9DB44C10905E7AFD5A3C53" bold="true" box="[151,651,836,862]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C10905E7AFD5A3C53" bold="true" box="[151,651,836,862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C10905E7AFF723C53" bold="true" box="[151,163,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">?</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C10A45E7AFD5A3C53" authority="Vanhoffen, 1910" authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityYear="1910" box="[163,651,836,862]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Koellikerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="belgicae">
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<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C10A45E7AFE773C53" bold="true" box="[163,422,836,862]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Koellikerina belgicae</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C11B25E7AFD523C53" author="Vanhoffen" box="[437,643,836,862]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11 (Zoology 3), 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10905E58FE713C72" blockId="7.[151,651,836,895]" box="[151,416,870,895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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(
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<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF9DB44C10985E58FF333C72" box="[159,226,870,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,871,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,860,1834]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bimeria corynopsis Vanhöffen, 1910: A, a few stems growing on Staurotheca.? Koellikerina belgicae (Vanhöffen, 1910): B, colony with several stems. Rhizorhagium antarcticum (Hickson & Gravely, 1907): C – D, several stems and gonophores. Scale bar: 2 mm (A – B), 1 mm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236732/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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B, 2C–D, 3C–E)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF9DB44C10905E8EFDBE3B0F" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10905E8EFD713CEE" blockId="7.[151,1436,942,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="95A911B2FF9DB44C10905E8EFD713CEE" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C10905E8EFD843CC9" authority="Vanhoffen, 1910: 283" authorityName="Vanhoffen" authorityPageNumber="283" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,597,942,965]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="belgicae">
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<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C10905E8EFEA53CC9" box="[151,372,942,965]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Perigonimus belgicae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF9DB44C117D5E90FD843CC9" author="Vanhoffen" box="[378,597,942,964]" page="283" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C117D5E90FDF73CC9" author="Vanhoffen" box="[378,550,942,964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11 (Zoology 3), 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 283
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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–284, fig. 9;
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<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF9DB44C12D05E90FC453CC9" author="Stechow" box="[727,916,942,964]" page="20" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" year="1919">
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<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C12D05E90FCBF3CC9" author="Stechow" box="[727,878,942,964]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Stechow, E. (1919) Zur Kenntnis der Hydroidenfauna des Mittelmeeres, Amerikas und anderer Gebiete, nebst Angaben uber einige Kirchenpauer'sche Typen von Plumulariden. Zoologische Jahrbucher, Abteilung fur Systematik, 42 (1), 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1919">Stechow, 1919</bibRefCitation>
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: 20
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</treatmentCitation>
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; Stepanjants, 1972: 58, fig. 3; 1979: 12, pl. 1 fig. 4. ‘
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<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C10985EF0FEAD3CEE" box="[159,380,973,995]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="belgicae">
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<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C10985EF0FEAD3CEE" box="[159,380,973,995]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Perigonimus belgicae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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’—
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<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF9DB44C119C5EF3FD4A3CEE" author="Pena" box="[411,667,973,995]" page="768" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" year="2004">
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<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C119C5EF3FDB83CEE" author="Pena" box="[411,617,973,995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2004) How rich is the deep-sea Antarctic benthic hydroid fauna? Polar Biology, 27, 767 - 774. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00300 - 004 - 0654 - 9" type="journal article" year="2004">Peña Cantero, 2004</bibRefCitation>
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: 768
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10905ED3FDBE3B0F" blockId="7.[151,1436,942,1026]" box="[151,623,1004,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="95A911B2FF9DB44C10905ED3FDBE3B0F" box="[151,623,1004,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C10905ED3FEC83B0F" ID-CoL="13005912-13c9-4879-9f25-06a479df90fd" box="[151,281,1005,1026]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C10905ED3FEC83B0F" box="[151,281,1005,1026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Perigonimus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<treatmentCitation id="3418108DFF9DB44C11455ED2FE243B0F" author="Hartlaub" box="[322,501,1004,1026]" page="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" year="1904">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C11455ED2FE0F3B0F" author="Hartlaub" box="[322,478,1004,1026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. In: Expedition antarctique Belge. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1899. Rapports scientifiques, Zoologie, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1904">Hartlaub, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 8
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, pl. 1 fig. 1.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF9DB44C10905910FAEB3B66" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10905910FAEB3B66" blockId="7.[151,1436,1070,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C10905910FE533B4A" bold="true" box="[151,386,1070,1095]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C118B5911FE033B4B" box="[396,466,1071,1094]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Gauss</emphasis>
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Deutschen Südpolar-Expedition
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<date id="C107105CFF9DB44C134B5911FC1F3B4A" box="[844,974,1071,1095]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" value="1901" valueMax="1903">1901–1903</date>
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:
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<typeStatus id="6A02883EFF9DB44C13DC5911FBE63B4A" box="[987,1079,1071,1095]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" type="syntype">Syntype</typeStatus>
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(ZMBCni 15702*),
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<date id="C107105CFF9DB44C15225911FA493B4A" box="[1317,1432,1071,1095]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" value="1903-03-01">1.III.1903</date>
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, off Posadowsky Bay (Davis Sea),
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<quantity id="72419B79FF9DB44C1211596CFDBC3B67" box="[534,621,1106,1131]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" unit="m" value="2450.0">2450 m</quantity>
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, a few stems, up to
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<quantity id="72419B79FF9DB44C134C596CFC5D3B67" box="[843,908,1106,1131]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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high, with gonophores, on bryozoans.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF9DB44C10C05948FC773A12" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10C05948FC773A12" blockId="7.[151,1436,1070,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C10C05948FE883B82" bold="true" box="[199,345,1142,1167]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Description.</emphasis>
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Tortuous stems, up to
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<quantity id="72419B79FF9DB44C12655948FD743B83" box="[610,677,1142,1167]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
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high, irregularly branched, with up to 11 polyps (
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<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF9DB44C14E05948FAF83B82" box="[1255,1321,1142,1167]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,871,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,860,1834]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bimeria corynopsis Vanhöffen, 1910: A, a few stems growing on Staurotheca.? Koellikerina belgicae (Vanhöffen, 1910): B, colony with several stems. Rhizorhagium antarcticum (Hickson & Gravely, 1907): C – D, several stems and gonophores. Scale bar: 2 mm (A – B), 1 mm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236732/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B). Stems covered almost completely with perisarc (only tips of tentacles visible) and forming distinct pseudohydrothecae, c. 280 µm in maximum diameter (
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<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF9DB44C12065980FD9B3BDA" box="[513,586,1214,1239]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[213,1376,205,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[192,1394,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bimeria corynopsis Vanhöffen, 1910: A, branched stem showing polyp; B, unbranched stem with polyp.? Koellikerina belgicae (Vanhöffen, 1910): C, polyp; D, gonophore. Rhizorhagium antarcticum (Hickson & Gravely, 1907): E – F, polyps. Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C, E – F), 125 µm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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C, 3C–D). Perisarc typically felted; however, felt lost in most of the stems, being only present at their distal parts and on pseudohydrothecae (
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<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF9DB44C139859DCFC303BF6" box="[927,993,1250,1275]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1858,1880]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,871,1820]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,860,1834]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Bimeria corynopsis Vanhöffen, 1910: A, a few stems growing on Staurotheca.? Koellikerina belgicae (Vanhöffen, 1910): B, colony with several stems. Rhizorhagium antarcticum (Hickson & Gravely, 1907): C – D, several stems and gonophores. Scale bar: 2 mm (A – B), 1 mm (C – D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236732/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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B). Some medusa buds (c. 210 µm in diameter) present (
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<figureCitation id="2D822A19FF9DB44C116E5838FE603A12" box="[361,433,1286,1311]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1953,1975]" captionTargetBox="[213,1376,205,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[192,1394,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Bimeria corynopsis Vanhöffen, 1910: A, branched stem showing polyp; B, unbranched stem with polyp.? Koellikerina belgicae (Vanhöffen, 1910): C, polyp; D, gonophore. Rhizorhagium antarcticum (Hickson & Gravely, 1907): E – F, polyps. Scale bar: 250 µm (A – C, E – F), 125 µm (D)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/236733/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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D, 3E), although in early development stage.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="FDA36517FF9DB44310C05814FA883D31" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" type="discussion">
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||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10C05814FB483A4E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1070,2031]" box="[199,1177,1322,1347]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C10C05814FEEA3A4E" bold="true" box="[199,315,1322,1347]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Remarks.</emphasis>
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According to
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<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C11DB5814FD703A4E" author="Vanhoffen" box="[476,673,1322,1347]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11 (Zoology 3), 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen (1910)</bibRefCitation>
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the species has no more than eight tentacles.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10C05870FD853ADF" blockId="7.[151,1436,1070,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
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||
Unfortunately, it has not been possible to find any nematocysts and, consequently, the cnidome for this species remains unknown. In addition, despite the presence of medusa buds, their early development stage prevents me from characterizing the medusa of this species. Vanhöffen’s species is, therefore, insufficiently characterized and it is here considered a
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<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C117C5882FD9C3ADE" box="[379,589,1466,1491]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">species inquirenda</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10C058E0FA443AFA" blockId="7.[151,1436,1070,2031]" box="[199,1429,1502,1527]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">This is a very rare species, reported on three occasions, but only known for sure from the original description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10C05B3CFE3B39C2" blockId="7.[151,1436,1070,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C10C05B3CFE5C3916" author="Vanhoffen" box="[199,397,1538,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11 (Zoology 3), 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered his specimens identical with those described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C14345B3CFB363916" author="Hartlaub" box="[1075,1255,1538,1563]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. In: Expedition antarctique Belge. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1899. Rapports scientifiques, Zoologie, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1904">Hartlaub (1904)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C150A5B3AFA4D3916" box="[1293,1436,1540,1563]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C150A5B3AFA4D3916" box="[1293,1436,1540,1563]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Perigonimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp., although this should be confirmed by studying Hartlaub’s material.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C13BC5B18FBBE3932" author="Hartlaub" box="[955,1135,1574,1599]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. In: Expedition antarctique Belge. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1899. Rapports scientifiques, Zoologie, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1904">Hartlaub (1904)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
had previously considered his specimens related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C11BE5B72FCAB396E" authority="Weismann, 1883" authorityName="Weismann" authorityYear="1883" box="[441,890,1610,1635]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cidaritis">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C11BE5B72FD61396E" box="[441,688,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Perigonimus cidaritis</emphasis>
|
||
Weismann, 1883
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C13AE5B74FB6D396E" box="[937,1212,1610,1635]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Koellikerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fasciculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C13AE5B74FB6D396E" box="[937,1212,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Koellikerina fasciculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Péron & Lesueur, 1810] and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C111C5B51FDEC398A" authority="Allman, 1864" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1864" box="[283,573,1646,1671]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="vestitus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C111C5B51FE41398B" box="[283,400,1647,1670]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">P. vestitus</emphasis>
|
||
Allman, 1864
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C12765B50FBF9398A" authority="Fleming, 1823" authorityName="Fleming" authorityYear="1823" box="[625,1064,1646,1671]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Pandeidae" genus="Leuckartiara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="octona">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C12765B50FC8F398B" box="[625,862,1646,1671]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Leuckartiara octona</emphasis>
|
||
(Fleming, 1823)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] because of the felted perisarc envelope.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C110B5BACFE0439A6" author="Vanhoffen" box="[268,469,1682,1707]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11 (Zoology 3), 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, considered his species easily distinguishable from those species by its felt cover and its deep-sea habitat.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44C10C05BE4FCB238C6" blockId="7.[151,1436,1070,2031]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C10C05BE4FE5F39FE" author="Vanhoffen" box="[199,398,1754,1779]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11 (Zoology 3), 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
already mentioned that small medusa buds were present in his material. Although in early developmental stages, the presence of medusa buds indicates that this species should be considered belonging to either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C10D85A1CFDD93836" authority="Kramp, 1939" authorityName="Kramp" authorityYear="1939" box="[223,520,1826,1851]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Koellikerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C10D85A1CFEBA3836" box="[223,363,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Koellikerina</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C11745A1DFDD93836" author="Kramp" box="[371,520,1827,1851]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Browne, E. T. & Kramp, P. L. (1939) Hydromedusae from the Falkland Islands. Discovery Reports, 18, 265 - 322, pls. 14 - 19." type="journal article" year="1939">Kramp, 1939</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C12375A1CFCAB3836" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[560,890,1826,1851]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Thamnostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C12375A1CFD1F3836" box="[560,718,1826,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Thamnostoma</emphasis>
|
||
Haeckel, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
rather than to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C14245A1AFACF3836" authority="Wright, 1859" authorityName="Wright" authorityYear="1859" box="[1059,1310,1826,1851]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Bimeria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C14245A1AFBAC3836" box="[1059,1149,1828,1851]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Bimeria</emphasis>
|
||
Wright, 1859
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has fixed sporosacs. It is worth mentioning that a species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C13135A78FC713852" box="[788,928,1862,1887]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Koellikerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C13135A78FC713852" box="[788,928,1862,1887]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Koellikerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C13A85A79FB1C3852" authority="Browne, 1910" authorityName="Browne" authorityYear="1910" box="[943,1229,1863,1887]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Koellikerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="maasi">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C13A85A79FBC53853" box="[943,1044,1863,1886]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">K. maasi</emphasis>
|
||
(Browne, 1910)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been reported from the Southern Ocean. Polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C122B5A54FD69388E" box="[556,696,1898,1923]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Koellikerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C122B5A54FD69388E" box="[556,696,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">Koellikerina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are only known from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF9DB44C13A85A52FB9A388E" box="[943,1099,1898,1923]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Koellikerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="fasciculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C13A85A52FB9A388E" box="[943,1099,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">K. fasciculata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C147B5A54FA8E388E" author="Bouillon" box="[1148,1375,1898,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Bouillon, J., Gravili, C., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. & Boero, F. (2006) An introduction to Hydrozoa. Memoires du Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, 194, 1 - 591." type="journal article" year="2006">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF9DB44C14E25A52FAC4388E" box="[1253,1301,1898,1923]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2006
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 131) and it is noteworthy that colonies of that species have also been reported growing on spines of cidaroid sea urchins (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF9DB44C10C35A8CFEA638C6" author="Schuchert" box="[196,375,1970,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="376" refString="Schuchert, P. (2007) The European athecate hydroids and their medusae (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria): Filifera part 2. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 114, 195 - 396." type="journal article" year="2007">Schuchert 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 230), as in the case of Vanhöffen’s species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF9DB44310C05AE8FDA63E4D" blockId="7.[151,1436,1070,2031]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,573]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="377" pageId="7" pageNumber="376">
|
||
Stepanjants (1972) reported Vanhöffen’s species from the Davis Sea. However, it should be necessary to reexamine her material to confirm it. Stepanjants’s material lacks the felt so characteristic of?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF92B44314BD5DA7FAED3FBD" box="[1210,1340,151,176]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Perigonimus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="belgicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF92B44314BD5DA7FAED3FBD" box="[1210,1340,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">K. belgicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; instead stems are covered by a dense population of ciliates. In addition, it was collected on much shallower bottoms, although eurybathic species are common in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF92B44312BD5DE1FCF33FF5" box="[698,802,223,248]" name="Antarctica" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
benthic ecosystem (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF92B443140B5DDEFB293FF5" author="Pena" box="[1036,1272,224,248]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" refString="Pena Cantero, A. L. (2014 a) Chapter 5.6. Benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). In: Biogeographic Atlas of the Southern Ocean. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, pp. 103 - 106." type="book chapter" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">Peña Cantero 2014a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). On the other hand, it agrees in the number of tentacles (about eight) and in the presence of medusa buds (in this case placed on the hydranth stems and on the hydrorhiza).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF92B44310C05C72FCCB3EDD" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF92B44310C05C72FE293E68" bold="true" box="[199,504,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Ecology and distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
?
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF92B44312135C72FCD93E68" box="[532,776,332,357]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Bougainvilliidae" genus="Koellikerina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="belgicae">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF92B44312135C72FCD93E68" box="[532,776,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Koellikerina belgicae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been found at depths between
|
||
<quantity id="72419B79FF92B44314905C72FB0E3E69" box="[1175,1247,332,357]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.6899999999999995" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" unit="m" value="569.0">569 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF92B44314E95C72FA453E69" author="Hartlaub" box="[1262,1428,332,357]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. In: Expedition antarctique Belge. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1899. Rapports scientifiques, Zoologie, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1904">Hartlaub 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<quantity id="72419B79FF92B44310C05C51FECF3E8A" box="[199,286,367,392]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.45" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" unit="m" value="2450.0">2450 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF92B443112A5C51FE363E85" author="Vanhoffen" box="[301,487,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11 (Zoology 3), 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), epibiotic on spines of cidaroid sea urchins (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF92B44313ED5C51FB733E85" author="Vanhoffen" box="[1002,1186,367,392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11 (Zoology 3), 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and pycnogonid legs (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF92B44310995CAAFE973EA1" author="Hartlaub" box="[158,326,404,429]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. In: Expedition antarctique Belge. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1899. Rapports scientifiques, Zoologie, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1904">Hartlaub 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Stepanjants’ (1972, 1979) material was collected at a depth of
|
||
<quantity id="72419B79FF92B44314195CAAFB883EA1" box="[1054,1113,404,429]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" unit="m" value="35.0">35 m</quantity>
|
||
, on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72B94D1FFF92B443148E5CAAFB263EA0" box="[1161,1271,404,429]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Tubulariidae" genus="Tubularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anthoathecata" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="87CDEA8EFF92B443148E5CAAFB263EA0" box="[1161,1271,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">Tubularia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Medusa buds were found from December to March (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF92B443124F5C89FCDF3EDD" author="Stepanjants" box="[584,782,439,464]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B506369CFF92B44310C05CE2FA883D31" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">
|
||
Despite the few records of the species, it could have a circum-Antarctic distribution (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF92B44314835CE2FA9B3EF9" author="Stepanjants" box="[1156,1354,476,501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" refString="Stepanjants, S. D. (1979) Hydroids of the antarctic and subantarctic waters. In: Biological results of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition, 6. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei, 20 (30), 1 - 200, pls 1 - 25. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1979">Stepanjants 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), being known from Posadowsky Bay, in the Davis Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF92B44312BC5CC1FCA33D15" author="Vanhoffen" box="[699,882,511,536]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" refString="Vanhoffen, E. (1910) Die Hydroiden der Deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903. Deutsche Sudpolar-Expedition 1901 - 1903, 11 (Zoology 3), 269 - 340." type="journal article" year="1910">Vanhöffen 1910</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and at
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D08D505BFF92B44313CA5CC1FBFA3D15" box="[973,1067,511,536]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" precision="925" value="-70.25">70°15’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D08D505BFF92B443143F5CC1FB4E3D15" box="[1080,1183,511,536]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" precision="925" value="-84.1">84°06’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, in the Bellingshausen Sea (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D1284B6DFF92B44310C95F1AFEA43D31" author="Hartlaub" box="[206,373,548,573]" pageId="8" pageNumber="377" refString="Hartlaub, C. (1904) Hydroiden. In: Expedition antarctique Belge. Resultats du voyage du S. Y. Belgica en 1897 - 1899. Rapports scientifiques, Zoologie, 1 - 19." type="book chapter" year="1904">Hartlaub 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CDAE760CFF92B443118F5F1AFE763D31" box="[392,423,548,572]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="377">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
indicated above, Stepanjants’ (1972, 1979) material also comes from the Davis Sea.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |